| [inhibition of several strains of influenza virus type a and b by phenolic polymers]. | ten synthetic polymers of diphenolic compounds (kop, hykop, chop, 3,4-dhtop na-adrop, nh4-adrop, na-noradrop, nh4-noradrop, genop, and 2,5-dhtop) as well as two phenolic polymers of natural origin (na-humate, nh4-humate) were tested for their effectiveness on several strains of influenza virus type a and b. the allantois-on-shell system was used for primary screening. virus multiplication was assessed by means of the infectious titer. all substances tested were found to exert inhibitory effects ... | 1986 | 3814107 |
| demonstration of an immunosuppressive action of detergent-disrupted influenza virus on the antibody response to inactivated whole virus vaccine. | in a series of experiments performed in hamsters and mice, administration of mixtures of detergent-disrupted (sv) influenza a x49 (h3n2) virus and inactivated x49 whole virus (wv) vaccine induced lower serum antibody titres than equivalent or lower doses of wv vaccine alone. this reduction in antibody titre was also observed using influenza a (h1n1) and influenza b (b/hong kong/8/73) sv and wv vaccine preparations. the results suggested that sv preparations can suppress the serum antibody respon ... | 1987 | 3819697 |
| response of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus in the ferret model for reye's syndrome. | the structural integrity of epithelial cells of the lateral choroid plexus tissues from the ferret model for reye's syndrome was examined by transmission electron microscopy after the animals were inoculated intranasally with influenza b, were administered aspirin, and/or were fed an arginine deficient diet singly and in combination. no cellular alteration in the choroidal epithelium was caused by influenza b nor by aspirin, however, the synthetic diet produced random intercellular edema. the st ... | 1987 | 3821066 |
| effect of heating and adsorption of complement on the antiviral activity of normal sera against inhibitor-resistant influenza virus. | | 1986 | 3824904 |
| [operative assessment of the influenza situation based on a complex accounting of standardized indices of incidence and data on rapid diagnosis]. | the paper described a method allowing most objective and operative evaluation of the influenza situation in the autumn-winter period, the detection of the onset of influenza epidemic in a given population area, and characterization of the intensity of the epidemic. the development of a more accurate method of operative evaluation of the influenza situation is necessary because influenza is one of widely prevalent virus diseases which still plays a significant role in human pathology and simultan ... | 1986 | 3825088 |
| [effective stabilizer for preparing antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agents for influenza a and b viruses]. | a method for preparation of erythrocyte antibody diagnosticums capable of differentiating in pha test the type and subtype appurtenance of influenza virus strains was developed on the basis of amidol sensitization of erythrocytes with immunoglobulin preparations and the use as a stabilizing agent of nonionic detergent triton x-100. the method is simple, highly sensitive, reproducible, and may be used at virological laboratories of practical health institutions. | 1986 | 3825090 |
| influenza b virus reinfection. | four outbreaks of influenza b infection occurred in houston, texas in the years 1976-1984. in the houston family study, age-related infection and illness rates in the recent two epidemics resembled those reported previously. a total of 118 persons, including 35 children followed from birth, were followed longitudinally through this entire period and 331 persons were studied through at least two outbreaks. fifty-nine (88%) of 67 children studied for four outbreaks were infected and 25% had a seco ... | 1987 | 3826038 |
| [influenza in moldavia (romania) in the winter and spring of 1985]. | | 1985 | 3832279 |
| [antiviral action of fractions isolated from propolis]. | | 1985 | 3834770 |
| [prospective epidemiologic study of the characteristics of the evolution of influenza in collectives of children and adolescents]. | | 1985 | 3835657 |
| [characteristics of virion formation during mixed infection with influenza viruses a and b]. | simultaneous infection of mdck cells with influenza a and b viruses at an equal multiplicity of infection leads to the synthesis of the proteins of both viruses. in the population of virions the hemagglutinin of influenza b virus prevails, whereas np proteins of both viruses are present in similar quantities. trypsin treatment of the double-infected cells resulting in the cleavage of the hemagglutinin molecules at the cell surface allows revealing the predominance of influenza b hemagglutinin on ... | 1985 | 3842740 |
| [character of the therapeutic action of different schedules of administration of donor anti-influenza gamma-globulin to influenza patients]. | | 1985 | 3843155 |
| [experience with the clinical use of donor anti-influenza gamma-globulin]. | | 1985 | 3843156 |
| epidemiology report: influenza 1984. national health laboratory, kenepuru. | | 1985 | 3856765 |
| enzyme immunoassay, complement fixation and hemagglutination inhibition tests in the diagnosis of influenza a and b virus infections. purified hemagglutinin in subtype-specific diagnosis. | the efficacy of enzyme immunoassay (eia) in detecting diagnostic antibody rises to influenza a and b viruses was compared with complement fixation (cf) and hemagglutination inhibition (hi) tests in 455 patients with an acute respiratory infection. eia and hi detected significantly more diagnostic antibody rises against influenza a than the cf method (96 and 87 vs. 47, respectively). in the case of influenza b significantly more diagnostic influenza b antibody rises were observed by eia than by c ... | 1985 | 3882733 |
| [epidemiology of influenza since 1968]. | | 1985 | 3884531 |
| ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of infections caused by influenza virus strains a/victoria/7/83 (h1n1) and b/texas/1/84. | in a double-blind study of influenza in a population of college students in 1984, ribavirin small-particle aerosol treatment of 38 patients (18 treated, 20 control) infected with a new antigenic variant, influenza virus strain a/victoria/7/83 (h1n1), was associated with statistically significant reductions in the height and duration of fever, systemic symptoms, and virus shedding. patients received a total of 2.4 g of ribavirin over 42 h during 68 h of hospitalization without any side effects. i ... | 1985 | 3888102 |
| [possibilities for spring vaccination of schoolchildren against influenza]. | | 1985 | 3904287 |
| influenza vaccination in dialysis and transplant patients. | | 1985 | 3909959 |
| [isolation of the internal proteins of the influenza virus by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for obtaining monospecific antisera]. | the principal possibility of isolation of internal proteins (m and np) of influenza type a (h1n1 and h3n2) and b viruses by sds-pag preparative electrophoresis and preparation of monospecific antisera to these proteins was demonstrated. the resulting preparations may be used for testing the biological objects by enzymeimmunoassay. | 1985 | 3913133 |
| [use of immunoenzyme analysis to study the immune response of persons inoculated with influenza vaccines and in convalescents]. | | 1985 | 3913138 |
| [anti-influenza vaccination in children]. | due to new methods, including genic recombination, four anti-influenza vaccines are now available: whole inactivated virus vaccine; surface antigen (sub-unit); disrupted virus (split virus); live attenuated virus (used only in the ussr). the safest vaccine at the present time is the split vaccine, as it has been used on large populations (including children) for many years in japan. moreover, this is the only vaccine used in the usa on children (over three years of age). systemic side effects of ... | 1985 | 3915545 |
| [comparative antigenic analysis of the hemagglutinin from influenza b viral strains isolated in 1980-1981]. | | 1985 | 3916952 |
| [the etiologic role of influenza a and b viruses in acute respiratory infections and the status of population immunity to them in residents of kharkov]. | | 1985 | 3917192 |
| update: influenza activity--united states. | | 1985 | 3919269 |
| [use of immunoenzyme analysis for the detection and differentiation of influenza viruses a, b and c]. | test systems for elisa, containing antibodies to internal or supercapsid proteins and intended for the detection and differentiation of influenza a, b and c viruses in small amounts, have been developed. the possibility of using these systems for the determination of viruses both in material obtained directly from humans and in chick embryo isolates has been demonstrated. | 1985 | 3920848 |
| influenza--united states, 1984-1985 season. | | 1985 | 3925319 |
| biochemical and morphological characteristics of a mouse model of reye's syndrome induced by the interaction of influenza b virus and a chemical emulsifier. | one theory of the etiology of reye's syndrome is that environmental toxins predispose the child to react abnormally to virus infection. influenza b is the most commonly implicated virus. suckling mice were exposed to a surfactant, toximul mp8, either by a single intraperitoneal injection or by repeated applications to the skin. at various times after exposure, the mice were infected intranasally with influenza b virus. mice exposed to a combination of chemical and virus had a higher mortality ra ... | 1986 | 3941540 |
| mouse influenza b virus model of reye's syndrome. encephalopathy and microvesicular fatty metamorphosis of the liver by influenza b virus following intravenous administration in mice. | | 1986 | 3942199 |
| leads from the mmwr. update: influenza activity--united states--and influenza type b virus drift. | | 1986 | 3945026 |
| safety and immunogenicity of a 45-microgram supplemental dose of inactivated split-virus influenza b vaccine in the elderly. | | 1986 | 3950454 |
| aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and viral infection. lack of association. | we tested the hypothesis that intracranial aneurysm develops because of viral infection that produces arterial damage, and that aneurysmal rupture is related to viral infection. the following viral agents were studied: influenza a, influenza b, and respiratory syncytial viral titers, by the indirect immunofluorescence method, in 29 patients and 29 controls; herpes simplex virus titers, by immunofluorescence, in 31 patients and 31 controls; rubella viral titers (rubazyme test), in 34 patients and ... | 1986 | 3954620 |
| [characteristics of the biological and antigenic properties of reference strains of the influenza b virus at various periods of isolation]. | the results of a comparative analysis of biological and antigenic properties of reference influenza b virus strains, b/lee/40, b/singapore/222/79, and b/ussr/100/83, are presented. the most marked changes were found in the antigenic properties of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. hemagglutinins of the strains under study were found to have both common antigens and qualitatively different strain-specific determinants. the degree of intensity of immunity to the challenge b/singapore/222/79 pm+ viru ... | 1986 | 3962285 |
| reye's syndrome in denmark. a retrospective study. | we tried to determine the incidence of reye's syndrome (rs) in denmark in a retrospective study. as rs is often preceded by influenza b, we chose the year 1979, where an epidemic of influenza b was registered in denmark. all children aged 1 month to 18 years, who died, were identified, excluding children who died from accidents or malignant diseases. two hundred and forty-two children died in hospital. review of the records revealed one case of rs. one hundred and five died outside hospital. rev ... | 1986 | 3962663 |
| national reye syndrome surveillance, 1982. | despite the fact that influenza b was the primary influenza virus strain during the winter of 1981-1982, only 213 cases of reye syndrome were reported to the centers for disease control (cdc) between dec 1, 1981 and nov 30, 1982. this national reported incidence of 0.33 cases per 100,000 children less than 18 years of age is the lowest reported incidence since the centers for disease control began surveillance in 1973. this relatively low incidence probably reflected, at least in part, the fact ... | 1985 | 3969325 |
| antibody response and persistence in volunteers following immunization with varying dosages of a trivalent surface antigen influenza virus vaccine. | the serum antibody responses and 50% protective levels (pl50) of antibody were determined, using the srh test, at one and twelve months post-vaccination in a group of student volunteers immunized with one of three dosages of a trivalent surface-antigen influenza virus vaccine, or with placebo. it was found that, for the h3, h1 and b haemagglutinin components present in the vaccine, a dose of 6 micrograms ha elicited high serum antibody responses at one month post-immunization. high mean antibody ... | 1985 | 3973383 |
| fulminant pneumonia caused by concomitant infection with influenza b virus and staphylococcus aureus. | | 1985 | 3973782 |
| characterization of a porcine kidney cell line resistant to influenza virus infection. | a mutant cell line of porcine kidney cells that resists the cytopathic effect of influenza virus has been obtained and characterized. these cells, designated esk-r, were originally obtained by prolonged cultivation of cells surviving influenza b/kanagawa/73 virus infection. no infectious virus was recovered from esk-r cells, and no evidence for the presence of virus antigens in the cells was demonstrated by immunofluorescent staining. esk-r cells also showed a distinct resistance to various othe ... | 1985 | 3973972 |
| influenza and mania: a possible connection with the locus ceruleus. | i have presented a possible case of mania induced by influenza b. some epidemic influenza viruses may be neurovirulent. these epidemics seem to be associated with postencephalitic parkinson's disease, mania, and depression. viral, neuroanatomic, neurophysiologic, neurochemical, pharmacologic, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence can be found to suggest a connection between the locus ceruleus, the influenza virus, and the induction of a manic psychosis. | 1985 | 3975719 |
| behaviour of influenza virus point-inoculated onto the mucous membrane of the chick tracheal explant. | influenza virus was point-inoculated on to the chick tracheal mucous membrane cultivated on a solid medium (l-15 agar medium) with a platinum microloop (ca 0.03 microliter of inoculum). following the rapid adsorption of the inoculated virus on the mucosal surface, the explant was infected with a high efficiency. the 50% minimal explant infectious doses (meid50) of influenza a virus strains (a/pr8/34, a/kumamoto/79 and a/bangkok/79) were less than one pfu. influenza b virus (b/lee/40) was also ad ... | 1985 | 3986132 |
| [erythrocyte antibody diagnostic agents for determining the type and subtype of influenza viruses]. | the method of antibody sensitization of sheep erythrocyte using amidole was employed to prepare diagnosticums for influenza a/ussr/090/77 (h1n1), a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2), and b/hong kong/75 viruses. comparison of the potency of diagnosticums obtained on the basis of hyperimmune influenza sera and immunoglobulin preparations demonstrated that the use of globulins isolated with ammonium sulphate, by gel filtration on sephadex g-200, and ion-exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose 32 gives a higher ... | 1985 | 3993001 |
| [serological and clinical studies on an epidemic of influenza type b]. | | 1985 | 3998076 |
| [characteristics of the glycoproteins of vaccinal strains of the influenza viruses solubilized by octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside]. | the use of a nonionic detergent, octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside (og), under optimal conditions is highly effective in selective solubilization of membrane proteins (glycoproteins) of influenza a and b viruses, including the strains currently recommended for polytype inactivated influenza vaccines. the yield of hemagglutinin was 84-90% of the initial level in the virion concentrate. the antigenic stability of hemagglutinin of the a/h3 subtype upon storage for over 2 years and the a/h1 subtype for a ... | 1985 | 4002689 |
| concurrent outbreaks of influenza a and influenza b. | during the winter of 1982 concurrent outbreaks of influenza a and influenza b occurred. the epidemiology and clinical features of 151 cases referred during this time are described, and patients are discussed according to age and presenting clinical syndrome: croup was the commonest presentation in young children, a typical influenza syndrome predominated in young adults, while older patients were more likely to have lower respiratory tract infection. there was no significant difference between t ... | 1985 | 4008920 |
| the hi test modified by ether treatment in the sero-epidemiological surveillance of influenza b. | ether-treated influenza b haemagglutination inhibition (hi) antigen was used in a study of serum collections from three different epidemic seasons. for diagnostic purposes, ether treatment increased the efficacy of the hi test by about 50% over the conventional hi technique, raising it to the same level of sensitivity as the complement fixation (cf) test. the treatment reduced the specificity of the hi test, but its reliability in the diagnosis of influenza b infections was only slightly diminis ... | 1985 | 4008921 |
| molecular epidemiology of influenza virus: antigenic and biochemical analysis of influenza virus outbreaks in schools. | | 1985 | 4013412 |
| [immunologic reactions following influenza virus vaccination]. | | 1985 | 4013413 |
| tecumseh study of illness. xiii. influenza infection and disease, 1976-1981. | the occurrence of influenza was followed in tecumseh, michigan during the five year period 1976-1981 by identifying onset of acute respiratory illness and by virus isolation and serology. type b outbreaks were observed in 1976-1977 and 1979-1980, type a (h3n2) in 1977-1978 and 1980-1981, and type a (h1n1) viruses in 1977-1978, 1978-1979, and 1980-1981. evidence of low level circulation of viruses in the year preceding an outbreak was not obtained. age-specific isolation rates from specimens coll ... | 1985 | 4014174 |
| etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in patients requiring hospitalization. | the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia was studied in 127 patients with roentgenologically verified pneumonia who needed hospitalization. etiology was determined on the basis of a positive blood culture and/or a significant antibody titer increase. streptococcus pneumoniae was the probable etiological agent in 69 patients, nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in five patients, streptococcus pyogenes in two patients, and legionella pneumophila and staphylococcus aureus in one patient each. ev ... | 1985 | 4018066 |
| the ferret as a model for inner ear research. | viral infections have long been suspected to be causative agents in a number of inner ear dysfunctions. with few exceptions, the virus has not been demonstrated as the direct agent leading to hearing loss and/or vertigo. selective inner ear changes have been observed recently in sensory and nonsensory epithelial cells in the ferret model for reye's syndrome after intranasal inoculation with influenza b combined with aspirin administration and the creation of an arginine deficiency. such findings ... | 1985 | 4021437 |
| influenza surveillance at siriraj hospital: 1979-1983. | | 1985 | 4031707 |
| [monitoring of influenza in belgium, 1982-1983, 1983-1984]. | | 1985 | 4037927 |
| virions and intracellular nucleocapsids produced during mixed heterotypic influenza infection of mdck cells. | phenotypically mixed virus yields, obtained by coinfection of mdck cells with influenza a/wsn/33 and b/lee/40 viruses, contained both a/wsn/33 and b/lee/40 np proteins, as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the purified 14c-amino acids-labeled virus. virions were lysed with 0.6 m kcl-triton x-100 buffer, and nucleocapsids were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against np protein of influenza a virus. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the immunoprecipitate revealed np protein ... | 1985 | 4038521 |
| [enhancement of the immune response to surface antigens of the influenza b virus as a result of their covalent binding with a synthetic polymer carrier]. | the primary immune response (the number of antibody-forming cells, afc) and the delayed type hypersensitivity (dths) were studied in mice immunized either with isolated glycoproteins of influenza virus (hemagglutinin, ha and ha plus neuraminidase, ha plus na) or with their conjugates with an acrylic acid copolymer (cp) and n-vinylpyrrolidone of equimolar composition. immunization of mice with conjugates containing virus proteins (virogates-ha-cp or ha plus na-cp--entailed a 50-100 increment of t ... | 1985 | 4038611 |
| depressed chemiluminescence response by influenza virus is enhanced after conjugation of viral subunits to muramyl dipeptide. | the effect on respiratory burst of murine spleen cells after in vitro exposure to influenza virus, subunits, or subunits conjugated to muramyl dipeptide (mdp) was studied by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (cl) in response to stimulation by zymosan. cl induced by infectious influenza a virus was depressed but could be elevated to normal levels when mdp was added together with a low, but not with a high, dose of the virus. profound depression of cl was induced by high doses of influenza a/bra ... | 1985 | 4044031 |
| influenza b and staphylococcal pneumonia. | | 1985 | 4045624 |
| electron microscopy of influenza virus. a comparison of negatively stained and ice-embedded particles. | an electron microscopical study was made of the influenza virus, type b/hong kong, in the unstained, frozen, hydrated state after quench-freezing in cooled liquid ethane. the results are compared with data from negatively stained specimens. it is shown that cryo-electron microscopy confirms and extends the data obtained by conventional methods. in particular, the virus is shown to be circular in projection with no indication of icosahedral symmetry, the lipid membrane is clearly resolved as a bi ... | 1985 | 4046029 |
| [isolation of the influenza b virus in mdck cells]. | the frequency of influenza b virus isolation from clinical specimens is much higher when a continuous line of dog kidney cells, mdck, is employed, and not the developing chick embryos. among 9 influenza b virus strains isolated during the influenza epidemic of 1983-1984 winter, 8 strains were isolated in mdck cells and only 1 in chick embryos. the influenza b virus isolates were similar to influenza b/singapore/222/79 virus differing from it in hi titres 2-16-fold. | 1985 | 4049838 |
| [detection and identification of the influenza virus in nasopharyngeal washings by solid-phase radioimmunological analysis]. | in the period of epidemic rise of the morbidity level in 1983-1984, 207 specimens of nasopharyngeal washings from patients with influenza were analysed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. test sera containing a wide range of antihemagglutinating antibodies to different drift variants of influenza type a and type b viruses were used as diagnostic ones. the results indicate the predominance of influenza b infection (18.4%). influenza a accounted for 14.5%, 9.2% of it being subtype h1n1. noteworthy is ... | 1985 | 4049839 |
| [comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effectiveness of virazole and remantadine in patients with influenza caused by a(h3n2) and b viruses]. | therapeutic effectiveness of virazole in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) and b viruses (1980-1984) was demonstrated in 432 patients with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of influenza. provided the treatment started on the 1st day of the disease, the experimental group showed normalization of fever and regression of toxicity symptoms within shorter periods than the controls. however in treatment of patients with influenza caused by a (h3n2) virus virazole showed a less m ... | 1985 | 4049841 |
| [circulation of the influenza virus on poultry-raising farms]. | the results of examinations for immunity to influenza in chickens and the personnel handling them at the permanently observed farm are presented. antibodies mainly to the same antigenic variants of human influenza viruses were found in chicken and human blood sera. alongside with antihemagglutinins to influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, chicken in 1983-1984 were found to have antibodies to influenza b virus epidemically important in those years. thus, in poultry farms human influenza viruses are i ... | 1985 | 4049842 |
| alterations in the hemagglutinin associated with adaptation of influenza b virus to growth in eggs. | in 1943 burnet reported on changes in the hemagglutinating properties of human influenza virus which occurred during adaptation of the virus to growth in chicken eggs. only recently has direct evidence been presented that these changes affect the antigenic properties of the virus. schild et al. (g. c. schild, j. s. oxford, j. c. dejong, and r. g. webster (1983), nature (london) 303, 706-709) demonstrated that egg adaptation of influenza b virus selects variants which are antigenically distinct f ... | 1985 | 4060580 |
| [demonstration and study of the internal proteins of the influenza b virus using solid-phase radioimmunological analysis]. | internal proteins of influenza b/ussr/14/80 virus retaining their antigenic and immunogenic activities were obtained by electrophoresis in 1% agarose. antisera to eluted np and m polypeptides were prepared. study of influenza b viruses isolated in 1940-1984, performed by solid-phase radioimmunoassay, revealed no differences in the antigenic properties of nucleoprotein and matrix protein, except in the b/yamagata/73 virus. | 1985 | 4060697 |
| protein and nucleic acid analyses of influenza c viruses isolated from pigs and man. | the virus-coded proteins and the genomes of influenza c virus isolates obtained from chinese pigs in 1981-1982 and of human influenza c virus strains isolated between 1947 and 1981 were compared. using sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and one-dimensional peptide mapping we found the virus-coded proteins of the pig influenza c viruses to be similar to those of human influenza c virus strains. the sizes of the genomes of human and pig influenza c viruses were indistinguishable. genome analys ... | 1985 | 4060845 |
| sensitivity of ortho- and paramyxovirus replication to human interferon alpha. | replication of the influenza virus strains influenza ao/wsn (h0n1), fowl plague (hav1n1) and b-lee/40 (atcc) and the paramyxovirus, new castle disease virus (victoria) are highly sensitive to human interferon type alpha in madin darby bovine kidney cells. pretreatment of cells with human interferon type alpha resulted in protection of the cells against viral cytopathic effect. the inhibition of the orthomyxovirus strains used in this study and new castle disease virus replication is mediated by ... | 1985 | 4069110 |
| dynamics of neutralizing secretory influenza antibodies after nasal administration of the nivgrip trivalent influenza vaccine. | the trivalent inactivated nivgrip influenza vaccine was administered by nasal route to 26 young adults; a matched control group was represented by 19 subjects who received a placebo. vaccination was followed by a higher proportion of rises in the level of neutralizing secretory antibodies (70-77%) than in that of serum hai antibodies (19-42%) to the three influenza strains contained in the vaccine. simultaneous rises in secretory antibody titers to three and two influenza antigens occurred in 50 ... | 1985 | 4071977 |
| viral and rickettsial etiology of an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection. | an outbreak of 111 cases of acute respiratory tract infection was recorded in a community of the town "t" in april-may 1984. the clinical picture was severer than usual; 28% of the cases had to be hospitalized, average absenteeism being as high as 26 days per case. serological investigations demonstrated the previous circulation of influenza virus b/singapore/222/79 and the simultaneous circulation during the outbreak of influenza virus a/england/333/80 (h1n1) and of rickettsia burneti (as also ... | 1985 | 4071978 |
| influenza b virus model of reye's syndrome in mice: the effect of aspirin. | aspirin is a possible cofactor with influenza b virus in reye's syndrome. in an attempt to determine whether single or multiple doses of acetylsalicylic acid (asa) alter mortality in an influenza b virus mouse model of reye's syndrome, either asa (300 to 667 mg/kg) or saline was given intraperitoneally to 3-week-old balb/c mice. two hours later, one median lethal dose (ld50) of influenza b/lee virus was given intravenously. mortality was not significantly increased by the single asa dose. blood ... | 1985 | 4073851 |
| activity of selenazofurin against influenza a and b viruses in vitro. | activity of the new antiviral compound selenazofurin was compared with the known active compounds ribavirin and amantadine against influenza a and b viruses. in experiments with madin darby canine kidney cells, selenazofurin inhibited the cytopathic effect and yield of influenza a/nws/33 virus, with 50% effective dose ranges of 0.7 to 1.4 micrograms/ml (virus rating [vr], 1.3 to 1.4). the 50% effective dose range for ribavirin was 1.2 to 1.6 micrograms/ml (vr, 1.0 to 1.3), and for amantadine it ... | 1985 | 4073860 |
| synthesis of adenylyl-(3'----5')-guanosine and some analogues as probes to explore the molecular mechanism of stimulation of influenza virus rna polymerase. | influenza virus mrna synthesis is primed by a capped oligonucleotide which is cleaved off from a cellular mrna by a viral protein. the dinucleotide a3'p5'g can be used as a primer for the viral rna polymerase mediated rna synthesis in a cell-free system. analogues of a3'p5'g have therefore been synthesized using the phosphotriester approach, and their priming ability for the influenza virus mrna synthesis has been determined. an absence of the 2'-hydroxyl function in the guanosine residue in the ... | 1985 | 4082842 |
| structure and composition of influenza virus. a small-angle neutron scattering study. | a detailed analysis is presented of the small-angle neutron scattering curves of homogeneous solutions of influenza b virus, both intact and after treatment with bromelain, which removes the external glycoprotein spikes. the two sets of data are consistent with the following low-resolution structure: the virus particles are spherical, about 1200 a in diameter and of mr about 180 x 10(6). the lipid bilayer is centred at a radius of 425 a, is 40 a to 50 a thick and constitutes 25% to 28% of the vi ... | 1985 | 4093979 |
| [mobility study of influenza c virus proteins in cellulose acetate electrophoresis]. | four strains of influenza c virus were studied by cellulose acetate electrophoresis. all of them were found to contain super-capsid proteins destroyed by electrophoresis apparently due to contact with sodium dodecylsulphate. according to laver's classification, influenza c viruses may be placed with group 3 viruses. among major virion proteins of influenza c viruses matrix protein was found to be the most stable forming a separate protein band on cellulose acetate, and it may be readily identifi ... | 1985 | 4095974 |
| [biochemical indices of the allantoic fluid of chick embryos infected with the influenza virus]. | virus-containing allantoic fluid (vcaf) serves as raw material for influenza virus manufacture in the ussr. vcaf composition varies greatly from batch to batch. the causes of instability of its composition were studied. the main high molecular admixtures determining vcaf instability were found to include proteins and lipids getting into vcaf with amniotic fluid, blood, and yolk of the embryo when vcaf is collected. physicochemical characteristics (ph, protein and lipid concentrations, protein co ... | 1985 | 4095975 |
| temporary paralysis in childhood after influenza b. | | 1974 | 4143314 |
| the 1967 outbreak of influenza b in the u.s.s. r. | | 1967 | 4163159 |
| adsorption of mycoplasma pneumoniae to neuraminic acid receptors of various cells and possible role in virulence. | monkey, rat, and chicken tracheal epithelial cells, as well as monkey, rat, guinea pig, and chicken erythrocytes, adsorbed firmly to colonies of mycoplasma pneumoniae and m. gallisepticum. colonies of m. pulmonis also adsorbed erythrocytes but with less avidity than m. pneumoniae or m. gallisepticum; unlike the latter organisms, m. pulmonis did not adsorb tracheal epithelial cells. colonies of m. orale type 1 and m. orale type 3 adsorbed only chicken red cells. other mycoplasma species tested, i ... | 1968 | 4183967 |
| prophylaxis of influenza b with uk 2054. | | 1969 | 4185593 |
| antigenic variants of influenza b virus. | from 1967 to 1971 little antigenic variation was detected in the prevalent influenza b viruses but in december 1972 a new antigenic variant of influenza b was isolated in hong kong from sporadic cases of influenza. the new variant, b/hong kong/5/72, possessed a haemagglutinin antigen which showed considerable antigenic differences from that of former influenza b strains while its neuraminidase antigen was closely related to that of the earlier, 1967-71, isolates. the b/hong kong/5/72 variant bec ... | 1973 | 4201694 |
| [studies of the antigenic structure and biological properties of influenza b virus]. | | 1973 | 4204765 |
| serological studies with purified neuraminidase antigens of influenza b viruses. | neuraminidase (n) can be extracted from virus particles of influenza b strains by treatment with trypsin, in a form which is free from the viral ha and has specific immunological activity. the n antigen of b/lee/40 behaves differently from that of 1965-6 strains in gel diffusion and enzyme inhibition tests with animal antisera raised by infection or by artificial immunization with the homologous or heterologous strains. the frequency and titres of ni antibody detected in human sera by b/lee anti ... | 1974 | 4206835 |
| in vitro effect of 1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (virazole, icn 1229) on deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses. | virazole (1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide) is a highly soluble new synthetic nucleoside having significant, reproducible activity against a broad spectrum of deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid viruses in vitro. the drug inhibited viral cytopathogenic effects in monolayers of cells infected for 3 days with type 3 adeno, types 1 and 2 herpes, myxoma, cytomegalo, vaccinia, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, types 1a, 2, 8, 13, and 56 rhino, types 1 and 3 parainfluenza, v ... | 1973 | 4208281 |
| clinical and laboratory studies on haemorrhagic fever in burma, 1970-72. | this three-year serologic study of 2 060 children with a clinical diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever, who were admitted to the children's hospital and other hospitals in rangoon, has shown that the etiology of the illness was multiple. of all these patients, 347 (16.8%) had a dengue infection (96 with primary and 251 with secondary dengue infections), 510 (24.7%) had chikungunya infections, 55 (2.7%) had simultaneous chikungunya and dengue, 263 (12.8%) had influenza a infections, 62 (3.0%) had infl ... | 1974 | 4282477 |
| surveys of respiratory virus antibodies in an arctic indian population. | a study was undertaken to determine the etiological agents responsible for epidemics in a small and relatively isolated arctic community.three serological surveys were carried out over a four-year period employing complement fixation tests. clinical information from the resident nurse was also available.the results indicated that of the two clinical epidemics of "influenza" which occurred during the period of study one was due to influenza virus type a; the other was unidentified. however, influ ... | 1965 | 4284108 |
| myxovirus dissemination by air. | myxoviruses including 150 strains of parainfluenza 1, 15 of parainfluenza 3 and five of influenza b virus were isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions obtained from 300 children less than 3 years of age who developed acute laryngotracheobronchitis during the preceding 48 hours. the patients were examined between october 1966 and january 1967, the peak monthly rate of virus isolation (67%) occurring during january. parainfluenza 1 virus was isolated from air obtained in the vicinity of one of 30 ... | 1967 | 4290621 |
| viral oncolysis: increased immunogenicity of host cell antigen associated with influenza virus. | a2g mice could be solidly immunized against the ehrlich ascites tumor by single intraperitoneal injections of homogenized and lyophilized tumor cells which had been infected with oncolytic strains of influenza a virus. similar homogenates from noninfected tumor cells were not immunogenic, even when mixed with egg-grown virus. the immunizing principle in viral oncolysates could not be separated from the oncolytic virus by differential centrifugation or adsorption to and elution from red cells. it ... | 1967 | 4290961 |
| encephalopathy and fatty degeneration of the viscera in childhood: ii. report of a case with isolation of influenza b virus. | | 1968 | 4300792 |
| susceptibility of the domestic pig to influenza b virus. | | 1969 | 4304929 |
| substiuted sialic acid prosthetic groups as determinants of viral hemagglutination. | inhibitors of hemagglutination by type a2 influenza virus and a recently isolated strain of type b influenza virus were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and agarose gel filtration from horse serum. using selected reagents, it was demonstrated that the active substituent on the horse serum inhibitor of a2 influenza virus was 4-o-acetyl-n-acetylneuraminic acid; however, the active substituent on the inhibitor of the influenza b virus was shown to be n-acetylneuraminic acid (nan ... | 1969 | 4306720 |
| the association of viruses with clinical pertussis. | this study describes the results of attempts to grow viruses from per-nasal swabs taken from 136 children with clinical pertussis.altogether 37 strains of a variety of different viruses were isolated. adenovirus was the most frequent, making up 30% of the total. besides these, herpes simplex, measles, influenza a2, influenza b, mumps, poliovirus and respiratory syncytial virus were detected.bordetella pertussis was isolated from 22% of the cases.it appears that a pertussis-like syndrome can be c ... | 1971 | 4328794 |
| polypeptide composition of influenza b viruses and enzymes associated with the purified virus particles. | influenza b/lee/40, b/rome/1/67, b/hong kong/8/73, and b/victoria/98926/70 viruses have a similar polypeptide composition as analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. these viruses are composed of six or seven polypeptides, depending on whether one or two high-molecular-weight polypeptides are resolved, ranging in molecular weights from 27,000 to 90,400. three of these polypeptides, namely the heavy and light hemagglutinin chains and the neuraminidase, have attached ... | 1973 | 4359955 |
| in vitro antiviral activity and preliminary clinical trials of a new adamantane compound. | a compound, 1'-methyl spiro (adamantane-2,3'-pyrrolidine) maleate, chemically related to the antiviral drug amantadine, was tested for activity in vitro against a number of human respiratory viruses. by a variety of techniques, it was shown to be active against a wide range of human and animal influenza a viruses. the effect was, however, variable and ranged from high activity against two 1957 asian strains to no observable activity against a 1971 strain. like amantadine, the drug did not inhibi ... | 1973 | 4364762 |
| comparison of immunofluorescence and isolation techniques in the diagnosis of respiratory viral infections of children. | the immunoflourescent antibody technique (ifat) and cell culture isolation procedures were compared for their efficiency in the etiological diagnosis of viral respiratory illness in children. before the ifat was incorporated as a routine procedure, antisera used in the test were carefully calibrated to insure specificity. a study was then conducted in which 375 nasopharyngeal suctions were investigated by both ifat and isolation for the presence of parainfluenza virus types 1, 2, and 3, respirat ... | 1974 | 4367119 |
| a seven-year study of who virus laboratory reports on respiratory viruses. | in 1963 the world health organization established a system for the collection and distribution of information on viruses. by 1973 laboratories in 45 countries were participating in this scheme. the present study is an analysis of the reports on adenovirus, influenza viruses a, b, and c, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial (rs) virus, rhinovirus, and mycoplasma pneumoniae during 1967-73. in the northern hemisphere, from which over 95% of the reports were received, a clear pattern of the se ... | 1974 | 4377240 |
| analysis of antigenic and biological properties of influenza b virus strains, isolated in leningrad in 1955-1967. | | 1971 | 4400426 |
| [antigenic characterization of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase in strains of influenza b virus isolated in italy in the years 1962, 1967 and 1971]. | | 1974 | 4425573 |
| [editorial: influenza b]. | | 1974 | 4446548 |
| [identification of yamagata strain of influenza b virus]. | | 1974 | 4446561 |
| antibody responses and resistance to challenge in volunteers vaccinated with live attenuated, detergent split and oil adjuvant a2-hong kong-68 (h 3 n 2 ) influenza vaccines. a report to the medical research council committee on influenza and other respiratory virus vaccines. | forty-nine subjects were vaccinated with either live attenuated, detergent split, or oil adjuvant a2/hong kong influenza vaccines, or a saline influenza b vaccine as control. respiratory symptoms occurred more frequently in subjects who received the live vaccine but in total there was little difference between the symptoms in the four groups. antibody titres in nasal washings and serum were measured by haemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition and virus neutralization tests. the oil ... | 1972 | 4506997 |
| the role of serum haemagglutination-inhibiting antibody in protection against challenge infection with influenza a2 and b viruses. | the intranasal inoculation of volunteers with living partially attenuated strains of influenza a and b viruses offers a new opportunity to determine the protective effect of serum haemagglutin-inhibiting antibody against a strictly homologous virus, under conditions where the time and dosage of the infective challenge can be controlled, the scoring of proven infections can be more precise and higher rates of infection can be achieved than in most natural epidemics.in 1032 adult volunteers, whose ... | 1972 | 4509641 |
| the sequential appearance of antibody and immunoglobins in nasal secretion after immunization of volunteers with live and inactivated influenza b virus vaccines. | the sequential development of the immune response in nasal washings was studied in 54 volunteers immunized with either attenuated or inactivated influenza b/eng/13/65 virus vaccines.eleven of the 15 volunteers given the inactivated vaccine by deep subcutaneous inoculation showed no rise in nasal wash protein or immunoglobins due to the immunization procedure nor was specific neutralizing antibody detected in their nasal washings after immunization. neutralizing antibody was detected in nasal was ... | 1973 | 4518342 |