| [determination of fumonisin biosynthesis gene and toxicity of fusarium moniliforme strains isolated in china]. | to study the relationship between fumonisin biosynthesis gene and toxicity of fusarium moniliforme isolated in china. | 2005 | 16194380 |
| identification and heritability of fumonisin insensitivity in zea mays. | landraces of maize (zea mays ssp. mays) and its wild teosinte relatives (zea mays spp. parviglumis and mexicana) were surveyed for sensitivity to fumonisin b(1), a phytotoxin produced by the maize pathogen gibberella moniliformis. only two of 42 z. mays samples were highly insensitive to fb(1) (ed(50) = ca. 200 microm). the teosintes and 76% of the maize landraces were moderately or highly sensitive to fb(1) (ed(50) < or = 30 microm), which indicates that fb(1) sensitivity is likely to be an anc ... | 2005 | 16198380 |
| quality control and reference guidelines for clsi broth microdilution susceptibility method (m 38-a document) for amphotericin b, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. | although standard conditions are available for testing the susceptibilities of filamentous fungi to antifungal agents by the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi; formerly national committee for clinical laboratory standards) broth microdilution assay, quality control (qc) mic limits have not been established for any mold-agent combination. this multicenter (eight-center) study documented the reproducibility of tests for one isolate of paecilomyces variotii atcc mya-3630 and 11 othe ... | 2005 | 16207990 |
| rapid detection of kernel rots and mycotoxins in maize by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. | near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy is a practical spectroscopic procedure for the detection of organic compounds in matter. it is particularly useful because of its nondestructiveness, accuracy, rapid response, and easy operation. this work assesses the applicability of nir for the rapid identification of micotoxigenic fungi and their toxic metabolites produced in naturally and artificially contaminated products. two hundred and eighty maize samples were collected both from naturally contaminated ... | 2005 | 16218654 |
| toxic effects of fumonisin in mouse liver are independent of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha. | fumonisin mycotoxins occur worldwide in corn and corn-based foods. fumonisin b1 (fb1) is a rodent liver carcinogen and suspected human carcinogen. it inhibits ceramide synthase and increases tissue sphinganine (sa) and sphingosine (so) concentrations. events linking disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and fumonisin toxicity are not fully understood; however, sa and so were shown to bind mouse recombinant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparalpha) in vitro. to investigate the ... | 2006 | 16221962 |
| stereoselective oxidation of alkylbenzenes by fungi. | oxygenase is useful when oxygen is to be introduced at a nonactivated carbon-hydrogen bond to give an optically active center. to obtain such an enzyme from microorganisms, we screened soil samples for organisms that assimilated methylethylketone as their sole carbon source. yeasts and molds that converted ethylbenzene and propylbenzene into their respective oxygenated products during incubation together as resting cells were isolated. one particularly potent strain was identified as fusarium mo ... | 2001 | 16232978 |
| optimal conditions for production of (r)-1-phenylpropanol by fusarium moniliforme strain ms31. | resting cells of fusarium moniliforme strain ms31 produced (r)-1-phenylpropanol from propylbenzene. the components of the medium and the reaction conditions were adjusted to increase the specific activity of the hydroxylating enzyme involved. glucose and sodium nitrate were selected as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. the substrate, propylbenzene, inhibited fungal growth and the activity of the enzyme. acetoin added to the medium increased both growth and activity of the enzyme, and hy ... | 2001 | 16233098 |
| conversion of various aromatic compounds by resting cells of fusarium moniliforme strain ms31. | resting cells of fusarium moniliforme strain ms31 convert propylbenzene to 1-phenylpropanol with high regio- and stereospecificity. to elucidate the scope of substrate acceptability by the fungus, we used various aromatic compounds for the bioconversion. the fungus hydroxylated various alkylbenzenes at the benzylic position to produce optically active alcohols. butylbenzene was converted to nonbenzylic alcohols. in all cases, the r absolute configuration of products was more abundant. aromatic c ... | 2001 | 16233114 |
| involvement of cytochrome p450 in hydroxylation of propylbenzene by fusarium moniliforme strain ms31. | fusarium moniliforme strain ms31 can oxidize propylbenzene to (r)-1-phenylpropanol with what may be a cytochrome p450. hydroxylation of propylbenzene needed molecular oxygen, and nadph as a coenzyme gave a higher yield than nadh. the hydroxylation proceeded further when fad and fmn were added than in their absence, suggesting that the enzyme was a flavo-protein. carbon monoxide inhibited the hydroxylation, as did other cytochrome p450 inhibitors such as skf 525a and miconazole. these characteris ... | 2001 | 16233150 |
| in vitro influence of bacterial mixtures on fusarium verticillioides growth and fumonisin b1 production: effect of seeds treatment on maize root colonization. | enterobacter cloacae, microbacterium oleovorans, pseudomonas solanacearum and bacillus subtilis were investigated in order to evaluate: (i) the inoculum size of two bacterial mixtures on fusarium verticillioides growth and fumonisin b1 production in vitro at different water activities and (ii) the efficacy of a seed treatment with the best bacterial mixture on f. verticillioides root colonization in greenhouse studies. | 2005 | 16238641 |
| genomic analysis of the 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase gene family of zea mays. | the 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductases (oprs) are enzymes that catalyze the reduction of double bonds adjacent to an oxo group in alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes or ketones. some of them have very high substrate specificity and are part of the octadecanoid pathway which convert linolenic acid to the phytohormone jasmonic acid (ja). sequencing and analysis of ests and genomic sequences from available private and public databases revealed that the maize genome encodes eight opr genes. southern b ... | 2005 | 16247560 |
| fumonisin production by fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from maize in mexico and development of a polymerase chain reaction to detect potential toxigenic strains in grains. | fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by fusarium verticillioides (sacc. nirenberg) in maize (zea mays l.), a staple crop in mexico. in this study, we report the isolation and identification of 67 fusarium strains isolated from maize kernels collected in northwest and central mexico. the strains were characterized regarding fumonisin b(1) production and the presence of the fum1 gene. f. verticillioides was the predominant species isolated in both geographic regions, but the isolates from northwest ... | 2005 | 16248554 |
| structural characterization of novel chitin-binding lectins from the genus artocarpus and their antifungal activity. | two novel chitin-binding lectins from seeds of artocarpus genus were described in this paper, one from a. integrifolia (jackfruit) and one from a. incisa (breadfruit). they were purified from saline crude extract of seeds using affinity chromatography on chitin column, size-exclusion chromatography and reverse-phase chromatography on the c-18 column. both are 14 kda proteins, made up of 3 chains linked by disulfide bonds. the partial amino acid sequences of the two lectins showed they are homolo ... | 2006 | 16257591 |
| mechanism of action of sphingolipids and their metabolites in the toxicity of fumonisin b1. | fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced primarily by fusarium moniliforme. several fumonisins have been isolated through out the years but only fumonisin b1, b2 and b3 are the ones present in naturally contaminated foods, with b1 being the most toxic between them. the structural similarity between sphinganine and fumonisin b1 suggests that the mechanism of action of this mycotoxin is mainly via disruption of sphingolipid metabolism, this is an important step in the cascade of events leadin ... | 2005 | 16266752 |
| do fumonisin mycotoxins occur in wheat? | the fumonisin mycotoxins are mainly produced by the fungi fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum, which are both field pathogens of maize. the natural occurrence of fumonisins has been verified in maize and a large range of maize-based products in many countries of the world. however, occasional reports have emerged of fumonisins being detected in wheat, despite the main producing fungi not being pathogens of this cereal. an investigation was conducted into a recent report of the nat ... | 2005 | 16277436 |
| in vitro studies on the potential for biological control of aspergillus flavus and fusarium moniliforme by trichoderma species. a study of the production of extracellular metabolites by trichoderma species. | culture filtrates of trichoderma viride and trichoderma harzianum were inhibitory of fusarium moniliforme and, to a lesser extent, aspergillus flavus. the degree of inhibition was, however, dependent on the carbon or nitrogen source incorporated into the medium. scanning electron microscopy revealed the development of abnormal fruiting structures on exposure to some trichoderma culture filtrate, while macroscopically, growth restriction and, in the case of a. flavus, altered colony colouration w ... | 1997 | 16284721 |
| fungicidal and binding properties of three plant peptides. | the fungicidal properties of plant seed peptides from heuchera sanginea (hs-afp1), raphanus sativus (ea-afp2), and impatiens balsamina (ib-amp3) were determined for the non-germinated and germinated conidia of aspergillus flavus and fusarium moniliforme. these peptides were weakly lethal for germinated but not for non-germinated conidia of a. flavus. both non-germinated and germinated conidia of f. moniliforme were susceptible to these peptides. overall, f. moniliforme was more susceptible than ... | 1998 | 16284838 |
| [directed evolution of d-lactonohydrolase by error prone pcr and dna shuffling]. | d-lactonohydrolase is useful in the procedure of resolution of racemic pantolactone to produce d-pantolactone, but the activity and stability under low ph of the wild type enzyme is not satisfactory enough to be applied to industrial production. the expected properties of wild type enzyme were enhanced by directed evolution. according to the formation of products and ph indicators, a screening system was designed. after three sequential error prone pcr and one round dna shuffling followed by scr ... | 2005 | 16285520 |
| [study on gene polymorphism of fumonisin-producing fusarium verticillioides strains]. | to study the gene polymorphism and genetic variation of fumonisin-producing or non-producing fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from different geographical areas and different samples. | 2005 | 16329605 |
| characterization of extracellular beta-d-galactosidase from fusarium moniliforme grown in whey. | extracellular lactase (beta-d-galactosidase, ec 3.2.1.23) was prepared as an ethanol precipitate from a culture of fusarium moniliforme grown on whey. the enzyme functioned optimally at ph 3.8 to 5.0 and at 50 to 60 degrees c on both o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (onpg) and lactose. the activation energy of the enzymic hydrolysis of onpg and lactose in the range of 20 to 55 degrees c was 8,500 and 7,200 cal (ca. 3.57 x 10 and 3.02 x 10 j)/mol, respectively. the k(m) values were 4.4 and ... | 1981 | 16345758 |
| production of the mycotoxin fumonisin b(1) by alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici. | the mycotoxin fumonisin b(1), originally described as being produced by fusarium moniliforme, was detected in liquid cultures of alternaria alternata f. sp. lycopersici, a host-specific pathogen of tomato plants. the metabolite was detected by high-pressure liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. its identity was confirmed by fast atom bombardment and ion spray mass spectrometry, as well as parent-daughter tandem mass spectrometry. in three separate experiments, the concentrations found ran ... | 1992 | 16348822 |
| thermostability of fumonisin b(1), a mycotoxin from fusarium moniliforme, in corn. | fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) is a mycotoxin from fusarium moniliforme that is frequently associated with corn. thermal treatments are used in many processes concerning this cereal and its derivatives. the thermostability of this toxin in dry contaminated corn, resulting from f. moniliforme culture, was studied in different time-temperature combinations. fb(1) was quantified by instrumentalized thin-layer chromatography after a two-step sequential development and postchromatographic derivatization by p ... | 1993 | 16349037 |
| individual and combined effects of fusarium moniliforme culture material, containing known levels of fumonisin b1, and salmonella gallinarum infection on liver of japanese quail. | three hundred day-old japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into two groups with 150 quail in each group. one group was maintained on quail mash alone, while fusarium moniliforme culture material was added to quail mash in the second group from day 5 of age and was supplied at a rate of 150 ppm fumonisin b1 (fb1)/kg mash. at day 21, each group was further subdivided into two groups, yielding four groups with 75 birds apiece, which served as the control (group cx), the salmonel ... | 2005 | 16405006 |
| growth-inhibiting effects of concentrations of fusaric acid on the growth of bacillus mojavensis and other biocontrol bacillus species. | to determine the effects of concentrations of fusaric acid on the growth of several strains of the biocontrol bacterial endophyte bacillus mojavensis and other species within the bacillus subtilis group, as well as the genetic relationships within this small group of gram-positive bacteria, and their antagonisms to fusarium verticillioides, which produce fusaric acid. | 2006 | 16405699 |
| effects of fumonisins on liver and kidney sphinganine and the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio during chronic exposure in ducks. | sa and the sa/so ratio are very sensitive biomarkers of exposure to fumonisins in several species. we previously demonstrated that increases in sa and in the sa/so ratio in serum were less pronounced when ducks ingested fumonisins for more than 7 weeks than when animals were exposed for only 1-2 weeks [s.t. tran, d. tardieu, a. auvergne, j.d. bailly, r. babilé, s. durand, g. benard, p. guerre, serum sphinganine and the sphinganine to sphingosine ratio as biomarker of dietary fumonisins during ch ... | 2006 | 16412405 |
| natural variation of ascospore and conidial germination by fusarium verticillioides and other fusarium species. | fusarium verticillioides and other fusarium species were examined for their spore germination phenotypes. in general, germinating spores of f. verticillioides formed germ tubes that immediately penetrated into agar. such invasive germination was the predominant growth phenotype among 22 examined field isolates of f. verticillioides from a broad range hosts and locations. however, two of the field isolates were unique in that they formed conidial germ tubes and hyphae that grew along the surface ... | 2006 | 16413990 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated activation of c-jun nh(2)-terminal kinase as a mechanism for fumonisin b(1) induced apoptosis in murine primary hepatocytes. | fumonisin b(1) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides, frequently associated with corn. it produces species-specific and organ-specific toxicity, including equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema, and hepatic or renal damage in most animal species. fumonisin b(1) perturbs sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting ceramide synthase. our previous studies indicated that fumonisin b(1) caused localized activation of cytokines in liver produced by macrophages and other cell typ ... | 2005 | 16421893 |
| qtl mapping of fusarium moniliforme ear rot resistance in maize. 1. map construction with microsatellite and aflp markers. | to map the qtls of fusarium moniliforme ear rot resistance in zea mays l., a total of 230 f2 individuals, derived from a single cross between inbred maize lines r15 (resistant) and ye478 (susceptible), were genotyped for genetic map construction using simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) markers. we used 778 pairs of ssr primers and 63 combinations of aflp primers to detect the polymorphisms between parents, r15 and ye478. from the polymorphic 30 ... | 2006 | 16424603 |
| host-specific variation in infection by toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins in pearl millet and corn. | pearl millet is widely consumed in regions of africa and asia, and is increasingly being grown as an alternative grain in drought-prone regions of the united states. pearl millet and corn were grown in dryland conditions at tifton, georgia, usa and grains were compared for pre-harvest infection by potentially toxigenic fungi and contamination by mycotoxins. corn hybrids agripro 9909 and pioneer 3146, and pearl millet tifgrain 102 were grown in 2000 and 2001; pearl millet hgm 100 was included in ... | 2006 | 16463093 |
| determination of fumonisins b1 and b2 in portuguese maize and maize-based samples by hplc with fluorescence detection. | fumonisins b(1) (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2) are the main members of a family of mycotoxins produced by fusarium verticillioides, fusarium proliferatum, and other fungi species of the section liseola. the present work shows the results of comparative studies using two different procedures for the analysis of fumonisins in maize and maize-based samples. the studied analytical methods involve extraction with methanol/water, dilution with pbs, and clean-up through immunoaffinity columns. two reagen ... | 2006 | 16465502 |
| analysis of commercial laboratory rat rations for fumonisin b1, a mycotoxin produced on corn by fusarium moniliforme. | | 1993 | 16468690 |
| successful voriconazole therapy of disseminated fusarium verticillioides infection in an immunocompromised patient receiving chemotherapy. | | 2006 | 16469850 |
| amylopectin induces fumonisin b1 production by fusarium verticillioides during colonization of maize kernels. | fusarium verticillioides, a fungal pathogen of maize, produces fumonisin mycotoxins that adversely affect human and animal health. basic questions remain unanswered regarding the interactions between the host plant and the fungus that lead to the accumulation of fumonisins in maize kernels. in this study, we evaluated the role of kernel endosperm composition in regulating fumonisin b1 (fb1) biosynthesis. we found that kernels lacking starch due to physiological immaturity did not accumulate fb1. ... | 2005 | 16478053 |
| a bidomain nonribosomal peptide synthetase encoded by fum14 catalyzes the formation of tricarballylic esters in the biosynthesis of fumonisins. | fumonisins are a group of polyketide-derived mycotoxins produced by fusarium verticillioides, a filamentous fungus infecting corn and contaminating food and feeds. fumonisins contain two tricarballylic esters that are critical for toxicity. here, we present genetic and biochemical data for the esterification mechanism. fum14 in f. verticillioides has been deleted by homologous recombination, and the resultant mutant lost the ability to produce fumonisins. two new metabolites, hfb(3) and hfb(4), ... | 2006 | 16489749 |
| fck1, a c-type cyclin-dependent kinase, interacts with fcc1 to regulate development and secondary metabolism in fusarium verticillioides. | in fusarium verticillioides, the c-type cyclin fcc1 is a global regulator of gene expression. in saccharomyces cerevisiae and other organisms, c-type cyclins regulate the activity of specific cyclin-dependent kinases through physical association. we identified fck1, a gene encoding a cyclin-dependent kinase in f. verticillioides. the fck1 protein is predicted to contain a cyclin-binding motif and a serine-threonine protein kinase domain homologous to previously described cyclin-dependent kinases ... | 2006 | 16504555 |
| fumonisin production in the maize pathogen fusarium verticillioides: genetic basis of naturally occurring chemical variation. | fumonisins are polyketide-derived mycotoxins produced by the maize pathogen fusarium verticillioides. previous analyses identified naturally occurring variants of the fungus that are deficient in fumonisin c-10 hydroxylation or that do not produce any fumonisins. in the current study, gene deletion and genetic complementation analyses localized the c-10 hydroxylation deficiency to a cytochrome p450 monooxygenase gene in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene (fum) cluster. sequence analysis indicated t ... | 2006 | 16536629 |
| n-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridinone analogues from fusarium oxysporum. | three new n-methyl-4-hydroxy-2-pyridinone analogues, 6-epi-oxysporidinone (3), the dimethyl ketal of oxysporidinone (4), and n-demethylsambutoxin (5), along with the known compounds (-)-oxysporidinone (1), (-)-sambutoxin (2), wortmannin (6), enniatin a (7), enniatin a1 (8), and enniatin b1 (9) were isolated from fusarium oxysporum (n17b) by bioassay-guided fractionation. compounds 1 and 3 showed selective fungistatic activity against aspergillus fumigatus, and wortmannin had selective potent act ... | 2006 | 16562855 |
| the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in modulating the effects of fumonisin in mouse liver. | fumonisins are mycotoxins that are produced by fusarium verticillioides found in corn and corn-based foods, and are suspected human esophageal carcinogens. exposure of rodents to fumonisin b1 causes hepatotoxicity and results in alterations in the balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis in the liver. as the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnfalpha) and the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (pparalpha) also modulate hepatocyte proliferation and apopt ... | 2006 | 16574297 |
| heterologous expression of two trichothecene p450 genes in fusarium verticillioides. | fusarium graminearum z-3639 and f. sporotrichioides nrrl3299 produce the trichothecene mycotoxins 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and t-2 toxin, respectively. these toxins differ in oxygenation at c-4, c-7, and c-8. in f. sporotrichioides, tri1 (fstri1) controls c-8 hydroxylation. to determine the function of an apparent f. graminearum tri1 (fgtri1) homolog, both fstri1 and fgtri1 genes were heterologously expressed in the trichothecene-nonproducing species f. verticillioides by fusing the tri1 coding r ... | 2006 | 16604118 |
| antifungal and antibacterial activities of araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch heartwood lignans. | five lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, eudesmin, lariciresinol, and lariciresinol-4-methyl ether) were isolated from an meoh extract from araucaria araucana (mol.) k. koch wood for the first time in this species and their structures determined with spectroscopic methods. the antimicrobial activities of these compounds were determined for the bacteria citrobacter sp., bacillus subtilis, escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, and for the ... | 2006 | 16610214 |
| mycoflora and multimycotoxin detection in corn silage: experimental study. | agricultural activities involve the use of crop preservation such as "trench-type" silo, which can sometimes be contaminated by fungi. to investigate the exposure of livestock and farm workers to fungal spores and mycotoxins, a multimycotoxin analysis method has been developed. six mycotoxins (aflatoxin b1, citrinin, deoxynivalenol, gliotoxin, ochratoxin a, and zearalenone) were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction. an exp ... | 2006 | 16637710 |
| distribution and elimination of fumonisin analogues in weaned piglets after oral administration of fusarium verticillioides fungal culture. | the distribution and elimination of fumonisins after oral administration of 50 mg fb(1), 20 mg fb(2) and 5 mg fb(3) per animal day(-1) for 22 days was studied in weaned barrows. at the end of the trial, the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, serum, bile, muscle, fat, urine and faeces samples were collected and their content of fumonisins (fb(1), fb(2)) determined by lc-ms. the highest fb(1) concentrations were found in the liver (99.4 +/- 37.5 ng g(-1)) and kidneys (30.6 +/- 10.1 ng g(-1 ... | 2006 | 16644597 |
| gibberellin-like substances from the developing banana fruit. | the occurrence of 2 gibberellin-like substances was demonstrated in the developing banana fruit, musa sapientum, linn. chemical and biological evidence led to the tentative identification of the 2 compounds as ga(7) and ga(x) (previously isolated from citrus fruits). support for such identification was obtained from thin layer chromatography, gradient elution column chromatography, spectrofluorometry, the dwarf maize test, and the cucumber hypocotyl test. significance of the ga(x) -designated co ... | 1966 | 16656319 |
| studies on the specificity and site of action of alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-[p-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol), a plant growth regulator. | alpha-cyclopropyl-alpha-[p-methoxyphenyl]-5-pyrimidine methyl alcohol (ancymidol) is an inhibitor of ent-kaur-16-ene oxidation in microsomal preparations from the liquid endosperm of immature marah macrocarpus seeds. the k(i) for this inhibitor is about 2 x 10(-9)m. ancymidol also blocks ent-kaur-16-en-19-ol and ent-kaur-16-en-19-al oxidation by the same preparations with a similar efficiency, but does not significantly inhibit ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid oxidation. ancymidol appears to be specif ... | 1978 | 16660561 |
| diterpene biosynthesis in maize seedlings in response to fungal infection. | a cell-free system which catalyzes the biosynthesis of terpene hydrocarbons when supplemented with mevalonate, mn(2+), and atp was prepared from the scutellum-embryonic axis region of maize seedlings. the capacity of this system for the production of terpene hydrocarbons was enhanced 50- to 100-fold when the seedlings were exposed for 48 hours to the fungus rhizopus stolonifer prior to tissue homogenization. the fungi aspergillus niger, fusarium moniliforme, and verticillium albo-atrum also elic ... | 1979 | 16660976 |
| isolation of a kaurene synthetase inhibitor from castor bean seedlings and cell suspension cultures. | biosynthesis of ent-kaurene was investigated in extracts of cell suspension cultures and seedlings of castor bean. both cell-free extracts contain an inhibitor of kaurene synthetase. the inhibition affects mainly the cyclization of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to copalyl pyrophosphate (activity a) and has little or no effect on the further cyclization of copalyl pyrophosphate to ent-kaurene (activity b) in both castor bean and fusarium moniliforme cell-free enzyme preparations. in castor bean ce ... | 1981 | 16661830 |
| purification and characterization of a polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein from phaseolus vulgaris l. | homogeneous endo-polygalacturonase (pg) was covalently bound to cyanogen-bromide-activated sepharose, and the resulting pg-sepharose conjugate was utilized to purify, by affinity chromatography, a protein from phaseolus vulgaris hypocotyls that binds to and inhibits pg. isoelectric focusing of the purified pg-inhibiting protein (pgip) showed a major protein band that coincided with pg-inhibiting activity. pgip formed a complex with pg at ph 5.0 and at low salt concentrations. the complex dissoci ... | 1987 | 16665751 |
| elicitation of diterpene biosynthesis in rice (oryza sativa l.) by chitin. | cell-free extracts of uv-irradiated rice (oryza sativa l.) leaves have a much greater capacity for the synthesis from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate of diterpene hydrocarbons, including the putative precursors of rice phytoalexins, than extracts of unstressed leaves (ka wickham, ca west [1992] arch biochem biophys 293: 320-332). an elicitor bioassay was developed on the basis of these observations in which 6-day-old rice cell suspension cultures were incubated for 40 hours with the substance to be ... | 1992 | 16668985 |
| functional replacement of the ketosynthase domain of fum1 for the biosynthesis of fumonisins, a group of fungal reduced polyketides. | the genetic manipulation of the biosynthesis of fungal reduced polyketides has been challenging due to the lack of knowledge on the biosynthetic mechanism, the difficulties in the detection of the acyclic, non-aromatic metabolites, and the complexity in genetically manipulating filamentous fungi. fumonisins are a group of economically important mycotoxins that contaminate maize-based food and feed products worldwide. fumonisins contain a linear dimethylated c18 chain that is synthesized by fum1p ... | 2006 | 16683125 |
| amelioration of fumonisin b1 hepatotoxicity in mice by depletion of t cells with anti-thy-1.2. | fumonisin b1 is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides, frequently associated with corn. it produces species-specific and organ-specific toxicity, including equine leukoencephalomalacia, porcine pulmonary edema, and hepatic or renal damage in most animal species. fumonisin b1 perturbs sphingolipid metabolism by inhibiting ceramide synthase. our previous studies in male mice indicated that fumonisin b1-induced hepatotoxicity is modulated by the localized activation of cytokines in liver ... | 2006 | 16690192 |
| inactivation of polygalacturonase and pectate lyase produced by ph tolerant fungus fusarium moniliforme ncim 1276 in a liquid medium and in the host tissue. | fusarium moniliforme ncim 1276 produced ph dependent an extracellular polygalacturonase (pg) and pectate lyase (pl) at ph 5 and ph 8, respectively. in the extracellular medium about 20.3% pg and 54% of pl protein concentrations were present in the active state at ph 5 and ph 8, respectively, whereas in intracellularly, more than 86% of both protein contents remained in the active state at all ph tested. we found two possible reasons, end-product inhibition and effect of environmental ph on confo ... | 2008 | 16697174 |
| [the effect of propyl gallate on the activity of various antifungal drugs against filamentous fungi in vitro]. | the influence of an antioxidant, propyl gallate (pg), on the activity of amphotericin b (amb), terbinafine (tbf), butenafine (btf) and ketoconazole (kcz) against ocular pathogenic filamentous fungi in vitro was investigated to determine whether pg could increase the antifungal activity. | 2006 | 16762206 |
| identification of bifunctional delta12/omega3 fatty acid desaturases for improving the ratio of omega3 to omega6 fatty acids in microbes and plants. | we report the identification of bifunctional delta12/omega3 desaturases from fusarium moniliforme, fusarium graminearum, and magnaporthe grisea. the bifunctional activity of these desaturases distinguishes them from all known delta12 or omega3 fatty acid desaturases. the omega3 desaturase activity of these enzymes also shows a broad omega6 fatty acid substrate specificity by their ability to convert linoleic acid (la), gamma-linolenic acid, di-homo-gamma-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid to t ... | 2006 | 16763049 |
| sex-related differences in the immune response of weanling piglets exposed to low doses of fumonisin extract. | fumonisin b1 (fb1) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides, a fungus that commonly contaminates maize. sex-related effects of fb1 have been observed with respect to carcinogenicity in rodents, to performances in pigs and immunosuppression in mice. in the present study the sex-related effect of fb1 on the pig immune response was determined. female and castrated male piglets received for 28 d either control feed or feed contaminated with 8 mg fb1/kg feed in the form of f. verticillioid ... | 2006 | 16768843 |
| the effects of fumonisin b1 on viability and mitogenic response of avian immune cells. | fumonisin b1 (fb1) is a mycotoxin produced by the fungus fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) and is found in diverse crops such as corn, wheat, and barley. many diseases linked to fb1, such as porcine pulmonary edema, rat hepatic cancer, and equine leukoencephalomalacia, indicate a compromised immune system. the purpose of this study was to determine whether fb1 altered immunological responses in various cell populations of single comb white leghorn chicks. cells collected f ... | 2006 | 16776470 |
| effects of feeding fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material containing known levels of fumonisin b1 in japanese quail (coturnix coturnix japonica). | one hundred fifty 1-d-old quail chicks (coturnix coturnix japonica) were divided into 2 groups. the 2 groups were designated as controls (cx) and fumonisin-fed birds (fx) with each containing 50 and 100 chicks, respectively. the birds in group cx were maintained on quail mash alone, whereas the birds in group fx were maintained on diets supplemented with 300 ppm of fumonisin b1 from fusarium verticillioides (formerly fusarium moniliforme) culture material from 1 d. quail chicks in both groups we ... | 2006 | 16830851 |
| fsr1 is essential for virulence and female fertility in fusarium verticillioides and f. graminearum. | fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph gibberella moniliformis) and f. graminearum (teleomorph g. zeae) are well known to cause devastating diseases on cereal crops. despite their importance, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in these host-pathogen interactions is limited. the fsr1 locus in f. verticillioides was identified by screening remi mutants for loss of virulence in maize stalk rot inoculation studies. fsr1 encodes an 823-codon open reading frame interrupted by two int ... | 2006 | 16838785 |
| multiplex pcr-based detection of potential fumonisin-producing fusarium in traditional african vegetables. | culture-independent methods employed in fungal genetic studies using in vitro amplification (pcr) and analysis of specific genes or gene fragments have proved to be useful for detection, identification, and molecular taxonomy of various plant pathogens including fusarium spp. this approach may be faster than culture-dependent methods, and could especially be of value for the rapid detection of slow-growing toxin-producing species in food samples. the present study was aimed at the development an ... | 2006 | 16841320 |
| mycotoxin fumonisin b1 selectively down-regulates the basal il-8 expression in pig intestine: in vivo and in vitro studies. | fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) is a mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides and f. proliferatum, common contaminants of maize. fb(1) causes toxicological effects in laboratory and domestic animals including pigs. the gastrointestinal tract represents a barrier encountered by exogenous food compounds. the purpose of our study was to determine fb(1) effects on intestinal immune response. nine recently weaned piglets orally received 0.5 mg of purified toxin/kg of body weight/day for 7 days, while ei ... | 2006 | 16843581 |
| fumonisin production and bioavailability to maize seedlings grown from seeds inoculated with fusarium verticillioides and grown in natural soils. | the fungus fusarium verticillioides infects maize and produces fumonisins. the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of f. verticillioides to produce fumonisins in synthetic and natural soils and their biological availability to maize roots. maize seeds were inoculated with a pathogenic strain of f. verticillioides (mrc826) and planted in synthetic and three different natural soils. there were statistically significant reductions in stalk weight and root mass and increased leaf lesi ... | 2006 | 16848565 |
| detection of new fumonisin mycotoxins and fumonisin-like compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry. | fumonisins were produced in a rice culture infected with fusarium verticillioides. to decrease the possibility of the formation of artifacts, the fumonisins were analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/esi-it-ms2) immediately after the extraction of the culture material without any sample clean-up. in addition to already known fumonisins, numerous new fumonisin mycotoxins and fumonisin-like compound ... | 2006 | 16871522 |
| generation and analysis of expressed sequence tags from botrytis cinerea. | botrytis cinerea is a filamentous plant pathogen of a wide range of plant species, and its infection may cause enormous damage both during plant growth and in the post-harvest phase. we have constructed a cdna library from an isolate of b. cinerea and have sequenced 11,482 expressed sequence tags that were assembled into 1,003 contigs sequences and 3,032 singletons. approximately 81% of the unigenes showed significant similarity to genes coding for proteins with known functions: more than 50% of ... | 2006 | 16874411 |
| directed evolution and characterization of a novel d-pantonohydrolase from fusarium moniliforme. | d-pantonohydrolase has attracted increasing attention as a biocatalyst for stereospecific production of d-pantoic acid. the fusarium moniliforme d-pantonohydrolase was selected for directed evolution through error-prone polymerase chain reaction (pcr) combined with dna shuffling for improved activity and ph stability using a convenient two-step high-throughput screening method based on the product formation and ph indicator. after three sequential error-prone pcrs and two rounds of dna shuffling ... | 2006 | 16881683 |
| maize (zea mays l.) genetic factors for preventing fumonisin contamination. | fusarium moniliforme and fusarium proliferatum are the most frequently isolated fungi from maize (zea mays l.) in spain. both fusarium species produce toxins potentially dangerous for animals and humans, the fumonisins being the most significant of those toxins. white maize is preferred for human consumption, and extra care should be taken to avoid kernel mycotoxin contamination. the objectives of this study were to identify and quantify kernel infection by fusarium spp. and contamination by fum ... | 2006 | 16881725 |
| incidence of fusarium verticillioides and levels of fumonisins in corn from main production areas in iran. | a total of 52 corn samples collected in 2000 from four main corn production provinces of iran (fars, kermanshah, khuzestan, and mazandaran) were analyzed for contamination with fusarium verticillioides and fumonisins (fb(1), fb(2), fb(3), and 3-epi-fb(3)). the mean incidence of f. verticillioides (percent of kernels infected) for these four areas was 26.7, 21.4, 24.9, and 59.0%, respectively. the incidence in mazandaran was significantly (p < 0.05) above that of the other areas. all samples from ... | 2006 | 16881726 |
| fusarium tri4 encodes a multifunctional oxygenase required for trichothecene biosynthesis. | fusarium graminearum and fusarium sporotrichioides produce the trichothecene mycotoxins 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol and t-2 toxin, respectively. in both species, disruption of the p450 monooxygenase-encoding gene, tri4, blocks production of the mycotoxins and leads to the accumulation of the trichothecene precursor trichodiene. to further characterize its function, the f. graminearum tri4 (fgtri4) was heterologously expressed in the trichothecene-nonproducing species fusarium verticillioides. transg ... | 2006 | 16917519 |
| characterization and genetic variability of fusarium verticillioides strains isolated from corn and sorghum in brazil based on fumonisins production, microsatellites, mating type locus, and mating crosses. | fusarium verticillioides (gibberella fujikuroi mating population a) is a producer of fumonisins and one of the main contaminants of corn grains. in brazil, some studies analyzing strains isolated from corn have demonstrated high levels of fumonisins, whereas the levels for strains isolated from sorghum have been found to be low. in the present study, we investigated the genetic diversity of 22 f. verticillioides strains isolated from corn and 21 strains isolated from sorghum cultivated in the st ... | 2006 | 16917539 |
| effect of fumonisins on macrophage immune functions and gene expression of cytokines in broilers. | fumonisin (fb1), a mycotoxin, is produced by fusarium moniliforme and f. proliferatum. a prevalence survey in taiwan by our laboratory showed that there was a contamination rate of 40% in domestic animal feeds, and the average contaminated level was 4.5 mg/kg. ninety-six birds were allotted into four treatments fed with diets containing 0 (control), 5, 10, or 15 mg/kg of fb1 for three weeks. the results showed that the growth performance was not influenced by the fb1 challenge, but relative burs ... | 2006 | 16921924 |
| effect of sorting on incidence and occurrence of fumonisins and fusarium verticillioides on maize from nigeria. | fumonisin mycotoxins are commonly found on maize and pose a health risk to humans and domesticated animals. visible sorting of grain has been suggested as a simple technique that can be used to reduce exposure to fumonisins. we collected maize samples in 2003 from different farms in the kaduna state of nigeria (northern guinea savanna agroecological zone) that had been sorted by farmers as either good quality or poor quality. the amount of fumonisins and the presence of fusarium verticillioides ... | 2006 | 16924936 |
| a novel mfs transporter encoding gene in fusarium verticillioides probably involved in iron-siderophore transport. | the major facilitator superfamily (mfs) is a ubiquitous group of proteins involved in the transport of a wide range of compounds, including toxins produced by fungal species. in this paper, a novel mfs encoding gene (fusarium iron related gene or fir1), which had shown an up-regulation in fumonisin-inducing conditions, has been identified and characterized. the deduced protein sequence, which predicted 14 transmembrane domains typical of mfs transporters and its phylogenetic relationships with r ... | 2006 | 16938445 |
| fumonisin production in rice cultures of fusarium verticillioides under different incubation conditions using an optimized analytical method. | fumonisin b1 (fb1) and fumonisin b2 (fb2) are the main members of a family of mycotoxins produced by various fungal species belonging to the gibberella fujikuroi complex. the present work shows the results of a comparative study of various clean-up and derivatization procedures for analysis of fumonisins in rice cultures. fumonisins were extracted from rice with acetonitrile/water (50/50, v/v). for clean-up, three solid-phase extraction procedures were assayed (c18 cartridge, sax cartridge, and ... | 2006 | 16942995 |
| biotransformations of ent-18-acetoxy-6-ketomanoyl oxides epimers at c-13 with filamentous fungi. | two ent-18-acetoxy-6-oxomanoyl oxides, epimers at c-13, have been prepared from ent-6alpha,8alpha,18-trihydroxylabda-13(16),14-diene (andalusol), isolated from sideritis foetens, by means of several chemical pathways and a regioselective acylation with candida cylindracea lipase (ccl). biotransformation of these 13-epimeric ent-manoyl oxides by fusarium moniliforme and neurospora crassa produced mainly ent-1beta- or ent-11alpha-hydroxylations, as well as their deacetylated derivatives, in both e ... | 2006 | 16956632 |
| ceramide synthase inhibition by fumonisin b1 treatment activates sphingolipid-metabolizing systems in mouse liver. | sphingolipids are important components of cell structure and cell signaling. both external and internal stimuli can alter levels of cellular sphingolipids by regulating enzyme activities associated with sphingolipid metabolism. fumonisin b1, mycotoxin produced by fusarium verticillioides, is a reportedly specific inhibitor of ceramide synthase. in order to test our hypothesis whether ceramide synthase inhibition by fumonisin b1 alters other sphingolipid-metabolizing enzymes, we investigated the ... | 2006 | 16960033 |
| antimicrobial activity of extracts of chemical races of the lichen pseudevernia furfuracea and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents. | the antimicrobial activity and the mic values of the ethanol, chloroform, diethyl ether, and acetone extracts of the chemical races of pseudevernia furfuracea (var. furfuracea and var. ceratea) and their physodic acid, chloroatranorin, atranorin, and olivetoric acid constituents have been investigated against some microorganisms. nearly all extracts of both chemical races showed antimicrobial activity against aeromonas hydrophila, bacillus cereus, bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, prote ... | 2006 | 16989308 |
| biocontrol of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1, g2, and fumonisin b1 with 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin, a phytoalexin from citrus sinensis. | phytoalexins (stress-induced compounds) from citrus sinensis cultivar valencia were screened for antifungal and antimycotoxic activity against a test organism (cladosporium cladosporoides) and mycotoxin-producing fungi fusarium verticillioides and aspergillus parasiticus. the active compound, a member of the coumarin family of compounds, has antifungal and antimycotoxic activities and was chemically identified. high-performance liquid chromatography results indicated that valencia oranges contai ... | 2006 | 16995528 |
| fvve1 regulates filamentous growth, the ratio of microconidia to macroconidia and cell wall formation in fusarium verticillioides. | the velvet gene, vea, co-ordinates asexual and sexual development in the homothallic fungal species aspergillus nidulans. studies in aspergillus parasiticus and aspergillus fumigatus demonstrated that vea also regulates morphological differentiation in these species. whether vea has the same role in morphogenesis in other fungal genera has not been investigated. in this work, we studied the role of the vea homologue, fvve1, in the heterothallic fungus fusarium verticillioides. deletion of fvve1 ... | 2006 | 17054442 |
| real-time rt-pcr assay to quantify the expression of fum1 and fum19 genes from the fumonisin-producing fusarium verticillioides. | fumonisins are a group of mycotoxins produced by fusarium species of the gibberella fujikuroi species complex that contaminate food and feed products, and represent a risk for human and animal health. in this work, we have developed a specific real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) assay to quantify the level of expression of two genes of the fumonisin biosynthetic cluster in f. verticillioides: fum1 (that encodes a polyketide synthase enzyme) and the abc transporter encoding gene fum19. t ... | 2007 | 17055092 |
| antifungal properties of haem peroxidase from acorus calamus. | plants have evolved a number of inducible defence mechanisms against pathogen attack, including synthesis of pathogenesis-related proteins. the aim of the study was to purify and characterize antifungal protein from leaves of acorus calamus. | 2006 | 17056613 |
| cloning and sequencing of cdna and genomic dna encoding pdm phosphatase of fusarium moniliforme. | pdm phosphatase was purified approximately 500-fold through six steps from the extract of dried powder of the culture filtrate of fusarium moniliforme. the purified preparation appeared homogeneous on sds-page although the protein band was broad. amino acid sequence information was collected on tryptic peptides from this preparation. cdna cloning was carried out based on the information. a full-length cdna was obtained and sequenced. the sequence had an open reading frame of 651 amino acid resid ... | 2006 | 17071948 |
| s-adenosylmethionine or 5'-methylthioadenosine are unable to prevent fumonisin b1 hepatotoxicity in mice despite increased oxidation in liver. | fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by the fugus fusarium verticillioides, a common fungus growing on corn. fumonisin b(1) (fb(1)) is the most toxic and prevalent fumonisin detected in corn and corn-based foods. it produces species-, gender-specific damage, and is hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic in rodents. disruption of sphingolipid metabolism resulting from inhibition of ceramide synthase leads to alterations of cell signaling events, particularly tumor necrosis factor (tnf)alpha signal pathways an ... | 2006 | 17080400 |
| a lectin with antifungal and mitogenic activities from red cluster pepper (capsicum frutescens) seeds. | a monomeric mannose/glucose-binding lectin, with a molecular mass of 29.5 kda and an n-terminal sequence gqrelkl showing resemblance to that of the lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor from the rabbit, has been isolated from the seeds of red cluster pepper capsium frutescens l. var. fasciculatum. the protocol involved anion exchange chromatography on diethylamino ethanol-cellulose and q-sepharose and fast protein liquid chromatography on mono q. its hemagglutinating activity tow ... | 2007 | 17082928 |
| the influence of modified atmospheres and their interaction with water activity on the radial growth and fumonisin b(1) production of fusarium verticillioides and f. proliferatum on corn. part i: the effect of initial headspace carbon dioxide concentration. | the effect of modified atmospheres on the growth and fumonisin b(1) production of fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum on corn is presented in a series of two papers. in this, the first part, the effect of initial headspace (ih) carbon dioxide concentration and its interaction with water activity (a(w)) on growth and fumonisin b(1) production was evaluated. it was observed that at all a(w) values studied, increase in the ih co(2) concentration generally resulted in a decrease in th ... | 2007 | 17084933 |
| the influence of modified atmospheres and their interaction with water activity on the radial growth and fumonisin b(1) production of fusarium verticillioides and f. proliferatum on corn. part ii: the effect of initial headspace oxygen concentration. | this paper is the second in a series of two that describe the effect of modified atmospheres on the growth and mycotoxin production of fusarium verticillioides and fusarium proliferatum on corn. in this part, the effect of initial headspace (ih) oxygen concentration and its interaction with water activity (a(w)) on growth and fumonisin b(1) production was investigated. in addition, the impact of vacuum packaging and in-cooperation of o(2) scrubbing sachets was also studied. it was observed that ... | 2007 | 17084934 |
| synthesis of [1,2-13c2, 15n]-l-homoserine and its incorporation by the pks-nrps system of fusarium moniliforme into the mycotoxin fusarin c. | | 2007 | 17121404 |
| tagging target genes of the mat1-2-1 transcription factor in fusarium verticillioides (gibberella fujikuroi mp-a). | mating type in filamentous ascomycetes is controlled by idiomorphic alleles, named mat1-1 and mat1-2, which contain 1-3 genes. of these genes mat1-1-1 and mat1-2-1 encode putative transcription factors and are thus considered to be the major regulators of sexual communication and mating. fungi with no known sexual stage may also have fully functional mating type genes and therefore it was plausible to hypothesize that the mat products may also regulate other types of genes not involved directly ... | 2007 | 17124547 |
| deletion analysis of fum genes involved in tricarballylic ester formation during fumonisin biosynthesis. | fumonisins are carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by the maize ear rot pathogen gibberella moniliformis (anamorph fusarium verticillioides). these toxins consist of a linear polyketide-derived backbone substituted at various positions with an amine, one to four hydroxyl, two methyl, and two tricarballylic ester functions. in this study, we generated and characterized deletion mutants of g. moniliformis for five genes, fum7, fum10, fum11, fum14, and fum16 in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster. ... | 2006 | 17147424 |
| disease resistance conferred by the expression of a gene encoding a synthetic peptide in transgenic cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) plants. | fertile, transgenic cotton plants expressing the synthetic antimicrobial peptide, d4e1, were produced through agrobacterium-mediated transformation. pcr products and southern blots confirmed integration of the d4e1 gene, while rt-pcr of cotton rna confirmed the presence of d4e1 transcripts. in vitro assays with crude leaf protein extracts from t0 and t1 plants confirmed that d4e1 was expressed at sufficient levels to inhibit the growth of fusarium verticillioides and verticillium dahliae compare ... | 2005 | 17147626 |
| enhanced production of ligninolytic enzymes and decolorization of molasses distillery wastewater by fungi under solid state fermentation. | selected isolates of fungi were grown on wheat straw and corncob in the presence of different moistening agents such as water, molasses, potato dextrose broth and distillery effluent. all the fungal isolates responded differently with respect to growth and ligninolytic enzyme production. fungal growth on different substrates was checked by calculating ergosterol content, which varied widely within a single species when grown on different substrates. the maximum laccase production was obtained fo ... | 2007 | 17177104 |
| mould germination: data treatment and modelling. | the objectives of this study were i/ to examine germination data sets over a range of environmental conditions (water activity, temperature) for eight food spoilage moulds, ii/ to compare the ability of the gompertz equation and logistic function to fit the experimental plots, iii/ to simulate germination by assessing various distributions of the latent period for germination amongst a population of spores. data sets (percentage germination, p (%), versus time, t) of aspergillus carbonarius, asp ... | 2007 | 17188772 |
| growth kinetics of cultures from single spores of aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides on yellow dent corn meal. | a dilution protocol originally developed for the isolation of single bacterial cells was modified to suite the specificities of fungal growth. the modified protocol was used to study the growth kinetics of single spores of aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides on yellow dent corn meal. both a(w) and temperature significantly influenced the distributions of the colony growth rates and lag phases and the rate at which individual spores of both isolates completed the lag period. an intera ... | 2007 | 17189759 |
| yeast polysaccharide affects fusaric acid content in maize root rot. | protective action of sulfoethyl glucan (seg), a derivative of the cell wall glucan prepared from the baker's yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae, was investigated in the maize seedlings infected by a plant pathogen fusarium verticillioides (sacc.). several markers were assayed with the seg addition and in the control experiments. two evaluations were performed on the 7th and the 14th days. addition of seg led to the increased productivity parameters of the infected plants and maintained them at the l ... | 2005 | 17191965 |
| production of dihydroisocoumarins in fusarium verticillioides by swapping ketosynthase domain of the fungal iterative polyketide synthase fum1p with that of lovastatin diketide synthase. | | 2007 | 17199276 |
| zea mays: benzoxazolinone detoxification under sulfur deficiency conditions--a complex allelopathic alliance including endophytic fusarium verticillioides. | benzoxazolinone detoxification is similar in plants grown under sulfur deficiency conditions and in control plants grown with an optimal s supply. however, when s-deficient plants were treated with metolachlor before benzoxazolin-2(3h)-one (boa) incubation, detoxification was reduced, as indicated by a lower accumulation of the detoxification products boa-6-o-glucoside and glucoside carbamate and by a loss of boa-6-oh glucosyltransfease activity. root colonizing microorganisms and the endophytic ... | 2007 | 17200890 |
| spore killer polymorphism in fusarium moniliforme. | a spore killer trait, which exhibits genetic and cytological properties analogous to those previously found in neurospora, exists in natural populations of the fungal plant pathogen fusarium moniliforme. the genogeography of the polymorphism in f. moniliforme differs from the situation in neurospora intermedia. it is more akin to the situation in n. sitophila, although more extreme with respect to the prevalence of killer alleles: more than 80% of tested isolates of f. moniliforme carry the kill ... | 1982 | 17246093 |
| nitrate reduction mutants of fusarium moniliforme (gibberella fujikuroi). | twelve strains of fusarium moniliforme were examined for their ability to sector spontaneously on toxic chlorate medium. all strains sectored frequently; 91% of over 1200 colonies examined formed chlorate-resistant, mutant sectors. most of these mutants had lesions in the nitrate reduction pathway and were unable to utilize nitrate (nit mutants). nit mutations occurred in seven loci: a structural gene for nitrate reductase (nit1), a regulatory gene specific for the nitrate reduction pathway (nit ... | 1988 | 17246415 |
| antifungal acylcyclopentenediones from fruiting bodies of hygrophorus chrysodon. | chrysotriones a (1) and b (2), two new 2-acylcyclopentene-1,3-dione derivatives, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete hygrophorus chrysodon, and their structures were established by spectroscopic data and synthesis of compound 2. they represent the first examples of 2-acylcyclopentene-1,3-diones found in mushrooms and suggest an unprecedented biosynthetic pathway, starting from fatty acid derivatives. initial tests indicated interesting antifungal activity of chrysotriones ... | 2007 | 17253868 |
| natural occurrence of fusarium species, fumonisin production by toxigenic strains, and concentrations of fumonisins b1, and b2 in conventional and organic maize grown in spain. | sixty samples of corn from both conventional and organic farms were tested for internal fungal contamination. molds were identified to genus, and those belonging to the genus fusarium were identified to species. twenty isolates of fusarium verticillioides were tested with a high-performance liquid chromatography-naphthalene dicarboxaldehyde-fluorescence method for their ability to produce fumonisins b1 and b2. the internal fungal infection in organic maize (63.20%) was significantly higher than ... | 2007 | 17265874 |
| fumonisin disruption of ceramide biosynthesis in maize roots and the effects on plant development and fusarium verticillioides-induced seedling disease. | the fungus fusarium verticillioides infects maize and produces fumonisins, inhibitors of ceramide synthase. seeds of the cultivar silver queen were inoculated with fumonisin-producing or non-fumonisin-producing strains of f. verticillioides. leaf lesion incidence and severity of effects on root and stalk growth were significantly correlated with fumonisin in roots and disruption of sphingolipid metabolism in roots. uninoculated seeds grown in soil watered with solutions of fumonisin b1 exhibited ... | 2007 | 17381121 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of three species of artemisia on some soil-borne phytopathogens. | various species of the genus artemisia are used for their pharmacological, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity. three species of this genus, artemisia scoparia, a. sieberi and a. aucheri are widely distributed in desert area of iran. in order to identify the chemical composition, aerial parts of a. scoparia, a. sieberi and a. aucheri were collected from bajestan (khorasan province) at flowering stage. the essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation of air-dried samples and their chemical ... | 2006 | 17390897 |
| occurrence of fusarium species and trichothecenes in nigerian maize. | a total of 180 maize samples meant for human consumption from four maize-producing states of southwestern nigeria were screened for twelve major fusarium mycotoxins (trichothecenes). mycological examination of the samples showed that fusarium verticillioides was the most commonly isolated fungi (71%), followed by f. sporotrichioides (64%), f. graminearum (32%), f. pallidoroseum (15%), f. compactum (12%), f. equiseti (9%), f. acuminatum (8%), f. subglutinans (4%) and f. oxysporum (1%). the tricho ... | 2007 | 17412440 |