| biological control of broad mites (polyphagotarsonemus latus) with the generalist predator amblyseius swirskii. | the broad mite is a serious pest of a variety of crops worldwide. several phytoseiid mites have been described to control these mites. however, broad mites are still one of the major pest problems on greenhouse pepper in south-eastern spain. the generalist predatory mite a. swirskii is widely used against other pests of pepper plants such as thrips and whiteflies, the latter being a vector of broad mites. we assessed the potential of a. swirskii to control broad mites. the oviposition rate of a. ... | 2010 | 20191312 |
| ochratoxin a levels in spices and dried nuts consumed in tunisia. | a total of 112 samples of spices (24 caraway, 20 coriander, 25 curcuma, 20 black pepper and 23 red pepper) and 110 samples of dried nuts (44 almonds, 42 peanuts and 24 pistachio) purchased from popular markets in 24 regions of tunisia were analyzed for ochratoxin a (ota) by fluorescence hplc. the average levels of contamination of ota found in spice samples were 244, 206, 290, 274 and 203 µg/kg, respectively, for caraway, coriander, curcuma, black pepper and red pepper. concerning dried nut samp ... | 2010 | 24785316 |
| exposure to aflatoxins in japan: risk assessment for aflatoxin b1. | the intake of total aflatoxins (aft) and aflatoxin b(1) (afb(1)) from food in japan was estimated from aft and afb(1) concentration and frequency data in 24 foods (884 samples) from a 3-year retail market survey from the summer of 2004 to the winter of 2006, and by food consumption data from the national health and nutrition survey performed in 2005. the aft and afb(1) survey revealed that peanut, peanut products, cocoa, chocolate, pistachio, white pepper, red pepper, almond, job's tears, buckwh ... | 2010 | 20155541 |
| comparison of uv-absorbing nets in pepper crops: spectral properties, effects on plants and pest control. | in horticultural crops, the use of screens to protect plants is the usual strategy in the mediterranean area. screen manufacturers offer a range of netting that vary in their uv-absorbing properties. we compared the photoeffects of seven different screens. sweet pepper trials were conducted at the gilat research center, israel, where the spectral properties of the nets and their influence on pest infestation and crop development were evaluated. uv transmittance varied among the materials studied ... | 2010 | 19947970 |
| hybridization of the natural antibiotic, cinnamic acid, with layered double hydroxides (ldh) as green pesticide. | heavy application of highly toxic synthetic pesticides has been committed to protect crops against insects and diseases, which have brought about serious environmental problems. thus, an inevitable and fundamental issue has been how to protect crops without harmful effects on nature. as a fascinating nature-compatible approach, we have attempted to hybridize soil-compatible layered double hydroxides (ldhs) with natural antibiotic substances. only a few of natural antibiotic substances are availa ... | 2010 | 19756805 |
| [effects of grafting on photosynthesis of sweet pepper seedlings under low temperature and weak light intensity]. | sweet pepper 'chifengtexuan' seedlings were grafted onto 'weishi' and 'buyeding' rootstocks, treated with low temperature (8 degrees c/ 5 degrees c) and weak light intensity (100 micromol x m(-2) s(-1)) for 7 days, and then recovered under normal conditions (25 degrees c/ 18 degrees c, pfd 550-600 micromol x s(-1)) for 3 days to study the variations of their gas exchange parameters, carboxylation efficiency, and fluorescence parameters, with the own-rooted 'chifengtexuan' seedlings as the contro ... | 2009 | 19637597 |
| potential new insecticides for the control of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) on sweet pepper, tomato, and lettuce. | new pesticides are required to maintain effective resistance management strategies for control of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) (thysanoptera: thripidae). we tested the efficacy of acetamiprid, and thiamethoxam, two neonicotinoids that represent a newer class of insecticides for the control of thrips. we also tested chlorfenapyr, a pyrrol compound, and a lower than registered rate of the biopesticide spinosad. laboratory bioassays were used to predict the relative ... | 2009 | 19449645 |
| effects of capsaicin, green tea and ch-19 sweet pepper on appetite and energy intake in humans in negative and positive energy balance. | bioactive ingredients have been shown to reduce appetite and energy intake. the magnitude of these effects might depend on energy balance why it was investigated how capsaicin, green tea, ch-19 sweet pepper as well as green tea and capsaicin affect appetite and energy intake during respectively negative and positive energy balance. | 2009 | 19345452 |
| alleviation of heat strain by cooling different body areas during red pepper harvest work at wbgt 33 degrees c. | the purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of different types of personal cooling equipments (pce) on the alleviation of heat strain during red pepper harvest simulated in a climatic chamber. the experiment consisted of eight conditions: 1) control, 2) neck cooling scarf a with a cooling area of 68 cm2, 3) neck cooling scarf b (cooling area 154 cm2), 4) brimmed hat with a frozen gel pack, 5) cooling vest (cooling area 606 cm2), 6) hat+neck scarf b, 7) hat+vest, and 8) hat+neck s ... | 2008 | 19088415 |
| development of a multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method for sweet pepper analysis. | a multi-mycotoxin method was developed for the simultaneous determination of trichothecenes (nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, neosolaniol, fusarenon-x, diacetoxyscirpenol, ht-2 toxin, t-2 toxin), aflatoxins (aflatoxin-b(1), aflatoxin-b(2), aflatoxin-g(1) and aflatoxin-g(2)), alternaria toxins (alternariol, alternariol methyl ether and altenuene), fumonisins (fumonisin-b(1), fumonisin-b(2) and fumonisin-b(3)), ochratoxin a, zearalenone, beauvericin and s ... | 2009 | 19051227 |
| microbial quality and bioactive constituents of sweet peppers from sustainable production systems. | integrated, organic, and soil-less production systems are the principal production practices that have emerged to encourage more sustainable agricultural practices and safer edible plants, reducing inputs of plaguicides, pesticides, and fertilizers. sweet peppers grown commercially under integrated, organic, and soil-less production systems were compared to study the influence of these sustainable production systems on the microbial quality and bioactive constituents (vitamin c, individual and t ... | 2008 | 18991450 |
| inhibitory effect of capsaicin on b16-f10 melanoma cell migration via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/akt/rac1 signal pathway. | capsaicin (trans-8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide), the major pungent ingredient of red pepper, has been reported to possess anti-carcinogenic and anti-mutagenic activities. in this study, the anti-migration activity of capsaicin on highly metastatic b16-f10 melanoma cells was investigated. capsaicin significantly inhibited the migration of melanoma cells without showing obvious cellular cytotoxicity at low doses. this effect correlated with the down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( ... | 2008 | 18985006 |
| sodium borohydride/chloranil-based assay for quantifying total flavonoids. | a novel sodium borohydride/chloranil-based (sbc) assay for quantifying total flavonoids, including flavones, flavonols, flavonones, flavononols, isoflavonoids, flavanols, and anthocyanins, has been developed. flavonoids with a 4-carbonyl group were reduced to flavanols using sodium borohydride catalyzed with aluminum chloride. then the flavan-4-ols were oxidized to anthocyanins by chloranil in an acetic acid solution. the anthocyanins were reacted with vanillin in concentrated hydrochloric acid ... | 2008 | 18798633 |
| monitoring of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables of agricultural area in venezuela. | the purpose of this study was to determine the residues of seven pesticides organophosphorus (methamidophos, diazinon, chlorpyriphos, parathion-methyl, dimethoate, malathion and tetrachlorvinphos), in some vegetables like: potato, lettuce, tomato, onion, red pepper and green onion cultivated in josé maría vargas county in táchira state, venezuela. the research permitted to detect that 48.0% of the samples were contaminated with some of the pesticides studied. methamidophos was founded in the veg ... | 2008 | 18766290 |
| micellarisation of carotenoids from raw and cooked vegetables. | the efficiency of carotenoid micellarisation from plant foods can be used as an effective tool for the initial screening of carotenoid bioavailability. therefore, the objectives of the present study were to assess the effects of cooking on the micellarisation of beta-carotene, lycopene, beta-cryptoxanthin and lutein from courgette (zucchini), red pepper and tomato; and, to a minor extent, investigate uptake of lutein by caco-2 cells from micellar fractions obtained from raw and cooked courgettes ... | 2008 | 18587647 |
| decanoic acid reverse micelle-based coacervates for the microextraction of bisphenol a from canned vegetables and fruits. | decanoic acid reverse micelle-based coacervates were proposed for the extraction of bisphenol a (bpa) from canned vegetables and fruits prior to its determination by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection at lambda(exc) = 276 nm and lambda(em) = 306 nm. the procedure involved the extraction of minute quantities (300-700 mg) of homogenized food sample with an aqueous solution containing 10% of thf and 0.5% of decanoic acid, conditions under which the coacervate (around 340 microl) forme ... | 2008 | 18486640 |
| analysis by hplc and lc/ms of pungent piperamides in commercial black, white, green, and red whole and ground peppercorns. | pepper plants accumulate pungent bioactive alkaloids called piperamides. to facilitate studies in this area, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods were developed and used to measure the following piperamides in 10 commercial whole (peppercorns) and in 10 ground, black, white, green, and red peppers: piperanine, piperdardine, piperine, piperlonguminine, and piperettine. structural identification of individual compounds in extracts was pe ... | 2008 | 18386929 |
| heavy metal concentrations in soils and factors affecting metal uptake by plants in the vicinity of a korean cu-w mine. | heavy metal concentrations were measured in soils and plants in and around a copper-tungsten mine in southeast korea to investigate the influence of past base metal mining on the surface environment. the results of chemical analysis indicate that the heavy metals in soils decreased with distance from the source, controlled mainly by water movement and topography. the metal concentrations measured in plant species generally decreased in the order; spring onions > soybean leaves > perilla leaves » ... | 2008 | 27879826 |
| effects of organic farming on communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. | red pepper (capsicum annum l.) roots and soils representing different agricultural management practices such as conventional (con), no-chemical (noc), and organic farming systems (org) were collected from 32 farm field sites in kyunggi, korea to investigate the effects of these agricultural practices on arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) symbiosis. org inoculum significantly increased plant growth compared to inoculum from con and noc. a community analysis of am fungi (amf) using morphological features ... | 2008 | 23997602 |
| migration of badge (bisphenol a diglycidyl-ether) and bfdge (bisphenol f diglycidyl-ether) in canned seafood. | migration of potentially toxic materials used for the lining of commercial can goods remains an important issue, especially with respect to certain types of processed foods. seafood is one type where more information is needed with respect to other ingredients used for adding value to fishery products. most cans are internally coated with starters of resins such as bisphenol a diglycidyl-ether (badge) and bisphenol f diglycidyl-ether (bfdge), both considered as toxic compounds. several seafood p ... | 2008 | 18289761 |
| multivariate analysis for the evaluation of fiber, sugars, and organic acids in commercial presentations of table olives. | table olives constitute an important part of the mediterranean diet and the diet of many non-olive-producing countries. the aim of this work was to determine the fiber, sugar, and organic acid contents in spanish commercial presentations of table olives and characterize them by means of a multivariate analysis. the selection of variables was carried out on the basis of a canonical analysis and their classification, according to processing styles and cultivars, through a linear discriminant analy ... | 2007 | 18052035 |
| apoptosis induced by capsaicin in prostate pc-3 cells involves ceramide accumulation, neutral sphingomyelinase, and jnk activation. | numerous studies have recently focused on the anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, or chemopreventive activities of the main pungent component of red pepper, capsaicin (n-vanillyl-8-methyl-1-nonenamide). we have previously shown that, in the androgen-independent prostate cancer pc-3 cells, capsaicin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species (ros) generation [apoptosis 11 (2006) 89-99]. in the present study, we investigated the signaling pathways involved in the antip ... | 2007 | 17828457 |
| the importance of exposure for healthy eating in childhood: a review. | children's food preferences are strongly associated with their consumption patterns. identifying the factors that influence preferences is therefore crucial to the development of effective interventions to improve children's diets. perhaps the most important determinant of a child's liking for a particular food is the extent to which it is familiar. put simply, children like what they know and they eat what they like. from the very earliest age, children's experiences with food influence both pr ... | 2007 | 17635306 |
| factors affecting the distribution of a predatory mite on greenhouse sweet pepper. | the predatory mite neoseiulus cucumeris is used for biological control of phytophagous mites and thrips on greenhouse cucumber and sweet pepper. in a previous study, n. cucumeris provided effective control of broad mite but was only rarely found on the sampled leaves, raising questions about the factors affecting n. cucumeris distribution. to determine the distribution of n. cucumeris, leaves of pepper plants were sampled three times per day: just after sunrise, at noon and just before sunset fo ... | 2007 | 17534730 |
| rapid all-in-one three-step immunoassay for non-instrumental detection of ochratoxin a in high-coloured herbs and spices. | a feasible three-step method for ochratoxin a (ota) rapid detection was developed and applied for ota screening in high-coloured matrices such as liquorice, ginger, nutmeg, black pepper, white pepper and capsicum spp. spices at a control level of 10mugkg(-1). the method was based on the clean-up tandem immunoassay column and involved three steps: extract application, washing step and application of chromogenic substrate. a significant simplification of the assay was reached by using an additiona ... | 2007 | 19071749 |
| integrated control of pests in tropical and subtropical sweet pepper production. | sweet pepper is now grown, in tropical and subtropical areas, under the integrated pest management (ipm) tactic of 'physical barrier', whereas it was once grown primarily in open fields. this management tactic, when properly employed, has the advantage of eliminating many of the larger open-field pests, and has resulted in greatly increased pepper yields. however, certain other pest populations are exacerbated by this ipm tactic. this paper reviews the primary pests and current control tactics i ... | 2007 | 17437258 |
| [antioxidant capacity of fruits and vegetables cultivated in chile]. | the high prevalence of non transmissible chronic diseases (ncd) related to food consumption had increased the studies conducted to investigate the relationship between diet and health. a smaller incidence of ncd, with food patterns with high consumption of fruits and vegetables has been observed and chemical compounds of these foods have been one of the main subjects of the actual research in the reaqltion between food consumption and health. the effect of vegetable foods has been attributed to ... | 2006 | 17425182 |
| pesticide residue analysis of vegetables by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. | a new and original analytical method was developed for the routine analysis of 28 multiclass pesticide residues in vegetables (green pepper, red pepper, and tomato). the extraction was performed with acetone, and the pesticides were partitioned into ethyl acetate-cyclohexane (1 + 1, v/v). residue levels in vegetables were determined by gas chromatography (gc) with electron-capture detection. residue identities were confirmed by gc coupled with mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring mod ... | 2008 | 17373459 |
| effects of ch-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, on sympathetic nervous activity, body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure in humans. | we investigated the changes in autonomic nervous activity, body temperature, blood pressure (bp), and heart rate (hr) after intake of the non-pungent pepper ch-19 sweet and of hot red pepper in humans to elucidate the mechanisms of diet-induced thermogenesis (dit) due to ch-19 sweet. we found that ch-19 sweet activates the sympathetic nervous system (sns) and enhances thermogenesis as effectively as hot red pepper, ant that the heat loss effect due to ch-19 sweet is weaker than that due to hot r ... | 2007 | 17341828 |
| [photosynthetic and growth characteristics of different ecotype capsicum under weak light]. | this paper studied the effects of weak light on the photosynthetic characteristics, assimilates allocation, yield formation, and seedling growth of different ecotype capsicum (hot pepper and sweet pepper). the results showed that under weak light, the net photosynthetic rate (pn) , dark respiration rate (rd ) , night respiration rate (rn) , transpiration rate (tr) , water use efficiency (wue) , light compensation point (lcp) , co2 compensation point (ccp) and carboxylation efficiency ( ce) of te ... | 2006 | 17209386 |
| influence of topical capsaicin on facial sensitivity in response to experimental pain. | capsaicin, the pungent component of the red pepper, has been used as an analgesic in a variety of pain conditions, but sensory impairment after long-term treatment has been concerned. this study investigated the influence of topical capsaicin on various types of sensations including pain in the facial areas innervated by the mental nerve, and also evaluated whether the measurement of cutaneous current perception threshold (cpt) is reliable for the quantification of sensory change following capsa ... | 2007 | 17207073 |
| effects of ch-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, in decreasing the body weight and suppressing body fat accumulation by sympathetic nerve activation in humans. | 'ch-19 sweet' is a non-pungent red pepper and enhances the energy expenditure in humans in like manner to the pungent red pepper. we investigated in this study the effects of a repeated intake of ch-19 sweet for two weeks on the body weight and body fat in humans. changes in the autonomic nervous activity after ingesting ch-19 sweet were also measured by a power spectral analysis. we established a new protocol which allows the precise detection of weight change in humans by using fewer subjects. ... | 2006 | 17151481 |
| analysis of the contents of pungent compounds in fresh korean red peppers and in pepper-containing foods. | an hplc method has been developed for the analysis of extracts of fresh peppers containing capsaicinoids and of both capsaicinoids and piperines in pepper-containing foods produced and sold in korea. the hplc method was optimized by defining how composition of the mobile phase affected retention times. both identification and quantification were based on retention times and the following criteria: linearity of the uv response at 280 nm in hplc, recoveries from spiked samples, and observed indivi ... | 2006 | 17117787 |
| [novel application of ftir to the analysis of sweet pepper seeds and tomato seeds with space mutation]. | comparative study of the sweet pepper and tomato seeds lines with space mutation and corresponding conventional seeds was carried out with ftir, in an attempt to search for the influence of space environment upon mutation. the similarities among space seeds lines are: the absorbance at near 1,160-1,061 cm(-1) increased. this result shows that the stretching vibration of c-o on the structure of carbohydrates was enhanced by space mutation. the special mutations are: (1) the absorbance at 2,854 cm ... | 2006 | 16961230 |
| effect of an acute intraluminal administration of capsaicin on oesophageal motor pattern in gord patients with ineffective oesophageal motility. | ineffective oesophageal motility (iom) is a functional disorder affecting about 50% of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (gord) patients. this disease in a severe form limits the clearing ability of the oesophagus and is considered one of the predictive factors for poorer gord resolution. capsaicin, the active compound of red pepper, exerts a prokinetic effect on oesophageal motility in healthy subjects by increasing the amplitude of body waves, even if no evidence exists on its possible role in ... | 2006 | 16918727 |
| [an analysis of sweet pepper seeds with space flight mutagenesis by ftir]. | the first-time application of ftir to analyzing and comparing two sweet pepper seeds lines of space mutation and two sweet pepper seeds lines bred in system approaches as well as their spectra is presented. the ir spectrum of sweet pepper seeds lines is mainly composed of the band of adsorption of protein and that of carbohydrates. the absorbance of the two sweet pepper seeds lines of space mutation at 2854, 1652, 1542 and 1160-1062 cm(-1) was enhanced. the peak near 2854 cm(-1) is attributable ... | 2006 | 16830749 |
| the effect of cooking method upon the titratable acidity of a popular vegetarian dish--scope for reducing its erosive potential? | the purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the effect of cooking method on the erosive potential of ratatouille. two cooking methods, stewing and oven roasting, were applied to standardised ingredients taken from the same fruits and vegetables. the resultant dishes were liquidised and diluted with 100 mls of distilled water. five 25 ml samples of each group were titrated to ph 7.0 against 0.1 molar sodium hydroxide. in order to ascertain the relative contribution of each ingredient each ... | 2006 | 16599095 |
| simultaneous determination of sudan dyes and carotenoids in red pepper and tomato products by hplc. | to simultaneously detect sudan dyes and carotenoids in red pepper and tomato products, high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) methods with photodiode-array detection are developed and validated. the methods include the use of end-capped and nonend-capped adsorbents with a gradient elution system starting with water containing methanol. water content of 9% in the starting mobile phase is found to be necessary to ensure sufficient separation of sudan dyes and to avoid overlapping or interfe ... | 2005 | 16212791 |
| aflatoxin and ochratoxin a content of spices in hungary. | in october and november 2004, 91 spice samples (70 ground red pepper, six black pepper, five white pepper, five spice mix and five chilli samples), the majority of which originated from commercial outlets, were analysed for aflatoxins b1, b2, g1 and g2 (afb1, afb2, afg1, afg2) and ochratoxin a (ota) content by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc) after immunoaffinity column clean-up. eighteen of the 70 ground red pepper samples contained afb1, seven of them in a concentration exceeding ... | 2005 | 16192072 |
| safety of capsaicin cough challenge testing. | capsaicin, the pungent extract of red peppers, has achieved widespread use in clinical research because it induces cough in a dose-dependent and reproducible manner. although > 2 decades of experience has led investigators to consider capsaicin cough challenge testing a safe diagnostic modality, this issue has not been specifically addressed in the literature. | 2005 | 16002935 |
| residual behaviour of profenofos on some field-grown vegetables and its removal using various washing solutions and household processing. | profenofos (selecron 72% ec), was sprayed on field-grown pepper and eggplant at the recommended rate of 1.28 kg a,i/ha. fruit samples were collected at 1 h to 14 days after application and analysed to determine the content and dissipation rate of profenofos. the effect of different washing solutions and some household processing on the removal of such residues from treated vegetables were also investigated. profenofos residues were quantified by using gas chromatography. the results showed that ... | 2005 | 15721202 |
| sensory and gastrointestinal satiety effects of capsaicin on food intake. | decreased appetite and increased energy expenditure after oral consumption of red pepper has been shown. | 2005 | 15611784 |
| trpv1 and the gut: from a tasty receptor for a painful vanilloid to a key player in hyperalgesia. | capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in red pepper, has been used since ancient times as a spice, despite the burning sensation associated with its intake. more than 50 years ago, nikolaus jancso discovered that capsaicin can selectively stimulate nociceptive primary afferent neurons. the ensuing research established that the neuropharmacological properties of capsaicin are due to its activation of the transient receptor potential ion channel of the vanilloid type 1 (trpv1). expressed by primary af ... | 2004 | 15464036 |
| method validation of resistive heating--gas chromatography with flame photometric detection for the rapid screening of organophosphorus pesticides in fruit and vegetables. | a rapid method for the screening of organophosphorus (op) pesticides in fruit and vegetables is reported. sample extracts were analysed using resistive heating-gas chromatography (rh-gc) with flame photometric detection (fpd). a carbofrit insert in the gc liner allowed injection of crude extracts onto the gc system. separation of up to 20 pesticides was achieved in 4.3 min with excellent retention time stability. signal-to-noise ratios of 5:1 or better were obtained for the majority of the pesti ... | 2004 | 15387192 |
| liquid chromatographic determination of novel aminithiazolecarboxamide fungicide residues in soil and crops using online solid-phase extraction. | a simple and convenient liquid chromatographic method has been developed and applied to the analysis of the novel aminothiazolecarboxamide fungicide, ethaboxam, in soil and crops. after the isolation and concentration of analyte from soil and crops, clean-up and separation of sample solutions are performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with online solid-phase extraction. good linearity (r2 > 0.9995), recovery [for soil, 95.3-98.4%, and crops (grape, red pepper), 92.9-95.9%], and repe ... | 2004 | 15355576 |
| dietary sources of vitamin c, vitamin e and specific carotenoids in spain. | a cross-sectional study was conducted within the spanish cohort of the european prospective investigation in cancer and nutrition to assess the principal food sources of vitamin c, vitamin e, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, lycopene, lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin in an adult spanish population. the study included 41446 healthy volunteers (25812 women and 15634 men), aged 29-69 years, from three spanish regions in the north (asturias, navarra and guipúzcoa) and two in the south (murcia ... | 2004 | 15182404 |
| effects of capsaicin on the sensorimotor function of the proximal stomach in humans. | capsaicin-sensitive afferents have been implicated in the control of visceral sensorimotor functions. | 2004 | 14871281 |
| atmospheric pressure photo-ionization liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric determination of aflatoxins in food. | a comparison between electrospray ionization (esi) and the recent introduced atmospheric pressure photo-ionization (appi) technique is described for the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (lc/ms) determination of aflatoxin b1, b2, g1 and g2 in food. for the optimization of appi, several appi ion source parameters were examined. furthermore, the chemical noise and signal suppression of esi and appi by sample matrix interference were investigated. the results indicated that appi has the low ... | 2004 | 14744683 |
| upregulation of uncoupling proteins by oral administration of capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog. | capsiate is a nonpungent capsaicin analog, a recently identified principle of the nonpungent red pepper cultivar ch-19 sweet. in the present study, we report that 2-wk treatment of capsiate increased metabolic rate and promoted fat oxidation at rest, suggesting that capsiate may prevent obesity. to explain these effects, at least in part, we examined uncoupling proteins (ucps) and thyroid hormones. ucps and thyroid hormones play important roles in energy expenditure, the maintenance of body weig ... | 2003 | 12959953 |
| raman spectra of carotenoids in natural products. | resonance raman spectra of naturally occurring carotenoids have been obtained from nautilus, periwinkle (littorina littorea) and clam shells under 514.5 nm excitation and these spectra are compared with the resonance raman spectra obtained in situ from tomatoes, carrots, red peppers and saffron. the tomatoes, carrots and red peppers gave rise to resonance raman spectra exhibiting a nu1 band at ca. 1520 cm(-1), in keeping with its assignment to carotenoids with ca. nine conjugated carbon-carbon d ... | 2003 | 12909134 |
| a short-term nacl exposure increases the na(+) conductance of outward-rectified cation currents in the pith cells of sweet pepper. | the regulatory role of pith cells in the stem in na(+) recirculation in sweet pepper was investigated by evaluating the transport characteristics of the plasma membrane of this cell type and comparison with those of root cells. ion conductivity and na(+) permeability of the plasma membranes of protoplasts of both cell types were studied with the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration, before and after addition of nacl to the bath medium. protoplasts of both pith and root cells sho ... | 2003 | 12893309 |
| [preliminary protocol for systemic administration of capsaicin for the treatment of the burning mouth syndrome]. | burning mouth syndrome could be considered an expression of atypical facial pain. the recent neuropathological findings in bms may suggest the need for alternative therapies. this paper aims to evaluate if systemic capsaicin could be used for bms the- rapy. | 2003 | 12874531 |
| migration and enrichment of arsenic in the rock-soil-crop plant system in areas covered with black shale, korea. | the okchon black shale, which is part of the guryongsan formation or the changri formation of cambro-ordovician age in korea provides a typical example of natural geological materials enriched with potentially toxic elements such as u, v, mo, as, se, cd, and zn. in this study, the dukpyung and the chubu areas were selected to investigate the migration and enrichment of as and other toxic elements in soils and crop plants in areas covered with black shale. rock and soil samples digested in 4-acid ... | 2003 | 12806106 |
| modifying children's food preferences: the effects of exposure and reward on acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable. | the aim of this study was to evaluate two interventions (one reward-based and one exposure-based) for increasing children's acceptance of an unfamiliar vegetable compared with a no-treatment control. it was predicted that the exposure condition would increase liking for, and consumption of, the vegetable relative to either the reward or control group. | 2003 | 12571670 |
| [rapid analysis of aflatoxins in raw peanuts, corn, buckwheat and red pepper by a new mini-column cleanup and hplc using post-column photochemical derivatization system]. | a rapid and clean method for the analysis of aflatoxins (afs) was developed by using a new column and post-column photochemical derivatization hplc with fluorescence detection. the new cleanup column consisted of magnesia and basic alumina poured on the top of a commercial multi-functional mini-column. it was extremely effective for the cleanup of afs from raw peanut, corn, buckwheat and red pepper. fluorescent substances, which interfered with the analysis of afs from corn, were completely abso ... | 2002 | 12436711 |
| a modified hplc method for the determination of ochratoxin a by fluorescence detection. | a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (hplc) with fluorescent detector is described for the determination of ochratoxin a (ota). a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:water:acetic acid (99:99:2, v/v/v) was used for the resolution of the compound on a c(18) hypersil column. the retention time for ota and diflunisal which was used as an internal standard (is) were 11.7 and 12.8 min, respectively. the method is selective, reliable, reproducable with relative standard deviation (rsd) ... | 2002 | 12378560 |
| field and laboratory selection of frankliniella occidentalis (pergande) for resistance to insecticides. | response of western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), to selection for resistance to insecticides commonly used to control this pest in murcia (south-east spain) was studied under field and laboratory conditions. in the field, plots within sweet pepper crops in commercial and experimental greenhouses were treated under different selection strategies: insecticide rotation versus formetanate reiteration, formetanate reiteration versus acrinathrin reiteration, and formetanate re ... | 2002 | 12233182 |
| arsenic, sb and bi contamination of soils, plants, waters and sediments in the vicinity of the dalsung cu-w mine in korea. | the objective of this study is to investigate environmental contamination derived from metalliferous mining activities. in the study area, the dalsung cu-w mine, soils, various crop plants, stream waters, sediments and particulates were sampled in and around the mine and analyzed for as, sb and bi by icp-aes with a hydride generator. in addition, soil ph, cation exchange capacity, loss-on-ignition and soil texture were also measured. concentrations of as, sb and bi in surface soils sampled in th ... | 2002 | 12186294 |
| on-line hplc detection of tocopherols and other antioxidants through the formation of a phosphomolybdenum complex. | an on-line method to detect and quantify antioxidant species in complex extracts has been developed as a combination of conventional hplc separation and a postcolumn reaction with phosphomolybdenum reagent at acidic ph. sample analytes were chromatographed by hplc, and the postcolumn formation of a phosphate/mo(v) complex was detected at 598 nm with an on-line absorbance detector. an optimized instrumental system was set up using pure alpha-tocopherol, and it was successfully tested with complex ... | 2002 | 12033800 |
| the treatment of functional dyspepsia with red pepper. | : to decrease the intensity of dyspeptic symptoms by impairing the visceral nociceptive c-type fibres with capsaicin, contained in red pepper powder. | 2002 | 12030948 |
| sensitivity to methacholine and capsaicin in patients with unclear respiratory symptoms. | capsaicin, the pungent ingredient in red pepper, is known to stimulate coughing via the sensory nervous system. earlier studies showed that patients with airway symptoms induced by chemicals and strong scents cough more after inhalation of capsaicin than healthy control subjects and this has been interpreted as a hyperreactivity of airway sensory nerves. our aim was to study airway sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin and the occurrence of airway symptoms induced by strong scents in patients who und ... | 2002 | 12028115 |
| [effect of fertilization on the qualities of sweet pepper in greenhouse culture]. | in order to study the effect of fertilization on the qualities of sweet pepper(capsicum annul l) cultured in greenhouse, the experiment was carried out by drop irrigation. the results showed that the most sensitive organ of sweet pepper for nitrate was lateral branch, in which the nitrate content was highest. the nitrate content in leaf was lower than that in lateral branch, and in fruit, the nitrate content was the lowest. high fertilization of n, p and k had no negative influence on content of ... | 2002 | 11962323 |
| red pepper and functional dyspepsia. | | 2002 | 11907302 |
| occurrence of zearalenone in korean barley and corn foods. | the presence of zearalenone (zen) in korean foods such as barley, barley-based foods, corn, corn-based foods, fruits and vegetables was investigated by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcelisa) and the liquid chromatography (lc) method. a total of 164 samples was collected from seoul, korea, in 1998 and 1999 including 30 barley, 32 barley-based foods, 18 corn, 47 corn-based foods, 19 dried red pepper, nine dried jujube, and nine dried persimmon. average recoveries of zen fro ... | 2002 | 11820497 |
| ch-19 sweet, nonpungent cultivar of red pepper, increased body temperature in mice with vanilloid receptors stimulation by capsiate. | we investigated the effect of ch-19 sweet, a nonpungent cultivar of red pepper, and capsiate, a nonpungent capsaicin analog found in ch-19 sweet on body temperature in mice. the body temperature was recorded from conscious and unrestrained mice by use of a telemetry system. the body temperature in the mice administered ch-19 sweet was higher than in the mice administered california-wandar, which contains no capsiate or capsaicin. the body temperature in the mice administered capsiate was higher ... | 2001 | 11767210 |
| determination of aflatoxins b1, b2, g1 and g2 in spices using a multifunctional column clean-up. | a rapid and simple method using a multifunctional column, which contains lipophilic and charged active sites, was developed to analyse aflatoxins b1, b2, g1 and g2 in various spices, such as red pepper and nutmeg. after extraction by acetonitrile:water (9:1) and clean-up using multisep #228 column, the aflatoxins and aflatoxin-tfa derivatives are determined using lc with fluorescence detection. recoveries of each aflatoxin b1, b2, g1 and g2 spiked to red pepper, white pepper, black pepper, nutme ... | 2001 | 11695861 |
| ch-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, increased body temperature and oxygen consumption in humans. | we investigated the effect of ch-19 sweet, a non-pungent cultivar of red pepper, on body temperature and oxygen consumption in humans. ch-19 sweet was given to 11 healthy volunteers, and core body temperature, body surface temperature and oxygen consumption were measured. the control group ingested california-wandar, which contained neither capsaicin nor capsiate. the core body temperature in the ch-19 sweet group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p<0.01). the forehead tem ... | 2001 | 11676017 |
| enzymatic synthesis of vanillin. | due to increasing interest in natural vanillin, two enzymatic routes for the synthesis of vanillin were developed. the flavoprotein vanillyl alcohol oxidase (vao) acts on a wide range of phenolic compounds and converts both creosol and vanillylamine to vanillin with high yield. the vao-mediated conversion of creosol proceeds via a two-step process in which the initially formed vanillyl alcohol is further oxidized to vanillin. catalysis is limited by the formation of an abortive complex between e ... | 2001 | 11409992 |
| food intake of patients with atopic dermatitis. | there is only restricted information about the nutritional behavior of adult patients with atopic dermatitis (ad). our purpose was to evaluate the food intake in a series of patients with ad with particular consideration of self-reported food intolerance. particular attention was paid to the risks of nutrient deficiencies. we examined the intake of 28 food items in 116 ad patients with a food-frequency questionnaire (ffq). for each food item the cohort was divided in two groups according to whet ... | 2015 | 11358724 |
| a comparison of sole carbon source utilization patterns and phospholipid fatty acid profiles to detect changes in the root microflora of hydroponically grown crops. | sole carbon source utilization (scsu) patterns and phospholipid fatty acid (plfa) profiles were compared with respect to their potential to characterize root-inhabiting microbial communities of hydroponically grown crops. sweet pepper (capsicum annum cv. evident), lettuce (lactuca sativa cv. grand rapids), and four different cultivars of tomato (lycopersicon esculentum cvs. gitana, armada, aromata, and elin) were grown in 1-l black plastic beakers placed in a cultivation chamber with artificial ... | 2001 | 11358169 |
| [forensic medical aspects of injuries inflicted with self-defense capsaicin aerosols]. | toxicological and forensic medical characteristics of capsaicinoids are presented. capsaicinoids represent a mixture of three basic compounds with similar structure: capsaicine, dihydrocapsaicine, and nordihydrocapsaicine, all of which are the primary components of red pepper extract (oleoresin capsicum). the advantages of this group of irritants in comparison with synthetic irritants are discussed. probable routes of administration of the extract with regard to its hazard for the organism are c ... | 2013 | 11255965 |
| combined effects of red pepper and caffeine consumption on 24 h energy balance in subjects given free access to foods. | the effects of red pepper and caffeine ingestion on energy and macronutrient balances were examined in eight caucasian male subjects. all subjects participated in two randomly assigned conditions: control and experimental (red pepper and caffeine). after ingesting a standardized breakfast, subjects ate three meals ad libitum (lunch, dinner and breakfast) and snacks which were served approximately 2 h after the lunch and dinner over a 24 h period. two appetizers with or without 3 g red pepper) we ... | 2001 | 11242488 |
| effects of capsaicin-containing yellow curry sauce on sympathetic nervous system activity and diet-induced thermogenesis in lean and obese young women. | the present study was designed to investigate the effect of capsaicin, a pungent component of red pepper, on the sympathetic nervous system (sns) activity and energy metabolism in 16 age- and height-matched lean and obese young women. the sympatho-vagal activities were assessed by means of spectral analysis of heart rate variability (hrv) during the resting condition and after the meal (2,016 kj) with capsaicin (3 mg). energy expenditure was also measured under the two conditions. there was no s ... | 2000 | 11227803 |
| growth and aflatoxin production ofaspergillus flavus on some spices marketed in turkey. | growth and aflatoxin production byaspergillus flavus (mam-268 c17, tns=98) on autoclaved coconut, black pepper, crushed red pepper, red pepper powder were studied. coconut were found to be a better substrate for fungal growth, as well as aflatoxin production. red pepper powder could be considered as a poor substrate for fungal growth. the amount of aflatoxin found in crushed red pepper under laboratory conditions is much less compared with coconut, black pepper and red pepper powder. | 2001 | 23605610 |
| treatment of prurigo nodularis with topical capsaicin. | prurigo nodularis is an eruption of lichenified or excoriated nodules caused by intractable pruritus that is difficult to treat. therefore the antipruritic efficacy of capsaicin seemed to be of particular interest because this alkaloid, extractable from red pepper, interferes with the perception of pruritus and pain by depletion of neuropeptides in small sensory cutaneous nerves. | 2001 | 11209117 |
| estimation of precision and efficiency mass transfer steps for the determination of pesticides in vegetables aiming at the expression of results with reliable uncertainty. | a 'bottom-up' approach for the expression of results obtained from analytical methods that include analytical steps with recovery inherently different from 100% [mass transfer steps (mts): extraction, evaporation, clean-up procedures, digestion, etc.] is presented. the estimation of the combination of all mts uncertainty involves the comparison of the experimental dispersion of replicated analyses of spiked samples with the estimation of the uncertainty obtained for the combination of all uncert ... | 2000 | 11002928 |
| [topical administration of capsaicin in dermatology for treatment of itching and pain]. | treatment of pruritus as observed in many dermatological and internal diseases may be very often disappointing. there are many reports describing the topical use of capsaicin, the pungent agent in red pepper. long term administration of capsaicin depletes neuropeptides in unmyelinated, polymodal c-type and small myelinated a delta-type cutaneous nerves that conduct pruritus and pain. | 2000 | 10789077 |
| host plant effects on activities of detoxification enzymes and insecticide tolerance in western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (insecta). | the polyphagous western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, is a severe pest of horticultural crops. individuals from a laboratory population adapted to bean plants were transferred to new host plants, sweet pepper and chrysanthemum, to establish two new populations. the thrips appeared to perform poorly on the new host plants, as the total protein content of individual adults was lowered in the new populations. the specific activities of two insect detoxification enzyme systems, esterase ... | 2014 | 25419932 |
| effects of red pepper on appetite and energy intake. | two studies were conducted to investigate the effects of red pepper (capsaicin) on feeding behaviour and energy intake. in the first study, the effects of dietary red pepper added to high-fat (hf) and high-carbohydrate (hc) meals on subsequent energy and macronutrient intakes were examined in thirteen japanese female subjects. after the ingestion of a standardized dinner on the previous evening, the subjects ate an experimental breakfast (1883 kj) of one of the following four types: (1) hf; (2) ... | 1999 | 10743483 |
| latex type i sensitization and allergy in children with atopic dermatitis. evaluation of cross-reactivity to some foods. | recent studies have demonstrated that allergy to natural rubber latex (nrl) is associated with cross-reactivity to certain foods. the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of nrl sensitization and allergy in children with atopic dermatitis (n=74). we also examined cross-reactions between latex and foods, and compared the frequency of suspected latex cross-reacting fruits in children with and without nrl-specific immunoglobulin e (ige). twelve of the 74 atopic children studied (16.2 ... | 1999 | 10565556 |
| effects of red pepper added to high-fat and high-carbohydrate meals on energy metabolism and substrate utilization in japanese women. | the effects of dietary red pepper added to high-fat (hf) and high-carbohydrate (hc) meals on energy metabolism were examined in thirteen japanese female subjects. after ingesting a standardized dinner on the previous evening, the subjects took an experimental breakfast (1883 kj) under the following four conditions: hf meal, hf and red-pepper (10 g) meal, hc meal, or hc and red-pepper meal. palatability of the experimental meals was measured immediately after the meals. expired air was collected ... | 1998 | 10211048 |
| cross-reactivity between latex and sweet pepper due to prohevein. | | 1998 | 9821486 |
| [is there a correlation between dietary habits and hemorrhoidal disease?]. | it is empirically accepted that certain foods play a role in the pathogenesis of hemorrhoids or their acute exacerbation. the aim of this work was to determine whether there is a relationship between hemorrhoids and certain food-related or common toxin-related factors. | 1998 | 9767961 |
| effect of capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce suspension on upper gastrointestinal motility in healthy volunteers. | afferent nerves play a major role in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility. the questions remains if specific food ingredients can selectively activate such fibers. the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of intraesophageal application of a capsaicin-containing red pepper sauce (tabasco) suspension on upper gastrointestinal motility in a controlled trial. after a baseline recording [esophageal motility, balloon distension, electrogastrogram (egg)], red pepper or saline solution ... | 1998 | 9635602 |
| food intake, energy balance and body weight control. | obesity is a multifactorial and complex affectation that is characterized by a long-term excess energy intake (ei) above energy expenditure (ee). since fat oxidation seems to be dependent on sns activation and also seems to remain acutely unaffected by fat intake, this macronutrient is certainly partly responsible for this situation. in addition, high-fat intake does not induce as potent satiety signals or a compensation effect on subsequent ei as do diets rich in carbohydrates or proteins. more ... | 1997 | 9426360 |
| increase in swimming endurance capacity of mice by capsaicin-induced adrenal catecholamine secretion. | increase in endurance swimming capacity caused by capsaicin (cap), a pungent component of red pepper, -induced increase of fat metabolism in mice was investigated using an adjustable-current water pool. the mice administered cap via a stomach tube, showed longer swimming time until exhaustion than the control group of mice, in a dose-dependent manner. the maximal effect was observed at a dose of 10 mg/kg while more than 15 mg/kg had no effect. the increase of endurance was observed only when cap ... | 1997 | 9362118 |
| cross-reactivity between natural rubber latex and food allergens. | immediate-type hypersensitivity to latex is a growing problem, especially among health care workers (hcws) and patients requiring long-term catheterization and multiple operations. the responsible allergens are latex proteins, which are found in raw latex, as well as in various latex-containing products. more than 200 polypeptides can be discerned in latex sap and of these, 60 proteins showed reactivity with ige antibodies from patients with latex allergy. several of these proteins have been cha ... | 1997 | 21781817 |
| intranasal capsaicin is efficacious in non-allergic, non-infectious perennial rhinitis. a placebo-controlled study. | several authors described capsaicin, the pungent substance in red pepper, as an efficacious therapy for non-allergic non-infectious perennial rhinitis (naniper). repeated capsaicin application induces peptide depletion and specific degeneration of the unmyelinated sensory c-fibres in the nasal mucosa. | 1997 | 9249272 |
| peppers and pain. the promise of capsaicin. | capsaicin, the most pungent ingredient in red peppers, has been used for centuries to remedy pain. recently, its role has come under reinvestigation due to evidence that the drug acts selectively on a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons with a nociceptive function. these neurons, besides generating pain sensations, participate through an antidromic activation in the process known as neurogenic inflammation. the first exposure to capsaicin intensely activates these neurons in both senses (or ... | 1997 | 9179523 |
| dietary red pepper ingestion increases carbohydrate oxidation at rest and during exercise in runners. | the effects of dietary hot red pepper on energy metabolism at rest and during exercise were examined in long distance male runners 18-23 yr of age. a standardized meal was given on the evening prior to the experiment. the subjects had a meal (2720 kj) with or without 10 g of hot red pepper for breakfast. during rest (2.5 h after meal) and exercise (pedaling for 1 h at 150 w, about 60% vo2max, using cycling ergometry), expired gasses and venous blood were collected. the meal with hot red pepper s ... | 1997 | 9139174 |
| red pepper effect. | | 1996 | 8995873 |
| evidence for two types of phosphate translocators in sweet-pepper (capsicum annum l.) fruit chromoplasts. | we have investigated whether there is evidence for the presence of different types of phosphate translocators in envelopes purified from pepper-fruit chromoplasts. a method was developed that allowed the purification of envelope membranes from isolated pepper-fruit chromoplasts. proteoliposomes containing envelope-membrane proteins are able to import inorganic phosphate (p1) or glucose 6-phosphate (glc6p). in both cases, the rate of import is strongly dependent upon preloading of proteoliposomes ... | 1996 | 8947460 |
| screening of aflatoxins in shiro and ground red pepper in addis ababa. | aflatoxin contamination of shiro and ground red pepper samples collected from government owned good stores, retail shops and open markets in. addis ababa was investigated. from sixty samples each of ground red pepper and shiro, 8 (13.33%) and 5 (8.33%) were positive for aflatoxins, respectively. only aflatoxin b1 was detected in both types of foodstuff. there was no significant difference between the proportion of aflatoxin contained in both ground red pepper and shiro samples. aflatoxin levels ... | 1996 | 9164040 |
| [daily intake of carotenoids (carotenes and xanthophylls) from total diet and the carotenoid content of selected vegetables and fuit]. | the recommended daily intake is currently either 2 mg of beta-carotene (recommended by dge, germany, in addition to 1.0 (0.8) mg retinol-equivalents for vitamin a requirement) or 5-6 mg of beta-carotene (recommended by nci, usa). the present studies were carried out to investigate to what extent a balanced diet prepared using household or cafeteria methods contributes to achieve the desired intake. beta-carotene and other carotenoids in the total daily diet samples were determined by rp-hplc. in ... | 1996 | 8815648 |
| red pepper-induced dermatitis in breast-fed infants. | we report a transient, erythematous dermatitis that formed in 2 infants shortly after breast-feeding from their mothers who had ingested food flavored with red pepper, although the mothers did not display any signs of dermatitis. | 1996 | 8864625 |
| effects of red-pepper diet on the energy metabolism in men. | we investigated the effects of dietary red pepper on the energy metabolism in male subjects. in the first experiment, after having a standardized dinner on the previous evening, the subjects consumed a breakfast (650 kcal) either with or without 10 g of red pepper. for 150 min after the meal, they took a rest and their expired gas was collected. during the initial 30 min after the meal, the energy expenditure tended to be higher in the red-pepper diet period than in the control diet period. for ... | 1995 | 8926537 |
| [allergy associated with pepper and latex: new cross reaction?]. | the aim of this study was to point out the frequency of associated sensitization to rubber latex and to sweet pepper. the study included three populations of patients: patients allergic to rubber latex, patients sensitized to rubber latex and patients without any clinical symptoms for rubber latex and sweet pepper (negative controls). we pointed out a high frequency of patients sensitized to sweet pepper among the patients allergic or sensitized to rubber latex which lead to the hypothesis of a ... | 1995 | 8851036 |
| natural occurrence of mycotoxins in different spices in egypt. | a total of 120 different samples belonging to 24 kinds of species collected from different places at assiut governorate (egypt) were examined for the natural occurrence of mycotoxins. tlc analysis of spice extracts revealed the presence of aflatoxins (8-35 micrograms/kg) in 16 samples of anise, black pepper, caraway, black cumin, fennel, peppermint, coriander and marjoram, sterigmatocystin (10-23 micrograms/kg) in ten samples of red pepper, caraway, cumin and marjoram and citrinin (8-12 microgra ... | 1995 | 8919936 |
| capsaicin, a double-edged sword: toxicity, metabolism, and chemopreventive potential. | capsaicin (8-methyl-n-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is a primary pungent and irritating principle present in chilies and red peppers which are widely used as spices. because of its selective effects on the functions of a defined subpopulation of sensory neurons, capsaicin is currently used as a versatile tool for the study of pain mechanisms and also for pharmacotherapy to treat several pain disorders. considering the frequent consumption of capsaicin as a food additive and its current medicinal use, c ... | 1995 | 7746093 |
| induction of the anti-carcinogenic enzyme quinone reductase by food extracts using murine hepatoma cells. | over 145 extracts of vegetables, fruits, herbs, spices and beverages which are consumed regularly in the european diet have been surveyed for potential anti-carcinogenic activity using an assay which measures the induction of nad(p)h: (quinone acceptor) menadione oxidoreductase (quinone reductase, qr) activity in murine cells challenged with solutions of potential inducers. when appropriate the study has included extracts prepared from cooked and autolysed material. the results indicate that ext ... | 1994 | 8061594 |