| [thoracoscopic resection for mycobacterium avium complex]. | we report 2 cases of thoracoscopic resection for patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). a 25-year-old female was referred to our hospital because of abnormal shadows in the right lower lung field on chest x-ray. her chest computed tomography (ct) showed that the lesion was localized in the right lower lobe. she was given a diagnosis of mac by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of sputum. thoracoscopic lobectomy was performed after chemotherapy for 10 months. a 64-year-old female was refer ... | 2005 | 15881238 |
| antimycobacterial agents differ with respect to their bacteriostatic versus bactericidal activities in relation to time of exposure, mycobacterial growth phase, and their use in combination. | a number of antimycobacterial agents were evaluated with respect to their bacteriostatic activity (growth inhibition) versus the bactericidal activity against a clinical isolate of mycobacterium avium (mycobacterium avium complex [mac] strain 101) in relation to the time of exposure and the growth phase of the mycobacteria. in terms of growth inhibition the mac in the active phase of growth was susceptible to clarithromycin, ethambutol, rifampin, amikacin, and the quinolones moxifloxacin, ciprof ... | 2005 | 15917538 |
| [clinical application of testing methods on acid-fast bacteria]. | clinical bacteriology pertaining to acid-fast bacteria has made marked advances over the past decade, initiated by the development of a dna probe kit for identification of acid-fast bacteria. wide-spread use of nucleic acid amplification for rapid detection of tubercle bacillus contributed more greatly than any other factor to such advances in this field. at present, 90% of all kits used for nucleic acid amplification in the world are consumed in japan. unfortunately, not a few clinicians in jap ... | 2005 | 15920982 |
| [three sisters of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease]. | we reported three sisters of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. the oldest sister was complaining of bloody sputum, and cultures were positive for m. avium. by monotherapy with clarithromycin, symptom and imaging findings had shown no progression for six years. the second sister was complaining of productive cough, and cultures were positive for m. intracellulare. her symptom and imaging findings had shown no progression for seven years without any treatment. the third sister h ... | 2005 | 15977574 |
| age-related prevalence and distribution of nontuberculous mycobacterial species among patients with cystic fibrosis. | we studied the prevalence and species distribution of nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in relation to age in 385 patients with cystic fibrosis (cf) (mean age +/- standard deviation [range], 12.0 +/- 6.1 [1 to 24] years; sex ratio, 0.53) attending three parisian centers. the overall prevalence of ntm in sputum was 8.1% (31 out of 385). the following ntm were isolated (n = 33): mycobacterium abscessus (n = 13, 39.4%), mycobacterium avium complex (mac) (n = 7, 21.2%), mycobacterium gordonae (n = 6 ... | 2005 | 16000480 |
| interpretive criteria for use of accuprobe for identification of mycobacterium avium complex directly from 7h9 broth cultures. | rapid identification of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is possible by use of accuprobe (gen-probe, san diego, calif.). to evaluate the reliability of the mac accuprobe for testing 7h9 cultures inoculated with broth from mgit cultures positive for acid-fast bacilli or growth on a solid medium, we compared probe results to results obtained by sequencing a portion of the 16s rrna gene. isolates were sequenced if the mac probe result was <100,000 relative light units (rlu) or if it was > or =100, ... | 2005 | 16000482 |
| estimating the frequency of tap-water exposures to mycobacterium avium complex in the u.s. population with advanced aids. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is a group of ubiquitous and opportunistic bacterial pathogens included on the u.s. environmental protection agency drinking water contaminant candidate list. the risk of contracting a disseminated mac infection is primarily limited to the immunocompromised, including those with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). these infections likely result from exposures to mac-contaminated tap water, food, or soil, although the epidemiologic evidence is ins ... | 2005 | 16020190 |
| discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex infection in hiv-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy: observations from a large national cohort in the united states, 1992-2002. | in a large, diverse cohort of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected persons receiving routine care, the proportion of eligible persons who discontinued primary prophylaxis against mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection, according to guidelines of the us public health service and the infectious diseases society of america, increased from 16.7% (in 1996) to 84.9% (in 2002). the discontinuation of primary prophylaxis was not associated with an increased risk of disseminated mac infection ... | 2005 | 16028167 |
| high rates of primary mycobacterium avium complex and pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis in the united states. | national data from the mid-1990s demonstrated that many eligible patients with hiv infection do not receive prophylaxis for opportunistic infections (ois) and that racial and gender disparities existed in oi prophylaxis receipt. | 2005 | 16116306 |
| conventional and molecular epidemiology of macrolide resistance among new mycobacterium avium complex isolates recovered from hiv-infected patients. | we performed a retrospective cohort study of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection during 1997-2004 to assess for factors associated with initial macrolide resistance. of 52 hiv-associated sterile-site mac isolates, 9 (17%) were initially macrolide resistant. prior mac treatment and prolonged mac prophylaxis with macrolides were associated with infection with a macrolide-resistant isolate; 2 (22%) of 9 patients had limited or no prior macrolide ... | 2005 | 16142672 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection in kidney transplant patients. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infections have been reported rarely in renal transplant patients. consequently the clinical course and optimal treatment of these patients are not well understood. we present 3 patients with mac infections after receiving a renal transplant (2 with generalized and 1 with localized infection). all patients were treated with combination antibiotic therapy and reduction of immunosuppression. one patient experienced clinical control of disease but a mild cellular r ... | 2005 | 16150095 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria in patients with bronchiectasis. | non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are ubiquitous environmental organisms. patients with pre-existing lung damage are susceptible to ntm, but their prevalence in bronchiectasis is unknown. distinguishing between lung colonisation and disease can be difficult. | 2005 | 16227333 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome in hiv-infected patients: spectrum of disease and long-term follow-up. | the long-term outcome and spectrum of disease of nontuberculous mycobacterial immune reconstitution syndrome have not been described. | 2005 | 16231262 |
| [frontier of mycobacterium research--host vs. mycobacterium]. | during the past decade, we have observed advance in tuberculosis research including novel vaccines, innate immunity (tlr), snip analysis and molecular mechanism of drug resistance. worldwide genome project enabled the whole genome sequence of host resistant against tuberculosis as well as the whole genome sequence of m. tuberculosis h37rv. dna technology has also provided a great impact on the development of novel vaccine against tb. in this symposium, we have invited leading researchers in the ... | 2005 | 16245793 |
| new mycobacterium avium antifolate shows synergistic effect when used in combination with dihydropteroate synthase inhibitors. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is resistant to trimethoprim, an inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). a previously identified selective inhibitor of mac dhfr, sri-8858, was shown to have synergistic activity in combination with dapsone and sulfamethoxazole, two drugs that inhibit bacterial dihydropteroate synthase. | 2005 | 16251337 |
| combined effects of atp on the therapeutic efficacy of antimicrobial drug regimens against mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice and roles of cytosolic phospholipase a2-dependent mechanisms in the atp-mediated potentiation of antimycobacterial host resistance. | atp, which serves as a mediator of intramacrophage signaling pathways through purinoceptors, is known to potentiate macrophage antimycobacterial activity. in this study we examined the effects of atp in potentiating host resistance to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection in mice undergoing treatment with a drug regimen using clarithromycin and rifamycin and obtained the following findings. first, the administration of atp in combination with the clarithromycin and rifamycin regimen accele ... | 2005 | 16272330 |
| co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium intracellulare in aids. | in the observation of various opportunistic pathogens in hiv-positive persons, co-infection by cryptococcus neoformans together with mycobacterium avium intracellulare was found if there was a cd4 lymphocyte count as low as 3-20 microl. in 1540 hiv-positive patients under treatment at a berlin hospital (auguste-viktoria-krankenhaus) during 1985-1994, all aids-relevant diseases were examined in a multivariate analysis as variables of influence on the manifestation of a systemic mycobacterium aviu ... | 1997 | 16284809 |
| [video assisted thoracic surgery for mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease spread over multiple pulmonary lobe within one lung]. | a 75-year-old woman with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease who had been treated by drug therapy for 7 years was admitted on an emergency basis for hemoptysis. through the previous 7 years, her sputum cultures had been positive for mac, and her clinical symptoms and examinations, such as chest x-ray and computed tomography, revealed that her condition had worsened. the lesions spread over the right middle lobe, segment 3 (s3) in the right upper lobe, and segment 6 (s6) in the ri ... | 2005 | 16285596 |
| non-tuberculous mycobacteria disease as a cause of hospitalization in hiv-infected subjects. | the present study characterized and determined the prevalence of mycobacterial diseases (tuberculosis (tb) and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm)) as a cause of hospitalization among hiv-infected subjects consecutively admitted to a large metropolitan hospital during 2001/2002. | 2006 | 16290202 |
| antimicrobial activity of picolinic acid against extracellular and intracellular mycobacterium avium complex and its combined activity with clarithromycin, rifampicin and fluoroquinolones. | a natural metal ion chelator, picolinic acid (pa), is known to potentiate macrophage antimycobacterial activity. here, we studied the antimicrobial activity of pa against extracellular and intramacrophage mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms. | 2006 | 16303883 |
| emergence of disseminated infections due to nontuberculous mycobacteria in non-hiv-infected patients, including immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients in a university hospital in taiwan. | although disseminated nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) infection has been increasingly reported in patients with aids, this condition is still considered rare in non-hiv-infected patients. | 2006 | 16313964 |
| sentinel-site surveillance of mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | the incidence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease in hiv-negative patients was studied prospectively from january 1, 2000 to december 31, 2002 through 32 sentinel sites distributed all over france. among the 275 patients who yielded mac isolates from respiratory clinical specimens, 101 (36.7%) met the bacteriological, radiographical and clinical criteria established by the american thoracic society for nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory disease. of these 101 patients, 81 ... | 2005 | 16319341 |
| efficacy and outcomes of clarithromycin treatment for pulmonary mac disease. | retrospective review of patients with pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease treated with clarithromycin. | 2005 | 16333938 |
| [a case of hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhalation of mycobacterium avium from a home bath with a circulating water system]. | a 26-year-old man presented with complaints of exertional dyspnea and cough. the patient has already been given corticosteroids at a previous hospital. chest ct revealed small centrilobular nodules with diffuse ground-glass opacities in both lungs. lung biopsy specimens at thoracoscopy revealed non-necrotizing granulomas, patchy foci of mononuclear cell infiltration and fibrous thickening of alveolar septa, and masson's bodies in bronchioles. sputum culture showed the growth of mycobacterium avi ... | 2005 | 16366369 |
| differences in serological responses to specific glycopeptidolipid-core and common lipid antigens in patients with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | disease due to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is one of the most important opportunistic pulmonary infections. since the clinical features of mac pulmonary disease and tuberculosis (tb) resemble each other, and the former is often difficult to treat with chemotherapy, early differential diagnosis is desirable. the humoral immune responses to both diseases were compared by a unique multiple-antigen elisa using mycobacterial species-common and species-specific lipid antigens, including glyc ... | 2006 | 16434712 |
| the two-component regulatory system mtrab is required for morphotypic multidrug resistance in mycobacterium avium. | clinical isolates of the opportunistic pathogen mycobacterium avium complex (mac) undergo a reversible switch between red and white colony morphotypes on agar plates containing the lipoprotein stain congo red. compared to their isogenic red counterparts, white morphotypic variants are more virulent and more resistant to multiple antibiotics. this report shows that the two-component regulatory system mtrab is required for the red-to-white switch as well as for other morphotypic switches of mac. a ... | 2006 | 16436697 |
| [treatment of non-tuberculous pulmonary mycobacteriosis]. | the non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis (ntm) is not a unitary disease. it is a general term for the bronchopulmonary diseases caused by any mycobacterium other than m. tuberculosis. we don't call the pulmonary "pseudomoniosis" for the diffuse bronchiectasis caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa, though conditions of the disease looks like ntm. the name of ntm represents that the causativebacteria belong to the same species with m. tuberculosis which causes serious pulmonary infectious disease. the pulmo ... | 2006 | 16479999 |
| disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a university hospital in taiwan, 1997-2003. | from january 1997 to december 2003, all patients with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) isolation who were treated at a university hospital in taiwan were evaluated. among the 2650 ntm isolates, 1225 (46.2%) were from 412 patients with clinically significant diseases. the annual incidence (per 100000 patients) of disease caused by ntm was 8.96 in 1997, 21.53 in 2002, and 16.55 in 2003. the major types of infections caused by ntm included isolated pulmonary infection and pleurisy (59.5%), skin/s ... | 2006 | 16492317 |
| [clinical studies on the pathogenetic factors of cavitary and nodular bronchiectatic types in pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease]. | we investigated the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings of 273 newly diagnosed cases of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease, who were diagnosed in our hospital during 7 years from january 1996 to december 2002. radiological findings of all cases were classified at the time of diagnosis into 2 patterns, the cavitary (cav) type and the nodular bronchiectasis (nb) type. clinical and laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis of 44 death cases were compared with those of ... | 2006 | 16502859 |
| cloning and characterization of cyp51 from mycobacterium avium. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causes chronic lung disease in immunocompetent people and disseminated infection in patients with aids. mac is intrinsically resistant to many conventional antimycobacterial agents, it develops drug resistance rapidly to macrolide antibiotics, and patients with mac infection experience frequent relapses or the inability to completely eradicate the infection with current treatment. treatment regimens are prolonged and complicated by drug toxicity or intolerances. ... | 2006 | 16543605 |
| diagnostic application of genotypic identification of mycobacteria. | this study evaluated conventional methods, glc and three molecular tests, including 16s rrna sequencing, for the identification of mycobacteria, and the experiences of the authors with the integration of these methods into a diagnostic clinical laboratory were also recorded. of 1067 clinical isolates of mycobacteria identified by conventional tests, 365 were tested by accuprobe hybridization assays and pcrs specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) complex or mycobacterium avium complex (mac ... | 2006 | 16585639 |
| lymphadenitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria in a university hospital in taiwan: predominance of rapidly growing mycobacteria and high recurrence rate. | lymphadenitis is the most common manifestation of infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in otherwise healthy children. this disease is rare in adults and its geographic variations in etiology and clinical manifestations remain unclear. the aim of this study was to describe the etiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of ntm lymphadenitis. | 2005 | 16607446 |
| the ability to form biofilm influences mycobacterium avium invasion and translocation of bronchial epithelial cells. | organisms of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are widely distributed in the environment, form biofilms in water pipes and potable water tanks, and cause chronic lung infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. pathological studies in patients with pulmonary mac infection revealed granulomatous inflammation around bronchi and bronchioles. beas-2b human bronchial epithelial cell line was used to study mac invasion. mac strain a5 entered polarized bea ... | 2006 | 16611229 |
| [clinicoradiological diagnosis of respiratory infections: estimate of pathogens by radiological findings and the strategy for treatment]. | this review discusses the clinicoradiological findings of community-acquired respiratory infections and the treatment strategy for respiratory infections. to make a differential diagnosis between bacterial pneumonia, pneumonia caused by atypical pathogens, and mycobacterial infections, it is very important to analyze the radiological findings of inflammatory lung diseases based on normal antomical structures. if clinicoradiological anlyses could make these differentiations, the appropriate treat ... | 2006 | 16629489 |
| four cases of pulmonary mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule and a review of other cases in japan. | to evaluate clinical findings of patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule in japan caused by pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2006 | 16635091 |
| [swimming pool lung -- extrinsic allergic alveolitis or mycobacterial disease?]. | there have been several recent reports of pulmonary disease resulting from exposure to mycobacterium avium complex in indoor hot tubs. the disease is thought to be due either to infection or extrinsic allergic alveolitis (eaa). in this report we describe the case of a patient who developed episodes of fever, dyspnea and cough 4-6 hours after cleaning his indoor swimming pool. a diagnosis of eaa was made on finding a restrictive lung function pattern with gas exchange abnormalities, a predominant ... | 2006 | 16703482 |
| early pulmonary resection for mycobacterium avium complex lung disease treated with macrolides and quinolones. | the purpose of this study was to examine the postoperative outcomes of patients with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung lesions persisting despite treatment with multiple antibiotics. | 2006 | 16731124 |
| in vitro bactericidal activity of oxazolidinone, rbx 8700 against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex. | rbx 8700, an investigational oxazolidinone, has excellent activity against respiratory pathogens. we evaluated the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and bactericidal activity of rbx 8700 against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) isolates. rbx 8700 had an mic of 1 glg/ml against m. tuberculosis isolates resistant to both isoniazid (inh) and rifampicin (rif), whereas its mic against m. tuberculosis isolates resistant to either inh or rif was 0.5 microg/ ... | 2006 | 16736882 |
| a double-blind randomized study of aminoglycoside infusion with combined therapy for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | a prospective study of the clinical efficacy of an aminoglycoside antibiotic (streptomycin, sm) for the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease was carried out. in a multicenter trial, patients with pulmonary mac disease received protocol-guided combined chemotherapy with or without sm. sm was given to the patients intramuscularly 15 mg/kg three times per week for the initial 3 months and three other antibiotics (rifampicin, ethambutol, and clarithromycin) were added and ... | 2007 | 16750618 |
| change in t-lymphocyte count after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in hiv-infected patients with history of mycobacterium avium complex infection. | to compare changes in cd4+, cd8+ and total lymphocyte counts after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) between hiv-infected patients with and without a recent history of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. | 2006 | 16759051 |
| increased serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in mycobacterium avium complex infection. | pulmonary infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is one of the granulomatous diseases which are associated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). the aim of the present study was to clarify the association of vegf with the pathogenesis of mac infection. | 2006 | 16771909 |
| mycobacterium avium complex with a distinct clinical and iconographic presentation: the lady windermere syndrome. | clinically significant pulmonary disease caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria such as mycobacterium avium complex (mac) usually occurs upon pre-existing lung diseases or immune-deficiency. in 1992, a particular presentation of pulmonary mac, occuring in otherwise healthy middle-aged women, was described with pulmonary consolidations localized in lingula and middle lobe. for this specific, rare condition, the term lady windermere syndrome was introduced. we report a particular case of this synd ... | 2006 | 16792339 |
| clinical and molecular analysis of macrolide resistance in mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | the clinical features and outcome of macrolide-resistant mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease are not known. | 2006 | 16858014 |
| antimicrobial activities of cinnamyl rifamycin derivatives, t-9 and t-11, against mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium avium complex (mac) with special reference to the activities against intracellular mac. | the mycobacterial activities of cinamyl rifamycin derivatives, t-9 and t-11, especially against extracellular and intracellular mycobacterium avium complex residing within macrophages and type ii pneumocytes were compared with those of other rifamycins. the activities of test rifamycins were found to be in the order rifalazil, rifabutin, t-9, t-11, and rifampicin. | 2006 | 16924146 |
| a woman with cough, fever, and micronodular infiltrates on chest radiograph. | hot tub lung is a form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (hp) reported to be associated with exposure to large aerosolized inocula of mycobacterium avium complex (mac). although the pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood, the pathology of mac-related hp can be similar to that of sarcoidosis, with well-formed granulomas. we describe a patient with hp featuring well-formed granulomas on transbronchial biopsy specimens, a finding believed to be unique to mac-related hp, also referred ... | 2006 | 16929884 |
| activity of picolinic acid in combination with the antiprotozoal drug quinacrine against mycobacterium avium complex. | we studied the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of picolinic acid (pa) in combination with the antiprotozoal drug quinacrine against intramacrophage mycobacterium avium complex (mac). quinacrine significantly potentiated the anti-mac activity of pa, suggesting the usefulness of this combination in the clinical control of mac infection. | 2006 | 16940126 |
| relationship between clinical efficacy of treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease and drug-sensitivity testing of mycobacterium avium complex isolates. | we prospectively investigated the relationship between the clinical efficacy of treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease and drug-sensitivity testing of mac isolates for antituberculous drugs, new quinolone antibiotics, and clarithromycin (cam). fifty-two patients who satisfied the diagnostic criteria of the american thoracic society (ats) and who received treatment between april 1998 and december 2005, using combined therapy of rifampicin (rfp), ethambutol (eb), streptom ... | 2006 | 16944258 |
| the microbiological and clinical effects of combined therapy according to guidelines on the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease in japan - including a follow-up study. | the difficulty of treatment for pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in japan. | 2007 | 16954651 |
| mycobacterium colombiense sp. nov., a novel member of the mycobacterium avium complex and description of mac-x as a new its genetic variant. | forty-five mycobacterial strains isolated from 23 colombian hiv-positive patients were identified as members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac) and were characterized using different molecular approaches. seven of the isolates showed characteristic features that allowed them to be differentiated from other members of the complex. the isolates had a novel 16s-23s rrna internal transcribed spacer (its 1) gene sequence which is described as a new sequevar, mac-x. all of the seven novel isolat ... | 2006 | 16957098 |
| chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis as a complication of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex disease. | to investigate the characteristic clinical features of chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (cnpa) as a complication of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. | 2006 | 17052313 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in an immunocompetent pregnant woman. | disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (mac) occurs mainly in immunocompromised hosts, which is associated with abnormal cellular immunity. | 2006 | 17054802 |
| the epidemiology of atypical mycobacterial diseases in northern england: a space-time clustering and generalized linear modelling approach. | the incidence of infection by mycobacteria, other than tubercle bacilli (mott) is increasing in the united kingdom, europe and the united states. these diseases increase morbidity and are an increasing public health concern. however, the epidemiology of disease due to these species is not well characterized. we used space-time clustering approaches and generalized linear modelling to investigate the potential predictors of disease in cases of infection by organisms of the mycobacterium avium com ... | 2007 | 17083748 |
| sibling cases of mycobacterium avium complex disease associated with hematological disease. | a 22-year-old man who was admitted to our respiratory division complaining of fever and cough of 1 month's duration had been diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome 5 years earlier. on admission, radiological findings showed bilateral diffuse small nodular shadows. although the results of an acid-fast bacilli examination of blood, sputum, and urine samples were all negative, we initiated antituberculous therapy for suspected miliary tuberculosis because the histological diagnosis from a bone mar ... | 2006 | 17109096 |
| adjunctive treatment of disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection with interferon alpha-2b in a patient with complete interferon-gamma receptor r1 deficiency. | we report adjunct treatment of (interferon) ifn-alpha2b (intron-a) in a patient with complete interferon-gamma receptor r1 (ifngr1) deficiency suffering from disseminated infection with mycobacterium avium complex (mac) resistant to multiple anti-mycobacterial agents. a low dose of ifn-alpha2b (3 x 10(6) units/m(2) three times weekly subcutaneously) successfully attenuated progressive hepatosplenomegaly and abdominal/retroperitoneal/pelvic lymphadenopathy, although the patient continued to be my ... | 2007 | 17120031 |
| the use of adjuvant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in hiv-related disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) continues to be a challenging problem in some patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection despite the availability of potent chemotherapeutic agents. the use of adjunctive immunomodulatory therapy has shown promise in vitro, but there is currently limited supportive clinical evidence [kemper ca, bermudez le, derenski sc. immunomodulatory treatment of mycobacterium avium complex bacteraemia in patients with aids by use of recombinant granu ... | 2007 | 17197031 |
| nontuberculous mycobacterial infections in king chulalongkorn memorial hospital. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) can cause infections in both human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected and hiv-noninfected patients. the incidence of ntm infections has been increasing since the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemics. however, the epidemiologic and clinical data of ntm infections in thailand are limited. | 2006 | 17214054 |
| [bacteriological and pathological analysis on the pathogenetic factors for cavitary and nodular bronchiectatic type of pulmonary mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex disease]. | a total of 101 strains of mycobacterium avium complex (mac), consisting of 86 m. avium and 15 m. intracellulare strains, were examined by dna sequencing. the frequency of radiological types [cavitary (cav) type and nodular bronchiectatic (nb) type] was similar in each species, thus, both species are equal causes of the two radiological types of mac disease. we also examined serovars of the isolated strains using extracted glycopeptidelipid antigens and thin layer chromatography. cav type patient ... | 2006 | 17228801 |
| serological test and chest computed tomography findings in patients with mycobacterium avium complex lung disease. | the present authors have previously reported the usefulness of a serodiagnostic test to detect serum glycopeptidolipid (gpl) core antibody in diagnosing mycobacterium avium complex (mac) lung disease in immunocompetent patients. the aim of the present study was to investigate correlations between the levels of antibody against gpl core and chest computed tomography (cct) findings in patients with mac lung disease. a total of 47 patients with mac-positive culture from their sputum and who had rad ... | 2007 | 17251234 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and mycobacterium avium subsp. avium infections in a tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) herd. | between 2 august and 22 september 2000, 37 hunter-killed tule elk (cervus elaphus nannodes) were evaluated at the grizzly island wildlife area, california, usa, for evidence of paratuberculosis. elk were examined post-mortem, and tissue and fecal samples were submitted for radiometric mycobacterial culture. acid-fast isolates were identified by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that discriminates among members of the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). histopathologic evaluations were c ... | 2006 | 17255437 |
| effects of picolinic acid on the antimicrobial functions of host macrophages against mycobacterium avium complex. | picolinic acid (pa) potentiates macrophage (mphi) antimicrobial activity against intracellular mycobacterium avium complex (mac). here, we studied the mechanisms of this phenomenon using human thp-1 mphis. first, when pa-treated mac-infected mphis were cultured in the presence or absence of reactive oxygen intermediate (roi) scavengers, nitric oxide synthase (nos) inhibitors or phospholipase a(2) (pla(2)) inhibitors, none of these agents blocked the activity of pa in potentiating mphi anti-mac a ... | 2007 | 17296287 |
| usefulness of bronchoscopic microsampling to detect the pathogenic bacteria of respiratory infection. | bronchoscopic microsampling (bms) is a method in which a device consisting of a wire with a polyester probe at the tip is used to collect bronchial epithelial lining fluid with bronchoscopy. in this study, we bacteriologically investigated sample collection using bms to incorporate bms into diagnosis of respiratory infection. | 2007 | 17296650 |
| edp-420, a bicyclolide (bridged bicyclic macrolide), is active against mycobacterium avium. | infection caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is common in patients with immunosuppression, such as aids, and deficiencies of gamma interferon and interleukin-12, as well as patients with chronic lung diseases. treatment of mac disease is limited since few drugs show in vivo activity. we tested a new bridged bicyclic macrolide, edp-420, against mac in vitro and in beige mice. edp-420 was inhibitory in vitro at a concentration ranging from 2 to 8 microg/ml (mic(50) of 4 microg/ml and mic( ... | 2007 | 17296742 |
| radiological findings of mycobacterial diseases. | the diagnosis and treatment of mycobacterial diseases are very important clinical issues. among mycobacterial diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. pulmonary tuberculosis demonstrates a variety of clinical and radiological features. in addition, the prevalence of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) has increased, especially in elderly women without underlying diseases. clinically, there is a significant difference between tuber ... | 2007 | 17334723 |
| portal hypertension and granulomatous liver disease in a lung transplant recipient due to disseminated atypical mycobacterial infection. | the incidence of atypical mycobacterial infection among solid organ transplant recipients is increasing. while lung transplant recipients in particular are at greater risk of atypical mycobacterial infection than other solid organ transplant recipients, it is typically confined to the lung and disseminated infection remains quite rare. we describe a case of disseminated mycobacterium avium-complex (mac) in a lung transplant recipient presenting as granulomatous liver disease with signs of portal ... | 2007 | 17359513 |
| ct findings of granulomatous pneumonitis secondary to mycobacterium avium-intracellulare inhalation: "hot tub lung". | the objective of our study was to describe the ct features of "hot tub lung" caused by exposure to mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms in contaminated water. | 2007 | 17377045 |
| rifabutin-induced hypopyon uveitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome infected with mycobacterium avium complex. | rifabutin is a semi-synthetic antimycobacterial agent mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients. uveitis as a side effect of rifabutin has been recognized and established since 1994, but there was no case previously described in taiwan so far. we report 2 cases of rifabutin-induced hypopyon uveitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus and mac infection. both patients received the regimen of clarithrom ... | 2007 | 17389160 |
| [mycobacterium avium pneumonia in an hiv negative patient]. | a 79-year-old patient was admitted with fever and shortness of breath. his medical history included treatment for lung cancer 3 years previously. the patient's clinical and radiological status remained unchanged despite antibiotic treatment for pneumonia. no infectious pathogen could be identified. treatment with systemic steroids for suspected cryptogenic organizing pneumonitis (cop) was started. following steroid treatment the patient's shortness of breath ameliorated and c-reactive protein wa ... | 2007 | 17393131 |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease, acid suppression, and mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | weekly symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd) occur in 20% of the population, and gerd has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many respiratory diseases. microaspiration of contaminated water is a potential portal of entry for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms into the respiratory tract, and acid-suppression therapy may enhance the survival of mycobacteria in the stomach. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of gerd, swallowing disorders, reflux symptoms, and aci ... | 2007 | 17426224 |
| mycobacterium avium in the postgenomic era. | the past several years have witnessed an upsurge of genomic data pertaining to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). despite clear advances, problems with the detection of mac persist, spanning the tests that can be used, samples required for their validation, and the use of appropriate nomenclature. additionally, the amount of genomic variability documented to date greatly outstrips the functional understanding of epidemiologically different subsets of the organism. in this review, we discuss ... | 2007 | 17428883 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection: association with nramp1 polymorphisms. | the present study aimed to elucidate risk factors for nonimmunocompromised pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. epidemiological data and variations of candidate genes for mycobacterial diseases were analysed in 111 patients with pulmonary mac infection. four polymorphisms of the human natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (nramp)1 gene, the 5'(gt)n, 469+14 g/c, d543n and the 3'untranslated region (3'tgtg) insertion/deletion, were genotyped using pcr-based methods. fo ... | 2007 | 17459898 |
| [mycobacteria-hiv/aids association in patients attending a teaching-hospital in bogotá, colombia]. | evaluating the frequency of mycobacterium infection in an hiv-positive population and its influence on medium-term survival, along with clinical and epidemiological factors associated with co-infection. | 2007 | 17502967 |
| palatial erosion caused by mycobacterium avium complex in a human immunodeficiency virus infected child. | oral manifestations of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) are rare and have only been described in adults. here we report a 10-year-old female with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection, who presented with disseminated mac and an erosive left palate defect. | 2007 | 17529878 |
| mutation in the rpob gene of the rifampicin resistant m. avium complex strains from thailand. | forms of mutation never before described in the rpob gene are reported for a sample of 20 rifampicin-resistant mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from aids patients in thailand. all strains were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (pcr-sscp) and polymerase chain reaction-dna sequencing (pcr-dna sequencing). sequence analysis of these strains revealed that only one strain (5%) has missense mutation at lys-626 (thr) and the rest of the stra ... | 2006 | 17547075 |
| hepatoportal venopathy due to disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in a child with ifn-gamma receptor 2 deficiency. | the control of intracellular microorganisms such as mycobacteria is largely dependent on the adaptive immune response, specifically the interaction of t helper cells and antigen presenting cells such as macrophages. the interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) pathway activation is crucial for containment and killing of mycobacteria, as evidenced by the fact that defects in this pathway often result in profound infections with both tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria. we herein report a case of a c ... | 2007 | 17554558 |
| drug resistance profile of human mycobacterium avium complex strains from india. | to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of various anti-tuberculosis drugs for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) strains isolated from clinical samples. | 2007 | 17582180 |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with autoantibody to interferon-gamma. | a 54-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of intermittent high fever, general malaise, cough and body weight loss after he had been examined and treated at the former hospital for 3 years without a definitive diagnosis and effective therapy. bacterial examination on admission revealed streptococcus pyogenes in peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirates and pleural effusion. furthermore, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) was detected in sputum, gastric juice, bone marrow liquid, pleural ... | 2007 | 17603241 |
| pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex infection associated with the ivs8-t5 allele of the cftr gene. | the t5 allele in intron 8 (ivs8) on specific haplotype backgrounds (e.g., long tg repeats) causes abnormal splicing in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene, and is also known to be associated with chronic airway diseases. | 2007 | 17609059 |
| histopathological classification of systemic mycobacterium avium complex infections in slaughtered domestic pigs. | the aim of this study was to classify the histopathological features of pigs infected with mycobacterium avium complex (mac). we used slaughtered pig organs systemically infected with mac. the results showed granulomatous lesions which were observed predominantly in the digestive organs and regional lymph nodes rather than respiratory organs. the histological picture showed a wide range of granulomatous stages from exudative to fibrotic reactions to the mac infection. eosinophils and giant cells ... | 2008 | 17629560 |
| [mycobacteriosis as zoonotic disease--comparative pathological study on mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection has been giving major impact on human health. mac infection is also one of zoonosis transmittable from environmental reservoirs to domestic animal such as pig, and from wildlife to human. although the relationship between pig mac infection and human mac infection has been suggested, it has not been clarified about difference of pathogens, differences in the pathogenesis of the disease, and differences in pathological findings between them. as one of zo ... | 2007 | 17633122 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of novel fluoroquinolones alone and in combination with clarithromycin against clinically isolated mycobacterium avium complex strains in japan. | the recommended treatments for mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infectious disease are combination regimens of clarithromycin (clr) or azithromycin with ethambutol and rifamycin. however, these chemotherapy regimens are sometimes unsuccessful. recently developed antimicrobial agents, such as newer fluoroquinolones (fqs) containing c-8 methoxy quinolone (moxifloxacin [mxf] and gatifloxacin [gat]), are expected to be novel antimycobacterial agents. here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo anti ... | 2007 | 17709469 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of mycobacterium avium complex isolates recovered from southern california. | fine-scale genotyping methods are necessary in order to identify possible sources of human exposure to opportunistic pathogens belonging to the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). in this study, amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) analysis was evaluated for fingerprinting 159 patient and environmental mac isolates from southern california. aflp analysis accurately identified strains belonging to m. avium and mycobacterium intracellulare and differentiated between strains within each spe ... | 2007 | 17761476 |
| acute pancreatitis in a patient treated with micafungin. | a 73-year-old man (height, 158.2 cm; weight, 49.8 kg) presented with upper abdominal tenderness after 3 weeks of treatment with 150 mg/d of micafungin (3 mg/kg . d) (mycamine, astellas pharma us inc., deerfield, illinois) intravenously for pulmonary aspergillosis accompanied by [dosage error corrected] pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection. pulmonary aspergillosis was noninvasively diagnosed by a fungus lump in a cavity in the right upper lung field with a high value of 1,3-beta- ... | 2007 | 17825698 |
| decreased cytokine production in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease. | nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are intracellular pathogens that elicit a specific t-cell response characterized by the production of proinflammatory cytokines, including interferon (ifn)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha, and interleukin (il)-12. however, little information exists regarding the levels of specific cytokines in patients with ntm lung disease. therefore, we compared cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from patients with ntm lung disease with ... | 2007 | 17926095 |
| pulmonary radiological characteristics in patients with hiv infection at the time of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). | to report on radiological and epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary disease in patients with hiv infection in times of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart). | 2007 | 17933710 |
| mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: long term outcomes. | to describe long term outcomes of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris). | 2007 | 17937815 |
| mycobacterium avium complex infection presenting as an endobronchial mass in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection is a common opportunistic infection in patients with aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). pulmonary involvement of mac may range from asymptomatic colonization of the respiratory tract to invasive parenchymal or cavitary disease. however, endobronchial lesions with mac infection are rare in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts. here, we report mac infection presenting as an endobronchial mass in a patient with aids. | 2007 | 17939342 |
| [overview of respiratory infection caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria]. | recently, the clinical importance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (especially, mycobacterium avium complex [mac] respiratory infection) has been increasing. in addition, an official ats/idsa statement about diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases has been published in february, 2007. in this review article, essence of this official statement will be introduced. in mac respiratory infection, (i) primarily fibrocavitary disease, (ii) nodular/bronchiectatic dise ... | 2007 | 17969990 |
| [mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection needed differential diagnosis of the recurrence after surgery for double lung cancer; report of a case]. | a 62-year-old woman had undergone video-assisted thoracic surgery (vats) -right upper lobectomy and right s8 segmentectomy for double lung cancers (papillary adenocarcinoma and bronchioloalveoler carcinoma, stage ia). four years later, chest computed tomography (ct) showed abnormal shadow, 20 mm in size, along the staple-suture line. the 3 months later, new lesion, 15 mm in size, was observed in right lower lobe. ct-guided biopsy revealed no malignancy. the patient underwent partial resection of ... | 2007 | 18078091 |
| [profiles of intracellular expression, distribution, and activation of phospholipase a2 in host macrophages infected with mycobacterium avium complex]. | our recent studies have shown that type iv cytosolic phospholipase a2 (cpla2) plays an important role in the expression of macrophage (mph) antimicrobial activity against the mycobacterium avium complex (mac). to clarify the modes of cpla2 participation in mph anti-mac antimicrobial function in detail, we studied intracellular profiles of phospholilase a2, focusing on cpla2, in mac-infected mphs, with the following findings: in murine peritoneal mphs, cpla2 was constitutively expressed even in u ... | 2007 | 18095468 |
| cerebral mycobacterium avium abscesses: late immune reconstitution syndrome in an hiv-1-infected patient receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. | a patient who developed an atypical manifestation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) infection almost two years after starting effective highly active antiretroviral therapy is described. the recurrence, manifested as brain abscesses in the central nervous system, was an uncommon form of mac disease usually reported postmortem. an increased cd4 cell count, localized and suppurative infection, and the absence of systemic evidence of infection were consistent with a late immune reconstitution sy ... | 2005 | 18159542 |
| [the pathogenesis and the development mechanism of mycobacterium avium complex infection]. | mycobacterium avium complex (mac) causes respiratory tract infections and develops granulomatous lesions in the alveolar areas and bronchioles in humans. in contrast with the above, the intestinal tract is the primary infection site of immunocompromised hosts, such as patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids), or animals, such as pigs. recent studies have revealed that hosts with hereditary dysfunction of mediators in the th-1 cascade as well as hosts with a high titer of auto-ant ... | 2007 | 18188979 |
| mycobacterium ulcerans infection as a cause of chronic diarrhea in an aids patient: a case report. | chronic diarrhea is one of the most frequent gastro-intestinal manifestations in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). protozoa and nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) are opportunistic pathogens that can easily infect these patients. among the ntm, mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is the most frequently observed pathogen in hiv-infected patients. however, ntms other than mac have not been reported as a gastrointestinal pathogen as yet. we present a case of chronic diarrhea in an aids patien ... | 2008 | 18205278 |
| adjuvant interferon gamma in patients with pulmonary atypical mycobacteriosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. | high antibiotic resistance is described in atypical mycobacteriosis, mainly by mycobacterium avium complex (mac). | 2008 | 18267006 |
| genetic diversity of mycobacterium avium isolates recovered from clinical samples and from the environment: molecular characterization for diagnostic purposes. | isolation of mycobacterium avium complex (mac) organisms from clinical samples may occur in patients without clinical disease, making the interpretation of results difficult. the clinical relevance of mac isolates from different types of clinical samples (n = 47) from 39 patients in different sections of a hospital was assessed by comparison with environmental isolates (n = 17) from the hospital. various methods for identification and typing (commercial probes, phenotypic characteristics, pcr fo ... | 2008 | 18272714 |
| t-spot.tb test(r) results in adults with mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease. | the tuberculin skin test is limited by its inability to distinguish between infection with mycobacterium tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm). newer interferon-gamma release assays using esat-6 and cfp-10 antigens should have a higher specificity for tuberculosis but have not been widely tested in adults with pulmonary disease due to ntm. in this study, we tested the t-spot.tb test in patients with pulmonary disease due to mycobacterium avium complex (mac), the most common disease ... | 2008 | 18274952 |
| [clinical efficacy of kanamycin for mycobacterium avium complex disease]. | no previous reports have compared clarithromycin (cam), rifampicin (rfp) and ethambutol (eb) containing regimens with and without an aminoglycoside antibiotic kanamycin (km) for the treatment of pulmonary mycobacterium avium complex (mac) disease. we conducted a retrospective study to investigate the clinical efficacy of km using data from 40 patients who received combined chemotherapy for mac disease with or without km in the national hospital organization tokyo hospital from july, 1999 to dece ... | 2008 | 18311066 |
| mycobacterium avium complex disease: prognostic implication of high-resolution computed tomography findings. | to evaluate the prognostic implications of computed tomography (ct) findings in assessing responses to treatment in mycobacterium avium complex (mac) pulmonary disease without underlying lung disease, high-resolution (hr)ct findings were correlated based on the results of sputum conversion after anti-mac therapy. a total of 59 patients underwent hrct before treatment and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated by the results of sputum conversion. atelectasis, cavities and pleural thickening on hr ... | 2008 | 18321941 |
| [granulomatous diseases and pathogenic microorganism]. | granuloma formation is a chronic inflammatory reaction where macrophage system and other inflammatory cells are involved. after some antigen exposure and processing, t cells, macrophages, epithelioid cells, and giant cell are activated, and granulomas are formed. granuloma is considered as a defense mechanism against antigens, which stay in the organs without inactivation. granulomas including fibroblasts extra-cellular matrix surround and isolate the antigens. granulomas are classified to nonin ... | 2008 | 18326339 |
| the efficacy of clarithromycin and the bicyclolide edp-420 against mycobacterium avium in a mouse model of pulmonary infection. | lung disease caused by mycobacterium avium complex (mac) is increasing in prevalence. mac disease occurs in patients with chronic preexisting obstructive pulmonary diseases but is also diagnosed in individuals with no history of lung pathology or identifiable immune defect. histologically, the disease is characterized by either the development of nodular granulomatous lesions in the peribronchial region or cavitary peripheral disease in smokers. response to long-term treatment is poor. limited c ... | 2008 | 18422455 |
| [mycobacterial infection caused by mycobacterium avium in allogenic bone marrow transplant recipient with concomittant bronchiolitis obliterans as a manifestation of graft versus host disease - case report and review of the literature]. | patients after organ transplantations are at risk for mycobacteriosis development. frequency of the mycobacterial infection after bone marrow transplantation (bmt) is not as high as one could expect. it ranges from 0.4 to 4.9%. we present a case of a female patient after allogenic bmt as a treatment of chronic myelogenous leucaemia, with bronchiolitis obliterans as a symptom of graft versus host disease (gvhd), treated with corticosteroids and infected with mycobacterium avium. she was admitted ... | 2008 | 18464226 |