| in vitro transformation with avian myelocytomatosis virus strain cmii: characterization of the virus and its target cells. | avian myelocytomatosis virus strain cmii induced an in vitro transformation in cells from various hematopoietic tissues and could be quantitated by focus and soft agar colony assay techniques. the cmii-transformed bone marrow cells had a high proliferative capacity in comparison to uninfected controls. the cells closely resembled hematopoietic cells transformed by strain mc29 myelocytomatosis virus, but differed from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv)-transformed cells. they were phagocytic, becam ... | 1977 | 18625478 |
| specificity of in vitro reconstitution of bromegrass mosaic virus. | bromegrass mosaic virus (bmv) rna was allowed to compete with yeast trna or alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna for in vitro encapsidation by bmv protein. various proportions of 32p-labeled foreign rnas were added to a reassembly mixture (bmv protein: bmv rna, 4:1) and the reassembly products were observed by analytical and rate-zonal sedimentation, and the rna contents of the nucleocapsids were examined by gel electrophoresis. incubation of bmv protein with trna alone produced 56 s particles contain ... | 1979 | 18627894 |
| replication of alfalfa mosaic virus rna: evidence for a soluble replicase in healthy and infected tobacco leaves. | soluble rna-dependent rna polymerases from healthy and alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-infected leaves were purified more than 400-fold from the 100,000g supernatant of leaf homogenates, using ammonium sulfate precipitation, sephadex g-100 filtration, and chromatography on deae sephadex a25 and p11-phosphocellulose. the deae-chromatography step eliminated host poly(u)polymerase-like activity, cellular rnases, and endogenous rna, yielding a typical rna-dependent rna polymerase ("deae-enzyme") which wa ... | 1980 | 18631630 |
| activation of the genome of alfalfa mosaic virus is enhanced by the presence of the coat protein on all three genome parts. | the same amount of coat protein stimulates the infectivity of alfalfa mosaic virus rna more when added to the three genome rnas at once than when preincubated with one or two genome rnas separately before the inoculum is completed. this suggests that the coat protein activates the genome by interacting with all three parts of it. it could not be demonstrated that infectivity is absolutely dependent on this multiple activation because of the possible exchange of protein between rna molecules in t ... | 1980 | 18631668 |
| synthesis and characterization of dna complementary to carnation mottle virus rna. | dna complementary to carnation mottle virus-rna (carmv rna) was synthesized using the reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) as enzyme, and an hydrolysate of calf thymus dna as primer. after purification steps that included self-annealing and hydroxyapatite chromatography, the dna transcript was more than 99% sensitive to s1 nuclease and hybridized to at least 92% of the carmv-rna sequences, but not to heterologous rna. therefore, the purified transcript was single stranded an ... | 1980 | 18631672 |
| limited sequence variation in the leader sequence of rna 4 from several strains of alfalfa mosaic virus. | the sequences of the 5'-noncoding regions of rna 4 of seven strains of alfalfa mosaic virus were compared. in each case, the coat protein cistron was preceded by a leader sequence of 39 nucleotides (including the initiator codon). at position 26, an a-, g-, or u-residue was found. otherwise the leader sequences are identical. | 1980 | 18631714 |
| evidence for the absence of swelling of alfalfa mosaic virions. | the stability of the quaternary structure of bottom and top components of alfalfa mosaic virus (respectively amv-b and amv-ta-t) in the ph range 5.5 to 7.8 and at ionic concentrations of 0.01 and 0.1 m has been investigated using small-angle x-ray scattering and photon correlation spectroscopy. the x-ray scattering curves show no significant changes over the angular range measured (to a resolution of 1 100 a (-1)) under the various solvent conditions; the radius of gyration of amv-ta-t is consta ... | 1981 | 18635037 |
| lack of serological relationship between the 35k nonstructural protein of alfalfa mosaic virus and the corresponding proteins of three other plant viruses with a tripartite genome. | alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3 was translated in the mrna-dependent rabbit reticulocyte cell-free system. the 35k translational protein was partly purified and used to raise antibodies. the antibodies obtained reacted with the 35k protein directed by amv rna 3 but not with the corresponding proteins directed by rnas from three other viruses with a tripartite genome (tobacco streak, cucumber mosaic, and brome mosaic). | 1981 | 18635042 |
| evidence that alfalfa mosaic virus infection starts with three rna-protein complexes. | the tripartite genome of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) needs to be activated by its coat protein. to establish whether coat protein exerts its role by interacting structurally with one, two, or all three amv-rna species, the infectivity of mixtures of rna-protein complexes with free rnas were studied (smit and jaspars, virology 104, 454-461, 1980). these studies were not fully conclusive since some redistribution of coat protein does occur as soon as rnas are brought into contact with rna-protein c ... | 1981 | 18635065 |
| evidence that rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus does not replicate autonomously. | a mutant (tbts7) of alfalfa mosaic virus, the coat protein of which is unable to activate the viral genome (the rna species 1, 2, and 3, which need some coat protein for infectivity) at 30 degrees , can be rescued at this temperature by adding to the inoculum wild-type rna 3 (the genome part that contains the coat protein cistron), but not adding wild-type rna 4 (the subgenomic messenger for the coat protein). unless rna 3 of tbts 7 has a second ts mutation at a site not occurring in rna 4, it m ... | 1982 | 18635120 |
| molecular cloning of the complementary dna copies of the common and cowpea strains of tobacco mosaic virus rna. | complementary dna (cdna) copies of the common (om) and cowpea (cc) strains of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) rna polyadenylated in vitro have been synthesized with amv reverse transcriptase and oligo (dt)10 as primer. the cdna was converted to a double-stranded form by e. coli dna polymerase i followed by s1 nuclease digestion. the double-stranded cdna copies were cloned in pbr322 at the psti site using the oligo(dc)-oligo(dg) tailing method. with the common strain, several clones containing inserts ... | 1982 | 18635128 |
| replication of temperature-sensitive mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus in protoplasts. | six mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv), previously found to have conditionally lethal defects when inoculated to tobacco leaf discs, were assayed for a temperature-sensitive (ts) phenotype in cowpea protoplasts. at 30 degrees the virus production of four mutants was less than 10% of that obtained at 25 degrees , whereas wild-type aimv multiplied with similar efficiencies at both temperatures. supplementation experiments performed in protoplasts with two mutants indicated the presence of muta ... | 1983 | 18638887 |
| time course of alfalfa mosaic virus rna and coat protein synthesis in cowpea protoplasts. | a study was made of the time course of the synthesis of viral plus-strand rna, minus-strand rna, and coat protein in alfalfa mosaic virus-infected cowpea protoplasts. the three genomic rnas were synthesized at different rates, as were their corresponding minus-strands. we conclude that viral rna synthesis is regulated both at the level of minus-strand production and the level of plus-strand production. the synthesis of subgenomic rna 4 was slower than that of its corresponding genomic rna (rna 3 ... | 1983 | 18638888 |
| a mutant of alfalfa mosaic virus with an unusual structure. | a spontaneous mutant of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) with an altered structure is described. by analysis of pseudorecombinants the mutation(s) responsible for the altered structure were assigned to rna 3. by in vitro translation and serology it is shown that both proteins (35k protein and coat protein) encoded by rna 3 are changed. the mutation(s) present in rna 3 also have an effect on the ratio of the three genomic rnas, both in virion as well as in double-stranded rna preparations. compared to ... | 1983 | 18638937 |
| removal of the n-terminal part of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein interferes with the specific binding to rna 1 and genome activation. | trypsinized coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus lacking 25 amino acids at its n terminus still has the capability to form complexes with rna which are detectable by sedimentation in sucrose gradients. however, it does not protect specific sites on the rna against degradation by ribonuclease, as the native coat protein does (d. zuidema, m. f. a. bierhuizen, b. j. c. cornelissen, j. f. bol, and e. m. j. jaspars (1983) virology 125, 361-369.). the trypsinized coat protein has lost the capacity of ... | 1983 | 18639115 |
| virus protein synthesis in alfalfa mosaic virus infected alfalfa protoplasts. | four proteins unique to virus infection were synthesized in alfalfa mosaic virus-infected alfalfa mesophyll protoplasts. these proteins, p1, p2, p3, and coat protein comigrated on electrophoresis with the major in vitro translation products of rna 1, rna 2, rna 3, and rna 4, respectively. p1, p3, and coat protein were observed at 5 hr post inoculation; p2 was detected at 9 hr post inoculation. the three nonstructural proteins accumulated most rapidly early in infection until about 15 hr post ino ... | 1983 | 18639174 |
| comparative investigations on the coat protein binding sites of the genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic and tobacco streak viruses. | the genomic rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) and tobacco streak virus (tsv) form complexes with viral coat protein. these complexes were subjected to digestion with ribonuclease t1 and filtered onto millipore filters. it was shown that the major coat protein binding sites are located at the 3' ends of the genomic rna species of aimv and tsv in both heterologous and homologous rna-coat protein combinations. internal coat protein binding sites were found as well. although there is homology betw ... | 1984 | 18639816 |
| minimum requirements for specific binding of rna and coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus. | coat protein-protected fragments of alfalfa mosaic virus rna (almv-rna) and tobacco streak virus rna (tsv-rna), which were isolated as described [d. zuidema, m. f. a. bierhuizen, b. j. c. cornelissen, j. f. bol, and e. m. j. jaspars (1983)virology, 125, 361-369], were tested for their ability to rebind almv coat protein in the presence of an excess of escherichia coli trna by means of a nitrocellulose filter retention assay. in order to obtain the minimum requirements for coat protein binding, a ... | 1984 | 18639820 |
| nonstructural alfalfa mosaic virus rna-coded proteins present in tobacco leaf tissue. | the proteins synthesized under the direction of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas in tobacco leaves have been examined under conditions of suppressed host protein synthesis. besides the coat protein we could detect a 22k (k = apparent molecular weight in thousands), a 35k, and a set of 54k proteins. the 22k protein is serologically related to the coat protein. the 35k protein comigrated with the 35k protein whose synthesis is directed by rna 3 in vitro the 54k proteins are serologically related to the 3 ... | 1984 | 18639831 |
| specificity of rna and coat protein interaction in alfalfa mosaic virus and related viruses. | well-defined coat protein binding sites were found to be present on the genomic rnas of almv and tsv. in view of the regulatory importance of these sites in virus multiplication, the possibility that nonrelated proteins also were able to interact with these sites was investigated. the coat proteins of tsv, bmv, cmv, and sbmv recognize specific sites on almv rna 1. the significance of these sites in virus multiplication is discussed. no specific binding sites were found with tmv coat protein or t ... | 1985 | 18639837 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus temperature-sensitive mutants. i. mutants defective in viral rna and protein synthesis. | the replication in cowpea protoplasts of temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) was studied at the permissive (25 degrees) and the restrictive (30 degrees) temperature. using the northern blot hybridization technique, it was shown that at the restrictive temperature two rna 1 mutants, bts 03 and bts 04, and two rna 2 mutants, mts 03 and mts 04, were all defective in the synthesis of viral minus-strand rna, whereas the synthesis of the plus-strand genomic rnas 1, 2, and ... | 1985 | 18639838 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus temperature-sensitive mutants. ii. early functions encoded by rnas 1 and 2. | mutants bts 03 and mts 04 of alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) have temperature-sensitive mutations in genomic rnas 1 and 2, respectively. these mutants are defective in the production of viral minus-strand rna, coat protein, and infectious virus when assayed in cowpea protoplasts at the nonpermissive temperature (30 degrees). to determine the temperature-sensitive step in the replication cycle, mutant-infected protoplasts were shifted from an incubation temperature of 25 degrees (permissive temperatu ... | 1985 | 18639839 |
| human interferon does not protect cowpea plant cell protoplasts against infection with alfalfa mosaic virus. | orchansky et al. (p. orchansky, m. rubenstein, and i. sela), proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 79, 2278-2280, 1982) reported that natural and recombinant human interferon (huifn), e.g., huifn-beta and -alpha subspecies gamma3, protects plant cells from infection with a plant virus (tobacco mosaic virus). for their study they used tobacco leaf discs as well as tobacco protoplasts. it is now reported that recombinant huifn-beta and huifn-alpha2 do not significantly decrease alfalfa mosaic virus increase ... | 1985 | 18639858 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 4 cdna transcripts in vitro and in vivo. | copies of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna 4 synthesized by transcription in vitro were shown to be biologically active in protoplasts when inoculated together with a mixture of amv rnas 1, 2, and 3. a 5' cap was essential for activity, whereas 15 nonviral nucleotides at the 5' end of the rna transcripts did not detectably affect activity. transcripts that terminated 65 nucleotides from the 3' end of the coding region and transcripts that lacked all or part of the 3'-noncoding region were effectiv ... | 1985 | 18640556 |
| artifacts are responsible for the translational activity of polyribosome preparations isolated from alfalfa mosaic virus-infected tobacco leaves. | we observed that polyribosome preparations isolated from alfalfa mosaic virus (a1mv)-infected tobacco leaves were contaminated with virion-derived material which could not be removed completely by sucrose gradient centrifugation or by magnesium ion precipitation. upon incubation of polyribosome preparations with s 100 extracts from reticulocyte lysates, viral-encoded proteins were produced. aurintricarboxylic acid (ata), an inhibitor of initiation of translation, was used to inhibit de novo tran ... | 1985 | 18640561 |
| swelling of isometric and of bacilliform plant virus nucleocapsids is required for virus-specific protein synthesis in vitro. | encapsidated rna of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv), brome mosaic virus (bmv), alfalfa mosaic virus, and southern bean mosaic virus can act as templates for protein synthesis when preswollen virions are added to a wheat germ extract, or when unswollen virions swell in the extract. encapsidated rna of turnip yellow mosaic virus, whose particles are unlikely to swell under the conditions used here, did not act as a template. ccmv and bmv, swollen in the extract, gave relatively more rna 1 and ... | 1986 | 18640565 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus temperature-sensitive mutants. iii. mutants with a putative defect in cell-to-cell transport. | forty-five mutants of alfalfa mosaic virus with a temperature-sensitive (ts) replication in tobacco leaf discs were assayed in cowpea protoplasts at 25 and 30 degrees . the extent of replication of 9 mutants at 30 degrees was less than 10% of that at 25 degrees, whereas the replication of 14 mutants was not affected at 30 degrees. twenty-two mutants showed an intermediate ts behavior. several mutants with a non-ts phenotype in cowpea protoplasts were also found to be non-ts in their replication ... | 1986 | 18640651 |
| variable repeats and poly (a)-stretches in the leader sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 3. | the complete nucleotide sequence of rna 3 of the l strain of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) was deduced and the 5'-terminal sequence of rna 3 of the s-strain was revised. a comparison of the rna sequences of almv strains l, s, and m showed that a sequence of 27 to 30 nucleotides is repeated two times in the 5' noncoding regions of all strains. in addition, sequences of 56 and 75 nucleotides are duplicated in the leaders of strain s and l, respectively. an a-rich sequence of 10 nucleotides, present ... | 1986 | 18640652 |
| altered balance of the synthesis of plus- and minus-strand rnas induced by rnas 1 and 2 of alfalfa mosaic virus in the absence of rna 3. | the synthesis of viral plus-strand and minus-strand rnas in cowpea protoplasts inoculated with mixtures of alfalfa mosaic virus nucleoproteins (b, m, tb, and ta) was analyzed by the northern blotting technique. a mixture of b, m, and tb induced the synthesis of plus-strand rnas 1, 2, 3, and 4 and three minus-strand rnas corresponding to rnas 1, 2, and 3, respectively. compared to this complete infection, a mixture of b and m induced the synthesis of a reduced amount of plus-strand rnas 1 and 2 a ... | 1983 | 18644274 |
| expression of alfalfa mosaic virus and tobacco rattle virus coat protein genes in transgenic tobacco plants. | using the agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vector system, a chimeric gene consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35 s promoter, alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) coat protein (cp) cistron, and the nopaline synthase polyadenylation signal was integrated into the genome of nicotiana tabacum cv. samsun nn. in 70% of the transgenic tobacco plants the chimeric mrna and its translation product could be detected. cp accumulated to levels up to 0.05% of the soluble leaf protein. the accumulation was indep ... | 1987 | 18644569 |
| non-structural proteins and rnas of alfalfa mosaic virus synthesized in tobacco and cowpea protoplasts. | three proteins, reacting specifically with sera raised against synthetic peptides identical to c-terminal amino acid sequences in alfalfa mosaic virus (aimv) proteins p1, p2, and p3 translated in vitro from the aimv rnas 1, 2, and 3, respectively, were for the first time observed in tobacco and cowpea protoplasts. part of p2 is post-translationally modified in protoplasts, because the anti-p2 serum reacted also with a protein migrating slower than p2 itself. the modification reported for p3 in i ... | 1987 | 18644580 |
| amino acid preferences of retroviral proteases for amino-terminal positions in a type 1 cleavage site. | the specificities of the proteases of 11 retroviruses were studied using a series of oligopeptides with amino acid substitutions in the p1, p3, and p4 positions of a naturally occurring type 1 cleavage site (val-ser-gln-asn-tyr downward arrowpro-ile-val-gln) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1). previously, the substrate specificity of the p2 site was studied for the same representative set of retroviral proteases, which included at least one member from each of the seven genera of the ... | 2008 | 18701588 |
| the use of elisa for detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis viral antigens in basic breeding flocks. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for avian leukosis/ sarcoma virus (alv) group-specific (gs) antigens was used to study the identification of hens which congenitally excrete exogenous alv. the sensitivity of this assay was compared with that of the phenotypic mixing test (pmt) and the direct complement fixation test (cft) by testing limiting dilutions of purified avian myeloblastosis virus (amv), embryo homogenates and albumens. about 0.4 ng/ml of purified amv protein could be detect ... | 1983 | 18766804 |
| application of monoclonal antibodies in the avian leukosis virus gs-antigen elisa. | five hybridoma cell lines which secrete antibodies to avian leukosis/ sarcoma (alv) group-specific (gs) antigens (gag gene products) have been established. the hybrid cells resulted from fusion of p3/x63-ag8.653 myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice which had been immunised with purified avian myeloblastosis virus (amv). screening of supernatant fluids was performed by an indirect double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (idas-elisa) and the immunoelectroblotting techni ... | 1985 | 18766897 |
| translation inhibition of capped and uncapped viral rnas mediated by ribosome-inactivating proteins. | abstract ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are n-glycosidases that remove specific purine residues from the sarcin/ricin (s/r) loop of the large rrna and arrest protein synthesis at the translocation step. in addition to their enzymatic activity, rips have been reputed to be potent antiviral agents against many plant, animal, and human viruses. we recently showed that pokeweed antiviral protein (pap), an rip from pokeweed, inhibits translation in cell extracts by binding to the cap structure ... | 2003 | 18942981 |
| sampling for the incidence of aphid-transmitted viruses in snap bean. | abstract data collected in 2002 and 2003 on alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus incidences of infection in commercial snap bean fields in new york state were used to develop relationships between disease incidence (p(low)) and sample size while accounting for the inherent spatial aggregation of infected plants observed with these two viruses. for a plan consisting of 300 sampled plants (n = 60 quadrats, n = 5 plants per quadrat), estimating p(low) from the incidence of positive groups ... | 2005 | 18943551 |
| pathogenesis of alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean (glycine max) and expression of chimeric rabies peptide in virus-infected soybean plants-a reexamination. | | 2002 | 18943878 |
| identification, characterization, and molecular detection of alfalfa mosaic virus in potato. | abstract alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) was detected in potato fields in several provinces in canada and characterized by bioassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the identity of eight canadian potato amv isolates was confirmed by sequence analysis of their coat protein (cp) gene. sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that these eight amv potato isolates fell into one strain group, whereas a slight difference between ca175 and ... | 2006 | 18943961 |
| the am gene controlling resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus in tomato is located in the cluster of dominant resistance genes on chromosome 6. | abstract the dominant gene am from lycopersicon hirsutum f. sp. glabratum pi134417 confers resistance to most strains of alfalfa mosaic virus, including the recently identified necrotic strains. the phenotypic response includes a lack of symptom development following mechanical inoculation of leaves. to study the resistance mechanism controlled by am, biological (back-inoculation to susceptible hosts), serological (double-antibody sandwich, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), and molecular (reve ... | 2004 | 18944110 |
| pathogenesis of alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean (glycine max) and expression of chimeric rabies peptide in virus-infected soybean plants. | abstract infection of soybean (glycine max) plants inoculated with particles of alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) isolate 425 at 12 days after germination was monitored throughout the life cycle of the plant (vegetative growth, flowering, seed formation, and seed maturation) by western blot analysis of tissue samples. at 8 to 10 days after inoculation, the upper uninoculated leaves showed symptoms of virus infection and accumulation of viral coat protein (cp). virus cp was detectable in leaves, stem, ... | 2001 | 18944120 |
| rna-dependent dna polymerases. | reverse transcriptases (rts) are multifunctional enzymes, but are mainly used as rna-directed dna polymerases in first-strand cdna synthesis. specifically, oligodeoxynucleotides are used as primers for extension on rna templates. the dna synthesized from an rna template is referred to as complementary dna (cdna) and is often used as a template for pcr or converted to dsdna for cloning. this unit describes appropriate reaction conditions for rts from moloney murine leukemia virus (mmlv) and avian ... | 2008 | 18972389 |
| tobacco mosaic virus 126-kda protein increases the susceptibility of nicotiana tabacum to other viruses and its dosage affects virus-induced gene silencing. | the tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) 126-kda protein is a suppressor of rna silencing previously shown to delay the silencing of transgenes in nicotiana tabacum and n. benthamiana. here, we demonstrate that expression of a 126-kda protein-green fluorescent protein (gfp) fusion (126-gfp) in n. tabacum increases susceptibility to a broad assortment of viruses, including alfalfa mosaic virus, brome mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus (trv), and potato virus x. given its ability to enhance trv infection in ... | 2008 | 18986250 |
| characterization of moloney murine leukaemia virus/avian myeloblastosis virus chimeric reverse transcriptases. | reverse transcriptases (rts) from moloney murine leukaemia virus (mmlv) and avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) contain all the fingers, palm, thumb, connection and rnase h domains. the fingers, palm and thumb domains are thought to be involved in the reverse transcription activity, and the rnase h domain is in the rnase h activity. in this study, we characterized four chimeric rts which comprise one of the fingers, palm, thumb and rnase h domains originated from amv rt and the other three and conn ... | 2009 | 19060310 |
| transient protein expression in three pisum sativum (green pea) varieties. | the expression of proteins in plants both transiently and via permanently transformed lines has been demonstrated by a number of groups. transient plant expression systems, due to high expression levels and speed of production, show greater promise for the manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals when compared to permanent transformants. expression vectors based on a tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) are the most commonly utilized and the primary plant used, nicotiana benthamiana, has demonstrated the abili ... | 2009 | 19156736 |
| evaluation of different rt enzyme standards for quantitation of retroviruses using the single-tube fluorescent product-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay. | pcr-based reverse transcriptase (rt) assays are highly sensitive for broad detection of retroviruses. these assays are currently used for demonstrating the absence of retroviral contamination in vaccines and can also be applied to clinical and laboratory research to investigate low-virus replication. a single-tube fluorescent product-enhanced reverse transcriptase assay (stf-pert) has been published that was highly sensitive for retrovirus detection (<10 virions), with enhanced reproducibility a ... | 2009 | 19186191 |
| genome activation by raspberry bushy dwarf virus coat protein. | two sets of infectious cdna clones of raspberry bushy dwarf virus (rbdv) have been constructed, enabling either the synthesis of infectious rna transcripts or the delivery of infectious binary plasmid dna by infiltration of agrobacterium tumefaciens. in whole plants and in protoplasts, inoculation of rbdv rna1 and rna2 transcripts led to a low level of infection, which was greatly increased by the addition of rna3, a subgenomic rna coding for the rbdv coat protein (cp). agroinfiltration of rna1 ... | 2009 | 19218221 |
| recombination structure and genetic relatedness among members of the family bromoviridae based on their rnas 1 and 2 sequence analyses. | in determining putative recombination events and their evolution rates in the rnas 1 and 2 of currently the known members of the family bromoviridae, a detailed study comprising 107 accessions retrieved from the international databases, has been carried out by using recco and rdp v3.31beta algorithms. these programs allowed the detection of potential recombination sites in all the five virus genera composing the family bromoviridae with various degrees of consistency. the rnas 1 and 2 showed inf ... | 2009 | 19255837 |
| evidence for variation in the optimal translation initiation complex: plant eif4b, eif4f, and eif(iso)4f differentially promote translation of mrnas. | eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4b is known to interact with multiple initiation factors, mrna, rrna, and poly(a) binding protein (pabp). to gain a better understanding of the function of eif4b, the two isoforms from arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) were expressed and analyzed using biophysical and biochemical methods. plant eif4b was found by ultracentrifugation and light scattering analysis to most likely be a monomer with an extended structure. an extended structure would facilitate the ... | 2009 | 19493973 |
| [increased efficiency of recombinant proteins production in plants due to optimized translation of rna of viral vector]. | one of the most efficient methods for fast and efficient production of the target proteins in plants is based on the use of self-replicating recombinant viral vectors. we constructed phytoviral vector based on the genome of potato x virus containing the sequence of 5'-untranslated region of rna 4 of alfalfa mosaic virus immediately upstream of the target gene. we demonstrated that incorporation of this sequence into the viral vector results in 3-4 fold elevation of the level of production of the ... | 2009 | 19548543 |
| higher random oligo concentration improves reverse transcription yield of cdna from bioptic tissues and quantitative rt-pcr reliability. | real time quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (qrt-pcr) is the most sensitive technique for detection and quantification of mrna targets. reliable quantification of gene expression in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues (ffpe), however, has been subjected to serious limitations so far, mainly due to the fragmentation of rna transcripts. we tried to improve the sensitivity and reliability of mrna quantification in ffpe by boosting the reverse transcription (rt) step, that is neglected in ... | 2009 | 19619529 |
| a generic method to identify plant viruses by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry of their coat proteins. | although a number of protocols have been developed for detection of viruses at the genus or family level, universal approaches to detect and identify unknown viruses are still required. high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify accurately peptide masses and their constituent sequences from partially purified plant virus preparations. analysis of the peptide fragment masses against a virus database using pattern-matching algorithms identified sequences with homology to known v ... | 2010 | 19712699 |
| myb-induced chromatin remodeling at a dual enhancer/promoter element involves non-coding rna transcription and is disrupted by oncogenic mutations of v-myb. | the oncogene v-myb of avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) encodes a transcription factor (v-myb) that transforms myelomonocytic cells by deregulating the expression of specific target genes. v-myb has acquired its oncogenic potential by truncation as well as by a number of point mutations of its cellular progenitor c-myb. as a result of these changes, the target gene spectrum v-myb differs from that of c-myb. we recently showed that the chicken mim-1 gene, a c-myb target gene that is not activated ... | 2009 | 19841477 |
| in vitro and in vivo studies of the rna conformational switch in alfalfa mosaic virus. | the 3' termini of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rnas adopt two mutually exclusive conformations, a coat protein binding (cpb) and a trna-like (tl) conformer, which consist of a linear array of stem-loop structures and a pseudoknot structure, respectively. previously, switching between cpb and tl conformers has been proposed as a mechanism to regulate the competing processes of translation and replication of the viral rna (r. c. l. olsthoorn et al., embo j. 18:4856-4864, 1999). in the present study, ... | 2010 | 19923185 |
| polymerase incorporation and miscoding properties of 5-chlorouracil. | inflammation-mediated hypochlorous acid (hocl) can damage dna, dna precursors, and other biological molecules, thereby producing an array of damage products such as 5-chlorouracil (clu). in this study, we prepared and studied 5-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine (cldu) and clu-containing oligonucleotide templates. we demonstrate that human k-562 cells grown in culture with 10 mum cldu incorporate substantial amounts of cldu without significant toxicity. when in the template, clu residues pair with datp but ... | 2010 | 20104909 |
| caulimoviridae tubule-guided transport is dictated by movement protein properties. | plant viruses move through plasmodesmata (pd) either as nucleoprotein complexes (npcs) or as tubule-guided encapsidated particles with the help of movement proteins (mps). to explore how and why mps specialize in one mechanism or the other, we tested the exchangeability of mps encoded by dna and rna virus genomes by means of an engineered alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) system. we show that caulimoviridae (dna genome virus) mps are competent for rna virus particle transport but are unable to mediate ... | 2010 | 20130061 |
| identification of plant viruses using one-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprints. | a generic assay to detect and partially characterize unknown viruses from plants was developed. proteins extracted from virus-infected and uninfected plants were separated in one dimension by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. differentially expressed protein bands were eluted after trypsin digestion and resulting peptide fragments separated according to their mass by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry. resulting peptide mass fingerprint ... | 2010 | 20170682 |
| optimisation of reverse transcription can improve the sensitivity of rt-pcr for detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious, notifiable disease of pigs and wild boars listed by the world organisation for animal health (oie). therefore, methods employed in the diagnosis of csf should be fast, sensitive and specific. the aim of this study was optimisation of the reverse transcription reaction to increase the sensitivity of real-time rt-pcr for the detection of classical swine fever virus, the aetiological agent of the disease. the efficiency of reverse transcription reaction ... | 2010 | 20460224 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus: coat protein-dependent initiation of infection. | summary taxonomy: alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is the type species of the genus alfamovirus and belongs to the family bromoviridae. in this family, the tripartite rna genomes of bromo-, cucumo- and probably oleaviruses are infectious as such, whereas infection with the three genomic rnas of alfamo- and ilarviruses requires addition to the inoculum of a few molecules of coat protein (cp) per rna molecule. rnas 1 and 2 encode the replicase proteins p1 and p2, rna 3 encodes the movement protein and c ... | 2003 | 20569357 |
| effects of organic solvents on the reverse transcription reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptases from avian myeloblastosis virus and moloney murine leukemia virus. | the use of certain organic chemicals has been found to improve yields and specificity in pcr. in this study, we examined the effects of dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), formamide, and glycerol on the reverse transcription reaction catalyzed by reverse transcriptases (rts) from avian myeloblastosis virus (amv) and moloney murine leukemia virus (mmlv). at 42 °c, dmso at 24% v/v and formamide at 12-14% inhibited the cdna synthesis reaction, but dmso at 12% and formamide at 6-8% improved the efficiency of ... | 2010 | 20834159 |
| varied molecular interactions at the active sites of several dna polymerases: nonpolar nucleoside isosteres as probes. | we describe a survey of protein-dna interactions with seven different dna polymerases and reverse transcriptases, carried out with nonpolar nucleoside isosteres f (a thymidine analog) and z and q (deoxyadenosine analogues). previous results have shown that z and f can be efficiently replicated opposite each other by the exonuclease-free klenow fragment of dna polymerase i from escherichia coli (kf(-)), although both of them lack watson-crick h-bonding ability. we find that exonuclease-inactive t ... | 2000 | 20882113 |
| preferential use of rna leader sequences during influenza a transcription initiation in vivo. | in vitro transcription initiation studies revealed a preference of influenza a virus for capped rna leader sequences with base complementarity to the viral rna template. here, these results were verified during an influenza infection in mdck cells. alfalfa mosaic virus rna3 leader sequences mutated in their base complementarity to the viral template, or the nucleotides 5' of potential base-pairing residues, were tested for their use either singly or in competition. these analyses revealed that i ... | 2010 | 21030059 |
| a simple, highly efficient method for heterologous expression in mammalian primary neurons using cationic lipid-mediated mrna transfection. | expression of heterologous proteins in adult mammalian neurons is a valuable technique for the study of neuronal function. the post-mitotic nature of mature neurons prevents effective dna transfection using simple, cationic lipid-based methods. adequate heterologous protein expression is often only achievable using complex techniques that, in many cases, are associated with substantial toxicity. here, a simple method for high efficiency transfection of mammalian primary neurons using in vitro tr ... | 2010 | 21267423 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of a spanish isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus: evidence for additional genetic variability. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is a plant virus that is distributed worldwide and can induce necrosis and/or yellow mosaic on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. it is the only virus of the genus alfamovirus in the family bromoviridae. amv isolates can be clustered into two genetic groups that correlate with their geographic origin. here, we report for the first time the complete nucleotide sequence of a spanish isolate of amv found infecting cape honeysuckle (t ... | 2011 | 21327783 |
| c-myb in smooth muscle cells. | the proto-oncogene c-myb is a cellular homolog of a viral oncogene v-myb found in two independently derived avian acute leukemia viruses: avian myeloblastosis vn-us (amv) and e26 leukemia virus (1). the myb gene is highly conserved in eukaryotes, and it usually consists of 15 exons spanning over 35 kb of genomic dna (1).in humans, c-myb gene locus has been mapped to chromosome 6 (6q22-23) however, myb mrna expressed in thymus contains transcripts originating from chromosome 17 (17q25), suggestin ... | 1996 | 21359720 |
| synthesis of double-stranded complementary dna from poly(a)(+)mrna. | the use of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (amv rtase) to produce dna copies of mrna templates is a common and well-documented method (1-3). briefly, the method involves synthesis of a complementary dna strand to the mrna from a short double-stranded region, usually provided by using an oligo(dt) primer on poly(a)(+)rna. the enzyme does not always produce full length transcripts, but all the complementary strands are finished off with a short hairpin loop. this provides a ready- ... | 1985 | 21374188 |
| comparison of the thermal stabilities of the αβ heterodimer and the α subunit of avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. | avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase (amv rt) is a heterodimer consisting of a 63-kda α subunit and a 95-kda β subunit. in this study, we explored the role of the interaction between the α and β subunits on amv rt stability. the recombinant amv rt α subunit was expressed in insect cells and purified. it exhibited lower thermal stability than the native amv rt αβ heterodimer. unlike the αβ heterodimer, the α subunit was not stabilized by template-primer. these results suggest that int ... | 2011 | 21821920 |
| Robust RNAi-based resistance to mixed infection of three viruses in soybean plants expressing separate short hairpins from a single transgene. | Transgenic plants expressing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of virus origin have been previously shown to confer resistance to virus infections through the highly conserved RNA-targeting process termed RNA silencing or RNA interference (RNAi). In this study we applied this strategy to soybean plants and achieved robust resistance to multiple viruses with a single dsRNA-expressing transgene. Unlike previous reports that relied on the expression of one long inverted repeat (IR) combining sequences of ... | 2011 | 21999157 |
| Status of tobacco viruses in Serbia and molecular characterization of tomato spotted wilt virus isolates. | In a four-year survey to determine the presence and distribution of viruses in tobacco crops at 17 localities of the Vojvodina Province and Central Serbia, 380 samples were collected and analyzed by DAS-ELISA. Out of the seven viruses tested, tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), potato virus Y (PVY), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), and alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) were detected in 37.9, 33.4, 28.7, 23.9, and 15.5% of the total tested samples, respectively. TSWV was the most ... | 2011 | 22149499 |
| Molecular breeding of transgenic white clover (Trifolium repens L.) with field resistance to Alfalfa mosaic virus through the expression of its coat protein gene. | Viral diseases, such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover plants in the field. Transgenic white clover plants ectopically expressing the viral coat protein gene encoded by the sub-genomic RNA4 of AMV were generated. Lines carrying a single copy of the transgene were analysed at the molecular, biochemical and phenotypic level under glasshouse and field conditions. Field resistance to AMV infection, as well as mi ... | 2011 | 21947755 |
| Rapid detection of wheat yellow mosaic virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | ABSTRACT: For the detection of wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV), we established a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method. Using Primer Explorer software, four sets of primers were designed and RT-LAMP assay reaction conditions were optimized. The RT-LAMP was performed at different times by four primer sets. Agarose gel analysis showed that WYMV could be detected after 30 min with the primer set III and after 45 min with the other three primer sets, both und ... | 2011 | 22185375 |
| crumple: a method for complete enumeration of all possible pseudoknot-free rna secondary structures. | the diverse landscape of rna conformational space includes many canyons and crevices that are distant from the lowest minimum free energy valley and remain unexplored by traditional rna structure prediction methods. a complete description of the entire rna folding landscape can facilitate identification of biologically important conformations. the crumple algorithm rapidly enumerates all possible non-pseudoknotted structures for an rna sequence without consideration of thermodynamics while filte ... | 2012 | 23300665 |
| pathogen phytosensing: plants to report plant pathogens. | real-time systems that provide evidence of pathogen contamination in crops can be an important new line of early defense in agricultural centers. plants possess defense mechanisms to protect against pathogen attack. inducible plant defense is controlled by signal transduction pathways, inducible promoters and cis-regulatory elements corresponding to key genes involved in defense, and pathogen-specific responses. identified inducible promoters and cis-acting elements could be utilized in plant se ... | 2008 | 27879840 |
| a plant-produced pfs25 vlp malaria vaccine candidate induces persistent transmission blocking antibodies against plasmodium falciparum in immunized mice. | malaria transmission blocking vaccines (tbvs) are considered an effective means to control and eventually eliminate malaria. the pfs25 protein, expressed predominantly on the surface of the sexual and sporogonic stages of plasmodium falciparum including gametes, zygotes and ookinetes, is one of the primary targets for tbv. it has been demonstrated that plants are an effective, highly scalable system for the production of recombinant proteins, including virus-like particles (vlps). we engineered ... | 2013 | 24260245 |
| viral and chloroplastic signals essential for initiation and efficiency of translation in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the construction of high-level protein expression vectors using the camv 35s promoter in concert with highly efficient translation initiation signals for agrobacterium tumefaciens is a relatively less explored field compared to that of escherichia coli. in the current study, we experimentally investigated the capacity of the camv 35s promoter to direct gfp gene expression in a. tumefaciens in the context of different viral and chloroplastic translation initiation signals. gfp expression and conc ... | 2014 | 25117444 |
| expression of soybean-embryo lipoxygenase 2 in transgenic tobacco tissue. | to assess the role of lipoxygenase (lox; ec 1.13.11.12) in plants, we increased the expression of lox in the tissues of nicotiana tabacum l. cv. 'ky 14' by over-expression of the lox2 gene from the soybean (glycine max (l.) merrill) embryo. the lox2 cdna was manipulated by replacing its 5'-untranslated sequence with the translational enhancer of the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), and subcloned into a plant expression vector, 3' to a duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. the amv-lox2 con ... | 1992 | 24178044 |
| the functional analysis of distinct tospovirus movement proteins (nsm) reveals different capabilities in tubule formation, cell-to-cell and systemic virus movement among the tospovirus species. | the lack of infectious tospovirus clones to address reverse genetic experiments has compromised the functional analysis of viral proteins. in the present study we have performed a functional analysis of the movement proteins (nsm) of four tospovirus species bean necrotic mosaic virus (benmv), chrysanthemum stem necrosis virus (csnv), tomato chlorotic spot virus (tcsv) and tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv), which differ biologically and molecularly, by using the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) model sy ... | 2017 | 27697453 |
| the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus interacts and interferes with the transcriptional activity of the bhlh transcription factor ilr3 promoting salicylic acid-dependent defence signalling response. | during virus infection, specific viral component-host factor interaction elicits the transcriptional reprogramming of diverse cellular pathways. alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) can establish a compatible interaction in tobacco and arabidopsis hosts. we show that the coat protein (cp) of amv interacts directly with transcription factor (tf) ilr3 of both species. ilr3 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh) family member of tfs, previously proposed to participate in diverse metabolic pathways. ilr3 has been ... | 2017 | 26929142 |
| structural studies on tobacco streak virus coat protein: insights into the pleomorphic nature of ilarviruses. | tobacco streak virus (tsv), the type member of ilarvirus genus, is a major plant pathogen. tsv purified from infected plants consists of a ss-rna genome encapsidated in spheroidal particles with diameters of 27, 30 and 33nm constructed from multiple copies of a single species of coat protein (cp) subunits. apart from protecting the viral genome, cps of ilarviruses play several key roles in the life cycle of these viruses. unlike the related bromo and cucumoviruses, ilarvirus particles are labile ... | 2016 | 26706030 |
| engineering and expression of a rhoa peptide against respiratory syncytial virus infection in plants. | main conclusion : a rhoa-derived peptide fused to carrier molecules from plants showed enhanced biological activity of in vitro assays against respiratory syncytial virus compared to the rhoa peptide alone or the synthetic rhoa peptide. a rhoa-derived peptide has been reported for over a decade as a potential inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection both in vitro and in vivo and is anticipated to be a promising alternative to monoclonal antibody-based therapy against rsv infectio ... | 2016 | 26474991 |
| control of virus diseases in soybeans. | soybean, one of the world's most important sources of animal feed and vegetable oil, can be infected by numerous viruses. however, only a small number of the viruses that can potentially infect soybean are considered as major economic problems to soybean production. therefore, we consider management options available to control diseases caused by eight viruses that cause, or have the potential to cause, significant economic loss to producers. we summarize management tactics in use and suggest di ... | 2014 | 25410106 |
| biological and molecular variability of alfalfa mosaic virus affecting alfalfa crop in riyadh region. | in 2011-2012, sixty nine samples were collected from alfalfa plants showing viral infection symptoms in riyadh region. mechanical inoculation with sap prepared from two collected samples out of twenty five possitive for alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) by elisa were produced systemic mosaic on vigna unguiculata and nicotiana tabacum, local lesion on chenopodium amaranticolor and c. quinoa. vicia faba indicator plants that induce mosaic and mottle with amv-sagir isolate and no infection with amv-wadi a ... | 2013 | 25288969 |
| the photosystem ii oxygen-evolving complex protein psbp interacts with the coat protein of alfalfa mosaic virus and inhibits virus replication. | alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) coat protein (cp) is essential for many steps in virus replication from early infection to encapsidation. however, the identity and functional relevance of cellular factors that interact with cp remain unknown. in an unbiased yeast two-hybrid screen for cp-interacting arabidopsis proteins, we identified several novel protein interactions that could potentially modulate amv replication. in this report, we focus on one of the novel cp-binding partners, the arabidopsis ps ... | 2014 | 24940990 |
| comparative mapping of the wild perennial glycine latifolia and soybean (g. max) reveals extensive chromosome rearrangements in the genus glycine. | soybean (glycine max l. mer.), like many cultivated crops, has a relatively narrow genetic base and lacks diversity for some economically important traits. glycine latifolia (benth.) newell & hymowitz, one of the 26 perennial wild glycine species related to soybean in the subgenus glycine willd., shows high levels of resistance to multiple soybean pathogens and pests including alfalfa mosaic virus, heterodera glycines ichinohe and sclerotinia sclerotiorum (lib.) de bary. however, limited informa ... | 2014 | 24937645 |
| genetic diversity, reassortment, and recombination in alfalfa mosaic virus population in spain. | the variability and genetic structure of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) in spain was evaluated through the molecular characterization of 60 isolates collected from different hosts and different geographic areas. analysis of nucleotide sequences in four coding regions--p1, p2, movement protein (mp), and coat protein (cp)--revealed a low genetic diversity and different restrictions to variation operating on each coding region. phylogenetic analysis of spanish isolates along with previously reported am ... | 2014 | 24779352 |
| plant-based vaccines: novel and low-cost possible route for mediterranean innovative vaccination strategies. | a plant bioreactor has enormous capability as a system that supports many biological activities, that is, production of plant bodies, virus-like particles (vlps), and vaccines. foreign gene expression is an efficient mechanism for getting protein vaccines against different human viral and nonviral diseases. plants make it easy to deal with safe, inexpensive, and provide trouble-free storage. the broad spectrum of safe gene promoters is being used to avoid risk assessments. engineered virus-based ... | 2014 | 24751193 |
| patellins 3 and 6, two members of the plant patellin family, interact with the movement protein of alfalfa mosaic virus and interfere with viral movement. | movement proteins (mps) encoded by plant viruses interact with host proteins to facilitate or interfere with intra- and/or intercellular viral movement. using yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, we herein present in vivo evidence for the interaction between alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) mp and arabidopsis patellin 3 (atpatl3) and patellin 6 (atpatl6), two proteins containing a sec14 domain. proteins with sec14 domains are implicated in membrane trafficking, cytoske ... | 2014 | 24751128 |
| the movement protein (nsm) of tomato spotted wilt virus is the avirulence determinant in the tomato sw-5 gene-based resistance. | the avirulence determinant triggering the resistance conferred by the tomato gene sw-5 against tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) is still unresolved. sequence comparison showed two substitutions (c118y and t120n) in the movement protein nsm present only in tswv resistance-breaking (rb) isolates. in this work, transient expression of nsm of three tswv isolates [rb1 (t120n), rb2 (c118y) and non-resistance-breaking (nrb)] in nicotiana benthamiana expressing sw-5 showed a hypersensitive response (hr) ... | 2014 | 24690181 |
| complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus isolated from alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in argentina. | the complete nucleotide sequence of an alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) isolate infecting alfalfa (medicago sativa l.) in argentina, amv-arg, was determined. the virus genome has the typical organization described for amv, and comprises 3,643, 2,593, and 2,038 nucleotides for rna1, 2 and 3, respectively. the whole genome sequence and each encoding region were compared with those of other four isolates that have been completely sequenced from china, italy, spain and usa. the nucleotide identity percent ... | 2014 | 24510307 |
| phosphorylation of alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein in vivo. | the 32-kda movement protein, p3, of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is essential for cell-to-cell spread of the virus in plants. p3 shares many properties with other virus movement proteins (mps); however, it is not known if p3 is posttranslationally modified by phosphorylation, which is important for the function of other mps. when expressed in nicotiana tabacum, p3 accumulated primarily in the cell walls of older leaves or in the cytosol of younger leaves. when expressed in pischia pastoris, p3 acc ... | 2014 | 24435161 |
| effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic infections with a multipartite plant rna virus. | multipartite plant viruses were discovered because of discrepancies between the observed dose response and predictions of the independent-action hypothesis (iah) model. theory suggests that the number of genome segments predicts the shape of the dose-response curve, but a rigorous test of this hypothesis has not been reported. here, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), a tripartite alfamovirus, and transgenic nicotianatabacum plants expressing no (wild type), one (p2), or two (p12) viral genome segments ... | 2013 | 23903837 |
| deletions within the 3' non-translated region of alfalfa mosaic virus rna4 do not affect replication but significantly reduce long-distance movement of chimeric tobacco mosaic virus. | alfalfa mosaic virus (almv) rnas 1 and 2 with deletions in their 3' non‑translated regions (ntrs) have been previously shown to be encapsidated into virions by coat protein (cp) expressed from rna3, indicating that the 3' ntrs of rnas 1 and 2 are not required for virion assembly. here, we constructed various mutants by deleting sequences within the 3' ntr of almv subgenomic (sg) rna4 (same as of rna3) and examined the effect of these deletions on replication and translation of chimeric tobacco m ... | 2013 | 23867804 |
| the molecular biology of ilarviruses. | ilarviruses were among the first 16 groups of plant viruses approved by ictv. like alfalfa mosaic virus (amv), bromoviruses, and cucumoviruses they are isometric viruses and possess a single-stranded, tripartite rna genome. however, unlike these other three groups, ilarviruses were recognized as being recalcitrant subjects for research (their ready lability is reflected in the sigla used to create the group name) and were renowned as unpromising subjects for the production of antisera. however, ... | 2013 | 23809923 |
| functional expression of human α9* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in x. laevis oocytes is dependent on the α9 subunit 5' utr. | nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) containing the α9 subunit are expressed in a wide variety of non-neuronal tissues ranging from immune cells to breast carcinomas. the α9 subunit is able to assemble into a functional homomeric nachr and also co-assemble with the α10 subunit into functional heteromeric nachrs. despite the increasing awareness of the important roles of this subunit in vertebrates, the study of human α9-containing nachrs has been severely limited by difficulties in its exp ... | 2013 | 23717646 |
| resistance breaking tomato spotted wilt virus isolates on resistant pepper varieties in italy. | in spring 2012, resistance breaking (rb) isolates of tomato spotted wilt virus (tswv) that overcome the resistance conferred by the tsw gene in different pepper hybrids have been recovered in different locations in southern italy (campania and apulia regions) in protected cultivation, about one month after transplant. the percentage of symptomatic plants was 5-10% and, only in particular cases of advanced stage of cultivation, it reached 30-50% at the end of cycle. all tswv isolates induced simi ... | 2013 | 25151838 |
| ilarviruses of prunus spp.: a continued concern for fruit trees. | prunus spp. are affected by a large number of viruses, causing significant economic losses through either direct or indirect damage, which results in reduced yield and fruit quality. among these viruses, members of the genus ilarvirus (isometric labile ringspot viruses) occupy a significant position due to their distribution worldwide. although symptoms caused by these types of viruses were reported early in the last century, their molecular characterization was not achieved until the 1990s, muc ... | 2012 | 23148725 |
| systemic transport of alfalfa mosaic virus can be mediated by the movement proteins of several viruses assigned to five genera of the 30k family. | we previously showed that the movement protein (mp) gene of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is functionally exchangeable for the cell-to-cell transport of the corresponding genes of tobacco mosaic virus (tmv), brome mosaic virus, prunus necrotic ringspot virus, cucumber mosaic virus and cowpea mosaic virus. we have analysed the capacity of the heterologous mps to systemically transport the corresponding chimeric amv genome. all mps were competent in systemic transport but required the fusion at their ... | 2013 | 23136366 |
| alfalfa mosaic virus replicase proteins, p1 and p2, localize to the tonoplast in the presence of virus rna. | to identify the virus components important for assembly of the alfalfa mosaic virus replicase complex, we used live cell imaging of arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts that expressed various virus cdnas encoding native and gfp-fusion proteins of p1 and p2 replicase proteins and full-length virus rnas. expression of p1-gfp alone resulted in fluorescent vesicle-like bodies in the cytoplasm that colocalized with fm4-64, an endocytic marker, and rfp-atvsr2, rabf2a/rha1-mcherry, and rabf2b/ara7-mcherry, ... | 2012 | 22999257 |
| multifunctional roles for the n-terminal basic motif of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein: nucleolar/cytoplasmic shuttling, modulation of rna-binding activity, and virion formation. | in addition to virion formation, the coat protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) is involved in the regulation of replication and translation of viral rnas, and in cell-to-cell and systemic movement of the virus. an intriguing feature of the amv cp is its nuclear and nucleolar accumulation. here, we identify an n-terminal lysine-rich nucleolar localization signal (nols) in the amv cp required to both enter the nucleus and accumulate in the nucleolus of infected cells, and a c-terminal leucin ... | 2012 | 22746826 |
| virus diseases of peas, beans, and faba bean in the mediterranean region. | in the mediterranean region, pea, bean, and faba bean production is affected by around 17 major viruses. these viruses do not have the same ecology and consequently require a variety of different preventive measures to control them. some of these viruses have a narrow host range, such as faba bean necrotic yellows virus (fbnyv), and others, such as alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) and cucumber mosaic virus (cmv), a very wide host range. such features are important when identifying sources of virus ino ... | 2012 | 22682174 |
| co-infection patterns and geographic distribution of a complex pathosystem targeted by pathogen-resistant plants. | increasingly, pathogen-resistant (pr) plants are being developed to reduce the agricultural impacts of disease. however pr plants also have the potential to result in increased invasiveness of nontarget host populations and so pose a potential threat to nontarget ecosystems. in this paper we use a new framework to investigate geographical variation in the potential risk associated with unintended release of genetically modified alfalfa mosaic virus (amv)-resistant trifolium repens (white clover) ... | 2012 | 22471074 |