| discovery of methylfarnesoate as the annelid brain hormone reveals an ancient role of sesquiterpenoids in reproduction. | animals require molecular signals to determine when to divert resources from somatic functions to reproduction. this decision is vital in animals that reproduce in an all-or-nothing mode, such as bristle worms: females committed to reproduction spend roughly half their body mass for yolk and egg production; following mass spawning, the parents die. an enigmatic brain hormone activity suppresses reproduction. we now identify this hormone as the sesquiterpenoid methylfarnesoate. methylfarnesoate s ... | 2016 | 27894418 |
| towards equity in health: researchers take stock. | for the 2016 end-of-the-year editorial, the plos medicine editors asked 7 global health leaders to discuss developments relevant to the equitable provision of medical care to all populations. the result is a collection of expert views on ethical trial design, research during outbreaks, high-burden infectious diseases, diversity in research and protection of migrants. | 2016 | 27898673 |
| editorial brain malformation surveillance in the zika era. | the current surveillance systems for congenital microcephaly are necessary to monitor the impact of zika virus (zikv) on the developing human brain, as well as the zikv prevention efforts. however, these congenital microcephaly surveillance systems are insufficient. abnormalities of neuronal differentiation, development and migration may occur among infants with normal head circumference who have intrauterine exposure to zikv. therefore, surveillance for congenital microcephaly does not ascertai ... | 0 | 27891785 |
| online platform for applying space-time scan statistics for prospectively detecting emerging hot spots of dengue fever. | cases of dengue fever have increased in areas of southeast asia in recent years. taiwan hit a record-high 42,856 cases in 2015, with the majority in southern tainan and kaohsiung cities. leveraging spatial statistics and geo-visualization techniques, we aim to design an online analytical tool for local public health workers to prospectively identify ongoing hot spots of dengue fever weekly at the village level. | 2016 | 27884135 |
| the ebola outbreak: catalyzing a "shift" in global health governance? | as the 2014 ebola virus disease outbreak (evd) transitions to its post-endemic phase, its impact on the future of global public health, particularly the world health organization (who), is the subject of continued debate. criticism of who's performance grew louder in the outbreak's wake, placing this international health un-specialized agency in the difficult position of navigating a complex series of reform recommendations put forth by different stakeholders. decisions on who governance reform ... | 2016 | 27881085 |
| efficacy of ulv and thermal aerosols of deltamethrin for control of aedes albopictus in nice, france. | ultra-low volume (ulv) insecticidal aerosols dispensed from vehicle-mounted cold-foggers are widely considered the method of choice for control of aedes aegypti and ae. albopictus during outbreaks of dengue and chikungunya and, more recently, zika. nevertheless, their effectiveness has been poorly studied, particularly in europe. nearly all published studies of ulv efficacy are bio-assays based on the mortality of caged mosquitoes. in our study we preferred to monitor the direct impact of treatm ... | 2016 | 27881181 |
| ebola, zika and the international health regulations - implications for port health preparedness. | the outbreak of ebola virus disease in west africa in 2014-2015 was unprecedented in terms of its scale and consequence. this, together with the emergence of zika virus as a public health emergency of international concern in 2016, has again highlighted the potential for disease to spread across international borders and provided an impetus for countries to review their port health preparedness. this report reviews the legislative framework and actions taken under this framework in advancing an ... | 2016 | 27871327 |
| akirin2 is essential for the formation of the cerebral cortex. | the proper spatial and temporal regulation of dorsal telencephalic progenitor behavior is a prerequisite for the formation of the highly-organized, six-layered cerebral cortex. premature differentiation of cells, disruption of cell cycle timing, excessive apoptosis, and/or incorrect neuronal migration signals can have devastating effects, resulting in a number of neurodevelopmental disorders involving microcephaly and/or lissencephaly. though genes encoding many key players in cortical developme ... | 2016 | 27871306 |
| assessment of icount software, a precise and fast egg counting tool for the mosquito vector aedes aegypti. | widespread in the tropics, the mosquito aedes aegypti is an important vector of many viruses, posing a significant threat to human health. vector monitoring often requires fecundity estimation by counting eggs laid by female mosquitoes. traditionally, manual data analyses have been used but this requires a lot of effort and is the methods are prone to errors. an easy tool to assess the number of eggs laid would facilitate experimentation and vector control operations. | 2016 | 27863526 |
| a case series of atypical presentation of zika virus infection in singapore. | the world health organization's and centers for disease control and prevention's definition of zika infection are symptoms of fever, rash, joint pain, myalgia, headache and conjunctivitis. the diagnosis of zika infection is based on the clinical history, physical examination and laboratory investigations which includes blood and urine zika virus polymerase chain reaction. | 2016 | 27855636 |
| an insecticide resistance-breaking mosquitocide targeting inward rectifier potassium channels in vectors of zika virus and malaria. | insecticide resistance is a growing threat to mosquito control programs around the world, thus creating the need to discover novel target sites and target-specific compounds for insecticide development. emerging evidence suggests that mosquito inward rectifier potassium (kir) channels represent viable molecular targets for developing insecticides with new mechanisms of action. here we describe the discovery and characterization of vu041, a submicromolar-affinity inhibitor of anopheles (an.) gamb ... | 2016 | 27849039 |
| the impact of heterogeneity and awareness in modeling epidemic spreading on multiplex networks. | in the real world, dynamic processes involving human beings are not disjoint. to capture the real complexity of such dynamics, we propose a novel model of the coevolution of epidemic and awareness spreading processes on a multiplex network, also introducing a preventive isolation strategy. our aim is to evaluate and quantify the joint impact of heterogeneity and awareness, under different socioeconomic conditions. considering, as case study, an emerging public health threat, zika virus, we intro ... | 2016 | 27848978 |
| hiv and zika: when will we be able to end these epidemics? | | 2016 | 27846847 |
| current medical research funding and frameworks are insufficient to address the health risks of global environmental change. | three major international agreements signed in 2015 are key milestones for transitioning to more sustainable and resilient societies: the un 2030 agenda for sustainable development; the sendai framework for disaster risk reduction; and the paris agreement under the united nations framework convention on climate change. together, these agreements underscore the critical importance of understanding and managing the health risks of global changes, to ensure continued population health improvements ... | 2016 | 27835959 |
| zika virus may affect the universal two-child policy: a new challenge for china. | | 2016 | 27832058 |
| developing a vaccine against zika. | | 2016 | 27834272 |
| three-dimensional rotating wall vessel-derived cell culture models for studying virus-host interactions. | the key to better understanding complex virus-host interactions is the utilization of robust three-dimensional (3d) human cell cultures that effectively recapitulate native tissue architecture and model the microenvironment. a lack of physiologically-relevant animal models for many viruses has limited the elucidation of factors that influence viral pathogenesis and of complex host immune mechanisms. conventional monolayer cell cultures may support viral infection, but are unable to form the tiss ... | 2016 | 27834891 |
| ebola research funding: a systematic analysis, 1997-2015. | the latest outbreak of ebola in west africa overwhelmed the affected countries, with the impact on health extending far beyond ebola-related deaths that have exceeded 11 000. the need to promptly mobilise resources to control emerging infections is widely recognized. yet, data on research funding for emerging infections remains inadequately documented. | 0 | 27909582 |
| estimating the subcritical transmissibility of the zika outbreak in the state of florida, usa, 2016. | florida state has reported autochthonous transmission of zika virus since late july 2016. here we assessed the transmissibility associated with the outbreak and generated a short-term forecast. | 2016 | 27829439 |
| directional and reoccurring sequence change in zoonotic rna virus genomes visualized by time-series word count. | ebolavirus, mers coronavirus and influenza virus are zoonotic rna viruses, which mutate very rapidly. viral growth depends on many host factors, but human cells may not provide the ideal growth conditions for viruses invading from nonhuman hosts. the present time-series analyses of short and long oligonucleotide compositions in these genomes showed directional changes in their composition after invasion from a nonhuman host, which are thought to recur after future invasions. in the recent west a ... | 2016 | 27808119 |
| mini-brains make big leaps for studying human neural development and disease. | | 0 | 27857624 |
| times to key events in zika virus infection and implications for blood donation: a systematic review. | to estimate the timing of key events in the natural history of zika virus infection. | 0 | 27821887 |
| microcephaly in north-east brazil: a retrospective study on neonates born between 2012 and 2015. | to assess the number of children born with microcephaly in the state of paraíba, north-east brazil. | 0 | 27821886 |
| early growth and neurologic outcomes of infants with probable congenital zika virus syndrome. | we report the early growth and neurologic findings of 48 infants in brazil diagnosed with probable congenital zika virus syndrome and followed to age 1-8 months. most of these infants had microcephaly (86.7%) and craniofacial disproportion (95.8%). the clinical pattern included poor head growth with increasingly negative z-scores, pyramidal/extrapyramidal symptoms, and epilepsy. | 0 | 27767931 |
| pyriproxyfen and the microcephaly epidemic in brazil - an ecological approach to explore the hypothesis of their association. | the microcephaly epidemic in brazil generated intense debate regarding its causality, and one hypothesised cause of this epidemic, now recognised as congenital zika virus syndrome, was the treatment of drinking water tanks with pyriproxyfen to control aedes aegypti larvae. we present the results of a geographical analysis of the association between the prevalence of microcephaly confirmed by fenton growth charts and the type of larvicide used in the municipalities that were home to the mothers o ... | 2016 | 27812601 |
| zika virus elicits p53 activation and genotoxic stress in human neural progenitors similar to mutations involved in severe forms of genetic microcephaly and p53. | epidemiological evidence from the current outbreak of zika virus (zikv) and recent studies in animal models indicate a strong causal link between zikv and microcephaly. zikv infection induces cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis in proliferating neural progenitors. however, the mechanisms leading to these phenotypes are still largely obscure. in this report, we explored the possible similarities between transcriptional responses induced by zikv in human neural progenitors and those elicited by three ... | 2016 | 27787521 |
| rio 2016. | | 0 | 27789870 |
| diagnostics in ebola virus disease in resource-rich and resource-limited settings. | the ebola virus disease (evd) outbreak in west africa was unprecedented in scale and location. limited access to both diagnostic and supportive pathology assays in both resource-rich and resource-limited settings had a detrimental effect on the identification and isolation of cases as well as individual patient management. limited access to such assays in resource-rich settings resulted in delays in differentiating evd from other illnesses in returning travellers, in turn utilising valuable reso ... | 2016 | 27788135 |
| building viral replication organelles: close encounters of the membrane types. | | 2016 | 27788266 |
| american association of colleges of pharmacy 2016 council of faculties business meeting, anaheim, july 25, 2016. | | 0 | 27899843 |
| solute carrier ntcp regulates innate antiviral immune responses targeting hepatitis c virus infection of hepatocytes. | chronic hepatitis b, c, and d virus (hbv, hcv, and hdv) infections are the leading causes of liver disease and cancer worldwide. recently, the solute carrier and sodium taurocholate co-transporter ntcp has been identified as a receptor for hbv and hdv. here, we uncover ntcp as a host factor regulating hcv infection. using gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that ntcp mediates hcv infection of hepatocytes and is relevant for cell-to-cell transmission. ntcp regulates hcv infection by augme ... | 0 | 27783949 |
| how relevant is sexual transmission of zika virus? | christian althaus and nicola low reflect on the contribution of sexual transmission to the spread of zika virus. | 2016 | 27780196 |
| survey of the perceptions of key stakeholders on the attributes of the south african notifiable diseases surveillance system. | an effective and efficient notifiable diseases surveillance system (ndss) is essential for a rapid response to disease outbreaks, and the identification of priority diseases that may cause national, regional or public health emergencies of international concern (pheics). regular assessments of country-based surveillance system are needed to enable countries to respond to outbreaks before they become pheics. as part of a broader evaluation of the ndss in south africa, the aim of the study was to ... | 2016 | 27776493 |
| implication of vaccination against dengue for zika outbreak. | zika virus co-circulates with dengue in tropical and sub-tropical regions. cases of co-infection by dengue and zika have been reported, the implication of this co-infection for an integrated intervention program for controlling both dengue and zika must be addressed urgently. here, we formulate a mathematical model to describe the transmission dynamics of co-infection of dengue and zika with particular focus on the effects of zika outbreak by vaccination against dengue among human hosts. our ana ... | 2016 | 27774987 |
| near-infrared spectroscopy, a rapid method for predicting the age of male and female wild-type and wolbachia infected aedes aegypti. | estimating the age distribution of mosquito populations is crucial for assessing their capacity to transmit disease and for evaluating the efficacy of available vector control programs. this study reports on the capacity of the near-infrared spectroscopy (nirs) technique to rapidly predict the ages of the principal dengue and zika vector, aedes aegypti. the age of wild-type males and females, and males and females infected with wmel and wmelpop strains of wolbachia pipientis were characterized u ... | 2016 | 27768689 |
| eliminate now: seven critical actions required to accelerate elimination of plasmodium falciparum malaria in the greater mekong subregion. | the emergence in 2009 of plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to the primary therapies currently in use (artemisinin-based combination therapy, act) in southeast asia threatens to set back decades of global progress in malaria control and elimination. progress to date through multiple sets of initiatives and partners to contain or eliminate these parasites has been hampered due to a wide range of organizational, financial, and health systems-level challenges. in this commentary, a set of se ... | 2016 | 27769285 |
| neuroinflammation in autism: plausible role of maternal inflammation, dietary omega 3, and microbiota. | several genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder (asd) have been identified. however, more recent work has highlighted that certain environmental exposures early in life may also account for some cases of autism. environmental insults during pregnancy, such as infection or malnutrition, seem to dramatically impact brain development. maternal viral or bacterial infections have been characterized as disruptors of brain shaping, even if their underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. po ... | 2016 | 27840741 |
| friendship concept and community network structure among elementary school and university students. | we use complex network theory to study the differences between the friendship concepts in elementary school and university students. four friendship networks were identified from surveys. three of these networks are from elementary schools; two are located in the rural area of yucatán and the other is in the urban area of mérida, yucatán. we analyzed the structure and the communities of these friendship networks and found significant differences among those at the elementary schools compared wit ... | 2016 | 27760171 |
| zika virus reveals broad tissue and cell tropism during the first trimester of pregnancy. | the outbreak of the zika virus (zikv) and its association with fetal abnormalities have raised worldwide concern. however, the cellular tropism and the mechanisms of zikv transmission to the fetus during early pregnancy are still largely unknown. therefore, we ex vivo modeled the zikv transmission at the maternal-fetal interface using organ culture from first trimester pregnancy samples. here, we provide evidence that zikv strain circulating in brazil infects and damages tissue architecture of t ... | 2016 | 27759009 |
| countries' response to who's travel recommendations during the 2013-2016 ebola outbreak. | to determine how, during the 2013-2016 ebola outbreak in western africa, states parties to the world health organization's (who) 2005 international health regulations (ihr) followed the ihr's international travel recommendations. | 2016 | 28053360 |
| the applications of gold nanoparticle-initialed chemiluminescence in biomedical detection. | chemiluminescence technique as a novel detection method has gained much attention in recent years owning to the merits of high sensitivity, wider linear ranges, and low background signal. similarly, nanotechnology especially for gold nanoparticles has emerged as detection tools due to their unique physical and chemical properties. recently, it has become increasingly popular to couple gold nanoparticles with chemiluminescence technique in biological agents' detection. in this review, we describe ... | 2016 | 27757942 |
| evolutionary science as a method to facilitate higher level thinking and reasoning in medical training. | evolutionary science is indispensable for understanding biological processes. effective medical treatment must be anchored in sound biology. however, currently the insights available from evolutionary science are not adequately incorporated in either pre-medical or medical school curricula. to illuminate how evolution may be helpful in these areas, examples in which the insights of evolutionary science are already improving medical treatment and ways in which evolutionary reasoning can be practi ... | 2016 | 27744353 |
| a conversation with kumudini meepagala. | | 2016 | 27800547 |
| complete genome sequence of zika virus isolated from semen. | zika virus (zikv) is an emerging pathogenic flavivirus currently circulating in numerous countries in south america, the caribbean, and the western pacific region. using an unbiased metagenomic sequencing approach, we report here the first complete genome sequence of zikv isolated from a clinical semen sample. | 2016 | 27738033 |
| persistence of low pathogenic influenza a virus in water: a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis. | avian influenza viruses are able to persist in the environment, in-between the transmission of the virus among its natural hosts. quantifying the environmental factors that affect the persistence of avian influenza virus is important for influencing our ability to predict future outbreaks and target surveillance and control methods. we conducted a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis of the environmental factors that affect the decay of low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpaiv) in ... | 2016 | 27736884 |
| disease monitoring and health campaign evaluation using google search activities for hiv and aids, stroke, colorectal cancer, and marijuana use in canada: a retrospective observational study. | infodemiology can offer practical and feasible health research applications through the practice of studying information available on the web. google trends provides publicly accessible information regarding search behaviors in a population, which may be studied and used for health campaign evaluation and disease monitoring. additional studies examining the use and effectiveness of google trends for these purposes remain warranted. | 2016 | 27733330 |
| a lipidomics approach in the characterization of zika-infected mosquito cells: potential targets for breaking the transmission cycle. | recent outbreaks of zika virus in oceania and latin america, accompanied by unexpected clinical complications, made this infection a global public health concern. this virus has tropism to neural tissue, leading to microcephaly in newborns in a significant proportion of infected mothers. the clinical relevance of this infection, the difficulty to perform accurate diagnosis and the small amount of data in literature indicate the necessity of studies on zika infection in order to characterize new ... | 2016 | 27723844 |
| navigable rivers facilitated the spread and recurrence of plague in pre-industrial europe. | infectious diseases have become a rising challenge to mankind in a globalizing world. yet, little is known about the inland transmission of infectious diseases in history. in this study, we based on the spatio-temporal information of 5559 plague (yersinia pestis) outbreaks in europe and its neighboring regions in ad1347-1760 to statistically examine the connection between navigable rivers and plague outbreak. our results showed that 95.5% of plague happened within 10 km proximity of navigable ri ... | 2016 | 27721393 |
| global, regional, national, and selected subnational levels of stillbirths, neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. | established in 2000, millennium development goal 4 (mdg4) catalysed extraordinary political, financial, and social commitments to reduce under-5 mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. at the country level, the pace of progress in improving child survival has varied markedly, highlighting a crucial need to further examine potential drivers of accelerated or slowed decreases in child mortality. the global burden of disease 2015 study (gbd 2015) provides an analytical framework to comprehen ... | 0 | 27733285 |
| global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2015. | non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (ncds) more common in adults. for the global burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors study 2015 (gbd 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, re ... | 0 | 27733282 |
| what is stopping the use of genetically modified insects for disease control? | | 2016 | 27711161 |
| analyzing climate variations at multiple timescales can guide zika virus response measures. | the emergence of zika virus (zikv) in latin america and the caribbean in 2014-2016 occurred during a period of severe drought and unusually high temperatures, conditions that have been associated with the 2015-2016 el niño event, and/or climate change; however, no quantitative assessment has been made to date. analysis of related flaviviruses transmitted by the same vectors suggests that zikv dynamics are sensitive to climate seasonality and longer-term variability and trends. a better understan ... | 2016 | 27716414 |
| measuring populations to improve vaccination coverage. | in low-income settings, vaccination campaigns supplement routine immunization but often fail to achieve coverage goals due to uncertainty about target population size and distribution. accurate, updated estimates of target populations are rare but critical; short-term fluctuations can greatly impact population size and susceptibility. we use satellite imagery to quantify population fluctuations and the coverage achieved by a measles outbreak response vaccination campaign in urban niger and compa ... | 2016 | 27703191 |
| genetic variability and spatial distribution in small geographic scale of aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) under different climatic conditions in northeastern brazil. | the study of the genetic structure of aedes aegypti is essential to understanding their population dynamics as well as for the analysis of factors responsible for their resistance and ecological adaptation. the use of molecular markers in identifying differences amongst populations of ae. aegypti in different geographical areas as well as the temporal variation of the vector populations has contributed to the improvement of vector control strategies. the present study aims to determine the genet ... | 2016 | 27716392 |
| first detection of natural infection of aedes aegypti with zika virus in brazil and throughout south america. | zika virus (zikv) has caused a major epidemic in brazil and several other american countries. zikv is an arbovirus whose natural vectors during epidemics have been poorly determined. in this study, 1,683 mosquitoes collected in the vicinity of zikv suspected cases in rio de janeiro, brazil, from june 2015 to may 2016 were screened for natural infection by using molecular methods. three pools of aedes aegypti were found with the zikv genome, one of which had only one male. this finding supports t ... | 2016 | 27706382 |
| the impact factor story: part ii. | | 0 | 27905328 |
| nci's state and community research initiative: a model for future tobacco control research. | | 0 | 27697940 |
| tooling up to facilitate findability, virtual collaboration, and storytelling with data. | | 0 | 27822164 |
| zika in singapore: insights from one health and social medicine. | | 2016 | 27640519 |
| historical data analysis of hospital discharges related to the amerithrax attack in florida. | interrupted time-series analysis (itsa) can be used to identify, quantify, and evaluate the magnitude and direction of an event on the basis of time-series data. this study evaluates the impact of the bioterrorist anthrax attacks ("amerithrax") on hospital inpatient discharges in the metropolitan statistical area of palm beach, broward, and miami-dade counties in the fourth quarter of 2001. three statistical methods-standardized incidence ratio (sir), segmented regression, and an autoregressive ... | 2016 | 27843420 |
| the water quality in rio highlights the global public health concern over untreated sewage. | | 0 | 27689546 |
| managing and mitigating the health risks of climate change: calling for evidence-informed policy and action. | | 0 | 27689449 |
| distinct zika virus lineage in salvador, bahia, brazil. | sequencing of isolates from patients in bahia, brazil, where most zika virus cases in brazil have been reported, resulted in 11 whole and partial zika virus genomes. phylogenetic analyses revealed a well-supported bahia-specific zika virus lineage, which indicates sustained zika virus circulation in salvador, bahia's capital city, since mid-2014. | 2016 | 27448188 |
| sexual transmission of zika virus and persistence in semen, new zealand, 2016. | | 2016 | 27454745 |
| yellow fever-more a policy and planning problem than a biological one. | | 2016 | 27479749 |
| editor's introduction to this issue. | | 2016 | 27729834 |
| bithionol blocks pathogenicity of bacterial toxins, ricin, and zika virus. | diverse pathogenic agents often utilize overlapping host networks, and hub proteins within these networks represent attractive targets for broad-spectrum drugs. using bacterial toxins, we describe a new approach for discovering broad-spectrum therapies capable of inhibiting host proteins that mediate multiple pathogenic pathways. this approach can be widely used, as it combines genetic-based target identification with cell survival-based and protein function-based multiplex drug screens, and con ... | 2016 | 27686742 |
| safety evaluation of parastar(®) plus in dogs and assessment of transferable residue of fipronil and cyphenothrin from dogs to humans. | dogs are easily infested with fleas, ticks, and other ectoparasites serving as vectors for transmitting bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases. therefore, the use of ectoparasiticides is inevitable and important. the present investigation was undertaken with two specific objectives: one, to evaluate the safety of fipronil and cyphenothrin in dogs after topical application of parastar(®) plus, and two, to determine the transferable residue of these insecticides from dogs to humans. six healthy, ... | 2016 | 27747219 |
| dengue, zika and chikungunya: emerging arboviruses in the new world. | the arboviruses that cause dengue, chikungunya, and zika illnesses have rapidly expanded across the globe in recent years, with large-scale outbreaks occurring in western hemisphere territories in close proximity to the united states (u.s.). in march 2016, the centers for disease control and protection (cdc) expanded its vector surveillance maps for a. aegypti and a. albopictus, the mosquito vectors for these arboviruses. they have now been shown to inhabit a larger portion of the u.s., includin ... | 2016 | 27833670 |
| mobile real-time surveillance of zika virus in brazil. | the world health organization has declared zika virus an international public health emergency. knowledge of zika virus genomic epidemiology is currently limited due to challenges in obtaining and processing samples for sequencing. the zibra project is a united kingdom-brazil collaboration that aims to improve this situation using new sequencing technologies. | 2016 | 27683027 |
| oviposition ecology and species composition of aedes spp. and aedes aegypti dynamics in variously urbanized settings in arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire. | aedes mosquito-transmitted outbreaks of dengue and yellow fever have been reported from rural and urban parts of côte d'ivoire. the present study aimed at assessing aedes spp. oviposition ecology in variously urbanized settings within arbovirus foci in southeastern côte d'ivoire. | 2016 | 27682270 |
| tuberculous spondylitis diagnosed through xpert mtb/rif assay in urine: a case report. | extrapulmonary tuberculosis (eptb) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. diagnosis of eptb is challenging in resource-limited settings due to difficulties in obtaining samples, as well as the paucibacillarity of the specimens. skeletal tuberculosis accounts for 10-35 % of eptb cases, with vertebral osteomyelitis (pott's disease) representing 50 % of the cases. we present two cases of suspected pott's disease, diagnosed through genexpert mtb/rif assay in urine at a rural tanza ... | 2016 | 27670679 |
| south-east asian zika virus strain linked to cluster of cases in singapore, august 2016. | zika virus (zikv) is an ongoing global public health emergency with 70 countries and territories reporting evidence of zikv transmission since 2015. on 27 august 2016, singapore reported its first case of local zikv transmission and identified an ongoing cluster. here, we report the genome sequences of zikv strains from two cases and find through phylogenetic analysis that these strains form an earlier branch distinct from the recent large outbreak in the americas. | 0 | 27684526 |
| a single-cell platform for monitoring viral proteolytic cleavage in different cellular compartments. | infectious diseases affect human health despite advances in biomedical research and drug discovery. among these, viruses are especially difficult to tackle due to the sudden transfer from animals to humans, high mutational rates, resistance to current treatments, and the intricacies of their molecular interactions with the host. as an example of these interactions, we describe a cell-based approach to monitor specific proteolytic events executed by either the viral-encoded protease or by host pr ... | 2016 | 27688710 |
| commentary: expectations for global health program prioritization from a selection of international students studying at a european university. | some university curricula struggle to present evidence-based promotion of global health principles and global health diplomacy within an undergraduate setting. the de facto global health paradigm has experienced significant stress and pressure from epidemics, war and violence, climate change and resource challenges. these stressors may lead to increased morbidity and mortality, in turn requiring medical professionals to play a larger role in global health action across borders. | 2016 | 27658883 |
| reduced risk of importing ebola virus disease because of travel restrictions in 2014: a retrospective epidemiological modeling study. | an epidemic of ebola virus disease (evd) from 2013-16 posed a serious risk of global spread during its early growth phase. a post-epidemic evaluation of the effectiveness of travel restrictions has yet to be conducted. the present study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of travel restrictions in reducing the risk of importation from mid-august to september, 2014, using a simple hazard-based statistical model. | 2016 | 27657544 |
| vector competence of french polynesian aedes aegypti and aedes polynesiensis for zika virus. | in 2013-2014, french polynesia experienced for the first time a zika outbreak. two aedes mosquitoes may have contributed to zika virus (zikv) transmission in french polynesia: the worldwide distributed ae. aegypti and the polynesian islands-endemic ae. polynesiensis mosquito. | 2016 | 27654962 |
| evaluation of a brain acetylcholinesterase extraction method and kinetic constants after methyl-paraoxon inhibition in three brazilian fish species. | acetylcholinesterase (ache) is an important enzyme in the control of the neuronal action potential and sensitive to organophosphate inhibition. brain fish ache is less sensitive to organophosphate inhibition than ache from terrestrial animals, although this sensitivity is variable among species and has not yet been fully evaluated in fish species. in this setting, inhibition kinetic constants for progressive irreversible inhibition of brain acetylcholinesterase due to methyl-paraoxon exposure we ... | 2016 | 27655611 |
| assessment of local mosquito species incriminates aedes aegypti as the potential vector of zika virus in australia. | within the last 10 years zika virus (zikv) has caused unprecedented epidemics of human disease in the nations and territories of the western pacific and south america, and continues to escalate in both endemic and non-endemic regions. we evaluated the vector competence of australian mosquitoes for zikv to assess their potential role in virus transmission. | 2016 | 27643685 |
| insights into zika virus history, human health effects, and control measures. | | 2016 | 27679523 |
| chikungunya fever presenting with protracted severe pruritus. | travelers returning from the tropics often present with rash/fever. those with rash/fever and myalgias/arthralgias are most likely due to chikungunya fever, dengue fever, or zika virus. in these arthropod viral transmitted infections, the rash may be pruritic. the case presented here is that of chikungunya fever remarkable for the intensity and duration of her pruritis. | 2016 | 27679755 |
| global risk model for vector-borne transmission of zika virus reveals the role of el niño 2015. | zika, a mosquito-borne viral disease that emerged in south america in 2015, was declared a public health emergency of international concern by the who in february of 2016. we developed a climate-driven r0 mathematical model for the transmission risk of zika virus (zikv) that explicitly includes two key mosquito vector species: aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus the model was parameterized and calibrated using the most up to date information from the available literature. it was then driven by ob ... | 2016 | 27994145 |
| preliminary results on the control of aedes spp. in a remote guatemalan community vulnerable to dengue, chikungunya and zika virus: community participation and use of low-cost ecological ovillantas for mosquito control. | objective: to study the effectiveness of an integrated intervention of health worker training, a low-cost ecological mosquito ovitrap, and community engagement on aedes spp. mosquito control over 10 months in 2015 in an urban remote community in guatemala at risk of dengue, chikungunya and zika virus transmission. methods: we implemented a three-component integrated intervention consisting of: web-based training of local health personnel in vector control, cluster-randomized assignment of an eco ... | 2016 | 28105304 |
| application of the analytic hierarchy approach to the risk assessment of zika virus disease transmission in guangdong province, china. | an international spread of zika virus (zikv) infection has attracted global attention in 2015. the infection also affected guangdong province, which is located in southern china. multiple factors, including frequent communication with south america and southeast asia, suitable climate (sub-tropical) for the habitat of aedes species, may increase the risk of zikv disease transmission in this region. | 2017 | 28086897 |
| emergence of epidemic zika virus transmission and congenital zika syndrome: are recently evolved traits to blame? | the mechanisms responsible for the dramatic emergence of zika virus (zikv), accompanied by congenital zika syndrome and guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), remain unclear. however, two hypotheses are prominent: (i) evolution for enhanced urban transmission via adaptation to mosquito vectors, or for enhanced human infection to increase amplification, or (ii) the stochastic introduction of zikv into large, naive human populations in regions with abundant aedes aegypti populations, leading to enough rar ... | 2017 | 28074023 |
| agility in adversity: vaccines on demand. | is the us ready for a biological attack using ebola virus or anthrax? will vaccine developers be able to produce a zika virus vaccine, before the epidemic spreads around the world? a recent report by the blue ribbon study panel on biodefense argues that the us is not ready for these challenges, however, technologies and capabilities that could address these deficiencies are within reach. vaccine technologies have advanced and readiness has improved in recent years, due to advances in sequencing ... | 2016 | 27389971 |
| dengue virus antibodies enhance zika virus infection. | for decades, human infections with zika virus (zikv), a mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, were sporadic, associated with mild disease, and went underreported since symptoms were similar to other acute febrile diseases. recent reports of severe disease associated with zikv have greatly heightened awareness. it is anticipated that zikv will continue to spread in the americas and globally where competent aedes mosquito vectors are found. dengue virus (denv), the most common mosquito-transmitted huma ... | 2016 | 28090318 |
| local mosquito-borne transmission of zika virus - miami-dade and broward counties, florida, june-august 2016. | during the first 6 months of 2016, large outbreaks of zika virus disease caused by local mosquito-borne transmission occurred in puerto rico and other u.s. territories, but local mosquito-borne transmission was not identified in the continental united states (1,2). as of july 22, 2016, the florida department of health had identified 321 zika virus disease cases among florida residents and visitors, all occurring in either travelers from other countries or territories with ongoing zika virus tran ... | 2016 | 27684886 |
| one-pot biogenic fabrication of silver nanocrystals using quisqualis indica: effectiveness on malaria and zika virus mosquito vectors, and impact on non-target aquatic organisms. | currently, mosquito vector control is facing a number of key challenges, including the rapid development of resistance to synthetic pesticides and the recent spread of aggressive arbovirus outbreaks. the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) is currently considered an environmental friendly alternative to the employ of pyrethroids, carbamates and microbial agents (e.g. bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis), since agnps are easy to produce, effective and stable in the aquatic environmen ... | 2016 | 27491031 |
| [when some flaviviruses are throwing our certainties]. | during the past two decades, a number of mosquito-borne flaviviruses, mainly of african origin, have invaded new geographical areas where they have never been active. this was the case for the japanese encephalitis virus which reached the northeastern part of australia (1995) and, above all, for the west nile virus which, since 1999, entirely colonized the american continent. then, the usutu virus invaded a large part of the western europe (2001) while the zika virus caused a large epidemic in a ... | 2012 | 22923343 |
| phylogenetic characterization of circulating dengue and alkhumra hemorrhagic fever viruses in western saudi arabia and lack of evidence of zika virus in the region: a retrospective study, 2010-2015. | flaviviruses represent a global public health concern. they consist of ∼70 viruses with almost half of them causing human diseases with unspecified febrile illnesses. cities in western saudi arabia are endemic for viruses (denv) with sporadic infections due to alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (ahfv). they also represent a major destination for travelers coming for annual religious pilgrimages (hajj and umrah) from all over the world. however, whether other flaviviruses are circulating is not kno ... | 2017 | 28198548 |
| vectorborne diseases: no respecters of borders. | vectorborne diseases have been very much in the news in 2016, with, for example, the outbreak of zika virus resulting in a number of high-profile athletes withdrawing from this year's olympic games in brazil. in the uk, the threat of bluetongue virus arriving by windborne midges from france remains real. in his latest update for veterinary record, nigel gibbens, the uk's chief veterinary officer, discusses why a collaborative approach is needed to combat such diseases and their vectors. | 2016 | 27687267 |
| zika virus is not thermostable: very effective virus inactivation during heat treatment (pasteurization) of human serum albumin. | the ongoing zika virus (zikv) outbreak in the americas has also raised concerns around the potential for zikv transmission via blood products. plasma-derived products are considered safe, because effective viral-inactivation and removal methods are implemented in their manufacturing processes. however, a recent study has indicated that zikv is "thermally stable" compared with the closely related dengue virus, thus raising the question of whether heat treatments, as embedded in the manufacturing ... | 2017 | 27987206 |
| the clinically approved antiviral drug sofosbuvir inhibits zika virus replication. | zika virus (zikv) is a member of the flaviviridae family, along with other agents of clinical significance such as dengue (denv) and hepatitis c (hcv) viruses. since zikv causes neurological disorders during fetal development and in adulthood, antiviral drugs are necessary. sofosbuvir is clinically approved for use against hcv and targets the protein that is most conserved among the members of the flaviviridae family, the viral rna polymerase. indeed, we found that sofosbuvir inhibits zikv rna p ... | 2017 | 28098253 |
| fabrication of nano-mosquitocides using chitosan from crab shells: impact on non-target organisms in the aquatic environment. | mosquitoes are arthropods of huge medical and veterinary relevance, since they vector pathogens and parasites of public health importance, including malaria, dengue and zika virus. currently, nanotechnology is considered a potential eco-friendly approach in mosquito control research. we proposed a novel method of biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (agnp) using chitosan (ch) from crab shells. ch-agnp nanocomposite was characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, sem, edx and xrd. ch-agnp were ... | 2016 | 27344400 |
| the chasm between public health and reproductive research: what history tells us about zika virus. | zika transmission from mother to fetus and its possible sexual transmission have become a media focus in the past months as a major public health concern. while mother-to-fetus transmission, fetal neurologic manifestations or sexual transmission have never been documented for this virus before, other viruses that belong to the same family are very well known to reproductive health workers, clinicians, and researchers. as a member of flaviviridae family, including hepatitis c and bovine viral dia ... | 2016 | 26943916 |
| arboviral diseases and malaria in australia, 2013-14: annual report of the national arbovirus and malaria advisory committee. | this report describes the epidemiology of mosquito-borne diseases of public health importance in australia during the 2013-14 season (1 july 2013 to 30 june 2014) and includes data from human notifications, sentinel chicken, vector and virus surveillance programs. the national notifiable diseases surveillance system received notifications for 8,898 cases of disease transmitted by mosquitoes during the 2013-14 season. the australasian alphaviruses barmah forest virus and ross river virus accounte ... | 2016 | 28278416 |
| zika virus: future reproductive concerns. | the pandemic spread of zika virus (zikv), a member of the flavivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, has become a major public health concern. reproductive specialists are particularly concerned over the spread of zikv as it is now known to have both sexual and transplacental routes of transmission resulting in fetal congenital abnormalities. other members of the flaviviridae family, hepatitis c virus (hcv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) (which primarily affects cattle), are well known ... | 2017 | 27976454 |
| origin of the zika virus revealed: a historical journey across the world. | zika virus (zikv) is an arbovirus within the flaviviridae family, the recent spread of which has promoted public concern. | 2016 | 27650823 |
| guillain-barré syndrome. | guillain-barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy presenting typically with tingling, progressive weakness, and pain. variants and formes frustes may complicate recognition. the best known variant is the sensory ataxic form of miller fisher syndrome, which also affects the oculomotor nerves and the brain stem. divergent pathologic mechanisms lead to demyelinating, axonal, or mixed demyelinating-axonal damage. in the demyelinating form, yet to be identified a ... | 2017 | 28259232 |