| [study on the characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease in the epidemic areas of south islands in china]. | to study the increasing incidence and the characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease in the areas of nan peng lie islands, nan ao island, wan shan archipelago, nao zhou island and lei zhou peninsula, located in the southern part of china and to develop strategies for preventive measures. | 2007 | 18399148 |
| epidemiological characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease in oita prefecture, japan: yearly and monthly occurrences of its infections and serotypes of its causative agent, orientia tsutsugamushi, during 1984--2005. | using indirect immunofluorescence assay, we examined the sera of 561 patients from november 1984 to february 2005 to determine the incidence of tsutsugamushi disease (scrub typhus) in oita prefecture, japan. the results obtained were positive in 384 individuals (68.4%). municipalities where patients were presumed to have been infected with orientia tsutsugamushi were taketa city (41.7%), oyama town (13.5%), and ogi town (8.3%). infections occurred most often in october, november, and december. a ... | 2008 | 18402595 |
| abnormal cell division caused by inclusion bodies in e. coli; increased resistance against external stress. | inclusion body formation occurs naturally in prokaryotic cells, but is particularly common when heterologous foreign proteins are overexpressed in bacterial systems. the plant disease virus protein cmv 3a (cucumber mosaic virus movement protein) and the 56 kda orientia tsutsugamushi (ot56) protein (an outer membrane protein), which causes tsutsugamushi disease, were expressed in escherichia coli, and found to form inclusion bodies. confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that these inclusion ... | 2008 | 18424015 |
| pulmonary pathology in patients associated with scrub typhus. | scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by orientia tsutsugamushi. severe cases resulting in mortality from this disease have rarely been reported. we present two scrub typhus cases (a man and a girl) who died of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). | 2008 | 18428046 |
| fibronectin facilitates the invasion of orientia tsutsugamushi into host cells through interaction with a 56-kda type-specific antigen. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium. the pathogen's mechanism of cellular invasion is poorly characterized. | 2008 | 18500929 |
| differential patterns of endothelial and leucocyte activation in 'typhus-like' illnesses in laos and thailand. | scrub typhus is responsible for a large proportion of undifferentiated fevers in south-east asia. the cellular tropism and pathophysiology of the causative agent, orientia tsutsugamushi, remain poorly understood. we measured endothelial and leucocyte activation by soluble cell adhesion molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in 242 lao and thai patients with scrub or murine typhus, leptospirosis, dengue, typhoid and uncomplicated falciparum malaria on admission to hospital. soluble e-selecti ... | 2008 | 18505434 |
| the whole-genome sequencing of the obligate intracellular bacterium orientia tsutsugamushi revealed massive gene amplification during reductive genome evolution. | scrub typhus ('tsutsugamushi' disease in japanese) is a mite-borne infectious disease. the causative agent is orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the family rickettsiaceae of the subdivision alpha-proteobacteria. in this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of o. tsutsugamushi strain ikeda, which comprises a single chromosome of 2 008 987 bp and contains 1967 protein coding sequences (cdss). the chromosome is much larger than those of other membe ... | 2008 | 18508905 |
| acute fulminant myocarditis in scrub typhus. | scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease caused by orientia tsutsugamushi in which humans are accidental hosts. it is a febrile illness which is confined to rural asia and the western pacific islands. severe complications are very rare. we report four cases of acute fulminant myocarditis in children with scrub typhus. this complication led to severe cardiogenic shock and death in two of them. we believe this is the first report of fulminant myocarditis complicating scrub typhus in children. | 2008 | 18510826 |
| [severe case of tsutsugamushi disease with disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute respiratory distress syndrome]. | a 65-year-old man was admitted because of high grade fever and cough after 3 days of gathering edible wild plants. although ceftriaxone was given to him, his symptoms did not improve. his high grade fever escalated after changing the antibiotics (imipenem with erythromycin). his situation further declined with disseminated intravascular coagulation (dic) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). as a result, he was transferred to the department of respiratory medicine 7 days after admissio ... | 2008 | 18517015 |
| genome-based construction of the metabolic pathways of orientia tsutsugamushi and comparative analysis within the rickettsiales order. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that belongs to the order of rickettsiales. recently, we have reported that o. tsutsugamushi has a unique genomic structure, consisting of highly repetitive sequences, and suggested that it may provide valuable insight into the evolution of intracellular bacteria. here, we have used genomic information to construct the major metabolic pathways of o. tsutsugamushi and performed a comparative analys ... | 2008 | 18528528 |
| comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of orientia tsutsugamushi in different epidemic areas of scrub typhus in shandong, china. | scrub typhus, caused by orientia tsutsugamushi, is a zoonosis that spreads rapidly in shandong, china. to investigate the molecular characterization of o. tsutsugamushi in new and old epidemic areas in shandong province, we compared the genetic relationships of o. tsutsugamushi between linyi and tai'an districts, typical old and new epidemic areas in shandong, respectively. o. tsutsugamushi was detected in blood from 12 of 16 patients in linyi and in eschar from 3 of 4 patients in tai'an; 17 of ... | 2008 | 18541778 |
| simple, rapid and sensitive detection of orientia tsutsugamushi by loop-isothermal dna amplification. | we present a loop-mediated isothermal pcr assay (lamp) targeting the groel gene, which encodes the 60kda heat shock protein of orientia tsutsugamushi. evaluation included testing of 63 samples of contemporary in vitro isolates, buffy coats and whole blood samples from patients with fever. detection limits for lamp were assessed by serial dilutions and quantitation by real-time pcr assay based on the same target gene: three copies/microl for linearized plasmids, 26 copies/microl for vero cell cul ... | 2008 | 18565558 |
| [tsutsugamushi disease during the last seven years in the past in hamamatsu city, shizuoka prefecture--including evaluation of hyponatremia in scrub typhus]. | six cases of scrub typhus (tsutsugamushi disease) were reported to the shizuoka prefecture hamamatsu city public health center during the seven years from 2001 to 2007. the content of the clinical record of the five cases were investigated. high serum titers of antibody to gilliam-type orientia tsutsugamushi were detected by immunofluorescense assay in most of these patients. fever, rash, headache and relative bradycardia seen at a high frequency. on peripheral blood smear examination, atypical ... | 2008 | 18697486 |
| effects of antibiotic treatment on the results of nested pcrs for scrub typhus. | in order to determine the effects of antibiotic treatment on the results of nested pcrs for scrub typhus, we investigated the frequency of positive outcomes at various times after antibiotic administration in patients with scrub typhus. the rate of detection by nested pcr with blood buffy coat before antibiotic administration was 90.5%. however, this decreased to 60.5% within 3 days after administration of antibiotics such as doxycycline and rifampin and to 10% by the fourth day following antibi ... | 2008 | 18716229 |
| [contribution of i.v. tarasevich to the study of tsutsugamushi disease]. | this article summarizes the results of study of tsutsugamushi disease in the primorye and tadzhikistan, in its epidemiology, diagnosis and biology of the rickettsia tsutsugamushi. there is also information on the vectors of the disease, rickettsial infection within chiggers and transtadial transmission from larva to nymph, hosts of trombiculids and natural infection with r. tsutsugamushi. | 2008 | 18756782 |
| genotyping of orientia tsutsugamushi from humans with scrub typhus, laos. | | 2008 | 18760027 |
| [tsutsugamushi disease complicated with duodenal ulcer bleeding]. | | 2008 | 18788418 |
| diagnosis of scrub typhus by immunohistochemical staining of orientia tsutsugamushi in cutaneous lesions. | we assessed the clinical usefulness of immunohistochemical staining on skin biopsy specimens for the diagnosis of scrub typhus compared with indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay (ifa), the definitive diagnostic method for scrub typhus, in a prospective study of 125 patients with possible scrub typhus in 2005 and 2006. skin biopsy specimens were obtained from 63 patients. to minimize the effects caused by antibiotics on immunohistochemical results, 46 patients were assessed before antibiotic ... | 2008 | 18794046 |
| electron-microscopic observation of mouse spleen tissue infected with orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from shandong, china. | low-virulent orientia tsutsugamushi (ot) were successfully isolated from scrub typhus patients in shandong, china, and the isolates were similar to the kawasaki type identified by nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr). to identify the morphological characterization of the low-virulent ot, and elucidate the pathological changes on host cells, mouse spleen tissue infected with the ot isolated from shandong was used for the ultrastructural study. transmission electron microscopy showed that the ot ... | 2008 | 18799810 |
| an application of duplex pcr for detection of leptospira spp. and orientia tsutsugamushi from wild rodents. | duplex pcr is useful for detecting two different agents from the same specimen. kidney specimens are the most suitable for detection of leptospira spp. for orientia tsutsugamushi, blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens are considered the most suitable. for this study, kidney tissues were the only specimens obtainable for the pcr. blood clots, spleen, and liver specimens were not available. however, by using the pcr for scrub typhus, o. tsutsugamushi was detected in the kidney of one rodent. th ... | 2008 | 18806355 |
| does my genome look big in this? | | 2008 | 19008888 |
| scrub typhus as a possible aetiology of guillain-barré syndrome: two cases. | neurological complications of scrub typhus are reported to be rare. peripheral nervous system involvement has been reported in only one case. we present two cases of guillan-barré syndrome (gbs) associated with scrub typhus. in both cases, the findings of an elevated indirect immunofluorescent antibody titer for orientia tsutsugamushi and nerve conduction study showing sensory-motor polyneuropathy, have led us to believe that scrub typhus could be one of the antecedent illnesses associated with ... | 2009 | 19009332 |
| pediatric scrub typhus in indian himalayas. | to retrospectively confirm the suspected rickettsial disease (scrub typhus) using a gold standard diagnostic test i.e. microimmunofluorescence in pediatric patients with acute febrile illness of unknown etiology. two serological tests, weil-felix and microimmunofluorescence were used to confirm infection. all five children had fever, vomiting and generalized lymphadenopathy, but none had eschar or rash. one was cured with doxycycline, remaining four patients treated with azithromycin and one die ... | 2008 | 19011809 |
| scrub typhus mimicking deep neck infection. | scrub typhus is not uncommon in asia and it is life threatening without correct treatment. the presentation of scrub typhus mimicking deep neck infection is rarely encountered by clinical physicians and delays the determination of the correct diagnosis. here, we report a case of scrub typhus presenting symptoms like deep neck infection. the patient was admitted due to fever and a tender swelling on left side of his neck, which progressed to respiratory failure and acute renal failure under empir ... | 2008 | 19015616 |
| association of high orientia tsutsugamushi dna loads with disease of greater severity in adults with scrub typhus. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the cause of scrub typhus, is a major pathogen in the asia-pacific region. the severity of infection ranges from mild features to multiorgan failure and death. the aim of this prospective study was to define the o. tsutsugamushi loads in the blood samples of patients with scrub typhus on the day of hospital admission and to determine whether this was associated with disease severity. quantitation was performed using a real-time pcr assay targeting the 16s rrna gene of o. ... | 2009 | 19091812 |
| [clinical manifestations and epidemic factors of autumn-winter type scrub typhus in children from northern new endemic area]. | scrub typhus is an infectious disease due to orientia tsutsugamushi transmitted by infected chigger mites. scrub typhus has long been recognized to occur in southern areas of china, but has recently been increasingly often reported from the north since the first case was reported in mengyin county, shandong province in 1986. the key objectives of the present study were to investigate the clinical manifestations and epidemic factors of scrub typhus in children from the northern new natural foci. | 2008 | 19099688 |
| [molecular epidemiological study on the host and role of the hantavirus and orientia tsutsugamushi in the same epidemic area]. | to investigate whether hantavirus (hv) and orientia tsutsugamushi ( ot) can naturally infect and coexist in their host and role. | 2008 | 19115620 |
| orientia tsutsugamushi bacteremia and cytokine levels in vietnamese scrub typhus patients. | scrub typhus, caused by the intracellular bacterium orientia tsutsugamushi, is a major cause of febrile illness in the asia/pacific region. here, we implemented a novel real-time pcr and determined the relation of dna target gene concentration with serum cytokine levels. the limit of detection of the novel real-time pcr was 1,062 dna copies per ml of edta whole blood. specificity was excellent as determined on a panel of blood- and skin-borne bacteria, including rickettsia spp. as well as health ... | 2009 | 19144812 |
| scrub typhus: the geographic distribution of phenotypic and genotypic variants of orientia tsutsugamushi. | orientia tsutsugamushi is the etiological agent of scrub typhus, an acute, mite-borne, febrile illness that occurs in the asia-pacific region. historically, strain characterization used serological analysis and revealed dramatic antigenic diversity. eyeing a recommendation of potential vaccine candidates for broad protection, we review geographic diversity and serological and dna prevalences. dna analysis together with immunological analysis suggest that the prototype karp strain and closely rel ... | 2009 | 19220144 |
| mucosal adjuvanticity of a shigella invasin complex with dna-based vaccines. | protection against many infectious diseases may require the induction of cell-mediated and mucosal immunity. immunization with plasmid dna-based vaccines has successfully induced cell-mediated immune responses in small animals but is less potent in humans. therefore, several methods are under investigation to augment dna vaccine immunogenicity. in the current study, a mucosal adjuvant consisting of an invasin protein-lipopolysaccharide complex (invaplex) isolated from shigella spp. was evaluated ... | 2009 | 19225079 |
| an unusual presentation of scrub typhus with atraumatic hemoperitoneum. | | 2009 | 19259082 |
| identification of cross-reactive epitopes on the conserved 47-kilodalton antigen of orientia tsutsugamushi and human serine protease. | orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus. one of the protein antigens of this species, the conserved 47-kda protein (htra), has been shown to induce an antibody response in patients and can provide protective immunity against live challenge by orientia in mice. pepscan experiments identified many peptide epitope clusters in different parts of this protein. the majority of the most reactive epitopes are located at the c terminus of the protein (from amino acid 333 to amino ac ... | 2009 | 19289508 |
| activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases is involved in the induction of interferon beta gene in macrophages infected with orientia tsutsugamushi. | we investigated the role of mapk in ifn-beta gene expression in macrophages after infection with orientia tsutsugamushi. erk1/2 became phosphorylated in orientia-stimulated macrophages. selective inhibition of erk1/2 and p38 mapk could all significantly reduce orientia-stimulated ifn-beta mrna expression. orientia inactivation by heat abolished ifn-beta mrna induction only, whereas cytochalasin d treatment completely blocked both ifn-beta and chemokine expression, suggesting requirement of cellu ... | 2009 | 19291097 |
| rickettsioses presenting as major joint arthritis and erythema nodosum: description of four patients. | erythema nodosum and aseptic arthritis are recognized associations of rickettsial infections. however, they usually present with a febrile illness rather than with severe arthritis. we report three patients who presented with incapacitating major joint arthritis and one who presented with severe spondyloarthropathy in addition to major joint arthritis due to serologically confirmed orientia tsutsugamushi and rickettsia conorii infections. all of them had erythema nodosum and low-grade fever. the ... | 2009 | 19319622 |
| comparison of indirect immunofluorescence assays for diagnosis of scrub typhus and murine typhus using venous blood and finger prick filter paper blood spots. | we performed indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifas) to compare levels of igm and igg antibodies to orientia tsutsugamushi and rickettsia typhi in admission-phase serum samples and filter paper blood spots (assayed immediately and stored at 5.4 degrees c and 29 degrees c for 30 days) collected on the same day from 53 adults with suspected scrub typhus and murine typhus admitted to mahosot hospital vientiane, lao people's democratic republic. the sensitivities and specificities of admission-pha ... | 2009 | 19407134 |
| [incidence and type of monoclonal or biclonal gammopathies in scrub typhus]. | korea is an endemic area of scrub typhus and it is a common seasonal febrile illness. although, various humoral immune responses to scrub typhus have been documented, no association between gammopathy and scrub typhus has ever been reported. we analyzed the incidences and types of monoclonal and biclonal gammopathies in scrub typhus for better coping with those gammopathies in scrub typhus. | 2009 | 19411777 |
| a highly sensitive quantitative real-time pcr assay based on the groel gene of contemporary thai strains of orientia tsutsugamushi. | partial nucleotide sequences (459 bp) of the groel gene (encoding the 60-kda heat shock protein, hsp60) from 23 contemporary isolates of orientia tsutsugamushi isolated from patients with acute scrub typhus in thailand were compared with 16 reference strain sequences to evaluate the potential of groel as a conserved and representative target for molecular diagnostics.. overall nucleotide identity within all available o. tsutsugamushi isolates (n = 39) was 98.8% (range: 95.0-100), reflecting a hi ... | 2009 | 19416296 |
| shotgun proteomics of orientia tsutsugamushi. | | 2009 | 19438636 |
| assessment of a quantitative multiplex 5' nuclease real-time pcr for spotted fever and typhus group rickettsioses and orientia tsutsugamushi. | | 2009 | 19438655 |
| unusual pancytopenia secondary to haemophagocytosis syndrome in rickettsioses. | we report two patients who presented with a long-lasting febrile illness associated with pancytopenia. both of them had evidence of hypercellular marrow with haemophagocytosis. they were confirmed as having rickettsial infections by serology and had a rapid haematological recovery with anti-rickettsial antibiotics. we highlight the importance of considering rickettsial infections in patients with such clinical presentations, especially in areas where these infections are endemic or re-emerging. ... | 2009 | 19446860 |
| "candidatus cryptoprodotis polytropus," a novel rickettsia-like organism in the ciliated protist pseudomicrothorax dubius (ciliophora, nassophorea). | rickettsia-like organisms (rlo) are obligate, often highly fastidious, intracellular bacterial parasites associated with a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. despite their importance as causative agents of severe mortality outbreaks in farmed aquatic species, little is known about their life cycle and their host range. the present work reports the characterization of "candidatus cryptoprodotis polytropus," a novel rickettsia-like bacterium associated with the common ciliate species ps ... | 2009 | 19457052 |
| development of a puc19-based recombinant plasmid to serve as a positive control in pcr for orientia tsutsugamushi. | a recombinant positive control plasmid was developed to be used in pcr for orientia tsutsugamushi. this puc19-based plasmid contains the o. tsutsugamushi dna sequence, part of which is replaced with candida albicans dna. puc19-posi is a pcr control that provides several advantages over currently used positive controls for both universal and serotypical pcr. | 2009 | 19457173 |
| does il-17 play a role in hepatic dysfunction of scrub typhus patients? | scrub typhus is a zoonotic disease that is caused by orientia tsutsugamushi. although hepatic dysfunction occurred in 77-96.7% of the scrub typhus patients, its mechanism is unknown. il-17 is a potent proinflammatory cytokine known for its role in several chronic disease conditions. abundant il-17 was found in conditions affected by microbial pathogens, including the synovial fluid of patients with lyme arthritis or chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis, helicobacter pylori-infected gastric mucos ... | 2010 | 19485773 |
| first report of an orientia tsutsugamushi type ta716-related scrub typhus infection in thailand. | orientia tsutsugamushi causes scrub typhus and is a rural zoonosis endemic in the asia pacific region. this is the first report of o. tsutsugamushi ta716-like strain in a human in thailand. the patient was in the 1st trimester of pregnancy when she developed scrub typhus. the o. tsutsugamushi strain ta716 was detected from her admission blood sample, and the pregnancy ended in spontaneous abortion. the effects of scrub typhus in pregnant women and the pregnancy outcome are sparsely documented in ... | 2010 | 19492945 |
| mitogen-activated protein kinases are involved in tumor necrosis factor alpha production in macrophages infected with orientia tsutsugamushi. | orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligatory intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus. here the role of mapk in tnf-alpha production in macrophages after infection with o. tsutsugamushi has been investigated. erk1/2, jnk, and p38 mapk became phosphorylated in orientia-stimulated macrophages. selective inhibitors of mapk cascades could all significantly reduce orientia-stimulated tnf-alpha production. orientia-stimulated tnf-alpha production via p38 and jnk pathways was regulated ... | 2009 | 19493203 |
| clinical characteristics of the autumn-winter type scrub typhus cases in south of shandong province, northern china. | before 1986, scrub typhus was only found endemic in southern china. because human infections typically occur in the summer, it is called "summer type". during the autumn-winter period of 1986, a new type of scrub typhus was identified in shandong and northern jiangsu province of northern china. this newly recognized scrub typhus was subsequently reported in many areas of northern china and was then called "autumn-winter type". however, clinical characteristics of associated cases have not been r ... | 2009 | 19493361 |
| levofloxacin versus tetracycline antibiotics for the treatment of scrub typhus. | scrub typhus is an important febrile disease in southeast asia and is caused by orientia tsutsugamushi. fluoroquinolones have proved to be effective for scrub typhus in an animal model. however, it is unclear whether they are also effective clinically. | 2010 | 19501007 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of antibiotic-sensitive and insensitive isolates of orientia tsutsugamushi. | scrub typhus, caused by infection with orientia tsutsugamushi, is probably the most common severe rickettsial disease. early diagnosis followed by treatment with antibiotics such as doxycycline or chloramphenicol usually quickly decreases fever in patients, and they often recover well from other symptoms of the disease. however, poorly responsive cases have been reported from northern thailand and southern india. in order to identify protein factors that may be partially responsible for differen ... | 2009 | 19538261 |
| novel polysaccharide antigen of orientia tsutsugamushi revealed by a monoclonal antibody. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in the cytosol of host cells. although several protein antigens have been characterized and cloned, little information exists regarding the polysaccharide antigen of this bacterium. in this study, we identified and characterized a novel antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody (mab), nt19, against o. tsutsugamushi. immunofluorescence microscopic studies showed that the nt19 antigen ... | 2009 | 19566581 |
| scrub typhus (orientia tsutsugamushi), spotted fever (rickettsia australis) and dengue fever as possible causes of mysterious deaths in the strickland gorge area of southern highlands and west sepik provinces of papua new guinea. | a medical investigation was carried out in april 2001 into an outbreak of a mysterious haemorrhagic disease and deaths in the remote picturesque strickland river area of papua new guinea (png). the area is in part of the southern highlands and west sepik provinces and situated downstream from the porgera joint venture gold mine. 9 villages were visited and 140 persons, consisting of immediate blood relatives of the deceased (cases) and others in the village picked at random (controls), were phys ... | 2007 | 19583101 |
| scrub typhus in patients with liver cirrhosis: a preliminary study. | scrub typhus is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by the organism orientia tsutsugamushi. however, to date, there have been no clearly identified determinants or reports published on the clinical severity of scrub typhus in liver cirrhosis (lc) patients. this study was carried out by retrospectively reviewing medical records accumulated over 7 years at a tertiary hospital. sixteen patients of 160 had underlying lc, and they were defined as 'cases'; those without underlying lc were de ... | 2010 | 19624507 |
| correlation between the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and the severity of disease in patients infected with orientia tsutsugamushi. | patients with tsutsugamushi disease sometimes die if they do not receive appropriate chemotherapy. this study measured the concentration of several cytokines both before and after the administration of tetracyclines, and evaluated the changes in cytokine levels in patient serum to investigate the relationship between serum levels of cytokines and disease severity. | 2010 | 19699129 |
| rickettsial diseases in haryana: not an uncommon entity. | rickettsioses have not been reported from the plains of north india and haryana in particular. here we are reporting three cases of scrub typhus and one cases of indian tick typhus in the state of haryana, all of which presented with fever and multi organ dysfunction, rash and without eschar. all were successfully treated with doxycycline. | 2009 | 19702040 |
| scrub typhus mimicking enteric fever; a report of three patients. | we report three patients who presented with fever and late onset diarrhoea mimicking enteric fever. all three patients were diagnosed with an orientia tsutsugamushi infection and responded dramatically to doxycycline treatment. clinicians practicing in rickettsial disease endemic areas should be made aware of similar clinical presentations in order to prevent morbidity and mortality associated with rickettsioses. | 2010 | 19762057 |
| a serosurvey of orientia tsutsugamushi from patients with scrub typhus. | many countries where scrub typhus is endemic use their own cutoff values for antibody titres to differentiate between cured cases and current infections. to establish an antibody titre cutoff value, one needs to investigate the seroprevalence in endemic areas, and the duration of the increase in titre after complete cure. we conducted a follow-up study of anti-orientia tsutsugamushi antibody titres using indirect immunofluorescence assays (ifa) and passive haemagglutination assays (pha) in patie ... | 2010 | 19778303 |
| characterisation of orientia tsutsugamushi genotypes from wild rodents and chigger mites in korea. | | 2009 | 19793117 |
| clinical course of monoclonal and oligoclonal gammopathies in patients infected with orientia tsutsugamushi. | although we have encountered many cases of monoclonal gammopathies (mgs) or oligoclonal gammopathies (ogs) in patients with orientia tsutsugamushi infections, the clinical course of mg/og associated with these infections has rarely been reported. we serially monitored 18 cases of mg/og that appeared in the acute phase or early convalescent phase of scrub typhus. all mgs/ogs associated with infection with o. tsutsugamushi disappeared 7-15 weeks after treatment with doxycycline. in three cases of ... | 2009 | 19815883 |
| scrub typhus induced by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the immunocompromised patient: diagnostic usefulness of nested polymerase chain reaction. | scrub typhus (orientia tsutsugamushi) is a gram-negative rickettsial disease in parts of asia, transmitted from wild rodents to human by mites. this is a case report of scrub typhus contraction in an acute leukemia patient by transfusion of peripheral blood stem cells collected during the incubation period. although human-to-human transmission of scrub typhus by needle-stick injury or transplacental transmission has previously been reported, this is the first case confirmed by polymerase chain r ... | 2010 | 19843286 |
| acute sensorineural hearing loss and severe otalgia due to scrub typhus. | scrub typhus is an acute febrile illness caused by orientia tsutsugamushi. | 2009 | 19849842 |
| [occurrence of tsutsugamushi disease infection by orientia tsutsugamushi, kawasaki serotype, in yamagata prefecture, japan]. | of 95 tsutsugamushi disease case occurring in yamagata prefecture from 1999 to 2006, four-all women-involved the o. tsutsugamushi kawasaki serotype. the three major symptoms were fever, exanthema, and eschar present from mid-october to early november. serodiagnosis by indirect immunofluoresence assay showed elevated igg and igm antibody titers against the kawasaki serotype antigen, with igm higher than igg. nested pcr detected 56-kda dna in three of the cases. dna was amplified in kawasaki-speci ... | 2009 | 19860249 |
| acute q fever and scrub typhus, southern taiwan. | acute q fever and scrub typhus are zoonoses endemic to southern taiwan. among the 137 patients with acute q fever (89, 65.0%) or scrub typhus (43, 31.4%), we identified 5 patients (3.6%) who were co-infected with coxiella burnetii and orientia tsutsugamushi. | 2009 | 19861068 |
| contribution of rickettsioses in sri lankan patients with fever who responded to empirical doxycycline treatment. | twenty-eight febrile sri lankan patients with undiagnosed fever for 7 days after hospital admission, who responded to empirical treatment with doxycycline, were retrospectively investigated using microimmunofluorescence assay to verify whether they had rickettsial infection. eleven (39%) patients were confirmed as having spotted fever group rickettsioses and 10 (36%) as having orientia tsutsugamushi. seven were negative for all tests. this suggests that greater use of doxycycline appears justifi ... | 2010 | 19931108 |
| characteristics of pediatric scrub typhus in a new endemic region of northern china. | scrub typhus emerged in northern china in 1986. our objective was to document epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory features of pediatric scrub typhus in this new endemic area. | 2009 | 19935272 |
| transstadial and transovarial transmission of orientia tsutsugamushi in leptotrombidium imphalum and leptotrombidium chiangraiensis (acari: trombiculidae). | transovarial transmission of orientia tsutsugamushi (hayashi) in laboratory colonies of leptotrombidium chiangraiensis tanskul & linthicum and leptotrombidium imphalum (vercammen-grandjean & langston) (acari: trombiculidae) was studied for two generations. in l. chiangraiensis, the transovarial and filial infection rate was 100% in each generation. only infected females were produced. in l. imphalum, the transovarial infection rate of the parental generation was 100% but declined to 93.3% in the ... | 2009 | 19960694 |
| geographical distribution and relative abundance of vectors of scrub typhus in the republic of korea. | a survey to determine the geographical distribution and relative abundance of potential vectors of scrub typhus was conducted from october to november 2006 at 13 localities throughout the republic of korea. apodemus agrarius accounted for 97.6% (80/82) of all rodents, while only 2 myodes regulus (2/82) were collected. a total of 10,860 chiggers were collected from a. agrarius belonging to 4 genera and 8 species, while only walchia fragilis (40) was collected from myodes regulus. leptotrombidium ... | 2009 | 19967086 |
| infection of the endothelium by members of the order rickettsiales. | the vascular endothelium is the main target of a limited number of infectious agents, rickettsia, ehrlichia ruminantium, and orientia tsutsugamushi are among them. these arthropod-transmitted obligately-intracellular bacteria cause serious systemic diseases that are not infrequently lethal. in this review, we discuss the bacterial biology, vector biology, and clinical aspects of these conditions with particular emphasis on the interactions of these bacteria with the vascular endothelium and how ... | 2009 | 19967137 |
| accuracy of accessbio immunoglobulin m and total antibody rapid immunochromatographic assays for the diagnosis of acute scrub typhus infection. | using archived samples, we assessed the diagnostic capacity of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) for the detection of orientia tsutsugamushi igm and total antibodies to aid with the diagnosis of acute scrub typhus infection in febrile patients in laos. the sensitivity and the specificity of the ict for the detection of igm were 96.8% (121/125 samples; 95% confidence interval [ci], 92.1 to 99.1%) and 93.3% (98/105 samples; 95% ci, 86.7 to 97.3%), respectively. for the detection of total an ... | 2010 | 20016046 |
| scrub typhus in previously unrecognized areas of endemicity in china. | scrub typhus, caused by orientia tsutsugamushi, has emerged recently in areas of northern china where the disease had not been known to exist. we analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data for 104 patients who were admitted to a hospital in fuyang city between 26 september and 1 november 2008. we showed that the major clinical manifestations of the patients were fever (100%), headache (82%), myalgias (77%), eschar (67%), rash (52%), and unusual facial flushing (62%). among the 104 p ... | 2010 | 20129967 |
| intrinsic fluoroquinolone resistance in orientia tsutsugamushi. | scrub typhus is a public health concern for a population of over a billion humans, with an estimated incidence of one million cases/year in endemic areas. although doxycycline remains the standard therapy, fluoroquinolones have been used successfully in a few patients. however, there is also clinical evidence that fluoroquinolones are ineffective in the treatment of scrub typhus. to clarify this matter, we determined the in vitro susceptibility of orientia tsutsugamushi strain kato to ciprofloxa ... | 2010 | 20138477 |
| intracellular invasion by orientia tsutsugamushi is mediated by integrin signaling and actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular pathogen. previously, we reported that the 56-kda type-specific antigen (tsa56), a major outer membrane protein of o. tsutsugamushi, binds to fibronectin and facilitates bacterial entry into the host cell, potentially via an interaction with integrins. here, we demonstrated that o. tsutsugamushi colocalizes with integrin alpha 5 beta 1 and activates integrin signaling effectors, including focal adhesion kin ... | 2010 | 20160019 |
| global gene expression profile of orientia tsutsugamushi. | orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of scrub typhus. the control mechanisms for bacterial gene expression are largely unknown. here, the global gene expression of o. tsutsugamushi within eukaryotic cells was examined using a microarray and proteomic approaches for the first time. these approaches identified 643 genes, corresponding to approximately 30% of the genes encoded in the genome. the majority of expressed genes belonged to several functiona ... | 2010 | 20186754 |
| phylogenetic clustering of 4 prevalent virulence genes in orientia tsutsugamushi isolates from human patients. | the pathogenicity of microbes is involved in many kinds of virulence genes. the relationships between these virulence genes and strains are not clear in orientia tsutsugamushi yet. in this study, we confirmed the presence of the virulence genes and classified into o. tsutsugamushi isolates using phylogenetic analysis of the virulence genes. we also compared the fatality rates of every isolate via an infection experiment in balb/c mice using the o. tsutsugamushi isolates, deajeon03-01, wonju03-01 ... | 2010 | 20221740 |
| inhibition of orientia tsutsugamushi infection by a truncated recombinant 56-kda outer membrane protein. | the objective of this study was to evaluate recombinant 56-kda outer membrane protein as a potential inhibitor to infection from orientia tsutsugamushi. | 2010 | 20302599 |
| scrub typhus: an unrecognized threat in south india - clinical profile and predictors of mortality. | scrub typhus is an important cause of acute undifferentiated febrile illnesses in the indian subcontinent. delay in diagnosis and in the initiation of appropriate treatment can result in severe complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), septic shock and multisystem organ failure culminating in death. we conducted a prospective, observational study to delineate the clinical profile and predictors of mortality in scrub typhus in adults admitted to the medical wards of a tert ... | 2010 | 20360426 |
| clinical and laboratory findings associated with severe scrub typhus. | scrub typhus is a mite-borne bacterial infection of humans caused by orientia tsutsugamushi that causes a generalized vasculitis that may involve the tissues of any organ system. the aim of this study was to identify factors associated to severe complications from scrub typhus. | 2010 | 20433689 |
| scrub typhus pneumonitis. | | 2010 | 20466757 |
| orientia tsutsugamushi induced endothelial cell activation via the nod1-il-32 pathway. | orientia tsutsugamushi (ot), the causative agent of scrub typhus, is an obligate intracellular bacterium. in order to verify the inflammatory responses involved in the pathogenesis of scrub typhus, we assessed the cytokine profile of the human endothelial cell line, ecv304, after ot infection. we noted that ccl5, ccl17, il-1alpha, il-6, il-8, il-10, il-15, tnf-alpha and tnf-beta were strongly induced in response to ot. additionally, il-32, the candidate modulator for the induction of il-6 and il ... | 2010 | 20470879 |
| serological survey of five zoonoses, scrub typhus, japanese spotted fever, tularemia, lyme disease, and q fever, in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) in japan. | we investigated the seroprevalence of five tick- or mite-borne zoonoses, scrub typhus (orientia tsutsugamushi), japanese spotted fever (rickettsia japonica), tularemia (francisella tularensis), lyme disease (borrelia afzelii and borrelia garinii), and q fever (coxiella burnetii), in feral raccoons (procyon lotor) captured in hokkaido and kanagawa prefectures in japan. of the 559 raccoons captured in hokkaido, 8 (1.4%), 3 (0.5%), 1 (0.2%), and 1 (0.2%) carried antibodies against o. tsutsugamushi ... | 2011 | 20553108 |
| scrub typhus in southern india: are we doing enough? | scrub typhus is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by orientia tsutsugamushi. we report on a retrospective analysis of clinical manifestations, lab investigations and outcome of patients admitted to our hospital from january 2009 to december 2009 with scrub typhus. the weil-felix test was the serological method used to diagnose scrub typhus. a total of 29 patients were diagnosed with scrub typhus and the majority of them presented with fever (100%), headache (51%), myalgia (51%) and g ... | 2010 | 20555045 |
| scrub typhus in uttarakhand, india: a common rickettsial disease in an uncommon geographical region. | scrub typhus is a commonly encountered rickettsial disease of the indian subcontinent. humans are infected accidentally and the case fatality can be significantly high if the disease is not identified in time. we report nine cases of scrub typhus from the garhwal region of the newly created north indian state of uttarakhand, a region not previously known to harbour the vector. entomological studies are needed to study the density of the vector and to institute vector control measures in order to ... | 2010 | 20555054 |
| education and imaging. gastrointestinal: scrub typhus induced acute gastric ulceration. | | 2010 | 20594266 |
| a model for the transmission dynamics of orientia tsutsugamushi among its natural reservoirs. | the bacteria orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus, a prevalent disease in asian countries that can affect humans and which shows an alarming increase of cases during the last years, especially in rural areas. unfortunately, there is no vaccine for scrub typhus, and antibiotic treatments successfully used in the past appear to be inefficient to treat some strains of o. tsutsugamushi. we introduce a mathematical model that approximates the dynamics of the bacteria among it ... | 2010 | 20600142 |
| diagnosis and treatment of scrub typhus--the indian scenario. | | 2010 | 20649092 |
| outbreak of scrub typhus in pondicherry. | to describe the diverse clinical and laboratory manifestations of scrub typhus diagnosed in pondicherry institute of medical sciences, pondicherry. | 2010 | 20649095 |
| high rates of homologous recombination in the mite endosymbiont and opportunistic human pathogen orientia tsutsugamushi. | orientia tsutsugamushi is an intracellular alpha-proteobacterium which resides in trombiculid mites, and is the causative agent of scrub typhus in east asia. the genome sequence of this species has revealed an unprecedented number of repeat sequences, most notably of the genes encoding the conjugative properties of a type iv secretion system (t4ss). although this observation is consistent with frequent intragenomic recombination, the extent of homologous recombination (gene conversion) in this s ... | 2010 | 20651929 |
| [study on the transmission of hantaan virus and orientia tsutsugamushi by naturally dual infected leptotrombidium scutellare through stinging]. | to investigate whether leptotrombidium scutellare could be naturally infected by both hantaan virus (hv) and orientia tsutsugamushi (ot) and transmission status by stinging. | 2010 | 20654145 |
| scrub typhus associated macrophage activation syndrome. | macrophage activation syndrome (mas) is a rare phenomenon that occurs either primarily or secondary to a multitude of conditions, including juvenile rheumatoid arthritis most commonly, and other infections like enteric fever and tuberculosis. it has been reported as an extremely rare complication of scrub typhus with no cases presented from india. we report three cases of scrub typhus presenting with confirmed mas between january 2007 and december 2007 to a tertiary care hospital in south india. ... | 2010 | 20667920 |
| genome comparison and phylogenetic analysis of orientia tsutsugamushi strains. | orientia tsutsugamushi (ot) is an obligate intracellular bacterium belonging to the family rickettsiaceae and is the causative agent of scrub typhus, or tsutsugamushi disease. the complete genome sequences of two ot strains (boryong and ikeda) have recently been determined. in the present study, we performed a fine genome sequence comparison of these strains. our results indicate that although the core gene set of the family rickettsiaceae is highly conserved between the two strains, a common se ... | 2010 | 20682628 |
| accuracy of rapid igm-based immunochromatographic and immunoblot assays for diagnosis of acute scrub typhus and murine typhus infections in laos. | we studied the diagnostic accuracy of a rapid immunochromatographic test (ict) for detection of igm against scrub typhus (st ict) and an immunoblot test for the detection of igm against murine typhus (mt ibt) by using admission serum samples from 1,030 febrile patients in laos. sensitivity and specificity for the st ict determined by using the diagnostic criteria of a four-fold increase in igm against orientia tsutsugamushi between paired samples were 23.8% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 15.9-3 ... | 2010 | 20682883 |
| [a case of classical tsutsugamushi disease confirmed after an interval of 15 years in akita prefecture, japan]. | we report the confirmation of classical tsutsugamushi disease in august 2008. a 17-year-old woman seen for fever and eschar on the back reported having been bitten by an insect nine days earlier while fishing on the omonogawa river. the suspected culprit was leptotrombidium akamushi. during convalescence serum igm and igg antibody titers rose significantly against the kato serotype antigen in indirect immunoperoxidase staining. epidemiology, clinical symptoms and the antibodies detected suggeste ... | 2010 | 20715556 |
| phylogenetic analysis of 56-kda type-specific antigen gene of orientia tsutsugamushi isolates in taiwan. | scrub typhus is a rickettsial disease transmitted to humans through the bite of chigger mites infected with orientia tsutsugamushi, and is an endemic disease in taiwan. to elucidate the molecular epidemiology of o. tsutsugamushi, the complete open reading frame of the 56-kda type-specific antigen gene sequence of strains isolated from scrub typhus patients were determined and analyzed. a total of 116 isolates of o. tsutsugamushi were successfully isolated from patients infected in diverse geogra ... | 2010 | 20810835 |
| diversity of orientia tsutsugamushi clinical isolates in cambodia reveals active selection and recombination process. | orientia tsutsugamushi, the causative agent of scrub typhus in south east asia and pacific, is an obligate intracellular bacterium closely related to the rickettsia. the pathogen is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected larvae of trombiculid mites of the genus leptotrombidium in which is maintained trough vertical transmission mechanism. the infection in rodents has been described in over 20 species. scrub typhus is commonly confused with other tropical fevers and late diagnosis an ... | 2010 | 20854933 |
| scrub typhus involving central nervous system, india, 2004-2006. | | 2010 | 20875303 |
| serosurveillance of scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites near the dmz, northern gyeonggi-do, korea, and analysis of the relative abundance of chiggers from mammals examined. | comprehensive quarterly serosurveillance on scrub typhus in small mammals collected from military training sites located near the demilitarized zone (dmz), northern gyeonggi-do (province), rok was conducted to determine the potential rodent-borne and associated ectoparasite disease risks to military personnel. a total of 1,196 rodents and insectivores representing 8 species, apodemus agrarius (87.3%, n = 1,044), mus musculus (5.4%, n = 65), crocidura lasiura (3.3%, n = 40), microtus fortis (2.6% ... | 2010 | 20877503 |
| antigenic drift of orientia tsutsugamushi in south korea as identified by the sequence analysis of a 56-kda protein-encoding gene. | this study was performed to determine the nationwide antigenic diversity of orientia tsutsugamushi in south korea. sequence analysis was performed around variable domains i and ii of a 56-kda protein-encoding gene. we used eschar to overcome the disadvantages of conventional serotyping. the serological passive hemagglutination assay (pha) was assessed based on the genotyping results. we analyzed 153 isolates from scrub typhus patients in major endemic areas and found that boryong was the major s ... | 2010 | 20889895 |
| isolation of a novel orientia species (o. chuto sp. nov.) from a patient infected in dubai. | in july 2006, an australian tourist returning from dubai, in the united arab emirates (uae), developed acute scrub typhus. her signs and symptoms included fever, myalgia, headache, rash, and eschar. orientia tsutsugamushi serology demonstrated a 4-fold rise in antibody titers in paired serum collections (1:512 to 1:8,192), with the sera reacting strongest against the gilliam strain antigen. an orientia species was isolated by the in vitro culture of the patient's acute blood taken prior to antib ... | 2010 | 20926708 |
| hemophagocytosis in scrub typhus. | | 2010 | 20935405 |
| [tsutsugamushi disease rickettsia]. | | 2010 | 20942047 |
| isolated abducens nerve palsy in a patient with scrub typhus. | abducens nerve palsies associated with infectious diseases are infrequent. scrub typhus is an acute, febrile, infectious illness caused by orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly rickettsia tsutsugamushi), an obligate-intracellular gram-negative bacterium. the organism has been reported to be capable of entering the nervous system, causing meningitis and focal neurologic abnormalities. we report a case of isolated abducens nerve palsy associated with a scrub typhus infection. | 2010 | 21035078 |
| comparison of conventional, nested, and real-time quantitative pcr for diagnosis of scrub typhus. | orientia tsutsugamushi is the causative agent of scrub typhus. for the diagnosis of scrub typhus, we investigated the performances of conventional pcr (c-pcr), nested pcr (n-pcr), and real-time quantitative pcr (q-pcr) targeting the o. tsutsugamushi-specific 47-kda gene. to compare the detection sensitivities of the three techniques, we used two template systems that used plasmid dna (plasmid detection sensitivity), including a partial region of the 47-kda gene, and genomic dna (genomic detectio ... | 2010 | 21068287 |