| novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in tree sparrow, shanghai, china, 2013. | in spring 2013, influenza a(h7n9) virus was isolated from an apparently healthy tree sparrow in chongming dongping national forest park, shanghai city, china. the entire gene constellation of the virus is similar to that of isolates from humans, highlighting the need to monitor influenza a(h7n9) viruses in different species. | 2014 | 24751370 |
| pcr for detection of oseltamivir resistance mutation in influenza a(h7n9) virus. | sensitive molecular techniques are needed for rapid detection of the r292k oseltamivir-resistant mutant of influenza a(h7/n9) virus strain to monitor its transmission and guide antiviral treatment. we developed a real-time reverse transcription pcr and single nucleotide polymorphism probes to differentiate this mutant strain in mixed virus populations in human specimens. | 2014 | 24751348 |
| induction of neutralizing antibodies to influenza a virus h7n9 by inactivated whole virus in mice and nonhuman primates. | we evaluated the immunogenicity of hemagglutinin (ha) in the context of inactivated h7n9/ah/1/13-pr8 whole-virion. at 4weeks after immunization with 15μg ha, mice produced hemagglutination inhibition (hi) titers of 1:192 and neutralizing antibodies of 1:317. aluminum hydroxide (alum), or a booster immunization, or both increased hi to 1:768, 1:384, 1:896 and neutralizing antibodies to 1:1868, 1:2302, 1:10,000, respectively. macaques generated hi of 1:190 or 1:360 and virus neutralizing titers of ... | 2014 | 24746458 |
| first serologic study for influenza a (h7n9) virus among veterinarians in guangdong, china. | | 2014 | 24717773 |
| dynamic change of clinical characteristics in a cured patient with influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | | 2014 | 24709206 |
| association of radiologic findings with mortality in patients with avian influenza h7n9 pneumonia. | the novel h7n9 virus causes severe illness, including pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, with high rates of mortality. we investigated the association of initial radiologic characteristics obtained at admission with clinical outcomes in patients with avian influenza h7n9 pneumonia. | 2014 | 24705783 |
| h7n9: a low pathogenic avian influenza a virus infecting humans. | human infections by the newly reassorted avian influenza a (h7n9) virus were reported for the first time in early 2013, and the virus was confirmed to be a low pathogenic avian influenza virus in poultry. because continuously reported cases have been increasing since the summer of 2013, this novel virus poses a potential threat to public health in china and is attracting broad attention worldwide. in this review, we summarize and discuss the characteristics of the h7n9 virus revealed by the rece ... | 2014 | 24705093 |
| early response to the emergence of influenza a(h7n9) virus in humans in china: the central role of prompt information sharing and public communication. | in 2003, china's handling of the early stages of the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) was heavily criticized and generally considered to be suboptimal. | 2014 | 24700999 |
| comprehensive characterization of serum microrna profile in response to the emerging avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in humans. | a novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus recently occurred in china and caused 137 human infection cases with a 32.8% mortality rate. although various detection procedures have been developed, the pathogenesis of this emerging virus in humans remains largely unknown. in this study, we characterized serum microrna (mirna) profile in response to h7n9 virus infection using taqman low density arrays. upon infection, a total of 395 mirnas were expressed in the serum pool of patients, far beyond ... | 2014 | 24699363 |
| prognosis of 18 h7n9 avian influenza patients in shanghai. | to provide prognosis of an 18 patient cohort who were confirmed to have h7n9 lung infection in shanghai. | 2014 | 24695420 |
| potential geographic distribution of the novel avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus. | in late march 2013, a new avian-origin influenza virus emerged in eastern china. this h7n9 subtype virus has since infected 240 people and killed 60, and has awakened global concern as a potential pandemic threat. ecological niche modeling has seen increasing applications as a useful tool in mapping geographic potential and risk of disease transmission. | 2014 | 24690878 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for the rapid detection of subtype h7n9 avian influenza virus. | a novel influenza a (h7n9) virus has emerged in china. to rapidly detect this virus from clinical samples, we developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) method for the detection of the h7n9 virus. the minimum detection limit of the rt-lamp assay was 0.01 pfu h7n9 virus, making this method 100-fold more sensitive to the detection of the h7n9 virus than conventional rt-pcr. the h7n9 virus rt-lamp assays can efficiently detect different sources of h7n9 influe ... | 2014 | 24689044 |
| epidemiologic characterization of 30 confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in hangzhou, china. | we examined the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 30 cases of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in hangzhou and investigated their external environments to provide evidence for contact tracing and disease prevention and control. | 2014 | 24678603 |
| differences in the pathogenicity and inflammatory responses induced by avian influenza a/h7n9 virus infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 mouse models. | avian influenza a/h7n9 virus infection causes pneumonia in humans with a high case fatality rate. however, virus-induced modulation of immune responses is being recognized increasingly as a factor in the pathogenesis of this disease. in this study, we compared the pathogenicity of a/h7n9 infection in balb/c and c57bl/6 mouse models, and investigated the putative involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in lung injury and viral clearance. in both mouse strains, a/anhui/1/2013(h7n9) infection with ... | 2014 | 24676272 |
| nucleic acid-based detection of influenza a virus subtypes h7 and n9 with a special emphasis on the avian h7n9 virus. | in 2013, a novel influenza a virus of subtype h7n9 was transmitted from avian sources to humans in china, causing severe illness and substantial mortality. rapid and sensitive diagnostic approaches are the basis of epidemiological studies and of utmost importance for the detection of infected humans and animals. we developed various quantitative reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-qpcr) assays for (i) the generic detection of the haemagglutinin (ha) gene of h7 viruses or the neuraminidase (na) gene of ... | 2014 | 24650867 |
| identifying areas with a high risk of human infection with the avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in east asia. | the rapid emergence, spread, and disease severity of avian influenza a (h7n9) in china has prompted concerns about a possible pandemic and regional spread in the coming months. the objective of this study was to predict the risk of future human infections with h7n9 in china and neighboring countries by assessing the association between h7n9 cases at sentinel hospitals and putative agricultural, climatic, and demographic risk factors. | 2014 | 24642206 |
| viral lung infections: epidemiology, virology, clinical features, and management of avian influenza a(h7n9). | the avian influenza a(h7n9) virus has jumped species barrier and caused severe human infections. here, we present the virological features relevant to clinical practice, and summarize the epidemiology, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies of a(h7n9) infection. | 2014 | 24637225 |
| protective immunity to h7n9 influenza viruses elicited by synthetic dna vaccine. | despite an intensive vaccine program influenza infections remain a major health problem, due to the viruses' ability to change its envelope glycoprotein hemagglutinin (ha), through shift and drift, permitting influenza to escape protection induced by current vaccines or natural immunity. recently a new variant, h7n9, has emerged in china causing global concern. first, there have been more than 130 laboratory-confirmed human infections resulting in an alarmingly high death rate (32.3%). second, g ... | 2014 | 24631084 |
| risk assessment of human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in taiwan. | | 2014 | 24630489 |
| hypothesis on the source, transmission and characteristics of infection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus--based on analysis of field epidemiological investigation and gene sequence analysis. | on 31 march 2013, the national health and family planning commission announced that human infections with influenza a (h7n9) virus had occurred in shanghai and anhui provinces, china. h7n9 cases were later detected in jiangsu and zhejiang provinces. it was estimated that the virus first spread northward along the route taken by migratory birds and then spread to neighbouring provinces with the sale of poultry. epidemiological studies were carried out on samples from the external environment of i ... | 2015 | 24628953 |
| cocirculation of three hemagglutinin and two neuraminidase subtypes of avian influenza viruses in huzhou, china, april 2013: implication for the origin of the novel h7n9 virus. | we detected three avian influenza hemagglutinin (ha) subtypes (h7, h9, and h5) and two neuraminidase (na) subtypes (n9 and n2), as well as h7n9-related h9n9 reassortant intermediates, cocirculating among poultry in huzhou, china, during april 2013. the results of our study reveal not only that huzhou is one of the geographic origins of the novel h7n9 virus but also that cocirculation poses a potential threat to humans in the future. | 2014 | 24623437 |
| transmission potential of the novel avian influenza a(h7n9) infection in mainland china. | we propose and analyze a mathematical model to mimic its transmission dynamics to assess the transmission potential of the novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus. by fitting the model to data of the confirmed human cases we estimate the reproduction number for human-to-human transmission as 0.467 (95% ci 0.387-0.651). simulation results indicate that approximate twofold of the current human-to-human transmission rate or periodic outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry may induce an outbreak in huma ... | 2014 | 24607746 |
| rapid adaptation of avian h7n9 virus in pigs. | how the h7n9 avian influenza virus gained the distinct ability to infect humans is unclear. pigs are an important host in influenza virus ecology because they are susceptible to infection with both avian and human influenza viruses and are often involved in interspecies transmission. here, we passaged one avian isolate and one human isolate in pigs to examine the mammalian host adaptation of the h7n9 virus. the avian virus replicated to a high titer after one passage, whereas the human isolate r ... | 2014 | 24606700 |
| laboratory diagnosis of avian influenza virus h7n9 infection in a renal transplant recipient. | a renal transplant recipient who had atypical clinical manifestations, unclear epidemiological exposure history and negative results from influenza virus antigen and nucleic acid amplification in throat swab specimens was admitted into our hospital on april 17, 2013. he was finally diagnosed as avian influenzavirus h7n9 infection. here, we reviewed the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of this patient. we speculated that the specimens should be collected repeatedly at different s ... | 2014 | 24600505 |
| epidemiological and clinical characteristics and risk factors for death of patients with avian influenza a h7n9 virus infection from jiangsu province, eastern china. | a novel avian influenza a (h7n9) virus has caused great morbidity as well as mortality since its emergence in eastern china in february 2013. however, the possible risk factors for death are not yet fully known. | 2014 | 24595034 |
| correlation between reported human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus and cyber user awareness: what can we learn from digital epidemiology? | data on the topic of novel avian influenza a (h7n9) were collected based on the web analysis tool 'baidu index', a major chinese search engine. we found a positive correlation between the volume of h7n9-related 'cyber user awareness' and the epidemic situation during the h7n9 outbreak in china (r=0.98, p<0.01, cumulative; r=0.43, p=0.018, daily) except in the early stage; the ranks of h7n9-related topics changed at different epidemic stages. this study may improve our understanding of the role o ... | 2014 | 24576842 |
| unique reassortant of influenza a(h7n9) virus associated with severe disease emerging in hong kong. | human infections caused by avian influenza virus a(h7n9) re-emerged in late 2013. we reported the first hong kong patient without risk factors for severe a(h7n9) disease. | 2014 | 24576826 |
| role of poultry in the spread of novel h7n9 influenza virus in china. | the recent outbreak of h7n9 influenza in china has resulted in many human cases with a high fatality rate. poultry are the likely source of infection for humans on the basis of sequence analysis and virus isolations from live bird markets, but it is not clear which species of birds are most likely to be infected and shedding levels of virus sufficient to infect humans. intranasal inoculation of chickens, japanese quail, pigeons, pekin ducks, mallard ducks, muscovy ducks, and embden geese with 10 ... | 2014 | 24574407 |
| possible role of songbirds and parakeets in transmission of influenza a(h7n9) virus to humans. | avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) recently emerged in china, causing severe human disease. several subtype h7n9 isolates contain influenza genes previously identified in viruses from finch-like birds. because wild and domestic songbirds interact with humans and poultry, we investigated the susceptibility and transmissibility of subtype h7n9 in these species. finches, sparrows, and parakeets supported replication of a human subtype h7n9 isolate, shed high titers through the oropharyngeal route, and ... | 2014 | 24572739 |
| probable longer incubation period for human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in jiangsu province, china, 2013. | human infection with the emerging avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china in 2013 has raised global concerns. we conducted a retrospective descriptive study of 27 confirmed human influenza a(h7n9) cases in jiangsu province, to elaborate poultry-related exposures and to provide a more precise estimate of the incubation periods of the illness. the median incubation period was 6 days (range 2-10 days) in cases with single known exposure and was 7·5 days (range 6·5-12·5 days) in cases with exposures ... | 2014 | 24569108 |
| an investigational antiviral drug, das181, effectively inhibits replication of zoonotic influenza a virus subtype h7n9 and protects mice from lethality. | human infections caused by avian influenza a virus type subtype h7n9 have been associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. emergence of virus variants carrying markers of decreased susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors was reported. here we show that das181 (fludase), an antiviral drug with sialidase activity, potently inhibited replication of wild-type influenza a(h7n9) and its oseltamivir-resistant r292k variants in mice. a once-daily administration initiated early after lethal i ... | 2014 | 24569063 |
| cross-reactive antibody responses to the novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus in shanghai adults. | | 2014 | 24565924 |
| one family cluster of avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in shandong, china. | the first case of human infection with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus was identified in march, 2013 and the new h7n9 virus infected 134 patients and killed 45 people in china as of september 30, 2013. family clusters with confirmed or suspected the new h7n9 virus infection were previously reported, but the family cluster of h7n9 virus infection in shandong province was first reported. | 2014 | 24559386 |
| possible pandemic threat from new reassortment of influenza a(h7n9) virus in china. | avian influenza a(h7n9) virus re-emerged in china in december 2013, after a decrease in the number of new cases during the preceding six months. reassortment between influenza a(h7n9) and local h9n2 strains has spread from china's south-east coast to other regions. three new reassortments of a(h7n9) virus were identified by phylogenetic analysis: between a(h7n9) and zhejiang-derived strains, guangdong/hong kong-derived strains or hunan-derived a(h9n2) strains. our findings suggest there is a pos ... | 2014 | 24556346 |
| comparison of commercial influenza a virus assays in detecting avian influenza h7n9 among poultry cloacal swabs, china. | avian h7n9 virus emerged in china in february 2013 and has since spread widely among china's poultry, causing numerous human infections. | 2014 | 24529843 |
| identification of amino acid changes that may have been critical for the genesis of a(h7n9) influenza viruses. | novel influenza a viruses of the h7n9 subtype [a(h7n9)] emerged in the spring of 2013 in china and had infected 163 people as of 10 january 2014; 50 of them died of the severe respiratory infection caused by these viruses. phylogenetic studies have indicated that the novel a(h7n9) viruses emerged from reassortment of h7, n9, and h9n2 viruses. inspections of protein sequences from a(h7n9) viruses and their immediate predecessors revealed several amino acid changes in a(h7n9) viruses that may have ... | 2014 | 24522919 |
| laboratory preparedness in eu/eea countries for detection of novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus, may 2013. | | 2014 | 24507469 |
| [a case of report of h7n9 influenza virus infection and review of the literature]. | | 2014 | 24506857 |
| transmissibility of novel h7n9 and h9n2 avian influenza viruses between chickens and ferrets. | previous studies have shown that the h7n9 avian influenza virus cannot be transmitted efficiently between ferrets via respiratory droplets. here, we studied the infectivity of the h7n9 avian influenza virus in chickens and its transmissibility from infected to naïve chickens and ferrets. the h7n9 virus (a/anhui/1/2013) replicated poorly in chickens and could not be transmitted efficiently from infected chickens to naïve chickens and ferrets. h7n9 virus was shed from chicken tracheae for only 2 d ... | 2014 | 24503095 |
| tannins from hamamelis virginiana bark extract: characterization and improvement of the antiviral efficacy against influenza a virus and human papillomavirus. | antiviral activity has been demonstrated for different tannin-rich plant extracts. since tannins of different classes and molecular weights are often found together in plant extracts and may differ in their antiviral activity, we have compared the effect against influenza a virus (iav) of hamamelis virginiana l. bark extract, fractions enriched in tannins of different molecular weights and individual tannins of defined structures, including pseudotannins. we demonstrate antiviral activity of the ... | 2014 | 24498245 |
| the first case of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus occurring in the autumn season, china. | | 2014 | 24485379 |
| radiological features of human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus: a report of three cases. | human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus has emerged in china with high morbidity rates. patients usually present with severe and rapidly progressive pneumonia. therefore, radiological findings are important to diagnose and evaluate disease severity. the clinical characteristics of three new cases of h7n9 virus infection were analyzed, especially the radiological findings, and previously published studies regarding h7n9 virus infection were summarized. ground-glass opacification and are ... | 2014 | 26060749 |
| development of novel allglo-probe-based one-step multiplex qrt-pcr assay for rapid identification of avian influenza virus h7n9. | recently, human deaths have resulted from infection with low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus h7n9 strains that have emerged recently in china. to strengthen h7n9 surveillance and outbreak control, rapid and reliable diagnostic methods are needed. to develop a sensitive quantitative real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid detection of h7n9 viral rna, primers and allglo probes were designed to target the ha and na genes of h7n9. conserved sequences in the ha and na genes were identified by phylogenic ... | 2014 | 24473706 |
| [epidemiological investigation on the first case of human avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in beijing, 2013]. | | 2013 | 24466602 |
| dynamic reassortments and genetic heterogeneity of the human-infecting influenza a (h7n9) virus. | influenza a (h7n9) virus has been causing human infections in china since february 2013, raising serious concerns of potential pandemics. previous studies demonstrate that human infection is directly linked to live animal markets, and that the internal genes of the virus are derived from h9n2 viruses circulating in the yangtze river delta area in eastern china. here following analysis of 109 viruses, we show a much higher genetic heterogeneity of the h7n9 viruses than previously reported, with a ... | 2014 | 24457975 |
| immunogenetics: ethnic differences in sensitivity to h7n9 virus. | | 2014 | 24457478 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in pregnant woman, china, 2013. | | 2014 | 24457138 |
| human antibody responses to avian influenza a(h7n9) virus, 2013. | understanding host antibody response is crucial for predicting disease severity and for vaccine development. we investigated antibody responses against influenza a(h7n9) virus in 48 serum samples from 21 patients, including paired samples from 15 patients. igg against subtype h7 and neutralizing antibodies (nabs) were not detected in acute-phase samples, but elisa geometric mean titers increased in convalescent-phase samples; nab titers were 20-80 (geometric mean titer 40). avidity to igg agains ... | 2014 | 24447423 |
| importance of internet surveillance in public health emergency control and prevention: evidence from a digital epidemiologic study during avian influenza a h7n9 outbreaks. | outbreaks of human infection with a new avian influenza a h7n9 virus occurred in china in the spring of 2013. control and prevention of a new human infectious disease outbreak can be strongly affected by public reaction and social impact through the internet and social media. | 2014 | 24440770 |
| prediction of h7n9 epidemic in china. | in march 2013, human cases of infection with a novel a (h7n9) influenza virus emerged in china. the epidemic spread quickly and as of 6 may 2013, there were 129 confirmed cases. the purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of the confirmed cases, determine the impacts of bird migration and temperature changes on the h7n9 epidemic, predict the future trends of the epidemic, explore the response patterns of the government and propose preventive suggestions. | 2014 | 24438612 |
| serological responses following influenza a(h7n9) virus infection. | | 2014 | 24415788 |
| amino acid substitutions in polymerase basic protein 2 gene contribute to the pathogenicity of the novel a/h7n9 influenza virus in mammalian hosts. | a novel avian-origin influenza a/h7n9 virus emerged in 2013 to cause more than 130 cases of zoonotic human disease, with an overall case fatality rate of around 30% in cases detected. it has been shown that an e-to-k amino acid change at residue 627 of polymerase basic protein 2 (pb2) occurred frequently in the h7n9 isolates obtained from humans but not in viruses isolated from poultry. although this mutation has been reported to confer increased mammalian pathogenicity in other avian influenza ... | 2014 | 24403592 |
| influenza h7n9 and h9n2 viruses: coexistence in poultry linked to human h7n9 infection and genome characteristics. | avian influenza virus a of the novel h7n9 reassortant subtype was recently found to cause severe human respiratory infections in china. live poultry markets were suspected locations of the human h7n9 infection sources, based on the cases' exposure histories and sequence similarities between viral isolates. to explore the role of live poultry markets in the origin of the novel h7n9 virus, we systematically examined poultry and environmental specimens from local markets and farms in hangzhou, usin ... | 2014 | 24403589 |
| preexisting cd8+ t-cell immunity to the h7n9 influenza a virus varies across ethnicities. | the absence of preexisting neutralizing antibodies specific for the novel a (h7n9) influenza virus indicates a lack of prior human exposure. as influenza a virus-specific cd8(+) t lymphocytes (ctls) can be broadly cross-reactive, we tested whether immunogenic peptides derived from h7n9 might be recognized by memory ctls established following infection with other influenza strains. probing across multiple ethnicities, we identified 32 conserved epitopes derived from the nucleoprotein (np) and mat ... | 2014 | 24395804 |
| the pb2 e627k mutation contributes to the high polymerase activity and enhanced replication of h7n9 influenza virus. | human infection by h7n9 influenza virus was first identified in china in march 2013. as of 12 august 2013, a total of 135 documented cases with 44 fatalities had been reported. genetic and laboratory analyses of the novel h7n9 viruses isolated from patients indicate that these viruses possess several polymerase gene mutations previously associated with human adaptation and potential pandemic capabilities. however, the function of these mutations in the emergence and pathogenicity of the viruses ... | 2014 | 24394699 |
| pyrosequencing reveals an oseltamivir-resistant marker in the quasispecies of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus. | prompt diagnosis of an oseltamivir-resistant marker is important for patient management, in particular to prevent the spread of resistant strains in the recent human h7n9 outbreak. we tailored a pyrosequencing assay to reveal neuraminidase r292k, a resistant marker found in one isolate from china, and demonstrated its performance in both sensitivity and specificity. in addition, a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction was applied, which enhanced the detection rate by at least 10-fold. we validat ... | 2015 | 24388586 |
| epidemiologic report and serologic findings for household contacts of three cases of influenza a (h7n9) virus infection. | we conducted epidemiologic investigations and serologic assays on household contacts that were extensively exposed to three influenza a (h7n9) virus infected case-patients before infection-control practices were implemented. | 2014 | 24388209 |
| discovery process, clinical characteristics, and treatment of patients infected with avian influenza virus (h7n9) in shanghai. | | 2014 | 24384446 |
| attitudes, practices and information needs regarding novel influenza a (h7n9) among employees of food production and operation in guangzhou, southern china: a cross-sectional study. | as of 30 may 2013, 132 human infections with avian influenza a (h7n9) had been reported in 10 chinese cities. on 17 may 2013, because a chicken infection with h7 subtype avian influenza virus was detected in guanzhou, guangzhou became the 11th city to conduct emergency response operations. the goal of this study was to identify attitudes, practices and information needs among employees of food production and operation in guangzhou. | 2014 | 24383626 |
| virulence-affecting amino acid changes in the pa protein of h7n9 influenza a viruses. | novel avian-origin influenza a(h7n9) viruses were first reported to infect humans in march 2013. to date, 143 human cases, including 45 deaths, have been recorded. by using sequence comparisons and phylogenetic and ancestral inference analyses, we identified several distinct amino acids in the a(h7n9) polymerase pa protein, some of which may be mammalian adapting. mutant viruses possessing some of these amino acid changes, singly or in combination, were assessed for their polymerase activities a ... | 2014 | 24371069 |
| avian influenza a(h7n9) virus screening in patients with fever and flu-like symptoms in a tertiary hospital in an area with confirmed cases. | novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus was isolated in fatal patients in yangtze river delta of china in march 2013. we aimed to screen the virus in febrile patients in a tertiary hospital in an area with confirmed cases. throat-swab specimens collected from consecutive patients with fever (≥38°c) and flu-like symptoms from april 15 to april 25, 2013 were subjected to detect novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus with real-time pcr. the clinical outcomes in the patients and close contacts were followe ... | 2013 | 24367529 |
| early hypercytokinemia is associated with interferon-induced transmembrane protein-3 dysfunction and predictive of fatal h7n9 infection. | a unique avian-origin a/h7n9 influenza virus has so far caused 134 cases with 44 deaths. probing the host factors contributing to disease severity, we found that lower levels of plasma inflammatory cytokines on hospital admission correlated with faster recovery in 18 patients with a/h7n9 influenza virus, whereas high concentrations of (in particular) il-6, il-8, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β were predictive of a less favorable or fatal outcome. analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage samples ... | 2014 | 24367104 |
| host immunological response and factors associated with clinical outcome in patients with the novel influenza a h7n9 infection. | in march 2013, an influenza outbreak caused by the novel avian-origin h7n9 influenza a virus emerged in eastern china and had caused 43 fatalities by 31 july 2013, although the basis for disease pathogenesis still remains unclear. to assess the immunological and viral factors associated with disease severity, viral rna and inflammatory cytokines were quantified for 18 h7n9 patients in shanghai, china. detailed clinical information was collected and clinical laboratory investigations were perform ... | 2014 | 24350809 |
| emergence of a novel drug resistant h7n9 influenza virus: evidence based clinical potential of a natural ifn-α for infection control and treatment. | the novel avian h7n9 influenza virus has caused more than 130 human infections with 43 deaths (as of september, 2013) in china. because of the lack of existing immunity against h7 subtype influenza viruses in the human population and the absence of a licensed commercial vaccine, antiviral drugs are critical tools for the treatment of infection with this novel h7n9. both m2-ion channel blockers and neuraminidase inhibitors are used as antiviral drugs for influenza infections of humans. the emergi ... | 2014 | 24350808 |
| [the first confirmed pediatric case with h7n9 avian influenza virus infection in china]. | to understand the clinical and epidemiological aspects of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in children. | 2013 | 24330985 |
| effective strategy for managing h7n9 virus infection. | | 2014 | 24323784 |
| [prediction of the b cell epitopes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase of human infected avian influenza a h7n9 virus]. | to predict the b cell epitopes of hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) of human-infected avian influenza a h7n9 virus by bioinformatics software. | 2013 | 24321078 |
| clinical features of three avian influenza h7n9 virus-infected patients in shanghai. | since february 2013, a novel reassortant h7n9 virus associated with human deaths, but no apparent outbreaks in poultry and wild birds has emerged in eastern china. | 2014 | 24308324 |
| h3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin influenza virus constructs protect mice from h7n9 challenge. | the recent outbreak of h7n9 influenza virus infections in humans in china has raised concerns about the pandemic potential of this strain. here, we test the efficacy of h3 stalk-based chimeric hemagglutinin universal influenza virus vaccine constructs to protect against h7n9 challenge in mice. chimeric hemagglutinin constructs protected from viral challenge in the context of different administration routes as well as with a generic oil-in-water adjuvant similar to formulations licensed for use i ... | 2014 | 24307585 |
| spatial and temporal analysis of human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in china, 2013. | descriptive and geographic information system methods were used to depict the spatial and temporal characteristics of the outbreak of human infection with a novel avian influenza a(h7n9) virus in mainland china, the peak of which appeared between 28 march and 18 april 2013. as of 31 may 2013, there was a total of 131 reported human infections in china, with a cumulative mortality of 29% (38/131). the outbreak affected 10 provinces, with 106 of the cases being concentrated in the eastern coastal ... | 2013 | 24300887 |
| expression of functional recombinant hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins from the novel h7n9 influenza virus using the baculovirus expression system. | the baculovirus expression system is a powerful tool for expression of recombinant proteins. here we use it to produce correctly folded and glycosylated versions of the influenza a virus surface glycoproteins - the hemagglutinin (ha) and the neuraminidase (na). as an example, we chose the ha and na proteins expressed by the novel h7n9 virus that recently emerged in china. however the protocol can be easily adapted for ha and na proteins expressed by any other influenza a and b virus strains. rec ... | 2013 | 24300384 |
| [an analysis on ha, na gene/protein evolution and the variability of antigenicity sites of influenza a (h7n9) virus]. | to explore the hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na) gene/protein evolution and the variability of antigenicity sites of influenza a (h7n9) virus. | 2013 | 24300207 |
| bedside chest radiography of novel influenza a (h7n9) virus infections and follow-up findings after short-time treatment. | influenza a (h7n9) virus infections were first observed in china in march 2013. this type virus can cause severe illness and deaths, the situation raises many urgent questions and global public health concerns. our purpose was to investigate bedside chest radiography findings for patients with novel influenza a (h7n9) virus infections and the followup appearances after short-time treatment. | 2013 | 24286403 |
| [influenza]. | yearly epidemics and occasional pandemics with influenza have been observed for several hundred years. during the last pandemic the reported deaths due to confirmed influenza was lower than expected. new epidemiologic analyses demonstrate that the severity has probably been underestimated. in addition, cohort data from severely ill patients support the use of neuraminidase inhibitors in complicated influenza infections. due to the increasing divergence of the two circulation influenza b strains, ... | 2013 | 24281959 |
| surveillance for avian influenza a(h7n9), beijing, china, 2013. | during surveillance for pneumonia of unknown etiology and sentinel hospital-based surveillance in beijing, china, we detected avian influenza a(h7n9) virus infection in 4 persons who had pneumonia, influenza-like illness, or asymptomatic infections. samples from poultry workers, associated poultry environments, and wild birds suggest that this virus might not be present in beijing. | 2013 | 24274700 |
| historical prevalence and distribution of avian influenza virus a(h7n9) among wild birds. | we examined 48 published studies for which sample sizes could be ascertained to determine the historic prevalence of influenza a(h7n9) virus in wild bird populations and reviewed genbank data to further establish its distribution. low prevalence (0.0093%) in asia suggests > 30,000 samples would be required to detect the h7n9 subtype in wild birds. | 2013 | 24274638 |
| laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in humans in nanchang city, china. | | 2013 | 24270153 |
| one-shot vaccination with an insect cell-derived low-dose influenza a h7 virus-like particle preparation protects mice against h7n9 challenge. | human infections with a novel influenza a h7n9 subtype virus were reported in china recently. the virus caused severe disease with high mortality rates and it raised concerns over its pandemic potential. here, we assessed in the mouse model protective efficacy of single immunisations with low vaccine doses of insect cell-derived h7 virus-like particles, consisting of hemagglutinin and matrix protein. vaccinated mice were fully protected and survived a stringent lethal challenge (100 mld50) with ... | 2014 | 24262313 |
| combat with emerging infectious diseases: clinicians should do better. | in the spring of 2013, an emerging infectious disease emerged in china, 132 cases of human were infected with the h7n9 avian influenza virus, 39 cases were resulted in death within 3 month, which sparked a global concern about public health. many reports have been published about this disease, including clinical characteristics and genomic information. however, more emerging infectious disease may infect human in the future. confronted with the escalating scale of compounding probabilities, phys ... | 2013 | 24241178 |
| effective strategy for managing h7n9 virus infection. | | 2014 | 24234400 |
| a novel pyrosequencing assay for the detection of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance-conferring mutations among clinical isolates of avian h7n9 influenza virus. | a novel reassortant avian influenza a virus (h7n9) emerged in humans in eastern china in late february 2013. all virus strains were resistant to adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine), but susceptible to neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) (oseltamivir and zanamivir). one strain (a/shanghai/1/2013) contained the r294k substitution in the neuraminidase (na) gene, indicating resistance to oseltamivir. pyrosequencing has proven to be a useful tool in the surveillance of drug resistance in influenza a ... | 2014 | 24211668 |
| mild illness in avian influenza a(h7n9) virus-infected poultry worker, huzhou, china, april 2013. | during april 2013 in china, mild respiratory symptoms developed in 1/61 workers who had culled influenza a(h7n9) virus-infected poultry. laboratory testing confirmed a(h7n9) infection in the worker and showed that the virus persisted longer in sputum than pharyngeal swab samples. pharyngeal swab samples from the other workers were negative for a(h7n9) virus. | 2013 | 24209963 |
| full genome of influenza a (h7n9) virus derived by direct sequencing without culture. | an epidemic caused by influenza a (h7n9) virus was recently reported in china. deep sequencing revealed the full genome of the virus obtained directly from a patient's sputum without virus culture. the full genome showed substantial sequence heterogeneity and large differences compared with that from embryonated chicken eggs. | 2013 | 24206919 |
| use of national pneumonia surveillance to describe influenza a(h7n9) virus epidemiology, china, 2004-2013. | in mainland china, most avian influenza a(h7n9) cases in the spring of 2013 were reported through the pneumonia of unknown etiology (pue) surveillance system. to understand the role of possible underreporting and surveillance bias in assessing the epidemiology of subtype h7n9 cases and the effect of live-poultry market closures, we examined all pue cases reported from 2004 through may 3, 2013. historically, the pue system was underused, reporting was inconsistent, and pue reporting was biased to ... | 2013 | 24206646 |
| 3d molecular modelling study of the h7n9 rna-dependent rna polymerase as an emerging pharmacological target. | currently not much is known about the h7n9 strain, and this is the major drawback for a scientific strategy to tackle this virus. herein, the 3d complex structure of the h7n9 rna-dependent rna polymerase has been established using a repertoire of molecular modelling techniques including homology modelling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. strikingly, it was found that the oligonucleotide cleft and tunnel in the h7n9 rna-dependent rna polymerase are structurally very similar ... | 2013 | 24187616 |
| effect of closure of live poultry markets on poultry-to-person transmission of avian influenza a h7n9 virus: an ecological study. | transmission of the novel avian influenza a h7n9 virus seems to be predominantly between poultry and people. in the major chinese cities of shanghai, hangzhou, huzhou, and nanjing--where most human cases of infection have occurred--live poultry markets (lpms) were closed in april, 2013, soon after the initial outbreak, as a precautionary public health measure. our objective was to quantify the effect of lpm closure in these cities on poultry-to-person transmission of avian influenza a h7n9 virus ... | 2014 | 24183056 |
| human infection with avian influenza a(h7n9) virus re-emerges in china in winter 2013. | through a national surveillance system for unexplained pneumonia, a severe case of influenza a(h7n9) in a man in his mid-30s was identified in zhejiang province, china on 14 october 2013. epidemiological and clinical findings were consistent with the patterns reported during the outbreak in spring 2013, and laboratory findings showed that the virus had 99.6% identity with earlier h7n9 viruses identified in humans in the spring except for five mutations in the na gene. | 2013 | 24176616 |
| characterization of two distinct neuraminidases from avian-origin human-infecting h7n9 influenza viruses. | an epidemic of an avian-origin h7n9 influenza virus has recently emerged in china, infecting 134 patients of which 45 have died. this is the first time that an influenza virus harboring an n9 serotype neuraminidase (na) has been known to infect humans. h7n9 viruses are divergent and at least two distinct nas and hemagglutinins (has) have been found, respectively, from clinical isolates. the prototypes of these viruses are a/anhui/1/2013 and a/shanghai/1/2013. nas from these two viruses are disti ... | 2013 | 24165891 |
| adaptation of novel h7n9 influenza a virus to human receptors. | the emergence of the novel h7n9 influenza a virus (iav) has caused global concerns about the ability of this virus to spread between humans. analysis of the receptor-binding properties of this virus using a recombinant protein approach in combination with fetuin-binding, glycan array and human tissue-binding assays demonstrates increased binding of h7 to both α2-6 and α2-8 sialosides as well as reduced binding to α2-3-linked sias compared to a closely related avian h7n9 virus from 2008. these di ... | 2013 | 24162312 |
| the emergence of h7n9 viruses: a chance to redefine correlates of protection for influenza virus vaccines. | | 2013 | 24160815 |
| [informations and recommendations of the german respiratory society and the paul-ehrlich-society for chemotherapy concerning the outbreak of influenza a(h7n9) virus infections in humans]. | in march 2013, the first cases of avian influenza virus infections in humans were reported by the authorities of the pr of china to the world health organization. this influenza a(h7n9) virus comprises genes of at least four different avian influenza viruses, some segments mimicking human-like influenza-signatures. until 11 august, 2013 135 humans were infected, 44 (33%) died. the clinical course is characterized by fever, cough, gastrointestinal symptoms, lympho- and thrombopenia as well by the ... | 2013 | 24154847 |
| how will physicians respond to the next influenza pandemic? | the emergence of the h7n9 virus in china is another reminder of the threat of a global influenza pandemic. many believe we could confront a pandemic by expanding our capacity to provide timely supplies of affordable pandemic vaccines and antiviral agents. experience in 2009 demonstrated that this cannot and will not be done. consequently, physicians may have little more to offer their patients than they had in the 1918 pandemic. fortunately, several modern drugs (eg, statins, angiotensin ii rece ... | 2014 | 24145877 |
| a detailed epidemiological and clinical description of 6 human cases of avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus infection in shanghai. | the world's first reported patient infected with avian influenza h7n9 was treated at the fifth people's hospital of shanghai. shortly thereafter, several other cases emerged in the local area. here, we describe the detailed epidemiological and clinical data of 6 cases of avian influenza h7n9. | 2013 | 24143251 |
| the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir is effective against a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) influenza virus in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. | high mortality and uncertainty about the effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors (nais) in humans infected with influenza a(h7n9) viruses are public health concerns. | 2014 | 24133191 |
| vectored expression of the broadly neutralizing antibody fi6 in mouse airway provides partial protection against a new avian influenza a virus, h7n9. | | 2013 | 24132603 |
| surveillance of the first case of human avian influenza a (h7n9) virus in beijing, china. | human infections with avian influenza a (h7n9) virus manifested in china in march 2013. the first case infected with h7n9 virus in beijing involved a family member of a chicken dealer and was reported in april 2013. the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of this case and her parents were examined to illustrate some key traits regarding this novel h7n9 virus. | 2014 | 24129555 |
| laboratory findings in patients with avian-origin influenza a (h7n9) virus infections. | reports describing the laboratory findings associated with human h7n9 infections are limited. in this study, the laboratory findings of 39 patients with confirmed h7n9 infection were analyzed retrospectively. patients were enrolled following admission to the first affiliated hospital, college of medicine, zhejiang university, the primary hospital for the treatment of patients with h7n9 infections in zhejiang province in china between march and april in 2013. hematological abnormalities included ... | 2014 | 24127336 |
| the novel human influenza a(h7n9) virus is naturally adapted to efficient growth in human lung tissue. | a novel influenza a virus (iav) of the h7n9 subtype has been isolated from severely diseased patients with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome and, apparently, from healthy poultry in march 2013 in eastern china. we evaluated replication, tropism, and cytokine induction of the a/anhui/1/2013 (h7n9) virus isolated from a fatal human infection and two low-pathogenic avian h7 subtype viruses in a human lung organ culture system mimicking infection of the lower respiratory tract. the a ... | 2013 | 24105764 |
| external quality assessment for avian influenza a (h7n9) virus detection using armored rna. | an external quality assessment (eqa) program for the molecular detection of avian influenza a (h7n9) virus was implemented by the national center for clinical laboratories (nccl) of china in june 2013. virus-like particles (vlps) that contained full-length rna sequences of the hemagglutinin (ha), neuraminidase (na), matrix protein (mp), and nucleoprotein (np) genes from the h7n9 virus (armored rnas) were constructed. the eqa panel, comprising 6 samples with different concentrations of armored rn ... | 2013 | 24088846 |
| quantifying the fitness advantage of polymerase substitutions in influenza a/h7n9 viruses during adaptation to humans. | adaptation of zoonotic influenza viruses towards efficient human-to-human transmissibility is a substantial public health concern. the recently emerged a/h7n9 influenza viruses in china provide an opportunity for quantitative studies of host-adaptation, as human-adaptive substitutions in the pb2 gene of the virus have been found in all sequenced human strains, while these substitutions have not been detected in any non-human a/h7n9 sequences. given the currently available information, this obser ... | 2013 | 24086684 |