| in vitro propagation of chicken anemia virus in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells. | chicken anemia virus; propagation; mononuclear cells; pcr. | 2012 | 22720709 |
| persistence of inclusions and antigens of chicken anemia virus in marek's disease lymphoma. | the pathogenesis of the co-infection of cav to mdv is complicated. in order to investigate the impact of cav on the transformation phase of md, mdv and, subsequently, cav, were inoculated at 1day and 4weeks of age, respectively. chickens were divided into six groups; vvmdv, vvmdv-cav, vmdv, vmdv-cav, cav and a control group. the cav inclusions and antigens were continuously detected in md lymphomas in the vmdv-cav and vvmdv-cav groups in large bizarre-shape (presumably cd4+ t cells) and small md ... | 2012 | 22683388 |
| efficient production of an engineered apoptin from chicken anemia virus in a recombinant e. coli for tumor therapeutic applications. | apoptin, a nonstructural protein encoded by the vp3 gene of chicken anemia virus (cav), has been shown to not only induce apoptosis when introduced into the precursors of chicken thymocytes, but has been found to specifically kill human cancer cells, tumor cell and transformed cells without affecting the proliferation of normal cells. this tumor-specific apoptotic characteristic of the protein potentially may allow the development of a protein drug that has applications in tumor therapy. however ... | 2012 | 22672291 |
| evaluation of the analytical sensitivity of a polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of chicken infectious anemia virus in avian vaccines. | chicken infectious anemia virus (cav) is a ubiquitous pathogen of chickens causing significant disease in commercial flocks worldwide. during cav outbreaks, the center for veterinary biologics requires manufacturers of veterinary biologicals to test materials derived from infected flocks for extraneous cav by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the analytical sensitivity of a pcr assay for detection of cav was determined and the applicability of a cav dna standard as a positive control for assay va ... | 2012 | 22595681 |
| human gyrovirus apoptin shows a similar subcellular distribution pattern and apoptosis induction as the chicken anaemia virus derived vp3/apoptin. | the chicken anaemia virus-derived protein apoptin/vp3 (cav-apoptin) has the important ability to induce tumour-selective apoptosis in a variety of human cancer cells. recently the first human gyrovirus (hgyv) was isolated from a human skin swab. it shows significant structural and organisational resemblance to cav and encodes a homologue of cav-apoptin/vp3. using overlapping primers we constructed a synthetic human gyrovirus apoptin (hgyv-apoptin) fused to green fluorescent protein in order to c ... | 2012 | 22495351 |
| development and characterization of a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against capsid protein vp1 of the chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important viral pathogen that causes anemia and severe immunodeficiency syndrome in chickens worldwide. in this study, a potential diagnostic monoclonal antibody against the cav vp1 protein was developed which can precisely recognize the cav antigen for diagnostic and virus recovery purposes. the vp1 gene of cav encoding the n-terminus-deleted vp1 protein, vp1nd129, was cloned into an escherichia (e.) coli expression vector. after isopropyl-β-d-thiogalactopyronos ... | 2012 | 22437539 |
| a third gyrovirus species in human faeces. | until 2011 the genus gyrovirus in the family circoviridae consisted of a single virus (chicken anemia virus or cav) causing a common immunosuppressive disease in chickens when a second gyrovirus (hgyv) was reported on the skin of 4 % of healthy humans. hgyv is very closely related to a recently described chicken gyrovirus, agv2, suggesting that they belong to the same viral species. during a viral metagenomic analysis of 100 human faeces from children with diarrhoea in chile we identified multip ... | 2012 | 22422066 |
| expression of cav-1 in tumour cells, rather than in stromal tissue, may promote cervical squamous cell carcinoma proliferation, and correlates with high-risk hpv infection. | altered expression of caveolin-1 (cav-1) is observed in various types of cancers. however, little research has been reported regarding the correlation between the expression of cav-1 and cervical cancer. here, we investigated the clinical significance of cav-1 expression using quantum dot (qd)-based immunofluorescence staining in cervical cancer and its correlation with high-risk human papilloma virus (hpv) infection detected by chromogenic in situ hybridization. our results showed that the posi ... | 2012 | 22378247 |
| identification of the nls and nes motifs of vp2 from chicken anemia virus and the interaction of vp2 with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3. | vp2 of chicken anemia virus (cav) is a dual-specificity phosphatase required for virus infection, assembly and replication. the functions of the nuclear localization signal (nls) and nuclear export signal (nes) of vp2 in the cell, however, are poorly understood. our study identified the presence of a nls in vp2 and showed that the protein interacted significantly with mini-chromosome maintenance protein 3 (mcm3) in the cell. | 2012 | 22309683 |
| pathological and immunohistochemical studies of subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus in 4-week-old chickens. | subclinical infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) at 4 to 6 weeks of age, after maternal antibodies have waned, is implicated in several field problems in broiler flocks. in order to understand the pathogenesis of subclinical infection with cav, an immunopathological study of cav-inoculated 4-week-old spf chickens was performed. sixty 4-week-old spf chickens were equally divided into cav and control groups. the cav group was inoculated intramuscularly with the msb1-tk5803 strain of cav. neithe ... | 2012 | 22293470 |
| biological characterization of nigerian chicken anaemia virus isolates. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) dna was extracted from thymus, liver and bone marrow samples obtained from broiler and pullet chicken flocks in southwestern nigeria, which presented with clinical signs and lesions suggestive of both infectious bursal disease and chicken infectious anaemia. while cav was successfully isolated in mdcc-msb1 cells from four of the pooled tissue samples, the remaining two samples failed to grow in cells. monoclonal antibody (mab) characterization using four mabs produced ... | 2010 | 22416640 |
| a survey for selected avian viral pathogens in backyard chicken farms in finland. | backyard poultry are regaining popularity in europe and increased interest in the health and management of non-commercial farms has resulted. furthermore, commercial poultry farm owners have become concerned about the risk represented by contagious avian diseases that nearby backyard poultry could transmit. fifty-one voluntary backyard chicken farms were visited between october 2012 and january 2013. blood samples and individual cloacal swabs were collected from 457 chickens. in 44 farms (86%), ... | 2017 | 27624642 |
| experimental pathological studies of an indian chicken anaemia virus isolate and its detection by pcr and fat. | chicken infectious anaemia virus (ciav) is one of the potent immunosuppressive and economically important agents affecting poultry industry worldwide. recent reports indicate the emergence of this virus in the poultry flocks of the country. the present study aimed to investigate the pathogenic potential of a recent isolate of ciav obtained from poultry flock of uttaranchal state, india. twenty first day-old age specific pathogen free (spf) chicks were inoculated intramuscularly with 10(4.5) medi ... | 2014 | 26035953 |
| therapeutic targeting of liver cancer with a recombinant dna vaccine containing the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase gene of newcastle disease virus via apoptotic-dependent pathways. | a total of ~38.6 million mortalities occur due to liver cancer annually, worldwide. although a variety of therapeutic methods are available, the efficacy of treatment at present is extremely limited due to an increased risk of malignancy and inherently poor prognosis of liver cancer. gene therapy is considered a promising option, and has shown notable potential for the comprehensive therapy of liver cancer, in keeping with advances that have been made in the development of cancer molecular biolo ... | 2016 | 27900002 |
| enhanced tumour cell nuclear targeting in a tumour progression model. | there is an urgent need for new approaches to deliver bioactive molecules to cancer cells efficiently and specifically. | 2015 | 25885577 |
| molecularly modified vp3 (30-121) induces apoptosis in human bladder cancer (ej) cells but not in normal (3t3) cells. | the chicken anaemia virus protein 3 (vp3 or apoptin) induces apoptosis specifically in tumour and transformed cells but not in normal cells. this selective apoptosis is ideal for therapeutic purposes. however, vp3, a heterologous protein, is immunogenic in vivo. such a drawback limits its clinical usage. to diminish its potential immunogenicity, we modified the sequence of vp3. the vp3 genes functional sequence starts at 33 aa (amino acids) from the n-terminal side, and the first protein structu ... | 2012 | 23075302 |
| apoptin induces apoptosis by changing the equilibrium between the stability of tap73 and δnp73 isoforms through ubiquitin ligase pir2. | apoptin, a protein derived from the chicken anaemia virus, induces cell death in various cancer cells but shows little or no cytotoxicity in normal cells. the mechanism of apoptin-induced cell death is currently unknown but it appears to induce apoptosis independent of p53 status. here we show that p73, a p53 family member, is important in apoptin-induced apoptosis. in p53 deficient and/or mutated cells, apoptin induced the expression of tap73 leading to the induction of apoptosis. knockdown of ... | 2012 | 22484480 |
| viruses with circular single-stranded dna genomes are everywhere! | circular single-stranded dna viruses infect archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotic organisms. the relatively recent emergence of single-stranded dna viruses, such as chicken anemia virus (cav) and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), as serious pathogens of eukaryotes is due more to growing awareness than to the appearance of new pathogens or alteration of existing pathogens. in the case of the ubiquitous human circular single-stranded dna virus family anelloviridae, there is still no convincing direct causa ... | 2017 | 28715975 |
| molecular characterization of pigeon torque teno virus (pttv) in jiangsu province. | the torque teno virus (ttv) is a recently discovered dna virus that has been detected in many different hosts, including humans, livestock and poultry. to date, there is no report of pigeon ttv (pttv) from anywhere in the world. to investigate the distribution of pttv in pigeons from the eastern chinese province of jiangsu and characterize their genomes, we employed pcr to detect pttv in 144 samples collected from 6 pigeon plants in jiangsu province, amplify complete genomes from representative ... | 2017 | 28527409 |
| a novel cav derived cell-penetrating peptide efficiently delivers exogenous molecules through caveolae-mediated endocytosis. | cell-penetrating peptide (cpp) is a promising cargo for delivering bioactive molecules. in this study, the n terminus of vp1 from chicken anemia virus, designated as cvp1, was found to carry enriched arginine residues with α-helix. by confocal imaging, flow cytometry and mtt assay, we identified cvp1 as a novel, safe and efficient cpp. cvp1-fitc peptide could entry different types of cells tested with dose dependence, but without cytotoxic effects. compared with tat-fitc peptide, the cvp1-fitc p ... | 2018 | 29439726 |
| monitoring the uptake of live avian vaccines by their detection in feathers. | protection against diseases caused by the avian viruses, marek's disease, infectious laryngotracheitis, chicken anemia and turkey meningoencephalitis is achieved by live vaccines. the application quality is important to assure proper uptake in commercial flocks. we describe a novel evaluation method for the vaccination process by sequential monitoring the vaccine viruses in feathers. feather collection is easy, non-invasive and non-lethal for the birds, therefore advantageous for monitoring purp ... | 2018 | 29287680 |
| identification of the interaction and interaction domains of chicken anemia virus vp2 and vp3 proteins. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is a small, single-stranded dna virus of anelloviridae family. its genome segments encode three proteins, vp1, vp2, and vp3. this study identified an interaction between vp2 and vp3 and mapped the interaction domains. through the yeast two-hybrid (y2h) system, vp2 was found to interact with vp3. the presence of the vp2-vp3 complex in cav-infected chicken cells was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. confocal microscopy showed that vp2 and vp3 were expressed in the cyt ... | 2018 | 29100148 |
| vp2 of chicken anaemia virus interacts with apoptin for down-regulation of apoptosis through de-phosphorylated threonine 108 on apoptin. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an important contagious agent that causes immunosuppressive disease in chickens. cav apoptin is a nucleoplasmic shuffling protein that induces apoptosis in chicken lymphoblastoid cells. in the present study, confocal microscopy revealed co-localisation of expressed cav non-structural protein vp2 with apoptin in the nucleus of mdcc-msb1 cells and the nucleoplasmic compartment of cho-k1 cells. in vitro pull-down and ex vivo biomolecular fluorescent complementation (b ... | 2017 | 29093508 |
| depression of vaccinal immunity to marek's disease by infection with chicken infectious anemia virus. | marek's disease (md) has been occurring with increasing frequency in chickens in recent years. to our knowledge, however, there has been no report of the very virulent plus (vv+) md virus (mdv) field isolate in china. studies have shown that dual infection with immunosuppressive viruses such as chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) occurs frequently in chickens developing md. in this study, we performed a designed set ofin vivoexperiments, which comprised five different groups of chickens, incl ... | 2017 | 29018431 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of four immunosuppressive viruses in chicken. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) methods to detect chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and marek's disease virus (mdv), and a reverse transcription (rt)-lamp assay to detect infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), were developed. the ciav-lamp, rev-lamp, mdv-lamp, and ibdv-rt-lamp methods were performed using four sets of six primers targeting the vp1 gene of ciav, the gp90 gene of rev, the meq gene of mdv, and the vp2 gene of ibdv. the results ... | 2018 | 29476761 |
| chicken anaemia virus evades host immune responses in transformed lymphocytes. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a lymphotropic virus that causes anaemia and immunosuppression in chickens. previously, we proposed that cav evades host antiviral responses in vivo by disrupting t-cell signalling, but the precise cellular targets and modes of action remain elusive. in this study, we examined gene expression in marek's disease virus-transformed chicken t-cell line msb-1 after infection with cav using both a custom 5k immune-focused microarray and quantitative real-time pcr at 24, ... | 2018 | 29458670 |
| co-infection of fowl adenovirus with different immunosuppressive viruses in a chicken flock. | in poultry, fowl adenovirus (fadv) and immunosuppressive virus co-infection is likely to cause decreased egg production, inclusion body hepatitis, and pericardial effusion syndrome. in this study, fowl adenovirus infection was found in parental and descendent generations of chickens. we used quantitative polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and dot blot hybridization to detect the infection of reticuloendotheliosis (rev), avian leukosis virus (alv), and chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) in 480 p ... | 2018 | 29509913 |
| a simple and rapid diagnostic method to detect new goose astrovirus using reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | in this study, we develop a reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay for rapid and easy detection of goose astroviruses (gastvs) in clinical samples. the specific lamp primer sets were designed targeting the orf2 gene of gastv. the conditions of lamp amplification were optimized in terms of reaction time and temperature. the optimal conditions are 60 min in a 60 °c water bath. no cross-reactivity was noted with fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4), duck tembusu ... | 2020 | 31879584 |
| faecal virome analysis of wild animals from brazil. | the brazilian cerrado fauna shows very wide diversity and can be a potential viral reservoir. therefore, the animal's susceptibility to some virus can serve as early warning signs of potential human virus diseases. moreover, the wild animal virome of this biome is unknown. based on this scenario, high-throughput sequencing contributes a robust tool for the identification of known and unknown virus species in this environment. in the present study, faeces samples from cerrado birds (psittacara le ... | 2019 | 31480274 |
| genomic characterization of diverse gyroviruses identified in the feces of domestic cats. | gyroviruses (gyvs) are small, single-stranded, circular dna viruses in the genus gyrovirus, which consists of the chicken anemia virus (cav) prototype and nine other viral species. these different gyv species have been reported in chickens, humans, mice, and companion animals. to date, cav has been identified in the feces of domestic cats, while the circulation of other gyv species in cats is currently unknown. in the present study, 197 fecal samples were collected from pet cats in northeast chi ... | 2019 | 31527770 |
| identification of a novel cell-penetrating peptide derived from the capsid protein of chicken anemia virus and its application in gene delivery. | cell membranes are a great obstacle for entrance of gene therapeutic agents. cell-penetrating peptides (cpps) have been proven as a promising gene delivery tool. however, the early tat peptide derived from the hiv transcription activator protein has been proven that the sequence contains furin protease cleaved motifs which limited the tat application in delivery of exogenous active molecules. in the present study, through the bioinformatics and experimental approach, we have identified a novel c ... | 2020 | 33141296 |
| novel cyclovirus identified in broiler chickens with transmissible viral proventriculitis in china. | in october 2018, an outbreak of transmissible viral proventriculitis (tvp) occurred in 30-day-old commercial broiler chickens on a farm in weifang, china. tvp, an infectious viral disease characterized by runting and stunting, is associated with many viruses, and has a significant economic impact on the global poultry industry. tvp is diagnosed according to clinical symptoms, gross and histological lesions, and negative pcr results for pathogenic bacteria, avian leukosis virus subgroup j, marek' ... | 2020 | 33134354 |
| establishment of an in vitro model of persistent chicken anemia virus infection. | persistent infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) in chickens has been suspected to result in immunosuppression and exogenous virus contamination within vaccine production. however, no direct evidence for persistent cav infection has thus far been obtained. in this study, we aimed to establish an in vitro model of persistent cav infection. cav-infected mdcc-msb1 (msb1) cells, a marek's disease virus-transformed continuous cell line, were cultured in the presence of both cav and cav neutralizing ... | 2020 | 33076262 |
| antiproliferative effects of recombinant apoptin on lung and breast cancer cell lines. | selective therapy has always been the main challenge in cancer treatments. various non-replicative oncolytic viral systems have revealed the safety and efficacy of using viruses and these products. the aim of this paper is to examine the impact of recombinant apoptin on the proliferation of lung cancer and breast cancer cell lines. | 2020 | 32979905 |
| development and application of an mrt-qpcr assay for detecting coinfection of six vertically transmitted or immunosuppressive avian viruses. | marek's disease virus (mdv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), avian reovirus (arv), chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), and fowl adenovirus (fadv) are important causes of disease in poultry. to investigate the infection status of the above six viruses in chickens in china, 1,187 samples from chicken flocks were collected and tested using a newly developed multiplex reverse-transcription quantitative real-time pcr (mrt-qpcr) assay in the study. a seri ... | 2020 | 32765453 |
| generation of a soluble and stable apoptin-egf fusion protein, a targeted viral protein applicable for tumor therapy. | a promising candidate for tumor targeted toxins is the chicken anemia-derived protein apoptin that induces tumor-specific apoptosis. it was aimed to design a novel apoptin-based targeted toxin by genetic fusion of apoptin with the tumor-directed ligand epidermal growth factor (egf) using escherichia coli as expression host. however, apoptin is highly hydrophobic and tends to form insoluble aggregates. therefore, three different apoptin-egf variants were generated. the fusion protein hexa-histidi ... | 2020 | 32681952 |
| correction for kucharski et al., "activation of the chicken anemia virus apoptin protein by chk1/2 phosphorylation is required for apoptotic activity and efficient viral replication". | | 2020 | 32546609 |
| effective production of recombinant δ60vp1 chicken anemia virus protein in escherichia coli and its application to a serodiagnostic indirect elisa. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in chickens. vp1 is the main capsid protein, and is suitable for diagnostic kit development, however, it has 24 arginine residues in the first forty n-terminal amino acids of the protein causing toxicity to bacteria leading to reduced prokaryotic expression. in this study, a 60 amino acid n-terminally truncated vp1 (δ60vp1) which removes the toxic region was expressed in escherichia coli and the resultant insoluble recombinant ... | 2020 | 32445874 |
| prevalence of poultry red mite (dermanyssus gallinae) in korean layer farms and the presence of avian pathogens in the mite. | the poultry red mite, dermanyssus gallinae, is a blood-feeding parasite of layer hens and a potential vector of several avian infectious agents. high infestation with d. gallinae in layer farm buildings could result in economic losses, and the mites may act as a reservoir of avian pathogens within farms. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of d. gallinae in layer farm buildings in korea and to investigate avian pathogens in the collected mites. the mite samples were collected from 36 korea ... | 2020 | 32435982 |
| research note: molecular and pathologic characterization of avian adenovirus isolated from the oviducts of laying hens in eastern japan. | cases of poor egg production were investigated in 2 layer farms from ibaraki prefecture in eastern japan. to identify any microbial agents that may have caused the problem, necropsy, bacterial isolation, histopathology, and virus detection were performed. members of the avian adenoviruses was detected by pcr in oviduct samples from both farms; chicken anemia virus coinfection was also confirmed in one of the farms. avian adenovirus was isolated from the oviducts of the affected chickens on each ... | 2020 | 32359581 |
| epidemiology, molecular characterization, and recombination analysis of chicken anemia virus in guangdong province, china. | chicken anemia virus (cav) causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in young chickens and a compromised immune response in older birds, resulting in great economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. here, we report the molecular epidemiology and characterization of cav circulating in poultry in guangdong province, china. ninety-one of 277 chickens collected from 2016 to 2017 were cav positive. full-genome sequencing revealed the presence of eight separate strains. phylogenetic analysis ... | 2020 | 32318833 |
| the role of apoptin in chicken anemia virus replication. | apoptin is the vp3 protein of chicken anemia virus (cav), which infects the thymocytes and erythroblasts in young chickens, causing chicken infectious anemia and immunosuppression. apoptin is highly studied for its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in human tumor cells and, thus, is a protein of interest in anti-tumor therapy. cav apoptin is known to localize to different subcellular compartments in transformed and non-transformed cells, depending on the dna damage response, and the phosph ... | 2020 | 32316372 |
| the diseases suspected of the involvement of chicken anemia virus infection in 11 to 14-weeks old replacement pullets from eastern japan: a case report. | three strains of chicken anemia virus (cav) were detected in 11 to 14-weeks old chickens, showing depression, wasting, and increased mortality, from three farms in eastern japan. another strain was detected in 12-weeks old chickens from one farm without clinical signs. bacterial infections were suggested in three farms with clinical signs and its involvement in the occurrence of the diseases might be suspected. sequence analysis of the vp1, vp2, and vp3 genes of four cav strains revealed that th ... | 2020 | 32238623 |
| pathological and virological analysis of concurrent disease of chicken anemia virus infection and infectious bronchitis in japanese native chicks. | a concurrent infection of chicken anemia virus (cav) and infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) was detected in japanese native chicks in 2017, in which a high mortality rate (97.7%) was recorded in a small flock of 130 chicks exhibiting poor growth. histological examination revealed that the affected chicks exhibited two different pathological entities: one was severe hematopoietic and lymphocytic depletion with abnormally large cells containing intranuclear inclusion bodies of cav, whereas the othe ... | 2020 | 32074517 |
| preparation of chicken anemia virus (cav) virus-like particles and chicken interleukin-12 for vaccine development using a baculovirus expression system. | chicken infectious anemia (cia) is a poultry disease that causes huge economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. commercially available cia vaccines are derived from wild-type chicken anemia viruses (cavs) by serial passage in cells or chicken embryos. however, these vaccinal viruses are not completely attenuated; therefore, they can be transmitted vertically and horizontally, and may induce clinical symptoms in young birds. in this study, we sought to eliminate these issues by developin ... | 2019 | 31771230 |
| genetic analysis of avian gyrovirus 2 variant-related gyrovirus detected in farmed king ratsnake (elaphe carinata): the first report from china. | avian gyrovirus 2 (agv2), which is similar to chicken infectious anemia virus, is a new member of the genus gyrovirus. agv2 has been detected not only in chicken but also in human tissues and feces. this study analyzed 91 samples (8 from liver tissue and 83 from fecal samples) collected from king ratsnakes (elaphe carinata) from 7 separate farms in hubei and henan, china, for agv2 dna using pcr. the results demonstrated a low positive rate of agv2 (6.59%, 6/91) in the snakes, and all the positiv ... | 2019 | 31614719 |
| rapid and sensitive real-time recombinase polymerase amplification for detection of marek's disease virus. | marek's disease (md) is one of the most devastating diseases of poultry. it's caused by the highly infectious alphaherpesvirus md virus serotype 1 (mdv-1). in this study, a rapid and easy-to-use assay based on recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) was developed for mdv detection. primer-probe sets targeting the highly conserved region of meq gene were designed and applied to the rpa assay. the assay was carried out on a real-time thermostatic fluorescence detector at 39 °c for 20 min. as re ... | 2019 | 31580913 |
| high prevalence of norovirus gii.p16/gii.2 and chicken anemia virus in two acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in huzhou, china. | acute gastroenteritis (age) is one of the most frequently occuring illnesses in children and adults worldwide. in february 2017, two age outbreaks occurred in two adjacent schools in huzhou city, zhenjiang province of china. we detected high percentages of recombinant norovirus gii.p16/gii.2 in one school and chicken anemia virus (cav) in another school using next generation sequencing (ngs) and specific pcr. the results highlight the importance of continuous surveillance of gii.p16/gii.2, and s ... | 2019 | 31507200 |
| oral inoculation of specific-pathogen-free chickens with chicken anemia virus induces dose-dependent viremia and transient anemia. | chicken infectious anemia caused by chicken anemia virus (cav) is a very important immunosuppressive disease in chickens. the horizontal spread of cav in field chickens has been confirmed mainly through oral infection in our published article. anemia is the main symptom of this disease. studies by other scientists have shown that infection of cav in 1-day-old chicks can cause anemia, and the degree of anemia is directly proportional to the dose of infectious virus. however, the pathogenesis of o ... | 2019 | 31500305 |
| chicken anemia virus in northern vietnam: molecular characterization reveals multiple genotypes and evidence of recombination. | chicken anemia virus (cav) has a ubiquitous and worldwide distribution in the chicken production industry. our group previously reported a high seroprevalence of cav in chickens from northern vietnam. in the present study, tissue samples collected from a total of 330 broiler and breeder commercial chickens in eleven provinces of northern vietnam were tested for cav infection. all samples were collected from clinically suspected flocks and diseased birds. the cav genome was detected in 157 out of ... | 2019 | 31290064 |
| a new strategy for the detection of chicken infectious anemia virus contamination in attenuated live vaccine by droplet digital pcr. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) causes the atrophy of bone marrow hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues in chicks, leading to huge economic losses all over the world. the using of attenuated vaccine contaminated with ciav increased the mortality and the pathogenicity of other diseases in many farms. however, it is difficult to detect the ciav contamination by general detection technology due to the extremely low dose of ciav in vaccines. in this study, we established a new method called drop ... | 2019 | 31223613 |
| cross-species transmission of poultry pathogens in backyard farms: ducks as carriers of chicken viruses. | in backyard farms of lao people's democratic republic, mixed-species rearing of poultry is a breeding-ground for cross-species transmission. here, the epidemiology of viruses circulating among backyard poultry in vientiane province was assessed to guide future control strategies. oral/tracheal and cloacal swabs, collected from 605 poultry (308 ducks, 297 chickens) between 2011 and 2015, were screened by pcr for newcastle disease virus (ndv), coronavirus (cov) and chicken anaemia virus (cav). chi ... | 2019 | 31199168 |
| prevalence of fowl adenovirus serotype 4 and co-infection by immunosuppressive viruses in fowl with hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome in shandong province, china. | fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (fadv-4) is the pathogenic agent of hydropericardium hepatitis syndrome (hhs) in chickens and ducks, which has caused huge economic losses for the chinese poultry industry since 2015. in order to objectively determine the prevalence and co-infection status of the virus in shandong province in china, we analyzed a total of 679 clinical cases of chickens and ducks from 36 farms in the province. the results showed that the fadv-4 infection rate was 65.2% (443/679), and th ... | 2019 | 31195615 |
| persistent infection with chicken anemia virus in 3-week-old chickens induced by inoculation of the virus by the natural route. | naturally acquired chicken anemia virus (cav) infection in chickens frequently occurs from 3 weeks of age onward after maternally derived antibodies have decayed. the oral inoculation of older chickens with cav was reported to have negative effects on cell-mediated immune function, and pathological changes were identified. to date, there has been no complete illustration of an immunological and persistent infection. to understand the pathogenesis of persistent cav infection, an immunological stu ... | 2019 | 31013755 |
| identification of nuclear localization signal and nuclear export signal of vp1 from the chicken anemia virus and effects on vp2 shuttling in cells. | vp1 of the chicken anemia virus (cav) is a structural protein that is required for virus encapsulation. vp1 proteins are present both in the nucleus and cytoplasm; however, the functional nuclear localization signal (nls) and nuclear export signal (nes) of vp1 are still unknown. this study aimed to characterize the nls and nes motifs of vp1 using bioinformatics methods and multiple-site fragment deletions, and investigate shuttling of vp2 from nucleus to cytoplasm by co-transfection with vp1. | 2019 | 30953524 |
| tissue tropism of chicken anaemia virus in naturally infected broiler chickens. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) causes chicken infectious anaemia, a severe disease characterized by anaemia and immunosuppression and leading to serious economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. although cav infection has been investigated under experimental conditions, information regarding natural infection is scarce. this report describes an outbreak of cav infection in 18-day-old broiler chickens and investigates virus tropism in affected birds. thymic atrophy, pale bone marrow, swelli ... | 2019 | 30898295 |
| chicken anemia virus: a deadly pathogen of poultry. | chicken infectious anemia (cia) is an immunosuppressive disease that causes great economic loss in poultry industry globally. this disease is caused by chicken anemia virus (cav), an icosahedral and single-stranded dna virus that is transmitted both vertically and horizontally. cav, which belongs to the genus gyrovirus has been reported in human, mouse and dog feces. rapid identification of different strains of gyrovirus with high similarity to cav has heightened public concern on this virus. cl ... | 2019 | 30879309 |
| chicken anaemia virus enhances and prolongs subsequent avian influenza (h9n2) and infectious bronchitis viral infections. | immunosuppressive viral diseases have a great economic importance in the poultry industry due to the increased susceptibility to secondary infections. chicken anaemia virus (cav) is one of the major immunosuppressive diseases in chickens. in addition, low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) of subtype h9n2 and infectious bronchitis (ib) viruses are among the most frequently reported respiratory viral diseases in poultry worldwide. in the present study, specific pathogen free chickens were used to ... | 2019 | 30827377 |
| analysis of codon usage pattern in the viral proteins of chicken anaemia virus and its possible biological relevance. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is an important poultry pathogen. cav infection can lead to severe immunosuppression and mortality in birds. the viral proteins (vp1, vp2 and vp3) are major protective immunogens that determine the pathotype of cav strains. the factors influencing the synonymous codon usage bias and the nucleotide composition of the viral protein genes of cav have not been studied. in the present study, we have analysed the synonymous codon usage pattern in vp1, vp2 and vp3 genes of c ... | 2019 | 30665022 |
| molecular epidemiology of chicken anaemia virus in sick chickens in china from 2014 to 2015. | chicken anaemia virus (cav), a member of the genus gyrovirus, is the etiological agent of chicken infectious anaemia. cav infects bone marrow-derived cells, resulting in severe anaemia and immunosuppression in young chickens and a compromised immune response in older birds. we investigated the molecular epidemiology of cav in sick chickens in china from 2014 to 2015 and showed that the cav-positive rate was 13.30%, in which mixed infection (55.56%) was the main type of infection. we isolated and ... | 2019 | 30657774 |
| molecular detection and characterization of fowl adenovirus associated with inclusion body hepatitis from broiler chickens in egypt. | a case-control study was performed to assess prescence of inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) caused by fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) at kafr el-shiekh governorate, egypt, during spring, 2017. the case group consisted of 100 liver and spleen samples collected from 10 broiler chickens flocks (10 samples from each flock) suspected to be infected with ibh depending on clinical manefestations and necropsy examination. controls were randamly selected from chickens without clinical sings or evidence of the dis ... | 2019 | 30612291 |
| synergetic pathogenicity of newcastle disease vaccines lasota strain and contaminated chicken infectious anemia virus. | newcastle disease virus (ndv)-attenuated vaccine has been widely used to prevent nd in poultry flocks, while many reports also mentioned the exogenous virus contamination in attenuated vaccines, which might be the reason for the widespread of some contagious diseases. recently, the chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) contamination in the ndv-attenuated vaccine was also found in china, though no systemic study has studied the pathogenicity or infection mechanism of this special transmission ro ... | 2019 | 30566627 |
| development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of chicken anemia virus. | chicken anemia virus (cav) infection has been reported in various poultry industries worldwide. since cav infection is becoming increasingly prevalent, especially in local chickens of china, rapid cav detection has become essential. the conventional diagnostic methods are time consuming and need special expertise. therefore, in this study, we developed a specific and sensitive loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for cav detection by using multiple sequence alignment of vp2. this ... | 2019 | 30544152 |
| development of real-time pcr assays for single and simultaneous detection of infectious bursal disease virus and chicken anemia virus. | infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) and chicken anemia virus (cav) cause relevant immunosuppressive diseases in poultry. clinical diagnosis of these viruses is challenging given the different disease presentations and the frequent occurrence of co-infections with other pathogens. here, we standardized and validated simplex and duplex rt-qpcr assays for the straightforward detection of ibdv and cav. the qpcr assays are based on primers and hydrolysis probes that target highly conserved regions ... | 2019 | 30447279 |
| a multiplex xtag assay for the simultaneous detection of five chicken immunosuppressive viruses. | chicken anemia virus (cav), avian reovirus (arv), infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) all cause immunosuppressive disease in birds through vertical or horizontal transmission. mixed infections with these immunosuppressive pathogens lead to atypical clinical signs and obstruct accurate diagnoses and epidemiological investigations. therefore, it is essential to develop a high-throughput assay for the simultaneous detection of th ... | 2018 | 30442149 |
| efficacy of cpg-odn and freund's immune adjuvants on antibody responses induced by chicken infectious anemia virus vp1, vp2, and vp3 subunit proteins. | chicken infectious anemia virus is an important pathogen that causes severe anemia and immunosuppression in chickens, leading to serious economic losses worldwide in the poultry industry. however, no commercialized inactivated vaccine, subunit vaccine, or genetically engineered vaccine that is effective for controlling this virus is available. in this study, 3 recombinant plasmids were constructed to produce corresponding viral proteins in an escherichia coli system. the immune effects of the su ... | 2019 | 30376069 |
| chicken infectious anemia virus helps fowl adenovirus break the protection of maternal antibody and cause inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in layers after using co-contaminated newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine. | inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) caused by fowl adenovirus type 4 (fadv-4) has caused huge economic losses for china in the past five years. at present, this disease is controlled in many flocks with the inactivated fadv vaccine, but the offspring chicks of a layer breeding flock that were vaccinated with this vaccine still became infected and developed ibh-hps with a 20% mortality rate. analysis revealed that the ndv-attenuated vaccine in use from the above-mentioned ... | 2019 | 30358862 |
| virus-induced immunosuppression in chickens. | a healthy immune system is a cornerstone for poultry production. any factor diminishing the immune responses will affect production parameters and increase cost. there are numerous factors, infectious and noninfectious, causing immunosuppression (is) in chickens. this paper reviews the three viral diseases that most commonly induce is or subclinical is in chickens: marek's disease virus (mdv), chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav), and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv), as well as the inte ... | 2018 | 30339511 |
| novel protein chip for the detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus. | infectious bronchitis (ib) caused by the ib virus (ibv) can cause acute damage to chickens around the world. therefore, rapid diagnosis and immune status determination are critical for controlling ibv outbreaks. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) have been widely used in the detection of ibv antibodies in the early infection and continuous infection of ib because they are more sensitive and quicker than other diagnostic methods. | 2018 | 30223836 |
| full genome sequences of chicken anemia virus demonstrate mutations associated with pathogenicity in two different field isolates in egypt. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is an important pathogen associated with immunosuppression in chicken. in this study, out of samples collected from 115 commercial poultry farms, 12 samples were cav positive by pcr. partial sequence and phylogenetic analysis of vp1 gene revealed that the detected viruses were clustered to genotype i (n = 3) and genotype ii (n = 9). motifs of both low (e144) and high pathogenic strains (t89, i125, q141) were found in the three viruses of genotype i. whereas genotype ii ... | 2018 | 30159368 |
| marek's disease virus oncoprotein meq physically interacts with the chicken infectious anemia virus-encoded apoptotic protein apoptin. | marek's disease (md) is a neoplastic disease of poultry caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly contagious alphaherpesvirus. meq, the major mdv oncoprotein, induces neoplastic transformation of t-cells through several mechanisms, including inhibition of apoptosis. in contrast, the chicken anemia virus (cav)-encoded protein apoptin (vp3) is a powerful inducer of apoptosis of tumor cells, a property that is exploited for anticancer therapeutics. although the molecular mechanisms of selecti ... | 2018 | 29988968 |
| detection and characterization of circovirus in canary flocks. | circovirus infections have been documented in adult and nestling canaries (fringillidae) but the distribution of the virus in the world is not yet known. in captive canary flocks, circovirus infections have been reported based on the clinical observations. in this study, the presence of both canary circovirus (cacv) and chicken anemia virus (cav) in canary flocks was investigated. virus strains were detected by pcr and direct sequencing of amplified products. nucleotide sequences were aligned an ... | 2018 | 29944404 |
| severe neurologic disease and chick mortality in crested screamers (chauna torquata) infected with a novel gyrovirus. | gyroviruses are small, single stranded dna viruses in the family anelloviridae. in chickens, the type virus (chicken anemia virus; cav) causes epidemic disease in poultry flocks worldwide. in 2007 and 2008, young crested screamers (chauna torquata) at a zoo in wisconsin, usa, died of neurologic disease with clinical and pathological features resembling cav infection. conventional diagnostics were negative, but molecular analyses revealed coinfection of an affected bird with three variants of a n ... | 2018 | 29852412 |
| characterization of full genome sequences of chicken anemia viruses circulating in egypt reveals distinct genetic diversity and evidence of recombination. | chicken anemia virus (cav) is one of the commercially important diseases of poultry worldwide. in egypt, cav has been reported to be a potential threat to the commercial poultry sectors. hence, this study was aimed at isolation and full genomic analysis of cavs circulating in chicken populations in different geographical location in egypt. a total of 42 samples were collected from broiler chicken flocks in 9 governorates in egypt from 12 to 42 days of age. the mortality rate observed among chick ... | 2018 | 29751020 |
| characterization of the dna binding activity of structural protein vp1 from chicken anaemia virus. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is commonly found in poultry. vp1 is the sole structural protein of cav, which is the major component responsible for capsid assembly. the cav virion consists of the vp1 protein and a viral genome. however, there is currently no information on the protein-nucleic acid interactions between vp1 and dna molecules. | 2018 | 29728113 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of chicken anaemia virus from commercial and native chickens in taiwan. | chicken infectious anaemia (cia) is a disease with a highly economic impact in the poultry industry. the infected chickens are characterized by aplastic anaemia and extreme immunosuppression, followed by the increased susceptibility to secondary infectious pathogens and suboptimal immune responses for vaccination. commercially available cia vaccines are routinely used in the breeders in taiwan to protect their progeny with maternal-derived antibodies. however, cia cases still occur in the field ... | 2018 | 29691993 |
| newcastle disease virus-attenuated vaccine co-contaminated with fowl adenovirus and chicken infectious anemia virus results in inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome in poultry. | inclusion body hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (ibh-hps) induced by fowl adenovirus type 4 (fadv-4) has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry of china, but the source of infection for different flocks, especially flocks with high biological safety conditions, has remained unclear. this study tested the pathogenicity of newcastle disease virus (ndv)-attenuated vaccine from a large-scale poultry farm in china where ibh-hps had appeared with high mortality. analysis revealed that ... | 2018 | 29685221 |
| molecular survey of respiratory and immunosuppressive pathogens associated with low pathogenic avian influenza h9n2 subtype and virulent newcastle disease viruses in commercial chicken flocks. | the study was carried out in 48 poultry flocks to elucidate the roles of various complicating pathogens involved along with newcastle disease (nd)/ low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) outbreaks. necropsy was conducted and samples were collected for the isolation of newcastle disease virus (ndv), influenza a virus, infectious bronchitis virus (ibv), pathogenic bacteria; molecular detection of infectious laryngotracheitis virus (iltv), fowl adeno virus (fav), chicken anaemia virus (cav), mycopla ... | 2017 | 32908424 |
| taxonomic updates for the genus gyrovirus (family anelloviridae): recognition of several new members and establishment of species demarcation criteria. | the genus gyrovirus was assigned to the family anelloviridae in 2017 with only one recognized species, chicken anemia virus. over the last decade, many diverse viruses related to chicken anemia virus have been identified but not classified. here, we provide a framework for the classification of new species in the genus gyrovirus and communicate the establishment of nine new species. we adopted the 'genus + freeform epithet' binomial system for the naming of these species. | 2021 | 34347169 |
| effects of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination against mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens. | immunosuppression can increase the susceptibility of chickens to other disease-causing pathogens and interfere with the efficacy of vaccination against those pathogens. chicken anaemia virus (cav) and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) are common causes of immunosuppression in chickens. immunosuppression was induced by experimental infection with either cav or ibdv to assess the effect of immunosuppression on the efficacy of vaccination with mycoplasma gallisepticum strain ts-304 against inf ... | 2021 | 34315003 |
| relevance of antibodies against the chicken anaemia virus. | chicken infectious anaemia (cia) virus (cav) inhibits the function of multiple immune compartments. mortality due to clinical infection is controlled in broilers by passive immunization derived from vaccinated breeders. therefore, serological tests are often used in chicks to determine maternally-derived antibodies (mda). we used a vaccine overdose-induced model of cia. the model replicated the most common features of the disease. this model was used to determine the role of mda in the protectio ... | 2021 | 33971216 |
| origin, spreading and genetic variability of chicken anaemia virus. | chicken anaemia virus (cav) is a widespread pathogen that causes immunosuppression in chickens. the virus-induced immunosuppression often results in secondary infections and a sub-optimal response to vaccinations, leading to high mortality rates and significant economic losses in the poultry industry. the small circular ssdna genome (2.3 kb) has three partially overlapping genes: vp1, vp2 and vp3. vp1 capsid protein is highly variable and contains the neutralizing epitopes. here, we analysed cav ... | 2021 | 33928817 |
| an unusual case of haemorrhagic bursa in a pullet flock associated with a genogroup 2 infectious bursal disease virus. | an unusual case of infectious bursal disease (ibd) was observed in eight-week-old commercial caged pullets. this flock (house 1) exhibited a one-day spike in mortality. on gross necropsy examination, enlarged, diffusely haemorrhagic bursas were observed. this lesion has been frequently described in cases of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvibdv). a five-week-old caged pullet flock (house 2) in an adjacent building did not display haemorrhagic bursa lesions. microscopic examinatio ... | 2021 | 33823706 |
| genetic heterogeneity among chicken infectious anemia viruses detected in italian fowl. | chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) is a pathogen of chickens associated with immunosuppression and with a disease named chicken infectious anemia. the present survey reports an epidemiological study on ciav distribution in italian broiler, broiler breeder and backyard chicken flocks. twenty-five strains were detected by a specifically developed nested pcr protocol, and molecularly characterized by partial vp1 gene or complete genome sequencing. viral dna amplification was successfully obtain ... | 2021 | 33801597 |
| apoptosis triggered by orf3 proteins of the circoviridae family. | apoptosis, a form of the programmed cell death, is an indispensable defense mechanism regulating cellular homeostasis and is triggered by multiple stimuli. because of the regulation of apoptosis in cellular homeostasis, viral proteins with apoptotic activity are particular foci of on antitumor therapy. one representative viral protein is the open reading frame 3 (orf3) protein, also named as apoptin in the circoviridae chicken anemia virus (cav), and has the ability to induce tumor-specific apop ... | 2021 | 33604306 |
| a primary occurrence of inclusion body hepatitis in absence of predisposing agents in commercial broilers in iran: a case report. | fowl adenoviruses (fadvs) associated with certain clinical diseases including inclusion body hepatitis (ibh) have become of considerable importance in the poultry industry. currently, an increasing number of ibh outbreaks in different parts of iranian poultry industries is a growing concern. infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) or chicken infectious anemia virus (ciav) have historically been incriminated as predisposing factors for fadvs to cause ibh. furthermore, some have speculated whether ... | 2020 | 33584845 |
| development and application of a novel triplex protein microarray method for rapid detection of antibodies against avian influenza virus, newcastle disease virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus. | avian influenza virus (aiv), newcastle disease virus (ndv), and avian infectious bronchitis virus (ibv) inflict immense damage on the global poultry industry annually. serological diagnostic methods are fundamental for the effective control and prevention of outbreaks caused by these viruses. in this study, a novel triplex protein microarray assay was developed and validated for the rapid and simultaneous visualized detection of antibodies against aiv, ndv, and ibv in chicken sera. the aiv nucle ... | 2021 | 33576898 |
| molecular evolution and pathogenicity of chicken anemia virus isolates in china. | chicken infectious anemia (cia), caused by chicken anemia virus (cav), is an important immunosuppressive disease that seriously threatens the global poultry industry. here, we isolated and identified 30 new cav strains from cav-positive flocks. the vp1 genes of these strains were sequenced and analyzed at the nucleotide and amino acid levels and were found to have very similar nucleotide sequences (> 97% identity); however, they showed 93.9-100.0% sequence identity to the vp1 genes of 55 referen ... | 2021 | 33389105 |
| antitumor effects of apoptin expressed by the dual cancer-specific oncolytic adenovirus - a review. | apoptin is a small molecular weight protein derived from chicken anemia virus, which can induce the apoptosis of transformed cells and tumor cells and leave primary and nontransformed cells unharmed. apoptin's cell localization depends on its own phosphorylation state and cell type. in tumor cells, phosphorylated apoptin enters the nucleus and induces apoptosis. while, in normal cells apoptin mainly exists in the cytoplasm. apoptin, as a disordered protein in cells, interacts with many proteins ... | 2020 | 33215453 |