| diversity and evolution of mariner-like elements in aphid genomes. | although transposons have been identified in almost all organisms, genome-wide information on mariner elements in aphididae remains unknown. genomes of acyrthosiphon pisum, diuraphis noxia and myzus persicae belonging to the macrosiphini tribe, actually available in databases, have been investigated. | 2017 | 28662628 |
| attraction of aphidius ervi (hymenoptera: braconidae) and aphidoletes aphidimyza (diptera: cecidomyiidae) to sweet alyssum and assessment of plant resources effects on their fitness. | the green peach aphid myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) is one of the most economically important aphid species affecting crops worldwide. since many natural enemies of this aphid have been recorded, biological control of this pest might be a viable alternative to manage it. selected plant species in field margins might help to provide the natural enemies with food sources to enhance their fitness. this study aimed to investigate if sweet alyssum, lobularia maritima (l.) (brassicace ... | 2018 | 29365141 |
| molecular characterization, mrna expression and alternative splicing of ryanodine receptor gene in the brown citrus aphid, toxoptera citricida (kirkaldy). | ryanodine receptors (ryrs) play a critical role in regulating the release of intracellular calcium, which enables them to be effectively targeted by the two novel classes of insecticides, phthalic acid diamides and anthranilic diamides. however, less information is available about this target site in insects, although the sequence and structure information of target molecules are essential for designing new control agents of high selectivity and efficiency, as well as low non-target toxicity. he ... | 2015 | 26154764 |
| identification of the alarm pheromone of cowpea aphid, and comparison with two other aphididae species. | in response to a predator attack, many aphidinae species release an alarm pheromone, which induces dispersal behavior in other individuals within the colony. the major component of this pheromone is the sesquiterpene (e)-β-farnesene (eβf), but variations occur between aphid species. in the present work, we collected, identified, and quantified the alarm pheromone of aphis craccivora koch (hemiptera: aphididae), before quantifying the escape behavior induced in the neighboring individuals. we com ... | 2018 | 29301046 |
| aphid species affect foraging behavior of coccinella septempunctata (coccinellidae: coleoptera). | flowers are admirable in scenic good looks and artistic beautification. these are also playing necessary roles in therapeutic preparations. aphid is an important sucking pest of various flowers in ornamental territories and it is generally controlled by predators, so it was necessary to evaluate which aphid species affect the predator more or less. | 2017 | 29023008 |
| survival and feeding rates of four aphid species (hemiptera: aphididae) on various sucrose concentrations in diets. | different concentrations of sucrose were used to investigate how survival and feeding was affected in four species of aphids (hemiptera: aphididae). seven sucrose concentrations were evaluated in feeding chambers fitted with parafilm membranes and infested with nymphs of aphis glycines matsumura, diuraphis noxia kurdjumov, myzus persicae sulzer, or schizaphis graminum rondani at 25 °c and a photoperiod of 14:10 (l:d) h. survival on each diet was recorded 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 d. diet volumes (μl ... | 2017 | 28637212 |
| fasting alters aphid probing behaviour but does not universally increase the transmission rate of non-circulative viruses. | a fasting period prior to non-circulative virus acquisition has been shown to increase the rate of transmission by aphids. however, this effect has only been studied for a few virus-vector combinations, and there are contradictory results in the literature as to the role of fasting on virus acquisition. we analysed the influence of fasting on the transmission of three non-circulative viruses, cucumber mosaic virus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus and cauliflower mosaic virus, by two aphid vector sp ... | 2017 | 29134940 |
| cotton photosynthesis-related psak1 protein is involved in plant response to aphid attack. | it is believed that hundreds of genes, including photosynthesis-related genes, are typically involved in plant response to aphid feeding. up to now, however, it is little known on the relationship between the photosynthesis-related genes and plant response to herbivores. in this study, we identified a cotton photosynthesis-related gene (ghpsak1) which belongs to psi-psak family and encodes a putative protein of 162 amino acids. rt-pcr analysis revealed that ghpsak1 transcripts in leaves were inc ... | 2014 | 24469731 |
| insecticidal activity of proteinous venom from tentacle of jellyfish rhopilema esculentum kishinouye. | insecticidal activity of proteinous venom from tentacle of jellyfish rhopilema esculentum kishinouye was determined against three pest species, stephanitis pyri fabriciusa, aphis medicaginis koch, and myzus persicae sulzer. r. esculentum full proteinous venom had different insecticidal activity against s. pyri fabriciusa, a. medicaginis koch, and m. persicae sulzer. the 48 h lc50 values were 123.1, 581.6, and 716.3 microg/ml, respectively. of the three pests, r. esculentum full proteinous venom ... | 2005 | 16168648 |
| are there fitness costs of adaptive pyrethroid resistance in the amphipod, hyalella azteca? | pyrethroid-resistant hyalella azteca with voltage-gated sodium channel mutations have been identified at multiple locations throughout california. in december 2013, h. azteca were collected from mosher slough in stockton, ca, usa, a site with reported pyrethroid (primarily bifenthrin and cyfluthrin) sediment concentrations approximately twice the 10-d lc50 for laboratory-cultured h. azteca. these h. azteca were shipped to southern illinois university carbondale and have been maintained in pyreth ... | 2017 | 29274536 |
| spatial and temporal dynamics of aphids (hemiptera: aphididae) in the columbia basin and northeastern oregon. | aphid species, such as the potato aphid, macrosiphum euphorbiae thomas, and the green peach aphid, myzus persicae sulzer, are routinely considered the most important pests of potatoes. potato aphid, green peach aphid, and more recently, other aphids such as the bird cherry-oat aphid rhopalosiphum padi l. have been identified as vectors of multiple plant pathogenic viruses in potatoes. since 2006, an area-wide trapping network consisting of ∼60 sites was developed through collaboration between re ... | 2017 | 28510728 |
| a new approach to quantify semiochemical effects on insects based on energy landscapes. | our ability to document insect preference for semiochemicals is pivotal in pest control as these agents can improve monitoring and be deployed within integrated pest management programmes for more efficacious control of pest species. however, methods used to date have drawbacks that limit their utility. we present and test a new concept for determining insect motivation to move towards, or away from, semiochemicals by noting direction and speed of movement as animals work against a defined energ ... | 2014 | 25171062 |
| expression of monstera deliciosa agglutinin gene (mda) in tobacco confers resistance to peach-potato aphids. | the aphid is one of the most serious pests that causes damage to crops worldwide. lectins from araceae plant had been proved useful to control the aphid. herein, the full-length cdna of monstera deliciosa agglutinin (mda) gene was cloned and then introduced into tobacco and the influence of the expression of mda in transgenic tobacco against peach-potato aphids (myzus persicae) was investigated. among 92 regenerated plants, 59 positive tobacco lines were obtained. real-time pcr assays and aphid ... | 2012 | 22660606 |
| clonal turnover of mace-carrying peach-potato aphids (myzus persicae (sulzer), homoptera: aphididae) colonizing scotland. | peach-potato aphids, myzus persicae (sulzer), collected in scotland in the years 1995 and 2002-2004 were characterized using four microsatellite loci and three insecticide resistance mechanisms. from 868 samples, 14 multilocus genotypes were defined (designated clones a-n). five of these (denoted a, b, h, m and n) carried modified acetylcholinesterase (mace) resistance, the most recent resistance mechanism to have evolved in m. persicae. the current paper shows that the continued presence of mac ... | 2008 | 18076780 |
| the causes and processes of the mid-summer population crash of the potato aphids macrosiphum euphorbiae and myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). | populations of many phloem-feeding aphid species in temperate regions increase exponentially in early summer and then 'disappear', usually over a time-scale of a few days, in july. to understand these dynamics, empirical investigation of the causes and modelling of the processes underlying population change are required. numbers of the aphids myzus persicae(sulzer) and macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas), monitored over three years in commercial potato fields in the uk, increased to a maximum of 2-2 ... | 2003 | 14641981 |
| analogous pleiotropic effects of insecticide resistance genotypes in peach-potato aphids and houseflies. | we show that single-point mutations conferring target-site resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids and ddt in aphids and houseflies, and gene amplification conferring metabolic resistance (carboxylesterase) to organophosphates and carbamates in aphids, can have deleterious pleiotropic effects on fitness. behavioural studies on peach-potato aphids showed that a reduced response to alarm pheromone was associated with both gene amplification and the kdr target-site mutation. in this species, gene amplifica ... | 2003 | 12886275 |
| interactions of aphid herbivory and nitrogen availability on the total foliar glycoalkaloid content of potato plants. | in plant growth room (pgr) and open-air pot (oap) experiments, potato cvs king edward and maris piper were grown under two nitrogen levels or two different nitrogen release patterns. plants were subjected to infestation by peach potato aphids myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae). total glycoalkaloid (ga) levels were measured in the foliage of both infested and non-infested plants, before, during and after aphid infestation. in the pgr experiment, aphid infestation reduced the amounts of total g ... | 2001 | 11545368 |
| relationship between amount of esterase and gene copy number in insecticide-resistant myzus persicae (sulzer). | overproduction of the insecticide-degrading esterases, e4 and fe4, in peach-potato aphids, myzus persicae (sulzer), depends on both gene amplification and transcriptional control, the latter being associated with changes in dna methylation. the structure and function of the aphid esterase genes have been studied but the determination of their copy number has proved difficult, a common problem with gene amplification. we have now used a combination of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and quantita ... | 1999 | 10215614 |
| changes in the methylation of amplified esterase dna during loss and reselection of insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids, myzus persicae. | insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids, myzus persicae, results from the amplification of genes encoding an esterase that hydrolyses and sequesters insecticides. resistance is normally stable, but highly resistant aphid clones sometimes lose resistance when insecticidal selection pressure is removed. this loss of resistance, termed reversion, arises from a loss of elevated esterase enzyme through transcriptional control, i.e. without loss of the amplified esterase dna sequences. we have s ... | 1996 | 8673078 |
| molecular evidence that insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (myzus persicae sulz.) results from amplification of an esterase gene. | cdna clones for the esterase (e4) responsible for broad insecticide resistance in peach-potato aphids (myzus persicae sulz.) were isolated and used to study the molecular basis of resistance. increased esterase synthesis by resistant aphids was found to be associated with amplification of the structural gene for the esterase (e4 or its closely related variant, fe4), the degree of amplification being correlated with the activity of the esterase and the level of resistance. hybridization of the cd ... | 1988 | 3390158 |
| honeydew analysis for detecting phloem transport of plant natural products : implications for host-plant resistance to sap-sucking insects. | analysis of honeydew excreted by various sap-sucking insects indicated the presence of certain plant secondary constituents in the phloem of their host plants. honeydew excreted by mealybugs (pseudococcus longispinus), living oncastanospermum australe, contained the indolizidine alkaloid castanospermine, a potent β-glucosidase inhibitor. similarly, honeydew from green peach aphids (myzus persicae), feeding onsenecio vulgaris flower buds, contained the pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine, itsn-oxi ... | 1990 | 24263993 |
| examining the potential role of foliar chemistry in imparting potato germplasm tolerance to potato psyllid, green peach aphid, and zebra chip disease. | long-term, sustainable management of zebra chip disease of potato, caused by 'candidatus liberibacter solanacearum' (lso) and vectored by potato psyllids (bactericera cockerelli sulc [hemiptera: triozidae]), requires development of cultivars resistant or tolerant to infection or capable of reducing spread or both. we examined the influence that five experimental breeding clones of potato had on potato psyllids and their ability to vector lso. the ability of these potato clones to resist aphids ( ... | 2017 | 29186612 |
| pre-infestation of tomato plants by aphids modulates transmission-acquisition relationship among whiteflies, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) and plants. | herbivory defense systems in plants are largely regulated by jasmonate-(ja) and salicylate-(sa) signaling pathways. such defense mechanisms may impact insect feeding dynamic, may also affect the transmission-acquisition relationship among virus, plants and vectoring insects. in the context of the tomato - whitefly - tomato yellow leaf curl virus (tylcv) biological model, we tested the impact of pre-infesting plants with a non-vector insect (aphid myzus persicae) on feeding dynamics of a vector i ... | 2017 | 29018457 |
| new insights into diet breadth of polyphagous and oligophagous aphids on two arabidopsis ecotypes. | we investigated whether plant ecotype might affect aphid performance and behavior. the probing behaviors of the polyphagous aphid myzus persicae and the oligophagous aphid brevicoryne brassicae on two ecotypes of arabidopsis thaliana, ws and col-0 were recorded using the direct current electrical penetration graph method (dc-epg). myzus persicae displayed a significant preference for the ws ecotype but was not greatly disturbed on col-0, while b. brassicae discriminated between the two a. thalia ... | 2017 | 29271105 |
| insect mutualisms buffer warming effects on multiple trophic levels. | insect mutualisms can have disproportionately large impacts on local arthropod and plant communities and their responses to climatic change. the objective of this study was to determine if the presence of insect mutualisms affects host plant and herbivore responses to warming. using open-top warming chambers at harvard forest, massachusetts, usa, we manipulated temperature and presence of ants and chaitophorus populicola aphids on populus tremuloides host plants and monitored ant attendance and ... | 2014 | 24649640 |
| transcription of densovirus endogenous sequences in the myzus persicae genome. | integration of non-retroviral sequences in the genome of different organisms has been observed and, in some cases, a relationship of these integrations with immunity has been established. the genome of the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (clone g006), was screened for densovirus-like sequence (dls) integrations. a total of 21 dlss localized on 10 scaffolds were retrieved that mostly shared sequence identity with two aphid-infecting viruses, myzus persicae densovirus (mpdnv) and dysaphis planta ... | 2016 | 26758080 |
| differences in effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloids on five generalist insect herbivore species. | the evolution of the diversity in plant secondary compounds is often thought to be driven by insect herbivores, although there is little empirical evidence for this assumption. to investigate whether generalist insect herbivores could play a role in the evolution of the diversity of related compounds, we examined if (1) related compounds differ in their effects on generalists, (2) there is a synergistic effect among compounds, and (3) effects of related compounds differed among insect species. t ... | 2005 | 16222788 |
| the influence of nutritional history on the functional response of geocoris pallidipennis to its prey, myzus persicae. | insect artificial diets are the foundation for mass production of insect predators. whether there is an influence of long-term rearing with artificial diet on the control ability of predators should be considered. here, we focused on the effect of nutritional history on the functional response of geocoris pallidipennis to myzus persicae. the influence of nutritional history (artificial diet versus natural prey, m. persicae) on the functional response of third to fifth instar nymphs and female g. ... | 2014 | 24990177 |
| insect antifeedant and ixodicidal compounds from senecio adenotrichius. | nine eremophilane sesquiterpenes 1 - 9, two flavonoids 11 and 12, and two known pirrolizidine alkaloids 13 and 14, were isolated from senecio adenotrichius dc. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and by comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data of similar compounds. compounds 5, 7, and 9 have not been previously reported as natural products. the antifeedant activity of these compounds was tested against spodoptera litoralis and myzus persicae. eremoph ... | 2017 | 27546067 |
| local and broadscale landscape structure differentially impact predation of two potato pests. | agricultural habitats are the recipients of ecosystem services provided by mobile arthropods like pollinators and natural enemies. these organisms can disperse between non-crop habitats and crops and can benefit from resources in non-crop areas. thus, it may be important to conserve non-crop habitats to maintain ecosystem services within crops. however, even single ecosystem services, such as pollination or predation of pests, may be provided by a complex of species. different species may respon ... | 2010 | 20597294 |
| antifeedant and phytotoxic activity of hydroxyperezone and related molecules. | the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of hydroxyperezone (1), its derivatives 2-9, along with 3-hydroxy- (10) and 6-hydroxythymoquinone (11) were studied against spodoptera littoralis, leptinotarsa decemlineata, and myzus persicae. the antifeedant tests showed that l. decemlineata was the most sensitive insect, followed by m. persicae, while s. littoralis was not deterred by compounds 1-11. leucohydroxyperezone tetraacetate (3), oxoperezinone (6), dihydroleucoperezinone diacetate (7), 3-hydr ... | 2011 | 18533466 |
| antifeedant effects of marine halogenated monoterpenes. | in this work the antifeedant effects of the halogenated monoterpenes 1-13 were tested against several divergent insect species. these compounds have been isolated from plocamium cartilagineum (6 was isolated as an acetyl derivative), except for 4, which was isolated from pantoneura plocamioides. we have also included the semisynthetic derivatives 1a, 2a, and 7. compounds 1, 1a, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8-10, and 13 were antifeedants against leptinotarsa decemlineata with varying potencies. the aphids myzus p ... | 2002 | 12428955 |
| structure- and species-dependent insecticidal effects of neo-clerodane diterpenes. | several natural neo-clerodane diterpenoids isolated from linaria saxatilis and some semisynthetic derivatives were tested against several insect species with different feeding adaptations. the antifeedant tests showed that the oliphagous leptinotarsa decemlineata was the most sensitive insect, followed by the aphid myzus persicae. the polyphagous spodoptera littoralis was not deterred by these diterpenoids; however, following oral administration, some of these compounds did have postingestive an ... | 2000 | 10956169 |
| design, synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel hydrocarbylidene nitrohydrazinecarboximidamides. | neonicotinoids, among the most important pesticides in recent decades, have played pivotal roles in controlling agricultural pests. however, the toxicity to some environmentally beneficial insects is a cause of concern. the development of novel insecticides safer to these insects is increasingly urgent. | 2017 | 28247562 |
| metabolism, excretion and avoidance of cyanogenic glucosides in insects with different feeding specialisations. | cyanogenic glucosides (cnglcs) are widespread plant defence compounds releasing toxic hydrogen cyanide when hydrolysed by specific β-glucosidases after plant tissue damage. in contrast to specialist herbivores that have mechanisms to avoid toxicity from cnglcs, it is generally assumed that non-adapted herbivores are negatively affected by cnglcs. recent evidence, however, implies that the defence potential of cnglcs towards herbivores may not be as effective as previously anticipated. here, perf ... | 2015 | 26483288 |
| herbivory by a phloem-feeding insect inhibits floral volatile production. | there is extensive knowledge on the effects of insect herbivory on volatile emission from vegetative tissue, but little is known about its impact on floral volatiles. we show that herbivory by phloem-feeding aphids inhibits floral volatile emission in white mustard sinapis alba measured by gas chromatographic analysis of headspace volatiles. the effect of the brassica specialist aphid lipaphis erysimi was stronger than the generalist aphid myzus persicae and feeding by chewing larvae of the moth ... | 2012 | 22384116 |
| host foraging for differentially adapted brassica-feeding aphids by the braconid parasitoid diaeretiella rapae. | interactions occurring in a tritrophic system comprising plants, aphids and parasitoids are of great complexity. the generalist endoparasitoid diaeretiella rapae (mcintosh) (hymenoptera: aphidiidae) displays specialist characteristics on brassica feeding aphids. previously, we studied differential signalling to d. rapae by specialist and generalist brassicaceae feeding aphids on turnip. we reported no differences in the attractiveness of volatile compounds from the two turnip/aphid complexes. ho ... | 2008 | 19704475 |
| [controlling effects of plant extracts and pesticides on myzus persicae and lipaphis erysimi populations]. | this paper studied the controlling effects of xanthium sibiricum and syngonium podophyllum ethanol extracts, mobile oil emulsion and 0.3% azadirachtin ec on myzus persicae and lipaphis erysimi populations both in laboratory and in field. the results showed that in laboratory, x. sibiricum extract was the key deterrent to myzus persicae, while sprayed it with s. podophyllum extract and with petroleum spray oil or 0.3 % azadirachtin ec, the deterrent effect could be improved. as for pterigota lipa ... | 2005 | 16252875 |
| influence of host quality and temperature on the biology of diaeretiella rapae (hymenoptera: braconidae, aphidiinae). | biological features of diaeretiella rapae (mcintosh), an aphid parasitoid, are conditioned by temperature and host. however, studies of host quality changes due to temperature adaptability have not been performed previously. therefore, this study evaluated the adaptability of lipaphis pseudobrassicae (davis) and myzus persicae (sulzer) to high temperature, high temperature effect on their quality as hosts for d. rapae, and on parasitoid's thermal threshold. aphid development, survivorship, fecun ... | 2017 | 28881958 |
| expanding the structure-activity relationship of sulfoxaflor: the synthesis and biological activity of n-heterocyclic sulfoximines. | sulfoxaflor, a new insect control agent developed by dow agrosciences, exhibits broad-spectrum control of many sap-feeding insect pests, including aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, planthoppers and lygus bugs. during the development of sulfoxaflor, structure-activity relationship (sar) exploration of the sulfoximine functional group revealed that the nature of the sulfoximine nitrogen substituent significantly affects insecticidal acitivity. as part of the investigation to probe the various elect ... | 2015 | 25067823 |
| wild solanum resistance to aphids: antixenosis or antibiosis? | the type (antixenosis or antibiosis) of resistance against the aphids myzus persicae (sulzer) and macrosiphum euphorbiae (thomas) was characterized for the wild tuber-bearing potatoes, solanum chomatophilum bitter and solanum stoloniferum schltdl. & bouché through behavioral (olfactometry and electrical penetration graph) and physiological studies. in dual-choice assays, only s. stoloniferum exerted attraction to m. euphorbiae. this ruled out the possibility that plant volatiles of s. chomatophi ... | 2008 | 18459428 |
| the design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1,5,7-trisubstituted-3-pyridyl-xanthones for use as insecticides starting from pyripyropene a. | a readily accessible template of 1,5,7-trisubstituted-3-pyridyl-xanthones was designed starting from naturally occurring pyripyropene a for agrichemical development. our originally developed ag2 co3 -mediated oxidative cyclization enabled ready access to the key scaffold, 1,5,7-trihydroxy-3-chloro-xanthone. the chemo- and regioselective sequential introduction of four substituents to the scaffold rapidly afforded the desired, structurally diverse 1,5,7-trisubstituted-3-pyridyl-xanthones. an eval ... | 2016 | 27862416 |
| qualitative sybr green real-time detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms responsible for target-site resistance in insect pests: the example of myzus persicae and musca domestica. | chemical insecticides have been widely used to control insect pests, leading to the selection of resistant populations. to date, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) have already been associated with insecticide resistance, causing reduced sensitivity to many classes of products. monitoring and detection of target-site resistance is currently one of the most important factors for insect pest management strategies. several methods are available for this purpose: automated and high-throu ... | 2017 | 27444359 |
| comparative transcriptomics and proteomics of three different aphid species identifies core and diverse effector sets. | aphids are phloem-feeding insects that cause significant economic losses to agriculture worldwide. while feeding and probing these insects deliver molecules, called effectors, inside their host to enable infestation. the identification and characterization of these effectors from different species that vary in their host range is an important step in understanding the infestation success of aphids and aphid host range variation. this study employs a multi-disciplinary approach based on transcrip ... | 2016 | 26935069 |
| hyperthermic aphids: insights into behaviour and mortality. | although the impact of warming on winter limitation of aphid populations is reasonably well understood, the impacts of hot summers and heat wave events are less clear. in this study, we address this question through a detailed analysis of the thermal ecology of three closely related aphid species: myzus persicae, a widespread, polyphagous temperate zone pest, myzus polaris, an arctic aphid potentially threatened by climate warming, and, myzus ornatus, a glasshouse pest that may benefit from warm ... | 2010 | 19737571 |
| a comparison of low temperature tolerance traits between closely related aphids from the tropics, temperate zone, and arctic. | the survival of aphids exposed to low temperatures is strongly influenced by their ability to move within and between plants and to survive exposure to potentially lethal low temperatures. little is known about the physiological and behavioural limitations on aphid movement at low temperatures or how they may relate to lethal temperature thresholds. these questions are addressed here through an analysis of the thermal ecology of three closely related aphid species: myzus persicae, a ubiquitous t ... | 2010 | 19723528 |
| an ultraviolet b condition that affects growth and defense in arabidopsis. | ultraviolet b light (uv-b, 280-315 nm) is the shortest wavelength of the solar spectrum reaching the surface of the earth. it has profound effects on plants, ranging from growth regulation to severe metabolic changes. low level uv-b mainly causes photomorphogenic effects while higher levels can induce stress, yet these effects tend to overlap. here we identified a condition that allows growth reduction without obvious detrimental stress in wild type arabidopsis rosette plants. this condition was ... | 2018 | 29362084 |
| soil microbial species loss affects plant biomass and survival of an introduced bacterial strain, but not inducible plant defences. | plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) strains can influence plant-insect interactions. however, little is known about the effect of changes in the soil bacterial community in general and especially the loss of rare soil microbes on these interactions. here, the influence of rare soil microbe reduction on induced systemic resistance (isr) in a wild ecotype of arabidopsis thaliana against the aphid myzus persicae was investigated. | 2018 | 29329376 |
| non-plastidial expression of a synthetic insect geranyl pyrophosphate synthase effectively increases tobacco plant biomass. | designing effective synthetic genes of interest is a fundamental step in plant synthetic biology for biomass. geranyl pyrophosphate (diphosphate) synthase (gpps) catalyzes a bottleneck step toward terpenoid metabolism. we previously designed and synthesized a plant (arabidopsis thaliana)-insect (myzus persicae, mp) gpps- human influenza hemagglutinin (ha) cdna, namely ptp-mpgpps-ha (or ptp-smpgpps-ha, s: synthetic), to localize the protein in plastids and improve plant biomass. to better underst ... | 2018 | 29277027 |
| occurrence of target-site resistance to neonicotinoids in the aphid myzus persicae in tunisia, and its status on different host plants. | the r81t mutation conferring target site resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in myzus persicae was first detected in france and has since spread across much of southern europe. in response to recent claims of control failure with neonicotinoids in tunisia, we have used a molecular assay to investigate the presence and distribution of this target site mutation in samples collected from six locations and six crops attacked by m. persicae. | 2017 | 29266681 |
| overexpression and down-regulation of barley lipoxygenase lox2.2 affects jasmonate-regulated genes and aphid fecundity. | aphids are pests on many crops and depend on plant phloem sap as their food source. in an attempt to find factors improving plant resistance against aphids, we studied the effects of overexpression and down-regulation of the lipoxygenase gene lox2.2 in barley (hordeum vulgare l.) on the performance of two aphid species. a specialist, bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) and a generalist, green peach aphid (myzus persicae sulzer) were studied. lox2.2 overexpressing lines showed up-regula ... | 2017 | 29257097 |
| characterization of a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding site for sulfoxaflor, a new sulfoximine insecticide for the control of sap-feeding insect pests. | sulfoxaflor (sfx, isoclast™ active) is a recently developed sulfoximine insecticide that is highly effective against sap-feeding insect pests. sfx has been shown to act through an interaction with insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs). sfx was previously found to interact weakly with the binding site for the neonicotinoid imidacloprid. however, radioligand displacement studies characterizing the binding site of the insecticide sfx itself have not been conducted. in this study, we rep ... | 2017 | 29183616 |
| monitoring insecticide resistance and diagnostics of resistance mechanisms in the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) in china. | myzus persicae (sulzer) is one of the most serious agricultural pests in china, and management strategies mainly rely on insecticidal treatment. to evaluate the resistance of field populations of m. persicae to seven insecticides, we assessed the susceptibility of 11 field populations collected from eight provinces in china using leaf-dip bioassays. toxicity assays showed that m. persicae field populations have developed several levels of resistance to each tested insecticide. for pyrethroids, t ... | 2017 | 29183609 |
| rhizosphere-associated pseudomonas induce systemic resistance to herbivores at the cost of susceptibility to bacterial pathogens. | plant-associated soil microbes are important mediators of plant defence responses to diverse above-ground pathogen and insect challengers. for example, closely related strains of beneficial rhizosphere pseudomonas spp. can induce systemic resistance (isr), systemic susceptibility (iss) or neither against the bacterial foliar pathogen pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato dc3000 (pto dc3000). using a model system composed of root-associated pseudomonas spp. strains, the foliar pathogen pto dc3000 and t ... | 2017 | 29087012 |
| up-regulation of mpk4 increases the feeding efficiency of the green peach aphid under elevated co2 in nicotiana attenuata. | previous research has shown that elevated co2 reduces plant resistance against insects and enhances the water use efficiency of c3 plants, which improves the feeding efficiency of aphids. although plant mitogen-activated protein kinases (mapks) are known to regulate water relations and phytohormone-mediated resistance, little is known about the effect of elevated co2 on mapks and the cascading effects on aphids. by using stably transformed nicotiana attenuata plants silenced in mpk4, wound-induc ... | 2017 | 29140446 |
| entomopathogenic fungi as dual control agents against both the pest myzus persicae and phytopathogen botrytis cinerea. | the green peach aphid (myzus persicae), a plant pest, and gray mold disease, caused by botrytis cinerea, affect vegetables and fruit crops all over the world. to control this aphid and mold, farmers typically rely on the use of chemical insecticides or fungicides. however, intensive use of these chemicals over many years has led to the development of resistance. to overcome this problem, there is a need to develop alternative control methods to suppress populations of this plant pest and pathoge ... | 2017 | 29138624 |
| arabidopsis actin-depolymerizing factor3 is required for controlling aphid feeding from the phloem. | the actin cytoskeleton network has an important role in plant cell growth, division, and stress response. actin-depolymerizing factors (adfs) are a group of actin-binding proteins that contribute to reorganization of the actin network. here, we show that the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) adf3 is required in the phloem for controlling infestation by myzus persicae sülzer, commonly known as the green peach aphid (gpa), which is an important phloem sap-consuming pest of more than fifty plant f ... | 2018 | 29133373 |
| use of electrical penetration graphs (epg) and quantitative pcr to evaluate the relationship between feeding behaviour and pandora neoaphidis infection levels in green peach aphid, myzus persicae. | a real-time qpcr method was developed, validated, and used to quantity the fungal pathogen, p. neoaphidis, within aphids at different times during infection; colonization rate fitted the gompertz model well (r2 = 0.9356). feeding behaviour of p. neoaphidis-infected and uninfected m. persicae were investigated, for the first time, using dc-electrical penetration graphs (dc-epg) that characterized the waveforms made during different aphid stylet probing periods corresponding to epidermis penetrati ... | 2018 | 29133229 |
| host plant-herbivore-predator interactions in chrysoperla carnea (neuroptera: chrysopidae) and myzus persicae (homoptera: aphididae) on four plant species under laboratory conditions. | the common green lacewing, chrysoperla carnea (stephens) (neuroptera: chrysopidae), is a well-known biocontrol agent. the current study examined host plant-herbivore-predator interactions with c. carnea and myzus persicae on four host plants (peach, almond, pepper, and potato). the experiments were carried out at 25 ± 1°c and 65 ± 5% rh at a photoperiod of 16:8 (l:d) h). duration of the preadult growth period, adult longevity, fecundity, and population growth parameters were analyzed based on th ... | 2017 | 29121244 |
| does multigenerational exposure to hormetic concentrations of imidacloprid precondition aphids for increased insecticide tolerance? | hormetic preconditioning, whereby exposure to mild stress primes an organism to better tolerate subsequent stress, is well documented. it is unknown if exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can trans-generationally prime insects to better tolerate insecticide exposure, or whether exposure to hormetic concentrations of insecticide can induce mutations in genes responsible for insecticide resistance. using the aphid myzus persicae (sulzer) and the insecticide imidacloprid as a model, ... | 2018 | 28905473 |
| temporal and spatial distribution of insecticide-resistance mutations in the green peach aphid myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) on primary and secondary host plants in central chile. | the aphid myzus persicae develops insensitivity to almost all classes of insecticides through target site mutations. the aim of this study was to assess the temporal and spatial distribution of resistant aphids that grow on peach trees and weeds, and establish the role of the secondary hosts as a reservoir of resistant genotypes. | 2018 | 28834161 |
| the protease inhibitor ci2c gene induced by bird cherry-oat aphid in barley inhibits green peach aphid fecundity in transgenic arabidopsis. | aphids are phloem feeders that cause large damage globally as pest insects. they induce a variety of responses in the host plant, but not much is known about which responses are promoting or inhibiting aphid performance. here, we investigated whether one of the responses induced in barley by the cereal aphid, bird cherry-oat aphid (rhopalosiphum padi l.) affects aphid performance in the model plant arabidopsis thaliana l. a barley cdna encoding the protease inhibitor ci2c was expressed in a. tha ... | 2017 | 28632160 |
| avoidance of parasitized host by female wasps of aphidius gifuensis (hymenoptera: braconidae): the role of natal rearing effects and host availability? | natal rearing experience of animals may affect their behaviors, such as habitat selection and oviposition decision. as part of the overall fitness of insect parasitoids, successful host discrimination (distinguishing parasitized hosts from unparasitized hosts) is of paramount importance. in this study we examined whether and how parasitoids' natal rearing experience would affect their host discrimination ability according to host availability. we established separate colonies of aphidius gifuens ... | 2017 | 28621508 |
| ovicidal and insecticidal activities of pyriproxyfen derivatives with an oxime ester group. | based on the structural framework of a pyriproxyfen metabolite, nineteen oxime ester derivatives were synthesized via reaction of the carboxylic acids with 4-(2-(2-pyridinyloxy)ethoxy)benzaldehyde oxime. the corresponding structures were comprehensively characterized by ¹h-nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr), 13c-nmr, and electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry (esi-hrms). all of the compounds were screened for their insecticidal activities against plutella xylostella and myzus pe ... | 2017 | 28594377 |
| interplay of plasma membrane and vacuolar ion channels, together with bak1, elicits rapid cytosolic calcium elevations in arabidopsis during aphid feeding. | a transient rise in cytosolic calcium ion concentration is one of the main signals used by plants in perception of their environment. the role of calcium in the detection of abiotic stress is well documented; however, its role during biotic interactions remains unclear. here, we use a fluorescent calcium biosensor (gcamp3) in combination with the green peach aphid (myzus persicae) as a tool to study arabidopsis thaliana calcium dynamics in vivo and in real time during a live biotic interaction. ... | 2017 | 28559475 |
| identification, transmission and genomic characterization of a new member of the family caulimoviridae causing a flower distortion disease of rudbeckia hirta. | a disease of rudbeckia hirta (black-eyed susan), characterized by severe flower deformation, was observed in minnesota during 2010-2016. a previously undescribed virus species, named rudbeckia flower distortion virus (rufdv, family caulimoviridae, genus unassigned), was determined to be the causal agent of the disease. symptoms induced by rufdv infection resemble those characteristic of phytoplasma-induced diseases, but no phytoplasmas were detected in rufdv-infected r. hirta. the virus, and the ... | 2017 | 28559100 |
| susceptibility of australian myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae) to three recently registered insecticides: spirotetramat, cyantraniliprole, and sulfoxaflor. | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), is a significant agricultural pest that has developed resistance to a large number of insecticides globally. within australia, resistance has previously been confirmed for multiple chemical groups, including pyrethroids, carbamates, organophosphates, and neonicotinoids. in this study, we use leaf-dip and topical bioassays to investigate susceptibility and potential cross-resistance of 12 field-collected populations of australian m. persicae to thre ... | 2017 | 28475682 |
| both heavy metal-amendment of soil and aphid-infestation increase cd and zn concentrations in phloem exudates of a metal-hyperaccumulating plant. | plants that are able to hyperaccumulate heavy metals show increased concentrations of these metals in their leaf tissue. however, little is known about the concentrations of heavy metals and of organic defence metabolites in the phloem sap of these plants in response to either heavy metal-amendment of the soil or biotic challenges such as aphid-infestation. in this study, we investigated the effects of heavy metal-exposure and of aphid-infestation on phloem exudate composition of the metal hyper ... | 2017 | 28437705 |
| effective biological control depends on life history strategies of both parasitoid and its host: evidence from aphidius colemani-myzus persicae system. | mechanisms behind the success and failure of aphid biological control using parasitoids are largely unknown, probably because of the lack of knowledge of life history strategies of the insects involved. here, we measured and compared life history strategies of myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) and its parasitoid aphidius colemani (viereck) (hymenoptera: aphidiidae), providing essential information for evaluation of the potential of a. colemani to control m. persicae. our results sho ... | 2017 | 28334130 |
| rapid transcriptional plasticity of duplicated gene clusters enables a clonally reproducing aphid to colonise diverse plant species. | the prevailing paradigm of host-parasite evolution is that arms races lead to increasing specialisation via genetic adaptation. insect herbivores are no exception and the majority have evolved to colonise a small number of closely related host species. remarkably, the green peach aphid, myzus persicae, colonises plant species across 40 families and single m. persicae clonal lineages can colonise distantly related plants. this remarkable ability makes m. persicae a highly destructive pest of many ... | 2017 | 28190401 |
| evolution of imidacloprid resistance in myzus persicae in greece and susceptibility data for spirotetramat. | myzus persicae s.l. is a major crop pest globally and has evolved resistance to a range of insecticide classes making it increasingly difficult to control in some areas. here we compare bioassay monitoring data for two important compounds, imidacloprid and spirotetramat, on field samples/clones collected in greece. | 2017 | 28139069 |
| an aphid effector targets trafficking protein vps52 in a host-specific manner to promote virulence. | plant- and animal-feeding insects secrete saliva inside their hosts, containing effectors, which may promote nutrient release and suppress immunity. although for plant pathogenic microbes it is well established that effectors target host proteins to modulate host cell processes and promote disease, the host cell targets of herbivorous insects remain elusive. here, we show that the existing plant pathogenic microbe effector paradigm can be extended to herbivorous insects in that effector-target i ... | 2017 | 28100451 |
| self- and conspecific discrimination between unparasitized and parasitized green peach aphid (hemiptera: aphididae), by aphelinus asychis (hymenoptera: aphelinidae). | aphelinus asychis walker (hymenoptera: aphelinidae) is a solitary koinobiont endoparasitoid, which parasitizes the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae). host discrimination is the ability of a parasitoid to distinguish between unparasitized and parasitized hosts, so parasitoids can avoid wasting eggs and time. we determined the influence of host density (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 aphids per experienced parasitoid during a 24-h period) on egg distribution, and tested the ... | 2017 | 28062793 |
| using vital dyes to trace uptake of dsrna by green peach aphid allows effective assessment of target gene knockdown. | rna interference (rnai) is an effective tool to study gene function. for in vitro studies of rnai in insects, microinjection of double-stranded (ds)rna may cause stress. non-persuasive oral delivery of dsrna to trigger rnai is a better mode of delivery for delicate insects such as aphids because it mimics natural feeding. however, when insects feed ad libitum, some individuals may not feed. for accurate measurement of gene knockdown, analysis should only include insects that have ingested dsrna. ... | 2017 | 28054949 |
| discovery of metabolic resistance to neonicotinoids in green peach aphids (myzus persicae) in australia. | myzus persicae is a serious pest that attacks a broad range of agricultural crops. this species has developed chemical resistance to many insecticides globally, and within australia resistance to multiple chemical groups has been identified. resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides has been discovered in several countries, but has not previously been confirmed in australia. we use biomolecular assays and bioassays on field-collected populations to investigate neonicotinoid resistance in m. persi ... | 2017 | 27888606 |
| genetic variability of myzus persicae nicotianae densovirus based on partial ns and vp gene sequences. | we previously described a novel densovirus [myzus persicae nicotianae densovirus (mpndv)] infecting m. persicae nicotianae (hemiptera: aphididae) with 34% prevalence. this single-stranded dna virus has a 5480-nucleotide ambisense genome and belongs to the densovirinae subfamily within the family parvoviridae. in the present study, we estimated the genetic diversity of mpndv using partial nonstructural protein (ns) and capsid protein (vp) gene sequences from 10 locations in china. first, we ident ... | 2016 | 27886347 |
| afit: a bioinformatic tool for measuring aphid fitness and invasiveness. | a careful measure of fitness represents a crucial target in crop pest management and becomes fundamental considering extremely prolific insects. in the present paper, we describe a standardized rearing protocol and a bioinformatics tool to calculate aphid fitness indices and invasiveness starting from life table data. we tested the protocol and the bioinformatic tool using six myzus persicae (sulzer) asexual lineages in order to investigate if karyotype rearrangements and ecotype could influence ... | 2017 | 27871340 |
| artificial tritrophic exposure system for environmental risk analysis on aphidophagous predators. | we evaluated an artificial tritrophic exposure system for use in ecotoxicological evaluations of environmental stressors on aphidophagous predators. it consists of an acrylic tube with a parafilm m sachet containing liquid aphid diet, into which can be added environmental stressors. immature cycloneda sanguinea, harmonia axyridis and chrysoperla externa, and adult h. axyridis were reared on myzus persicae. larval and pupal development and survival of all species and reproductive parameters of h. ... | 2016 | 27627070 |
| transgenic expression of a viral cystatin gene cpbv-cst1 in tobacco confers insect resistance. | a viral gene, cpbv-cst1, was identified from a polydnavirus cotesia plutellae bracovirus (cpbv). its protein product was significantly toxic to lepidopteran insects. this study generated a transgenic tobacco plant expressing cpbv-cst1 expression of transgene cpbv-cst1 was confirmed in t1 generation (second generation after transgenesis) in both mrna and protein levels. young larvae of spodoptera exigua (hübner) suffered high mortalities after feeding on transgenic tobacco. all 10 t1 transgenic t ... | 2016 | 27550161 |
| the physiological consequences of varied heat exposure events in adult myzus persicae: a single prolonged exposure compared to repeated shorter exposures. | the study of environmental stress tolerance in aphids has primarily been at low temperatures. in these cases, and in the rare cases of high temperature tolerance assessments, all exposures had been during a single stress event. in the present study, we examined the physiological consequences of repeated high temperature exposure with recovery periods between these stress events in myzus persicae. we subjected individuals to either a single prolonged three hour heating event, or three one hour he ... | 2016 | 27547583 |
| insecticide resistance monitoring and metabolic mechanism study of the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae), in chongqing, china. | myzus persicae (sulzer) is one of the most important agricultural pests in china, which caused serious losses every year. for resistance monitoring, twelve populations of this pest were collected from tobacco field in chongqing, china, and their sensitivities to 4 insecticides were tested. results showed that only wl (rr=6.51) and fj (rr=6.03) populations have developed minor resistance to imidacloprid, and the others still remained susceptible. one population (nc) has reached a high resistance ... | 2016 | 27521909 |
| assessment of the dominance level of the r81t target resistance to two neonicotinoid insecticides in myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). | myzus persicae (sulzer, 1776), a major crop pest worldwide, displays insecticide resistance to most molecules. the r81t substitution on the β1 subunit of nicotinic receptors of acetylcholine (nachr) confers target site resistance to neonicotinoids and is widespread in aphid populations colonizing peach tree orchards in southern europe. but the impact of this resistance in the field, as well as ways to optimize its management, depends largely on the dominance level of the r81t mutation. in this s ... | 2016 | 27498842 |
| novel (e)-β-farnesene analogues containing 2-nitroiminohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine: synthesis and biological activity evaluation. | in order to discover novel eco-friendly compounds with good activity for aphid control, (e)-β-farnesene (eβf), the main component of the aphid alarm pheromone, was chosen as the lead compound. by introducing a 2-nitroimino-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine moiety (abbreviated nht) to replace the unstable conjugated double bond system of eβf, a series of novel eβf analogues containing the nht moiety were synthesized via the reaction of substituted nht rings with (e)-1-chloro-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-diene. al ... | 2016 | 27347912 |
| reduced abundance of the cyp6cy3-targeting let-7 and mir-100 mirnas accounts for host adaptation of myzus persicae nicotianae. | nicotine is one of the most abundant and toxic secondary plant metabolites in nature and is defined by high toxicity to plant-feeding insects. studies suggest that increased expression of cytochrome p450 (cyp6cy3) and the homologous cyp6cy4 genes in myzus persicae nicotianae is correlated with tolerance to nicotine. indeed, through expression analyses of the cyp6cy3 and cyp6cy4 genes of different m. persicae subspecies, we determined that the mrna levels of these two genes were much higher in m. ... | 2016 | 27318250 |
| rna interference of the nicotine demethylase gene cyp82e4v1 reduces nornicotine content and enhances myzus persicae resistance in nicotiana tabacum l. | the cyp82e4v1 gene was identified to encode nicotine demethylase, which catalyzed the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine. in this study, we constructed cyp82e4v1-rnai vector and genetically transformed tobacco variety k326. the determination results of nicotine and nornicotine content via hplc demonstrated that there was significant increase of nicotine content and reduction of nornicotine content in transgenic plants compared with those in wild-type plants. exogenous application of iaa or ga ... | 2016 | 27314515 |
| trade-off between fitness gain and cost determines profitability of a peach aphid parasitoid. | aphidius colemani (viereck) (hymenoptera: aphidiidae) is commercially produced and utilized for biological control of peach aphid myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae) on greenhouse crops in many countries. to provide knowledge for the evaluation of parasitoid-host interactions and development of effective mass rearing programs, we investigated how and why host age or size affected fitness gain in a. colemani we show that the parasitoid was significantly more likely to encounter larger ... | 2016 | 27289084 |
| age-specific functional response of aphidius matricariae and praon volucre (hymenoptera: braconidae) on myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer), is one of the most important aphid pests on pepper. aphidius matricariae haliday and praon volucre (haliday) are known as biological control agents for aphids in vegetable crops. in this research, age-specific functional responses of these two parasitoids were evaluated on different densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 green peach aphids. type of functional response varied from type ii to type iii for different ages of a. matricariae, but type of f ... | 2016 | 27283177 |
| sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid on feeding behavior and life table parameters of myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae (sulzer) (hemiptera: aphididae), is an agricultural pest that seriously infests many crops worldwide. this study used electrical penetration graphs (epgs) and life table parameters to estimate the sublethal effects of cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid on the feeding behavior and hormesis of m. persicae the sublethal concentrations (lc30) of cyantraniliprole and imidacloprid against adult m. persicae were 4.933 and 0.541 mg l(-1), respectively. the feeding da ... | 2016 | 27247299 |
| the interactions of piperonyl butoxide and analogues with the metabolic enzymes fe4 and cyp6cy3 of the green peach aphid myzus persicae (hemiptera: aphididae). | piperonyl butoxide (pbo) is a well-known insecticide synergist capable of interacting with phase 1 metabolic enzymes, specifically esterases and cytochrome p450s. in this study, structure-activity relationship analyses were used to characterise the interaction of around 30 analogues of pbo with the esterase fe4 and the p450 cyp6cy3 from insecticide-resistant myzus persicae (sulzer), in order to predict the synthesis of more potent inhibitors. | 2017 | 27174317 |
| effects of single and combined heavy metals and their chelators on aphid performance and preferences. | when present at elevated levels in the environment, heavy metals are toxic for most organisms. however, so-called hyperaccumulator plants tolerate heavy metals and use chelators for their internal long-distance transport. thus, phloem-sucking insects may come in contact with the chelated metals. in the present study, the effects of individual and combined heavy metals, zinc (zn) and cadmium (cd), as well as of common chelators, nicotianamine and phytochelatin, were investigated on the performanc ... | 2016 | 27167884 |
| mode of action of triflumezopyrim: a novel mesoionic insecticide which inhibits the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. | triflumezopyrim, a newly commercialized molecule from dupont crop protection, belongs to the novel class of mesoionic insecticides. this study characterizes the biochemical and physiological action of this novel insecticide. using membranes from the aphid, myzus persicae, triflumezopyrim was found to displace (3)h-imidacloprid with a ki value of 43 nm with competitive binding results indicating that triflumezopyrim binds to the orthosteric site of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr). in ... | 2016 | 27130855 |
| limitations in dose-response and surrogate species methodologies for risk assessment of cry toxins on arthropod natural enemies. | dose-response assays and surrogate species are standard methods for risk analysis for environmental chemicals. these assume that individuals within a species have unimodal responses and that a surrogate species can predict responses of other related taxa. we exposed immature individuals of closely related aphidophagous coccinellid predators, cycloneda sanguinea and harmonia axyridis, to cry1ac and cry1f toxins through uniform and constant artificial tritrophic exposure through myzus persicae aph ... | 2016 | 26846212 |
| binding of imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and n-desmethylthiamethoxam to nicotinic receptors of myzus persicae: pharmacological profiling using neonicotinoids, natural agonists and antagonists. | the increasing structural diversity of the neonicotinoid class of insecticides presently used in crop protection calls for a more detailed analysis of their mode of action at their cellular targets, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. | 2016 | 26842010 |
| the use of substituted alkynyl phenoxy derivatives of piperonyl butoxide to control insecticide-resistant pests. | derivatives of piperonyl butoxide with alkynyl side chains were tested in vitro and in vivo against pyrethroid-resistant meligethes aeneus and imidacloprid-resistant myzus persicae. | 2016 | 26800141 |
| characterization and distribution analysis of a densovirus infecting myzus persicae nicotianae (hemiptera: aphididae). | densoviruses (dvs) are a group of viruses that contain a linear single-stranded dna genome between 4–6 kb in length. herein, we report a dv with a 5,480-nt genome, isolated from tobacco aphid (myzus persicae nicotianae blackman), named mpndv. unlike the genome of m. persicae densovirus (mpdv), which possesses five open reading frames (orfs), the genome of mpndv contains four putative orfs—the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) and ns2 from mpndv are 98- and 52-amino acids longer than those of mpdv, r ... | 2016 | 26791818 |
| evaluation of the reference genes for expression analysis using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in the green peach aphid, myzus persicae. | the green peach aphid, myzus persicae sulzer (hemiptera, aphididae), is an important cosmopolitan pest. real time qrt-pcr has been used for target gene expression analysis on m. persicae. using real time qrt-pcr, the expression levels are normalized on the basis of the reliable reference genes. however, to date, the stability of available reference genes has been insufficient. in this study, we evaluated nine candidate reference genes from m. persicae under diverse experimental conditions. the t ... | 2017 | 26749166 |
| molecular modeling of sulfoxaflor and neonicotinoid binding in insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors: impact of the myzus β1 r81t mutation. | sulfoxaflor (isoclast™ active), a new sulfoximine-class insecticide, targets sap-feeding insect pests, including those resistant to neonicotinoids. sulfoxaflor acts on the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nachr) in a distinct manner relative to neonicotinoids. unlike any of the neonicotinoids, sulfoxaflor has four stereoisomers. a homology model of myzus persicae (green peach aphid) based on the ach binding protein from aplysia californica, overlaid with m. persicae nachr sequence (α2 an ... | 2016 | 26732903 |
| sar studies directed toward the pyridine moiety of the sap-feeding insecticide sulfoxaflor (isoclast™ active). | sap-feeding insect pests constitute a major insect pest complex that includes a range of aphids, whiteflies, planthoppers and other insect species. sulfoxaflor (isoclast™ active), a new sulfoximine class insecticide, targets sap-feeding insect pests including those resistant to many other classes of insecticides. a structure activity relationship (sar) investigation of the sulfoximine insecticides revealed the importance of a 3-pyridyl ring and a methyl substituent on the methylene bridge linkin ... | 2016 | 26706115 |
| uptake and bioaccumulation of cry toxins by an aphidophagous predator. | uptake of cry toxins by insect natural enemies has rarely been considered and bioaccumulation has not yet been demonstrated. uptake can be demonstrated by the continued presence of cry toxin after exposure has stopped and gut contents eliminated. bioaccumulation can be demonstrated by showing uptake and that the concentration of cry toxin in the natural enemy exceeds that in its food. we exposed larvae of the aphidophagous predator, harmonia axyridis, to cry1ac and cry1f through uniform and cons ... | 2016 | 26686057 |
| population genetic structure of myzus persicae nicotianae (hemiptera: aphididae) in china by microsatellite analysis. | the tobacco aphid, myzus persicae nicotianae (hemiptera: aphididae), is an important agricultural pest that feeds on host plants and transmits plant viruses in china. to effectively control this pest, we investigated the genetic variation and genetic structure of 54 populations of tobacco aphids collected in china, using five microsatellite loci. an average of 7 alleles with effective number ranging from 1.5 to 6.6 was detected using these five loci, and the average polymorphic information conte ... | 2015 | 26681063 |