| a novel serine protease with clip domain from scallop chlamys farreri. | the serine proteases with clip domain are involved in various innate immune functions in invertebrate such as antimicrobial activity, cell adhesion, pattern recognition and regulation of the prophenoloxidase system. a serine protease with clip-domain cdna (cf sp) was obtained by expressed sequence taggings (ests) method and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the cf sp full-length cdna was of 1,152 bp, including a 5'-terminal untranslated region (utr) of 63 bp, a 3'-terminal utr of 81 bp wi ... | 2008 | 17484057 |
| new triazole and triazolothiadiazine derivatives as possible antimicrobial agents. | triazole and triazoles fused with six-membered ring systems are found to possess diverse applications in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industry. the new 1,2,4-triazole and 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine derivatives were synthesized as novel antimicrobial agents. the reaction of 1h-indol-3-acetic acid with thiocarbohydrazide gave the 4-amino-3-mercapto-5-[(1h-indol-3-yl)methyl]-4h-1,2,4-triazole. the reaction of triazole with arylaldehydes in ethanol gave the 4-arylideneamino-3 ... | 2008 | 17499887 |
| a small-scale method for quantitation of carotenoids in bacteria and yeasts. | microbial carotenoids are difficult to extract because of their embedding into a compact matrix and prominent sensitivity to degradation. especially for carotenoid analysis of bacteria and yeasts, there is lack of information about capability, precision and recovery of the method used. accordingly, we investigated feasibility, throughput and validity of a new small-scale method using micrococcus luteus and rhodotorula glutinis for testing purposes. for disintegration and extraction, we combined ... | 2007 | 17509707 |
| protein kinase a activity and protein phosphorylation in the haemocytes of immune-challenged galleria mellonella larvae. | protein kinase a (pka) activity was detected in the haemocytes of greater wax moth, galleria mellonella larvae using a specific peptide substrate--kemptide. the enzyme was activated in vitro by 1 microm concentration of camp, 8-br-camp, 8-chl-camp and bzcmp, whereas in the case of cgmp 10 microm concentration was necessary. immune challenge of g. mellonella larvae with bacteria led to changes in haemocyte pka activity. gram-positive m. luteus was a better inducer of pka activity than gram-negati ... | 2007 | 17526420 |
| effectiveness and stability of plastic films coated with nisin for inhibition of listeria monocytogenes. | plastic films were coated with a cellulose-based carrier solution containing nisin, a natural antimicrobial peptide with the potential to inhibit growth of food spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms such as listeria monocytogenes. five commercial plastic films with different chemical compositions and surface properties were compared in this study: low-density polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and three types of ethylene-methacrylic acid copolymers: surlyn 1601, nucrel 0403, and nu ... | 2007 | 17536692 |
| extraction of nisin from a 2.5% commercial nisin product using methanol and ethanol solutions. | nisin is a class ia bacteriocin used widely in the food industry to inhibit a number of gram-positive pathogens. although this peptide exhibits activity against many gram-positive bacteria, its effectiveness can vary significantly depending upon the food application. encapsulation is one method that has been investigated for improving the activity of nisin. improvement of the encapsulation efficiency of nisin requires purification of the compound, which can be accomplished utilizing organic solv ... | 2007 | 17536693 |
| comparison of the antibacterial activity of honey from different provenance against bacteria usually isolated from skin wounds. | the antibacterial activity of honey samples provided by apiarists and honey packers was tested against microorganisms usually isolated from skin wounds. the antibacterial activity was tested using the well-agar diffusion assay. the honey samples were tested without dilution, and at 75, 50, 30, and 10% (w/v) dilution. most of the undiluted honey samples inhibited the growth of staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis. some honey samples provided by apiarists also inhibited the growth ... | 2007 | 17540520 |
| [sds-page analysis of the antibacterial activity of the hemolymph from housefly larva]. | to study the inducible antibacterial activity of the hemolymph from housefly larva and analyze the antibacterial molecules. | 2007 | 17545015 |
| antibacterial substances of low molecular weight isolated from the blowfly, lucilia sericata. | low molecular weight compounds were isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography from the maggot or haemolymph extracts of lucilia sericata (meigen) (diptera: calliphoridae). using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, three compounds were obtained: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (molecular weight 138 da), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (molecular weight 152 da) and octahydro-dipyrrolo[1,2-a;1',2'-d] pyrazine-5,10-dione (molecular weight 194 da), also known as the cyclic dimer of proline (or p ... | 2007 | 17550431 |
| immune upregulation of novel antibacterial proteins from silkmoths (lepidoptera) that resemble lysozymes but lack muramidase activity. | study on immune proteins in domesticated and wild silkmoths bombyx mori and antheraea mylitta, respectively, led to identification of a new class of antimicrobial proteins. we designated them as lysozyme-like proteins (llps) owing to their partial similarity with lysozymes. however, lack of characteristic catalytic amino acid residues essential for muramidase activity in llps puts them functionally apart from classical lysozymes. two llps, one from b. mori (bllp1) and the other from a. mylitta ( ... | 2007 | 17550822 |
| a combined mass spectrometric and cdna sequencing approach to the isolation and characterization of novel antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of phyllomedusa hypochondrialis azurea. | studies conducted on amphibian skin secretions over the past 40 years have isolated and identified huge arrays of bioactive peptides, many of which have demonstrated potent anti-microbial activity. such peptides are attracting increasing attention due to the growing problem of pathogenic microorganisms resistant to conventional antibiotics. the current study utilized a combined proteomic/genomic approach to facilitate the high throughput sequencing of five novel dermaseptins and four novel phyll ... | 2007 | 17553595 |
| influence of end groups on in vitro release and biological activity of lysozyme from a phase-sensitive smart polymer-based in situ gel forming controlled release drug delivery system. | phase-sensitive in situ gel forming controlled release formulations of lysozyme were prepared using poly lactic acid (pla) and/or poly glycolic acid (pga) based polymers differing in end groups in addition to composition, and a solvent system consisting of various ratios of benzyl benzoate (bb) and benzyl alcohol (ba). the amount of lysozyme in the released samples was determined by measuring absorbance at 280 nm using suitable controls to nullify the effect of absorption of formulation degradat ... | 2007 | 17560056 |
| measurements of non-methane hydrocarbons, doc in surface ocean waters and aerosols over the nordic seas during polarstern cruise ark-xx/1 (2004). | to explore processes leading to the formation of volatile organic compounds at the sea surface and their transfer to the atmosphere, whole air, marine aerosols, and surface ocean water doc were simultaneously sampled during june-july 2004 on the nordic seas. 19 c(2)-c(6) non-methane hydrocarbons (nmhcs) in the air samples are reported from nine sites, spanning a range of latitudes. site-to-site variability in nmhc concentrations was high, which suggests variable, local sources for these compound ... | 2007 | 17561230 |
| qualitative and quantitative analysis of microbial aerosols in selected areas within the college of dentistry, king saud university. | to investigate qualitatively and quantitatively the bacterial aerosols before, during, and after clinical work sessions in different areas within a multichair dental clinic, an isolation clinic, the sterilization center, and the prosthetic laboratory in the college of dentistry, king saud university. in addition, the contributions of aerosols generated by different types of dental procedures were investigated. | 2007 | 17568825 |
| the cdna cloning and mrna expression of cytoplasmic cu, zn superoxide dismutase (sod) gene in scallop chlamys farreri. | cu, zn superoxide dismutases (sods) are metalloenzymes that represent one important line of defence against reactive oxygen species (ros). a cytoplasmic cu, zn sod cdna sequence was cloned from scallop chlamys farreri by the homology-based cloning technique. the full-length cdna of scallop cytoplasmic cu, zn sod (designated cfsod) was 1022 bp with a 459 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 153 amino acids. the predicted amino acid sequence of cfsod shared high identity with cytoplasmi ... | 2007 | 17574438 |
| antimicrobial activity in the common seawhip, leptogorgia virgulata (cnidaria: gorgonaceae). | antimicrobial activity was examined in the gorgonian leptogorgia virgulata (common seawhip) from south carolina waters. extraction and assay protocols were developed to identify antimicrobial activity in crude extracts of l. virgulata. detection was determined by liquid growth inhibition assays using escherichia coli bl21, vibrio harveyii, micrococcus luteus, and a bacillus sp. isolate. this represents the first report of antimicrobial activity in l. virgulata, a temperate/sub-tropical coral of ... | 2007 | 17574467 |
| complex coacervate core micelles with a lysozyme-modified corona. | this paper describes the preparation, characterization, and enzymatic activity of complex coacervate core micelles (c3ms) composed of poly(acrylic acid) (paa) and poly(n-methyl-2-vinyl pyridinium iodide)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (pq2vp-peo) to which the antibacterial enzyme lysozyme is end-attached. c3ms were prepared by polyelectrolyte complex formation between paa and mixtures containing different ratios of aldehyde and hydroxyl end-functionalized pq2vp-peo. this resulted in the formation of c3m ... | 2007 | 17583920 |
| bacterial, fungal and yeast contamination in six brands of irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials. | this study assessed the level of contamination of six commercially available irreversible hydrocolloids (two containing chlorhexidine) and identified the contamination present in the materials. petri dishes containing selective and enriched culture media were inoculated with alginate powder (0.06 g), in triplicate. after incubation (37 degrees c/7 days), the colony-forming units (cfu) were counted and gram stained. biochemical identification of the different morphotypes was also performed. the c ... | 2007 | 17589644 |
| marine algae: screening for a potent antibacterial agent. | this study was done to investigate the antimicrobial potentiality of the marine algae collected from different coastal regions of gujarat and screened for the same. twenty-six marine algae belonging to rhodophyceae, chlorophyceae and phaeophyceae were screened for their potential antibacterial activity against five clinically important bacterial strains, namely bacillus cereus, micrococcus flavus, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae and pseudomonas testosterone. acetone and methanol were ... | 2007 | 17594989 |
| stability of microbial communities in goat milk during a lactation year: molecular approaches. | the microbial communities in milks from one herd were evaluated during 1-year of lactation, using molecular methods to evaluate their stability and the effect of breeding conditions on their composition. the diversity of microbial communities was measured using two approaches: molecular identification by 16s and 18s rdna sequencing of isolates from counting media (two milks), and direct identification using 16s rdna from clone libraries (six milks). the stability of these communities was evaluat ... | 2007 | 17604934 |
| cultivable bacterial diversity of alkaline lonar lake, india. | aerobic, alkaliphilic bacteria were isolated and characterized from water and sediment samples collected in the winter season, january 2002 from alkaline lonar lake, india, having ph 10.5. the total number of microorganisms in the sediment and water samples was found to be 10(2)-10(6) cfu g(-1) and 10(2)-10(4) cfu ml(-1), respectively. one hundred and ninety-six strains were isolated using different enrichment media. to study the bacterial diversity of lonar lake and to select the bacterial stra ... | 2008 | 17604989 |
| a toll receptor from manduca sexta is in response to escherichia coli infection. | genomic and cdna sequences of a toll receptor were cloned from the tobacco hornworm, manduca sexta. m. sexta toll (mstoll) gene contains six introns and seven exons. the full-length cdna of mstoll is 3495 bp with an open reading frame of 2892 bp, which encodes a protein of 963 amino acids. mstoll is a typical single-pass transmembrane protein containing characteristic domain architecture of toll and toll-like receptors, including an extracellular domain composing of leucine-rich repeats (lrrs) a ... | 2008 | 17606296 |
| nmr structure of mussel mytilin, and antiviral-antibacterial activities of derived synthetic peptides. | mytilin is a 34-residue antibacterial peptide from the mussel mytilus galloprovincialis, which in addition possesses in vitro antiviral activity. the three-dimensional solution structure of the synthetic mytilin was established by using 1h nmr and consists of the common cysteine-stabilized alphabeta motif close to the one observed in the mussel defensin mgd-1. mytilin is characterized by 8 cysteines engaged in four disulfide bonds (2-27, 6-29, 10-31, and 15-34) only involving the beta-strand ii. ... | 2008 | 17628674 |
| residual antibacterial activity of chlorhexidine digluconate and camphorated p-monochlorophenol in calcium hydroxide-based root canal dressings. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the residual antibacterial activity of several calcium hydroxide [ca(oh)2]-based pastes, placed in root canals of dogs' teeth with induced chronic periapical lesions. root canals were instrumented with the profile rotary system and filled with 4 pastes: g1 (n=16): ca(oh)2 paste + anesthetic solution; g2 (n=20): calen paste + camphorated p-monochlorophenol (cmcp); g3 (n=18): calen; and g4 (n=18): ca(oh)2 paste + 2% chlorhexidine digluconate. after 21 days ... | 2007 | 17639193 |
| bacterial contamination of water in dental unit reservoirs. | the aim of this study was bacteriological assessment of water in dental unit reservoirs--concentration and composition of the aerobe and facultative anaerobe bacterial microflora. reservoir water samples were taken from 25 units. bacterial flora were determined with the plate culture method. bacteria were identified with biochemical microtests: api 20e, api 20ne (biomérieux, france) and gp2 microplatetm (biolog, usa). the concentration of total bacteria isolated from one site was 201,039 cfu/ml, ... | 2007 | 17655191 |
| a rapid and accurate 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide colorimetric assay for quantification of bacteriocins with nisin as an example. | the objective of this study is to propose a more accurate and faster mtt [3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] colorimetric assay (mca) for quantitative measurement of polypeptide bacteriocins in solutions with nisin as an example. after an initial incubation of nisin and indicator bacterium micrococcus luteus ncib 8166 in tubes, mtt was added for another incubation period. after that, nisin was quantified by estimating the number of viable bacteria based on measuring ... | 2007 | 17657855 |
| [lignite microorganisms]. | the first demonstration that samples of lignite at a depth of 10 m are considerably enriched in bacteria is reported. according to direct microscopy, the abundance of bacteria was about 10(7) cells/g. about 70% of cells had intact cell membranes and small size, which points to their anabiotic state. the fungal mycelium length was no more than 1 m. lignite inoculation onto solid glucose-yeast-peptone medium allowed as to isolate bacteria of the genera bacillus, rhodococcus, arthrobacter, micrococ ... | 2007 | 17668464 |
| effect of fenton's treatment on the biodegradability of chromium-complex azo dyes. | pretreatment of an acid dyebath effluent bearing a new generation chromium complex azo dyestuff (c0 = 350 mg/l) with fenton's reagent was investigated. preliminary optimisation (baseline) experiments were conducted to determine the fe2+, h2o2 concentrations and ph required to the highest possible cod and colour removals. kinetic studies were carried out at varying temperatures (20 degrees c < t < 70 degrees c) to establish a relationship between cod abatement and h2o2 consumption. the activation ... | 2007 | 17674835 |
| potential of hexadecane-utilizing soil-microorganisms for growth on hexadecanol, hexadecanal and hexadecanoic acid as sole sources of carbon and energy. | bacteria and fungi in pristine and oily desert soil samples were counted on inorganic medium aliquots containing 0.5% hexadecane, hexadecanol, hexadecanal or hexadecanoic acid, as sole sources of carbon and energy. it was found that the carbon and energy source most commonly utilized by soil bacteria was the alkane n-hexadecane, and by soil fungi hexadecanoic acid. representative microorganisms were isolated and identified. the most predominant bacteria in all soil samples belonged to the genera ... | 2008 | 17675208 |
| broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of the reactive compounds generated in vitro by manduca sexta phenoloxidase. | although quinone production and melanin formation are widely recognized as an integral part of the insect defense system, experimental evidence is lacking that the proteolytic activation of prophenoloxidase participates in the direct killing of invading microbes-active phenoloxidase generates quinones that polymerize to form melanin. here, we report the antimicrobial effect of reactive intermediates produced in phenoloxidase-catalyzed reactions. after being treated with manduca sexta phenoloxida ... | 2007 | 17681234 |
| micrococcal botryomycosis of the left temporal region. | botryomycosis arises from chronic infections produced by low-virulence organisms in an altered host environment. staphylococci have been the most common organisms implicated, but various other bacteria have also been identified in human botryomycosis lesions. the relative balance between the host's resistance and the microorganism's virulence may be altered in some way that perpetuates the growth of the lesions in a symbiotic fashion. the diagnosis of botryomycosis is one that is often easily ov ... | 2007 | 17687177 |
| iron-dependent growth of and siderophore production by two heterotrophic bacteria isolated from brackish water of the southern baltic sea. | iron is indispensable to the growth and metabolism of all marine organisms, including bacteria. in this work, we investigated and compared the influence of iron(iii) concentration on the growth of and siderophore production by two heterotrophic bacteria--micrococcus luteus and bacillus silvestris. our results showed that the iron concentration strongly influences the growth of both species. the growth curves were different for each iron concentration and each strain. m. luteus grew more rapidly ... | 2009 | 17689229 |
| cdna cloning and tissue expression of plasma lysozyme in the eastern oyster, crassostrea virginica. | the cdna sequence of a 17,861 da lysozyme first purified from plasma of eastern oysters (crassostrea virginica) was identified and its complete amino acid sequence deduced. the amino acid sequence of the plasma lysozyme, designated cv-lysozyme 1, contained both a unique and a conserved region when compared to the amino acid sequences of other bivalve lysozymes. in situ hybridisation located cv-lysozyme 1 gene expression in mantle and gill cells in standard histological sections. quantitative rea ... | 2007 | 17703954 |
| alkaliphilic and halophilic hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria from kuwaiti coasts of the arabian gulf. | green animate materials from the intertidal zone of the arabian gulf coast accommodated more alkaliphilic and halophilic bacteria than inanimate materials. the alkaliphilic oil-utilizing bacteria, as identified by their 16s ribonucleic acid sequences, belonged to the following genera arranged in decreasing frequences: marinobacter, micrococcus, dietzia, bacillus, oceanobacillus, and citricoccus. the halophilic oil-utilizing bacteria belonged to the genera: marinobacter, georgenia, microbacterium ... | 2007 | 17710391 |
| isolation and characterization of dibenzofuran-degrading serratia marcescens from alkalophilic bacterial consortium of the chemostat. | alkalophilic bacterial consortium developed by continuous enrichment in the chemostat in presence of 4-chlorosalicylic acid as sole source of carbon and energy contained six bacterial strains, micrococcus luteus (csa101), deinococcus radiothilus (csa102), csa103 (burkholderia gladioli), alloiococcus otilis (csa104), micrococcus diversus (csa105), micrococcus luteus (csa106), identified by the biolog test method. the strains were tested for utilization of organic compounds in which one of the str ... | 2007 | 17710482 |
| validation of erythromycin microbiological assay using an alternative experimental design. | the agar diffusion method, widely used in antibiotic dosage, relates the diameter of the inhibition zone to the dose of the substance assayed. an experimental plan is proposed that may provide better results and an indication of the assay validity. the symmetric or balanced assays (2 x 2) as well as those with interpolation in standard curve (5 x 1) are the main designs used in the dosage of antibiotics. this study proposes an alternative experimental design for erythromycin microbiological assa ... | 2007 | 17760348 |
| development of a method for the detection of beta-lactamases in milk samples. | with the rapid growth of the dairy industry and the establishment of strict antimicrobial residue limits in the people's republic of china's (prc) milk supply, a beta-lactamase product known as "antimicrobial destroyer" was introduced into dairy production without regulatory review. we developed a method for detecting this product in milk samples based on a modified cylinder plate method. the presence of beta-lactamase is defined as a difference between the inhibitory zones of the test samples ( ... | 2007 | 17760351 |
| molecular characterization of goose-type lysozyme homologue of large yellow croaker and its involvement in immune response induced by trivalent bacterial vaccine as an acute-phase protein. | lysozyme acts as an innate immunity molecule against the invasion of bacterial pathogens. here, the cdna of a goose-type lysozyme (g-lysozyme) was cloned from large yellow croaker (pseudosciana crocea) by expressed sequence tags (est) and race-pcr techniques. the full-length cdna of large yellow croaker g-lysozyme (lycgl) is 716 nucleotides (nt) encoding a protein of 193 amino acids (aa), with a theoretical molecular weight of 21.3kda. the deduced lycgl possessed the typical structural features ... | 2007 | 17850883 |
| the flagellar muramidase from the photosynthetic bacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides. | we have characterized open reading frame rsp0072, which is located within the flgg operon in rhodobacter sphaeroides. the amino acid sequence analysis of this gene product showed the presence of a soluble lytic transglycosylase domain. the deletion of the n-terminal region (90 amino acids) of the product of rsp0072 yields a leaky nonmotile phenotype, as determined by swarm assays in soft agar. electron micrographs revealed the lack of flagella in mutant cells. the purified wild-type protein show ... | 2007 | 17873041 |
| antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of basilicum polystachyon (l) moench. | phenolic extract of leaves of basilicum polystachyon (l) moench was tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against five bacteria (escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, bacillus subtilis, micrococcus leuteus) and three fungi (fusarium oxysporum, aspergillus niger, helminthosporium oryzae). efficacy of organic solvents, methanol and ethanol, as agents for extraction was compared with acidic water (2m; hcl). high-pressure liquid chromatographic (hplc) data showed that ... | 2007 | 17877153 |
| hederyne a, a new antimicrobial polyacetylene from galls of hedera rhombea bean. | a new c(17)-polyacetylene, named hederyne a (1), has been isolated from the meoh extract of galls of hedera rhombea bean (araliaceae), together with two known polyacetylenes, falcarindiol (2) and 11,12-dehydrofalcarinol (3). the structure elucidation of 1 was achieved by nmr, ms, ir, and uv spectroscopy. hederyne a (1) was a new c(17)-diacetylene containing 1,3-propanediol and exhibited selective antimicrobial activity against micrococus luteus. | 2007 | 17885841 |
| ionogenic groups in the active site of lysostaphin. kinetic and thermodynamic data compared with x-ray crystallographic data. | the active site of lysostaphin is shown to contain a residue of glutamic acid. as judged by a pk value of 9.2 (with pentaglycine bridges in peptidoglycan of staphylococci as a substrate), another ionogenic residue could be the epsilon-amino group of a lysine. however, the ph value near a negatively charged cell is supposed to be strongly shifted to acidity as compared to the ph of the solution volume. this shifts the enzyme ph dependence curve in solution to alkalinity. therefore, the other grou ... | 2007 | 17922658 |
| clinical significance of potential contaminants in blood cultures among patients in a medical center. | blood culture is important for the diagnosis of sepsis, but it is sometimes difficult to differentiate true bacteremia from pseudobacteremia. this study proposed clinical criteria and evaluated the role of repeat blood cultures in assessing the clinical significance of potential contaminants in blood cultures (pcbcs). | 2007 | 17932605 |
| the toxicity study on marine low-temperature lysozyme. | marine low-temperature lysozyme is purified from a marine bacterium. the lysozyme can keep high activity at low-temperature and has broad-spectrum antibiotic reaction. this study was undertaken to investigate the major characteristics, acute and subchronic toxicity of marine low-temperature lysozyme. the relative molecular weight of this lysozyme was determined as approximate 16 kd; its optimum ph value and temperature towards micrococcus lysodleikticus were ph 6.5 and 35 degrees c, respectively ... | 2008 | 17935850 |
| [phylogenetic diversity of culturable bacteria in the ancient salt deposits of the yipinglang salt mine, p. r. china]. | the microbial diversity of cultivable bacteria, isolated from the ancient salt deposits from the yipinglang salt mine (ypl) in the yunnan province, p. r. china,was investigated by using conventional culture-dependent method and phylogenetic analyses based on 16s rrna gene sequence comparisons. 38 bacteria strains were isolated from the brine, halite and saline soil samples on mba (marine broth agar 2216, difco) and isp 2 (international streotomyces project medium 2) media supplemented with 0.5-3 ... | 2007 | 17944352 |
| treatment of industrial wastewater using photooxidation and bioaugmentation technology. | the versatile metabolism of microorganisms has an played important role in the biodegradation of recalcitrant toxic compounds entering into the natural environment. the biodegradability of organics can be enhanced using bioaugmentation and advanced oxidation processes (aop) for aerobic/anaerobic treatment programs. wastewater from a bulk drug (cresol) plant had high levels of tds, cod and bod, whilst the levels from a pigment plant low. both contained organics difficult to degrade. aop using hyd ... | 2007 | 17951875 |
| bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances from campylobacter spp. | twenty-five campylobacter isolates were screened for production of antimicrobial substances using a deferred antagonism assay. sixteen isolates showed activity against either staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis or candida albicans. the inhibitory activity was sensitive to treatment with pronase e, trypsin and pepsin, suggesting that the antimicrobial compound(s) are proteinaceous. activity spectra of isolates included s. aureus, micrococcus luteus, streptococcus sp., b ... | 2008 | 17955339 |
| screening and isolation of phb-producing bacteria in a polluted marine microbial mat. | the characteristics of microbial mats within the waste stream from a seafood cannery were compared to a microbial community at a pristine site near a sandy beach at puerto san carlos, baja california sur, mexico. isolation of poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (phb)-producing bacteria, recognition of brightly refractile cytoplasmatic inclusions, lipophilic stains with sudan black and nile red, and chemical extraction of phb were used as a culture-dependent strategy for the detection of phb-producing bact ... | 2008 | 17965957 |
| isolates identification and characteristics of microorganisms in biotrickling filter and biofilter system treating h2s and nh3. | a combination system of biotrickling filter (btf) and biofilter (bf), adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant-modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat h2s and nh3 simultaneously. the identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by biolog system. the isolates were identified as bacillus sphaericus, geobacillus themoglucosidasius (55 degrees c) and micrococcus luteus (atcc 9341) in btf, a ... | 2007 | 17966875 |
| verification of elicitor efficacy of lipopolysaccharides and peptidoglycans on antibacterial peptide gene expression in bombyx mori. | we verified the efficacy of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in activating the cecropin b gene (cecb) in an immune-competent bombyx mori cell line. strong activation of cecb by the lpss from escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and salmonella minnesota were completely eliminated after digestion of the lpss with muramidase. the results clearly indicate that a polymer form of pgn in the lpss elicited cecb. an oligonucleotide microarray screen revealed that none of the 16,000 genes on the array were a ... | 2007 | 17967352 |
| 13,15-n-cycloimide derivatives of chlorin p6 with isonicotinyl substituent are photosensitizers targeted to lysosomes. | four monocationic cycloimide derivatives of chlorin p(6) (cicd) were studied as photosensitizers and compared to a structurally similar neutral derivative. cationic cicd are highly photostable (quantum yield of photobleaching is about 1 x 10(-5), generate singlet oxygen under irradiation (quantum yields are 0.3-0.45), can be involved in a photo-induced substrate-dependent generation of superoxide radicals, but do not produce oh . 17,18-delta-lacton 13(2)-(n-methylisonicotinylamido)-13,15-cycloim ... | 2007 | 17973051 |
| characterization of mucosal biofilms on human adenoid tissues. | to demonstrate the presence of mucosal biofilm in adenoid tissue using double staining for visualization of both the bacterial matrix and the bacterial cells. to identify bacterial species present on the surface of the studied adenoids. | 2008 | 17975509 |
| a study of natural attenuation processes involved in a microcosm model of a crude oil-impacted wetland sediment in the niger delta. | sediment sample from a previously impacted ochani stream was recreated in four glass chambers (a-d) as microcosms. the aim was to model and compare natural attenuation processes to forced aeration for remediation of a crude oil-impacted ecosystem. the initial hydrocarbon concentration was 90,212 mg/kg of sediment. after 60 days, the natural attenuation processes of photooxidation, evaporation, volatilization and biodegradation accounted for 31.9% of the total hydrocarbon removed while 13% was at ... | 2008 | 17988860 |
| inducible antibacterial response of scorpion venom gland. | innate immunity is the first line defense of multicellular organisms that rapidly operates to limit aggression upon exposure to pathogen microorganisms. although the existence of some antibacterial peptides in scorpion venoms suggests that venom gland could be protected by these effector molecules, antibacterial activity of venom itself has not been assessed. in this study, we reported the antibacterial activity of the venom of chinese scorpion buthus martensii. protease k digestion test indicat ... | 2007 | 18023929 |
| bioprospecting highly diverse endophytic pestalotiopsis spp. with antibacterial properties from maytenus ilicifolia, a medicinal plant from brazil. | thirteen endophytic fungal strains of the genus pestalotiopsis were isolated from the medicinal plant maytenus ilicifolia mart. ex. reiss (commonly known as "espinheira santa") and their antimicrobial properties were investigated. two isolates were successful in inhibiting the growth of the tested microorganisms (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa)) using the technique of bioautographic thin-la ... | 2007 | 18026204 |
| microbial development in distillers wet grains produced during fuel ethanol production from corn (zea mays). | distillers grains are coproduced with ethanol and carbon dioxide during the production of fuel ethanol from the dry milling and fermentation of corn grain, yet there is little basic microbiological information on these materials. we undertook a replicated field study of the microbiology of distillers wet grains (dwg) over a 9 day period following their production at an industrial fuel ethanol plant. freshly produced dwg had a ph of about 4.4, a moisture content of about 53.5% (wet mass basis), a ... | 2007 | 18026225 |
| lytic antimicrobial activity of hen egg white lysozyme immobilized to polystyrene beads. | lysozyme [ec 3.2.1.17] was covalently attached to polystyrene resin beads by the sole histidine residue (his-15) through peptide spacers of various lengths. the spacers were amino acid chains composed of 6-aminocaproic acid synthesized with the solid phase peptide synthesis method. immobilized lysozyme with a spacer length of three 6-aminocaproic acid units (2736 u/g resin with a protein load of 2.21 mg/g resin) displayed the greatest degree of hydrolytic activity against lyophilized micrococcus ... | 2007 | 18034730 |
| the geomicrobiology of gold. | microorganisms capable of actively solubilizing and precipitating gold appear to play a larger role in the biogeochemical cycling of gold than previously believed. recent research suggests that bacteria and archaea are involved in every step of the biogeochemical cycle of gold, from the formation of primary mineralization in hydrothermal and deep subsurface systems to its solubilization, dispersion and re-concentration as secondary gold under surface conditions. enzymatically catalysed precipita ... | 2007 | 18043665 |
| antimicrobial activities of the bromophenols from the red alga odonthalia corymbifera and some synthetic derivatives. | a series of bromophenols was obtained by isolation from red alga odonthalia corymbifera and by reactions of bis(hydroxyphenyl)methanes with bromine. new bromophenols including 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromo-2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxydiphenylmethane (10), a regioisomer of the potent antimicrobial natural product, together with known derivatives were synthesized in high yield. all of the isolated and synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial activity against gram-negative, gram-positive bacteria and f ... | 2008 | 18053715 |
| [screening and function analysis of a cyclohexanone-degrading bacterium cn1 from deep sea sediment]. | micrococcu luteus cn1 was found to be able to utilize cyclohexanone well from the strains originally isolated from pacific ocean sediment. the optimum conditions for its growth were determined as 25 degrees c -37 degrees c, ph 8, salinity 6%. it could survive in the medium with high concentration of cyclohexanone ( > 44% v/v), and grew most vigorously in medium with 16.7% (v/v) cyclohexanone. cn1 could transform cyclohexanol to cyclohexanone which could be further degraded and mineralized quickl ... | 2007 | 18062257 |
| [microbial diversity in scorpion intestine (buthus martensii karsch)]. | scorpion is an important officinal animal, and has a high nutritional value. in this study, the culture-independent and culture-dependent methods were used to investigate the microbial diversity in the scorpion's intestine. results based on culture-independent method showed the bacteria to be related to alpha, beta, gamma-proteobacteria. bacteria isolated by the culture-dependent method were high g + c, gram-positive bacteria. the genera enterobacter, serratia and ochrobactrum were detected by b ... | 2007 | 18062268 |
| biosorption of metal and salt tolerant microbial isolates from a former uranium mining area. their impact on changes in rare earth element patterns in acid mine drainage. | the concentration of metals in microbial habitats influenced by mining operations can reach enormous values. worldwide, much emphasis is placed on the research of resistance and biosorptive capacities of microorganisms suitable for bioremediation purposes. using a collection of isolates from a former uranium mining area in eastern thuringia, germany, this study presents three gram-positive bacterial strains with distinct metal tolerances. these strains were identified as members of the genera ba ... | 2007 | 18072248 |
| characterization of antarctic psychrotrophic bacteria with antibacterial activities against terrestrial microorganisms. | five-hundreds and eighty bacterial strains, isolated from various antarctic marine sources and locations, were screened for antimicrobial activity against terrestrial microorganisms. twenty-two antarctic isolates (3.8%), mainly retrieved from the water column at terra nova bay (ross sea), expressed antagonistic activity against one to three indicator organisms. escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis resulted as the more susceptible, followed by micrococcus luteus and bacillus subtilis. none of t ... | 2007 | 18072250 |
| profiling infection responses in the haemocytes of the mosquito, aedes aegypti. | pathogens that infect and/or are transmitted by mosquitoes typically are exposed to the body cavity, and to haemocytes circulating therein, during development or dissemination. aedes aegypti haemocytes produce a range of immune response-related gene products, and an endpoint response of phagocytosis and/or melanization that is temporally and structurally distinct for the invading pathogen. expressed sequence tags were generated from haemocyte libraries and then used to design oligonucleotide mic ... | 2007 | 18093005 |
| effect of ozone and open air factor against aerosolized micrococcus luteus. | because of increased concerns over failures in cleaning, the role of bioaerosols, and the environmental and clinical persistence of pathogens, the evaluation of novel decontaminants is increasingly important. the bactericidal properties of open air factor (oaf; a collection of highly reactive chemical species) were identified in the 1970s; however, the potential practical applications of artificially generated oaf have been considered only recently. in this study, the effects of oaf against micr ... | 2007 | 18095429 |
| lineage-specific transition of histone signatures in the killer cell ig-like receptor locus from hematopoietic progenitor to nk cells. | the clonal distribution and stable expression of killer cell ig-like receptor (kir) genes is epigenetically regulated. to assess the epigenetic changes that occur during hemopoietic development we examined dna methylation and chromatin structure of the kir locus in early hemopoietic progenitor cells and major lymphocyte lineages. in hemopoietic progenitor cells, kir genes exhibited the major hallmarks of epigenetic repression, which are dense dna methylation, inaccessibility of chromatin to micr ... | 2008 | 18097043 |
| micrococcin, an antibacterial substance formed by a strain of micrococcus. | | 1948 | 18123292 |
| action of a parasitic amoeba and the antibiotic of a micrococcus on brucella cultures. | | 1949 | 18151803 |
| immune system responses and fitness costs associated with consumption of bacteria in larvae of trichoplusia ni. | insects helped pioneer, and persist as model organisms for, the study of specific aspects of immunity. although they lack an adaptive immune system, insects possess an innate immune system that recognizes and destroys intruding microorganisms. its operation under natural conditions has not been well studied, as most studies have introduced microbes to laboratory-reared insects via artificial mechanical wounding. one of the most common routes of natural exposure and infection, however, is via foo ... | 2007 | 18154650 |
| environmental conditions affecting exopolysaccharide production by pseudomonas aeruginosa, micrococcus sp., and ochrobactrum sp. | three different chromium-resistant microorganisms (pseudomonas aeruginosa, micrococcus sp., and ochrobactrum sp.) were tested with regard to their eps production at different ph levels, temperatures, cr(vi) concentrations, and incubation periods. the optimum ph level was 7 for p. aeruginosa and micrococcus sp., while it was 8 for ochrobactrum sp. according to the highest eps amount at 100 mg/l cr(vi) concentration. the highest production of epss by the three bacteria was obtained under different ... | 2008 | 18155834 |
| thermodynamics of the binding of cytotoxic protoberberine molecule coralyne to deoxyribonucleic acids. | the binding thermodynamics of the interaction of protoberberine molecule coralyne to various dnas have been investigated. thermodynamic data revealed that the binding was enthalpy driven in gc rich dna and gc polynucleotides while the same was favored by both negative enthalpy and positive entropy changes in the at rich dna and at polymers. parsing the free energy change of the binding in terms of polyelectrolytic and nonpolyelectrolytic contribution showed the involvement of major contributions ... | 2008 | 18157954 |
| uv protective effects of dna repair enzymes and rna lotion. | solar uv radiation is known to cause immune suppression, believed to be a critical factor in cutaneous carcinogenesis. although the mechanism is not entirely understood, dna damage is clearly involved. sunscreens function by attenuating the uv radiation that reaches the epidermis. however, once dna damage ensues, repair mechanisms become essential for prevention of malignant transformation. dna repair enzymes have shown efficacy in reducing cutaneous neoplasms among xeroderma pigmentosum patient ... | 2008 | 18173718 |
| cathepsin l and cystatin b gene expression discriminates immune coelomic cells in the leech theromyzon tessulatum. | previous studies evidenced that cystatin b-like gene is specifically expressed and induced in large circulating coelomic cells following bacterial challenge in the leech theromyzon tessulatum. in order to understand the role of that cysteine proteinase inhibitor during immune response, we investigated the existence of members of cathepsin family. we cloned a cathepsin l-like gene and studied its tissue distribution. immunohistochemical studies using anti-cathepsin l and anti-cystatin b antibodie ... | 2008 | 18177937 |
| charge-directed targeting of antimicrobial protein-nanoparticle conjugates. | use of antimicrobial enzymes covalently attached to nanoparticles is of great interest as an antibiotic-free approach to treat microbial infections. intrinsic properties of nanoparticles can also be used to add functionality to their conjugates with biomolecules. here, we show in a model system that nanoparticle charge can be used to enhance delivery and increase bactericidal activity of an antimicrobial enzyme, lysozyme. hen egg lysozyme was covalently attached to two types of polystyrene latex ... | 2008 | 18183633 |
| development of a microbiological assay to determine the potency of ceftiofur sodium powder. | ceftiofur sodium is a third-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, formulated as an intramuscular injection, that is approved for use in pigs, cattle, poultry, and dogs. the present work reports a method to quantify ceftiofur in powder for injection by comparing the cylinder plate assay and the liquid chromatographic (lc) method. the assay is based on the inhibitory effect of ceftiofur upon the strain of micrococcus luteus atcc 10240 used as the test microorganism. ceftiofur sodium ... | 2007 | 18193752 |
| successful control of aggregation and folding rates during refolding of denatured lysozyme by adding n-methylimidazolium cations with various n'-substituents. | the present study aimed to obtain more effective refolding agents and to understand the influence of their chemical structures on their function as refolding agents. to achieve these aims, we investigated the effects of a large variety of n'-substituted n-methylimidazolium chlorides on the oxidative refolding of lysozyme in a high throughput manner. among the molecules examined, n-methylimidazolium cations with a short n'-alkyl chain, such as an n'-ethyl or n'-butyl chain, significantly enhanced ... | 2008 | 18197673 |
| antibacterial activity of antibacterial cutting boards in household kitchens. | we examined antibacterial cutting boards with antibacterial activity values of either "2" or "4" in compliance with the jis z 2801 standard, and compared their findings with those of cutting boards with no antibacterial activity. these cutting boards were used in ten different households, and we measured changes in the viable cell counts of several types of bacteria with the drop plate method. we also identified the detected bacterial flora and measured the minimum antimicrobial concentrations o ... | 2007 | 18198718 |
| quantitation of bacteria through adsorption of intracellular biomolecules on carbon paste and screen-printed carbon electrodes and voltammetry of redox-active probes. | a new electrochemical method for the quantitation of bacteria that is rapid, inexpensive, and amenable to miniaturization is reported. cyclic voltammetry was used to quantitate m. luteus, c. sporogenes, and e. coli jm105 in exponential and stationary phases, following exposure of screen-printed carbon working electrodes (spces) to lysed culture samples. ferricyanide was used as a probe. the detection limits (3s) were calculated and the dynamic ranges for e. coli (exponential and stationary phase ... | 2008 | 18204833 |
| antimicrobial activity of immobilized lysozyme on plasma-treated polyethylene films. | in this study we tested the antimicrobial activity of polyethylene films modified by means of plasma processes that were followed by the chemical immobilization of lysozyme, an antimicrobial enzyme. to chemically immobilize the enzyme in its active form at the surface of polyethylene, substrates that had been plasma treated under different experimental conditions were soaked in lysozyme solutions at different concentrations. the immobilization of the enzyme was checked, and the antimicrobial act ... | 2008 | 18236671 |
| secreted expression of human lysozyme in the yeast pichia pastoris under the direction of the signal peptide from human serum albumin. | hlm (human lysozyme) has important potential application as a future safely administered human drug and food additive. to produce secreted rhlm (recombinant hlm) from the yeast pichia pastoris, the signal peptide from hsa (human serum albumin) was employed to direct secreted expression. on the basis of the vector ppic3.5k, an overexpression vector, ppic3.5k-hlm, carrying the strong promoter aox1 (aldehyde oxidase 1), the hsa signal peptide, the enterokinase recognition motif, the lysozyme gene a ... | 2008 | 18248331 |
| impact of lux gene insertion on bacterial surface properties and transport. | genetic markers have been in popular use for tracing microbial movement in the environment. however, the impact of genetic marker insertion on microbial surface properties and consequent transport is often ignored. for this research, we investigated the impact of luminescence-based genetic marker insertion on bacterial surface properties and transport. typical gram-positive bacterial strains of lactobacillus casei, streptococcus mitis and micrococcus luteus were used as model bacterial strains i ... | 2008 | 18248797 |
| antimicrobial properties of avian eggshell-specific c-type lectin-like proteins. | c-type lectin-like proteins are major components of the calcified eggshell of multiple avian species. in this study, two representative avian c-type lectin-like proteins, ovocleidin-17 and ansocalcin, were purified from decalcified chicken and goose eggshell protein extracts and investigated for carbohydrate binding activity as well as antimicrobial activity. purified ovocleidin-17 and ansocalcin were found to bind bacterial polysaccharides, and were bactericidal against bacillus subtilis, staph ... | 2008 | 18258195 |
| identification and characterization of two novel lysozymes from rhodnius prolixus, a vector of chagas disease. | lysozymes have been described in invertebrates as digestive or immune molecules. we report here the characterization of two novel c-type lysozymes, rplys-a (eu250274) and rplys-b (eu250275), isolated from the fat body and digestive tract of immune stimulated rhodnius prolixus, a major vector of chagas disease. transcriptional profiles indicate that the temporal and spatial expression patterns of these two peptides are very different. rplys-a is expressed predominantly in the midgut after ingesti ... | 2008 | 18258253 |
| do co-spray dried excipients offer better lysozyme stabilisation than single excipients? | the inherent instability of proteins when isolated from their native conditions creates the necessity of suitable stabilisation techniques. because of the instability of proteins in solution it is often necessary to produce them as solid formulations. a method of producing relatively stable, solid protein pharmaceuticals is to incorporate them with a suitable excipient into an amorphous matrix by dehydration. the use of spray dried multiple excipient/single protein blends was compared to single ... | 2008 | 18262776 |
| evidence for the presence and role of tightly bound adenine nucleotides in phospholipid-free purified micrococcus lysodeikticus adenosine triphosphatase. | [32p]-labeled atpase was isolated in a highly purified state from micrococcus lysodeikticus strain pnb grown in medium supplemented with [32p]orthophosphate. selective extraction procedures allowed us to determine that at least 25% of the firmly bound label belonged to adenine nucleotides, atp and adp being present in equimolar amounts. however, no 32p label was found to be part of phospholipids. this was confirmed by purification of the atpase from cells fed with [2-3h]glycerol. using the lucif ... | 1977 | 18265525 |
| assessment of microbial diversity in effluent treatment plants by culture dependent and culture independent approaches. | microbial community structure of two distinct effluent treatment plants (etps) of pesticide and pharmaceutical industries was assessed and defined by (i) culture dependent and culture independent approaches on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequencing, (ii) diversity index analysis - operational taxonomic units (otus). a total of 38 and 44 bacterial otus having 85-99% similarity with the closest match in the database were detected among pharmaceutical and pesticide sludge samples, respectively. fift ... | 2008 | 18280146 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression of heat shock protein 90 gene in the haemocytes of bay scallop argopecten irradians. | heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) is a highly conserved molecular chaperone that plays key roles in the folding, maintenance of structural integrity and regulation of a subset of cytosolic proteins. in the present study, the cdna of argopecten irradians hsp90 (designated aihsp90) was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race) approaches. the full-length cdna of aihsp90 was of 2669 bp, including an open reading frame (orf) of 2175 bp encoding a polypepti ... | 2008 | 18282767 |
| the effect of various inflammatory agents on the phagocytosis and cytokine profile of mouse and rat macrophages. | the effects of various inflammatory stimuli on the cytokine profile and phagocytic capacity of mouse and rat peritoneal macrophages were investigated in vitro. the correlations between cytokine concentrations and the expressions of nos ii and arginase were also studied. | 2008 | 18288457 |
| nitrate removal efficiency of bacterial consortium (pseudomonas sp. kw1 and bacillus sp. yw4) in synthetic nitrate-rich water. | the efficiency of bacterial isolates to reduce nitrate from synthetic nitrate-rich water was tested using a batch scale process. two efficient nitrate reducing bacterial species were isolated from water samples collected from kodaikanal and yercaud lakes. bacterial analysis of the samples revealed the presence of nitrate reducing bacteria belonging to the genera pseudomonas, bacillus, micrococcus and alcaligenes. among the isolates, the consortium of pseudomonas sp. kw1 and bacillus sp. yw4 was ... | 2008 | 18294766 |
| nmr based structure-activity relationship analysis of an antimicrobial peptide, thanatin, engineered by site-specific chemical modification: activity improvement and spectrum alteration. | activity improvement of an antimicrobial peptide, thanatin, has been achieved up to 4-fold higher than natural original one by site-specific chemical modifications with tert-butyl group at two cysteine residues which form an intramoleular disulfide bridge. the chemically modified thanatin (c11tbu/c18tbu) exhibited improved antimicrobial activity toward gram-positive bacteria, micrococcus luteus, whereas lowered activity toward gram-negative bacteria, escherichia coli. this finding suggests that ... | 2008 | 18294955 |
| synthesis, structure and biological activities of cobalt(ii) and zinc(ii) coordination compounds with 2-benzimidazole derivatives. | in this work we present the synthesis, structural and spectroscopic characterisation of a series of cobalt(ii) and zinc(ii) coordination compounds with benzimidazole (bz) and its 2-benzimidazole derivatives: 2-aminobenzimidazole (2ab), albendazole (abz) and tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine (ntb). the compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, micrococcus luteus, salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris ... | 2008 | 18304644 |
| monitoring microbial populations on wide-body commercial passenger aircraft. | although exposure to bacteria has been assessed in cabin air previously, minimal numbers of samples have been collected in-flight. the purpose of this research was to comprehensively characterize bacterial concentrations in the aircraft cabin. twelve randomly selected flights were sampled on boeing-767 aircraft, each with a flight duration between 4.5 and 6.5 h. n-6 impactors were used to collect sequential, triplicate air samples in the front and rear of coach class during six sampling interval ... | 2008 | 18316352 |
| case of the month. pitted keratolysis. | | 2008 | 18323358 |
| kinetic studies of micrococcus luteus b-p 26 undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase reaction using 3-desmethyl allylic substrate analogs. | in order to investigate the substrate binding feature of undecaprenyl diphosphate synthase from micrococcus luteus b-p 26 with respect to farnesyl diphosphate and a reaction intermediate, (z,e,e)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, we examined the reactivity of artificial substrate analogs, 3-desmethyl farnesyl diphosphate and 3-desmethyl z-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, which lack the methyl group at the 3-position of farnesyl diphosphate and z-geranylgeranyl diphosphate, respectively. undecaprenyl diphos ... | 2008 | 18323637 |
| antibacterial activity of dextran-conjugated lysozyme against escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus in cheese curd. | the purposes of this research were to glycosylate lysozyme with dextran under maillard reaction conditions and assess the antimicrobial characteristics of the lysozyme-dextran conjugate in a culture medium and cheese curd. solutions containing lysozyme and dextran were incubated at 60 degrees c and at 79% relative humidity. gel permeation chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to follow the glycosylation process. under optimum conditions 3.7 mol of ... | 2008 | 18326197 |
| occurrence of resistance to antibiotics, uv-b, and arsenic in bacteria isolated from extreme environments in high-altitude (above 4400 m) andean wetlands. | high-altitude andean wetlands are pristine environments with extreme conditions such as high uv radiation, high heavy metal content (mainly arsenic), high salinity, and oligotrophy. in this paper, the uv-b resistance and tolerance to arsenic of phylogenetically characterized bacteria (actinobacteria [six isolates], firmicutes [four isolates], and gamma-proteobacteria [three isolates]) isolated from laguna vilama (4400-m altitude) and laguna azul (4560 m) were determined. in addition, given that ... | 2008 | 18330637 |
| bovine hemoglobin: an attractive source of antibacterial peptides. | a peptic hemoglobin hydrolysate was fractioned by a semi-preparative reversed-phase hplc and some fractions have an antibacterial activity against four bacteria strains: micrococcus luteus a270, listeria innocua, escherichia coli and salmonella enteritidis. these fractions were analyzed by esi/ms and esi/ms/ms, in order to characterize the peptides in these fractions. each fraction contains at least three peptides and some fractions contain five peptides. all these fractions were purified severa ... | 2008 | 18342399 |
| digestive function of lysozyme in synanthropic acaridid mites enables utilization of bacteria as a food source. | the activity of lysozyme, the enzyme that hydrolyzes peptidoglycan in g(+) bacterial cell walls, was detected in whole mite extracts (wme) and in spent growth medium extracts (sgme) of 14 species of synanthropic mites (acari: acaridida). the adaptation of lysozyme for digestive activity and bacteriophagy was based on: (i) high lysozyme activity in sgme, and (ii) the correlation of maximum lysozyme activity at acidic ph values, corresponding to ph in the ventriculus and caeca. we show that the di ... | 2008 | 18357505 |
| cloth colorization caused by microbial biofilm. | in this study, cloth disfeaturement was investigated biologically. to clarify whether or not microbes can cause cloth disfeaturement, and to identify the microbes causing the disfeaturement, worn cloth samples were incubated on sweat-ingredient agar medium. non-sterilized cloth samples became yellow-colored during incubation, and bacterial strains belonging to the genera bacillus, brevibacterium, kocuria, micrococcus and staphylococcus were isolated from the yellow-colored parts. two major isola ... | 2008 | 18359206 |
| antimicrobial activity of miconia species (melastomataceae). | this work evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the methanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves of miconia cabucu, miconia rubiginosa, and miconia stenostachya using the disc-diffusion method. the results obtained showed that the methanol extracts of the leaves of m. rubiginosa and m. stenostachya and the chloroform extract of the leaves of m. cabucu presented antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. | 2008 | 18361747 |