| application of an improved single-radial-immunodiffusion technique for the assay of haemagglutinin antigen content of whole virus and subunit influenza vaccines. | an improved single-radial-diffusion technique for the assay of influenza haemagglutinin antigen is described. the modified method enables the results of assays of antigen to be obtained more rapidly and with greater precision than previously. the use of immunoplates containing varied, preselected concentrations of antihaemagglutinin antibody allows accurate assays to be performed over a wide range of antigen concentration. in tests on "whole virus" antigen preparations it was found that the rati ... | 1977 | 414951 |
| single-radial-complement-fixation: a new immunodiffusion technique. 2. assay of the antibody response to the internal antigens (mp and np) of influenza a virus in human sera after vaccination and infection. | this new immunodiffusion method involves the incorporation of antigen and complement in a primary agarose gel. heat-inactivated serum samples are filled into wells and allowed to diffuse radially overnight at 4 degrees c. a secondary gel, containing antibody-coated sheep erythrocytes, is layered on top of the first gel and the system is incubated for 45 min at 37 degrees c. where complement is fixed, i.e. around wells with positive serum samples, zones of unlysed indicator cells appear. otherwis ... | 1977 | 414952 |
| evaluation of commercially prepared vaccines for experimentally induced type a/new jersey/8/76 influenza virus infections in mice and squirrel monkeys. | mice and squirrel monkeys were vaccinated and subsequently challenged at selected times to evaluate the immunoprophylactic value of vaccines against influenza virus type a/new jersey/76. mice were challenged with virulent, homologous virus either 17 or 60 days after vaccination with 80 chick cell-agglutinating (cca) units of whole-virus vaccine. vaccinated mice showed minimal lesions and virus in lung tissue and had lower lung weights than unvaccinated controls. these mice had titers of hemagglu ... | 1977 | 415092 |
| the diversity of the influenza-specific primary b-cell repertoire in balb/c mice. | the primary immune response of balb/c mice to influenza (pr8) hemagglutinin (ha), a complex protein antigen, has been examined by the splenic focus assay, and the resulting monoclonal anti-ha antibodies have been characterized by their reactivity with heterologous viruses. the analysis of the primary b-cell response to ha revealed marked differences from responses previously defined for haptenic determinants. there were following differences: (a) the frequency of ha-specific b cells in both conv ... | 1978 | 416167 |
| activity of amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin against swine influenza in mice and squirrel monkeys. | amantadine, rimantadine, and ribavirin given orally, either prophylactically or therapeutically, reduced mortality and increased the survival time of 3-week-old mice infected with the type a/new jersey/8/76 (swine) strain of influenza virus. in addition, amantadine and rimantadine, administered therapeutically, increased the rate of virus clearance from lungs of infected mice. administration of amantadine either before or after virus challenge ameliorated the illness in squirrel monkeys; when ad ... | 1978 | 417672 |
| the effect of formaldehyde treatment of influenza virus on the assay of its haemagglutinin antigen content by the single-radial-immunodiffusion (srd) technique. | | 1978 | 418072 |
| [electrocardiographic findings during and following influenza a infection]. | | 1979 | 418910 |
| effect of rimantadine on influenza virus replication. | | 1979 | 419153 |
| host-dependent restriction of influenza virus maturation. | | 1979 | 419687 |
| a hong kong influenza hemagglutinin light chain: the amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragments cn3 and cn4 and the n-terminal 45 residues. | | 1979 | 419693 |
| [laboratory studies of an epidemic outbreak caused by influenza a1 viruses]. | virological and serological studies of an epidemic influenza outbreak in december, 1977, carried out in the clinical department of d. i. ivanovsky institute of virology of the ussr ams established the disease to have been caused by influenza al viruses. the marked incidence of the disease among younger age groups was due to a low humoral immunity level to the strains which had circulated before the young people's birth. the reduced effectiveness of protection by antibody against viruses which ha ... | 1979 | 419738 |
| [role of cellular organelles in the reproduction of the influenza virus]. | virus-cell interaction may result in changes of both cell population and the original properties of the persisting virus. the elucidation of infectious rna localization is of undoubtful interest in the light of the investigation of the mechanism of chronic influenza infection. the studies were aimed at comparing chronic and acute infections on the model of influenza virus. particularly important were the studies on comparative distribution of the virus infectious activity among cell organoids. t ... | 1979 | 419742 |
| [effect of alpha-methyl-l-adamantane methylamine hydrochloride (remantadine) on polypeptide formation in an influenza virus a-infected cell culture]. | | 1979 | 419744 |
| [return of the influenza a-prime virus and the problem of the origin of pandemic strains]. | | 1979 | 419745 |
| [anti-infective activity of anti-influenza antibodies from human colostrum]. | antibodies against influenza virus of a, b serological types and pc-virus were detected in the colostrum collected after an epidemic. these antibodies belonged to the secretory iga form. the secretory antibodies preparation made of colostrum, and its iga fraction instilled intransally to mice and rats prevented the development of infection caused by 100--10 id50/0.1 ml of the influenza a virus. the protective action of the antibodies of iga class was due to its capacity to become fixed on the su ... | 1979 | 419910 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza a virus: evaluation of the a/victoria/75-ts-1a2 temperature-sensitive recombinant virus in seronegative adult volunteers. | an influenza a virus recombinant bearing the surface antigens of the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) strain and the two ts genes of the a/udorn/72-ts-1a2 virus was evaluated for attenuation, antigenicity, and protective effect in 42 doubly seronegative adult volunteers (i.e., individuals who lacked detectable serum antibodies for the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens). this recombinant, which had a 37 degrees c shutoff temperature for plaque formation and ts mutations on the genes thought to code ... | 1979 | 422239 |
| cold-adapted variants of influenza a virus: evaluation in adult seronegative volunteers of a/scotland/840/74 and a/victoria/3/75 cold-adapted recombinants derived from the cold-adapted a/ann arbor/6/60 strain. | influenza a/scotland/74 (h3n2) and a/victoria/75 (h3n2) cold-adapted (ca) recombinant viruses, prepared by mating the a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) ca donor virus and influenza a wild-type virus, were evaluated in adult seronegative volunteers (serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titer, </=1:8) for level of attenuation, antigenicity, and genetic stability of the temperature-sensitive and ca phenotypes. at 10(7.0) to 10(7.5) 50% tissue culture infective doses the a/scotland/74 and a/victoria/75 ... | 1979 | 422240 |
| influenza 1978. | during january and february 1978, an outbreak of respiratory infection occurred at fort sam houston, texas. both influenza a/texas and a/ussr were isolated in the hospitalized patients. two different strains of influenza a have not previously been documented during a single outbreak. this raises the possibility of recombination with emergence of a new antigenic strain. | 1979 | 424791 |
| susceptibility of irradiated mice to inoculation with two influenza virus strains. | | 1979 | 425315 |
| genetic recombination between two strains of fowl plague virus: construction of genetic maps. | | 1979 | 425321 |
| temperature-sensitive mutants of fowl plague virus: isolation and genetic characterization. | | 1979 | 425322 |
| [influenza of type b and a (h1 n1) in patients of different age and its laboratory diagnosis (1971-1978)]. | | 1979 | 425453 |
| persistence of influenza serum antibodies in humans following immunization with a bivalent a/victoria and a/new jersey vaccine. | the persistence of serum antibodies 1 year after immunization with a bivalent vaccine containing recombinant viruses that were antigenically identical with a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) and a/new jersey/8/76 (hsw1n1) viruses was measured in 128 persons aged 18 to 65 years. serum samples were tested with the hemagglutination inhibition assay against the two vaccine antigens and against a/texas/1/77 (h3n2) and a/ussr/90/77 (h1n1) viruses. prior to vaccination 56% and 79% of the participants had been foun ... | 1979 | 427686 |
| outbreak of influenza a/victoria/3/75 infection in a probationer nurses school. | | 1979 | 429025 |
| influenza virus: appearance of high mouse-neurovirulent recombinants. | recombinants from two influenza a strains that lacked mouse neurovirulence were tested, along with their parent strains, for mouse neurovirulence and for the ability to propagate in dissociated mouse embryo brain cells. the parents used were (i) strain a/rostock/34 (fpv) (hav1n1), with a high chicken neurovirulence, and (ii) the mouse-lung-adapted human strain engl/1/61 (h2n2), lacking neurovirulence. in some of the recombinants high mouse neurovirulence could be detected after intracerebral ino ... | 1979 | 429139 |
| water-bone transmission of influenza a viruses? | the isolation of influenza a viruses from unconcentrated lake water and from fecal samples on the shore of these lakes is reported for the first time. influenza a viruses, representative of most of the major antigenic subtypes, co-circulate in ducks on the lakes. | 1979 | 429143 |
| genetically determined, interferon-dependent resistance to influenza virus in mice. | the genetically determined resistance towards orthomyxoviruses exhibited by mice homozygous (a2g) or heterozygous (a2g x a/j) for the gene mx was abolished or greatly diminished by treatment with anti-interferon globulin (aif). aif induced increased susceptibility to challenge with hepatotropic, neurotropic, and pneumotropic strains of influenza a virus. hepatotropic virus titers in blood and livers of aif-treated, mx-bearing mice were higher by a factor of 10(3)--10(6) than those in untreated m ... | 1979 | 429960 |
| productive influenza virus infection of synchronized chick embryo fibroblast cells. | the effects of cell metabolic activity on the outcome of influenza virus infection were studied in partially synchronized chick embryo fibroblast cultures. there was no evidence to show that the time in the cell cycle at which cells were infected had any significant effect on the final virus yield. however, some differences were detected in the length of the latent period between infections established in synchronized or in stationary cells. influenza virus could replicate in synchronized or nor ... | 1979 | 430030 |
| influenza b virus genome: assignment of viral polypeptides to rna segments. | it was shown that all eight rna segments of influenza b viruses are most likely monocistronic and code for eight virus-specific polypeptides. a genetic map of the influenza b virus genome was established, and six polypeptides (p1 protein, nucleoprotein, hemagglutinin, neuraminidase, m protein, and nonstructural protein) were unambiguously assigned to specific rna segments. molecular weight estimates of the eight individual genes are obtained by using the glyoxal method. these results suggest tha ... | 1979 | 430594 |
| nuclear accumulation of influenza viral rna transcripts and the effects of cycloheximide, actinomycin d, and alpha-amanitin. | the use of virus-specific (32)p-labeled complementary dna and (125)i-labeled virion rna as hybridization probes has allowed us to quantitate the number of molecules of complementary rna (crna) and progeny virion rna in mdck cells infected with influenza virus. we compared the distribution of crna between the nucleus and the cytoplasm in cycloheximide-treated cells to that found in untreated cells, beginning 1 h after infection. a greater percentage of the total crna was detected in the nucleus o ... | 1979 | 430609 |
| more viruses keep company with reye's. | | 1979 | 430785 |
| influenza virus infection of the guinea pig: immune response and resistance. | guinea pigs were inoculated by intranasal inoculation with unadapted, influenza virus a/england/42/72, and virus was recovered from nasal washings between 3 and 10 days post-inoculation. infected animals did not exhibit a febrile response to infection, did not produce local antibody and produced only relatively low levels of serum antibody. however, they developed delayed-type hypersensitivity to influenza virus, demonstrable by both skin tests and macrophage migration inhibition tests, which wa ... | 1979 | 431488 |
| a mutant of influenza virus with a temperature-sensitive defect in the posttranslational processing of the hemagglutinin. | | 1979 | 433150 |
| [comparative characteristics of the peptide maps of the major proteins of influenza viruses type a]. | a comparative study of peptide maps of major proteins of hemagglutinin, nucleoprotein, membrane of influenza a virus strains a/ws/33, a/fm/1/47, a/singapore/1/57, a/ussr/090/77, a/port chalmers/1/73 (mrc-11), was carried out. the greatest differences were observed in the peptide maps of heavy and light chains of hemagglutinin of different serotypes. the peptide maps of nucleoprotein and membrane were more similar. the a/ussr/090/77 strain by peptide maps was close to but not identical with the a ... | 1979 | 433239 |
| legionnaires' disease in pneumonia patients in iowa. a retrospective seroepidemiologic study, 1972-1977. | the frequency of legionnaires' disease among 586 cases of pneumonia that occurred in iowa between fiscal years 1972 and 1977 was studied retrospectively on the basis of paired sera. the frequency of confirmed legionnaires' disease was 4.1% and of presumptive legionnaires' disease was 11.4%. infections with the legionnaires' disease (ld) bacterium were most frequent in the summer. of the 22% of pneumonias for which a cause could be defined, legionnaires' disease was third in frequency behind myco ... | 1979 | 434644 |
| [association of influenza virus ribonucleoproteins with nuclear chromatin in infected cells]. | | 1979 | 436577 |
| isolation of h1n1 influenza virus in munich. | during an outbreak of a mild upper respiratory tract infection in a university children's hospital in munich, an h1n1 influenza virus was isolated. serological analysis of the isolate showed that antigenically the virus resembled the ussr/90/77 strain of influenza a virus which has been isolated in many parts of the world during the last two years. | 1979 | 437895 |
| participation of senior citizens in the swine flu inoculation program: an analysis of health belief model variables in preventive health behavior. | evidence is presented of statistically significant and strong relationships between swine flu inoculation status and nine variables in the reformulated health belief model with 122 randomly selected subjects, primarily black and portuguese-american, who are active members of two providence, rhode island senior centers. no statistically significant relationship was discovered between inoculation status and previously having had the flu. the variables which were found related are: efficacy, safety ... | 1979 | 438474 |
| epidemiology of influenza in lower saxony during the period 1968-1978 with particular emphasis on subtypes a(h3n2) and a(h1n1) in winter 1977-78. | the influenza surveillance in lower saxony is based mainly on laboratory investigations, and especially those which involve the isolation of influenza viruses throughout the year. these investigations have provided information on the circulation of influenza viruses and of the antigenic drift during the hong kong period which resulted in many different variants. since the advent of the hong kong virus subtype, a high excess mortality was observed only in the winter of 1969-70. in most of the oth ... | 1979 | 440200 |
| analysis of the inhibitory effect of canavanine on the replication of influenza ri/5+ virus. i. inhibition of assembly of rnp. | | 1979 | 442528 |
| a hong kong influenza hemagglutinin light chain: amino acid sequence of cyanogen bromide fragment cn2. | | 1979 | 442536 |
| polypeptides specified by the influenza virus genome. 3. control of synthesis in infected cells. | | 1979 | 442539 |
| the structure of the hemagglutinin, a determinant for the pathogenicity of influenza viruses. | | 1979 | 442540 |
| nonrandom association of parental genes in influenza a virus recombinants. | | 1979 | 442543 |
| host cell- and virus strain-dependent differences in oligosaccharides of hemagglutinin glycoproteins of influenza a viruses. | | 1979 | 442545 |
| influenza a and b virus infection in infants and young children during the years 1957-1976. | influenza a virus activity was demonstrated in infants and young children from metropolitan washington, dc during each of 19 successive august-july respiratory disease years, and during 17 of these years at least 2% of hospitalized respiratory disease patients yielded an influenza a or b virus and/or showed an influenza a or b serum complement-fixing (cf) antibody response. between october 1957 and july 1976, 14.3% of 860 croup patients and 5.3% of a total of 5655 hospitalized respiratory patien ... | 1979 | 443244 |
| immunogenicity and adverse reactions of a/swine, a/victoria whole-virus influenza vaccine in high-risk children. | | 1979 | 445318 |
| the rapid determination of binding constants for antiviral antibodies by a radioimmunoassay. an analysis of the interaction between hybridoma proteins and influenza virus. | | 1979 | 447371 |
| antibody responses to vaccination with wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine in previously vaccinated and unvaccinated volunteers. | intranasal vaccination with a single 0.5 ml dose of 10(7.0) eid 50 wrl 105 strain live influenza vaccine elicited four-fold or greater increases in circulating homotypic haemagglutinating inhibiting (hai) antibody in 60 (64.5%) of 93 volunteers, or in 58 (74.4%) of 78 volunteers with hai antibody titres before vaccination of less than or equal to 1/20. in comparison, in a group of volunteers vaccinated 9 months previously re-vaccination elicited antibody responses in only 4 (6.9%) of 58 voluntee ... | 1979 | 448065 |
| virus-induced interferon production by human macrophages. | | 1979 | 448153 |
| origin of small rna in von magnus particles of influenza virus. | a clone of recombinant virus obtained from the cross between wsn and hong kong strains of influenza virus gave rise to progeny containing predominantly von magnus particles. in the electropherogram of virus rna, the p3 gene was markedly diminished, and a new species of rna (extra rna) was present in addition to eight gene segments. the origin of the extra rna was studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of t1 rnase-generated oligonucleotides. four out of five large oligonucleotide spots pr ... | 1979 | 448797 |
| carbohydrate components of influenza c virions. | the carbohydrate components of influenza c virions grown in chicken kidney (ck) cells were analyzed by gel filtration following exhaustive digestion with pronase. the [(3)h]glucosamine-labeled glycopeptides were larger and more heterogeneous than those of influenza a/wsn virions; three major size classes (g(1), g(2), and g(3)) were resolved. treatment with vibrio cholerae neuraminidase caused a decrease in size of g(1) and g(2), along with release of about 16% of the (3)h label. the released sug ... | 1979 | 448803 |
| [spontaneous splenic rupture in influenza]. | | 1979 | 450447 |
| the genes coding for the surface glycoproteins of influenza a viruses contain a small conserved and a large variable region. | | 1979 | 452416 |
| [local and systemic immunity and the epidemiological effectiveness under various conditions of live influenza vaccine application]. | | 1979 | 452777 |
| influenza surveillance by age and target group. | surveillance for influenza virus infections began in mid-1976, continued through three small influenza a outbreaks (mixed a/victoria and a/texas outbreaks in spring, 1977, and winter, 1977-1978 and an a/ussr outbreak peaking in march, 1978). nasopharyngeal specimens were collected for virus isolation from febrile respiratory disease patients coming from four sources: 1) the sunday walk-in clinic of the group health cooperative of puget sound; 2) 200 families under continuous surveillance for res ... | 1979 | 453178 |
| further thoughts on swine flu immunization. | | 1979 | 453419 |
| [influenza a antibodies in deer and elk]. | | 1979 | 456285 |
| suppression of tuberculin hypersensitivity during influenza infection in mice. | tuberculin hypersensitivity was examined during acute influenza infection in mice. employing the footpad test as a measure of delayed-type hypersensitivity, it was noted that tuberculin hypersensitivity was suppressed temporarily beginning on day 3 and continuing through days 10 to 16 following intranasal infection with influenza a/pr8. these changes occurred at a time when influenza virus was replicating in lung tissue. suppression of footpad swelling was not detected when mice were administere ... | 1979 | 457284 |
| epidemic mechanisms of type a influenza. | the antigenic varieties of influenza a virus isolated from 1968 to 1976 in a surveillance of a small, rather remote population were similar to those from england and wales as a whole, despite frequent antigenic changes during the period. household studies in the first two h3n2 influenza a epidemics found low attack rates within households, a high proportion (70%) of affected households with only one case of influenza, similar distributions of affected households in the two epidemics by the numbe ... | 1979 | 458138 |
| the effect of long-term exposure to cigarette smoke on the height and specificity of the secondary immune response to influenza virus in a murine model system. | the effect of long-term exposure to cigarette smoke on the height and specificity of the secondary humoral immune response to influenza was investigated in a murine model system. it was shown that if mice were pre-immunized with a sub-lethal infection of influenza virus and then exposed to cigarette smoke daily for 36 weeks, they were able to mount a secondary immune response of normal height on subsequent challenge with the homologous virus strain. the response however, was less specific than t ... | 1979 | 458141 |
| pulmonary and systemic defenses against challenge with staphylococcus aureus in mice with pneumonia due to influenza a virus. | pulmonary and systemic defenses against hematogenous challenge with 32p-labeled staphylococcus aureus were measured 10 min, 8 hr, and 24 hr after intravenous injection of the bacteria in a mouse model of influenza virus pneumonia. infection with influenza a virus did not alter bactericidal defenses in the liver and spleen, but pulmonary bactericidal activity measured 24 hr after infection was suppressed in virus-infected animals; 20% +/- 3% of the initially injected, viable bacteria were recover ... | 1979 | 458195 |
| [sorption activity of cations exchange resins of home production relative to influenza a[h3n2] virus port-chalmers strain]. | | 1979 | 459957 |
| genetic approaches to control of influenza. | | 1979 | 461108 |
| antigenic memory to influenza a viruses in man determined by monovalent vaccines. | this study was conducted to test the limits of the doctrine of 'original antigenic sin' in influenza a. the design included use of zonal purified 1000 cca (chick cell agglutinating) units monovalent vaccines consisting of h0n1, h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2. age cohorts with different primary influenza a infections were established for the 687 volunteers. the vaccines administered to each age cohort were selected to test the responsiveness of original antigenic sin antibody to homologous and heterologous ... | 1979 | 461278 |
| influenza in a geriatric unit. | an outbreak of influenza a (resembling a/victoria/3/75) occurred in 2 geriatric wards in february 1976 and, out of 19 patients, 3 died. of the patients who were at risk, 30% were affected. immunization for influenza in the elderly just before the winter is suggested. the procedure is simple and inexpensive. the recommendations of the dhss (u.k.) for the use of influenza vaccine to practising doctors is, therefore, welcome. the suitable treatment appears to be that of repeated immunization with i ... | 1979 | 461281 |
| augmentation of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) antibodies in gilts of breeding age by large dosages of human a/new jersey/76 influenza vaccine. | fifteen gilts of breeding age were studied. four received three 4 ml. doses three weeks apart of an experimental killed swine influenza vaccine containing a/swine/ill/65 antigen, four received three ml. doses three weeks apart of a human influenza vaccine containing a/new jersey/76 antigen and three received two doses of human influenza vaccine followed by a 3 ml. third dose of experimental swine influenza vaccine. all except one vaccinate responded to two doses of vaccine by the time of the th ... | 1979 | 461965 |
| influenza hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in hospitalized children. distribution of specific activity into igm, igg and iga classes. | sera from 75 children hospitalized with a clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory virus disease were tested by hemagglutination-inhibition as regards influenza a2 and b antibody shifts. in 48 patients there was an antibody shift during the clinical evolution of the disease (against influenza a2 in 34, b-- in 11, a2 and b in 3cases). a significant proportion of sera with antibody shift associated with a decrease of serum igg levels and with an increase of serum igm and iga levels. | 1979 | 462793 |
| in vitro synthesis, glycosylation, and membrane insertion of influenza virus haemagglutinin. | | 1979 | 462798 |
| correlation of pathogenicity and gene constellation of influenza a viruses. ii. highly neurovirulent recombinants derived from non-neurovirulent or weakly neurovirulent parent virus strains. | | 1979 | 462800 |
| [analysis of the rna in different strains of the influenza a virus]. | the degree of affinity of influenza a/wsn/33 and a/singapore/57 virus genomes was studied by the method of molecular hybridization which showed the presence in their genomes of 54--57% of analogous sequences. the electrophoretic analysis of rna--rna hybrids formed in hybridization of both homologous and heterologous virion and virus-induced rnas of influenza viruses revealed significant differences in base sequences of the iv, v, and viii fragments of influenza a/wsn/33 virus rna and the corresp ... | 1979 | 462921 |
| [structure of the genomes of recombinant strains of influenza a viruses with various antigenic and biological properties]. | genomes of influenza a/wsn/33, a/singapore/57 and recombinant x-7 and x-9 viruses were studied by the method of molecular hybridization followed by electrophoretic separation of rna-duplexes in polyacrylamide gel. the genome of the recombinant x-7 influenza virus strain was found to contain fragments v and vii of rna corresponding to fragments of a/singapore/57 rna, whereas fragments iii, iv, and viii were derived from influenza a/wsn/33 virus. recombinant x-9 had fragments iii, iv, and vii of r ... | 1979 | 462922 |
| [ribonucleic acids and proteins of influenza a/ussr/90/77 viruses]. | the "return" of influenza a (hini) virus after 20 years of absence raised the question of the sources and mechanisms of emergence of epidemic influenza viruses and, particularly, of a new hini virus (a/ussr/90/77). two alternative hypotheses answer this question differently: the new hini virus is the progeny of old hini viruses retained in the human population or is a newly arising recombinant between numerous human and animal influenza viruses circulation in the biosphere. for the acceptance of ... | 1979 | 462923 |
| [analysis of the nature of virus-associated dna in the influenza virus]. | dna sequences comprising about 5% of virus rna were found to be present in nucleoids of influenza virus grown in chick embryos. dna was found in two influenza virus strains under study belonging to different antigenic groups: honi and h3n2. no dna was demonstrated in nucleoids of a paramyxovirus, newcastle disease virus, grown under analogous conditions. the virus-associated dna belongs to unique sequences of cell dna. | 1979 | 462924 |
| [antigenic and biological characteristics of influenza a1 viruses isolated in the 1977 pandemic]. | investigations of the antigenic and biological properties of the causative agents of the 1977 influenza epidemic revealed their appurtenance to the old subtype a1 of influenza virus which had disappeared from circulation 20 years ago. a comparative study of a1 viruses isolated in 1947--1956 and a1/77 established closer relationship of the latter to the causative agents of 1949 and 1950 epidemics. the "old" and newly isolated viruses 4ere also closely related biologically. the similarity of influ ... | 1979 | 462925 |
| [rimantadine as an inhibitor of influenza virus a/675/77 (h1n1) reproduction]. | | 1979 | 462929 |
| immunization of chickens and turkeys against avian influenza with monovalent and polyvalent oil emulsion vaccines. | chickens and turkeys vaccinated with inactivated virus oil-emulsion vaccines containing different concentrations of either 1 (monovalent) or 4 (polyvalent) strains of avian influenza virus (aiv) were challenged-exposed with virulent aiv a/chicken/scotland/59 or a/turkey/ontario/7732/66. four of 6 vaccines protected completely against postexposure mortality. vaccine valency did not alter the serologic and challenge-exposure responses of chickens vaccinated with aiv a/turkey/wisconsin/68, which wa ... | 1979 | 464352 |
| isolation of biologically active components from rabies and other envelope viruses. | most human virus vaccines contain complete virus particles, either inactivated or attenuated. besides components responsible for induction of neutralizing antibodies, other virus components (e.g. nucleic acids, lipids) are also administered upon vaccination. for envelope viruses the (glyco) proteins of the viral envelope are generally involved in the induction of neutralizing antibodies. our investigations are focussed on the large scale preparation of these components from several viruses or vi ... | 1979 | 467803 |
| characterisation of influenza viruses isolated from turkeys in great britain during 1963--1977. | seven influenza viruses isolated from turkeys in great britain since 1963 were typed by haemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition tests as: a/turkey/england/63 (hav 1 nav 3), a/turkey/england/66 (hav 6 n2), a/turkey/england/69 (hav 7 n2), a/turkey/scotland/70 (hav ? neq 1), a/turkey/england/n28/73 (hav 5 n2), a/turkey/england/110/77 (hav 6 n2), a/turkey/england/647/77 /hav 1 neq 1). a/turkey/scotland/70 failed to show a haemagglutinin relationship with any of the representative s ... | 1979 | 472486 |
| comparative studies of wild-type and cold-mutant (temperature-sensitive) influenza viruses: nonrandom reassortment of genes during preparation of live virus vaccine candidates by recombination at 25 degrees between recent h3n2 and h1n1 epidemic strains and cold-adapted a/an arbor/6/60. | | 1979 | 473592 |
| influence of the host cell on proteins synthesized by different strains of influenza virus. | | 1979 | 473602 |
| seroepidemiology of h1n1 influenza: striking differences in the attack rate among young people. | the h1n1 influenza outbreak in winter 1977-78 covered the whole of finland in a uniform fashion, whereas striking differences emerged between various population segments in the susceptible age group. the attack rate was 68 per cent among young servicemen who had been in the armed forces during the epidemic and 33 per cent among those who had entered the service after the epidemic, but only 6 per cent among pregnant women of the same age. based on routine specimens sent to the laboratory for reas ... | 1979 | 474131 |
| studies with live attenuated influenza vaccines. | | 1979 | 474501 |
| ["in vitro" interactions between influenza virus and mouse lung alveolar macrophages (author's transl)]. | interactions between influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h0n1) and balb/c mouse lung alveolar macrophages have been studied in vitro. one day after initiation of alveolar macrophage culture in 35 mm falcon dishes, the virus suspension was allowed to adsorb to the cells for 1 h. detachment of cells from the plastic substrate, morphological changes in adherent cells and decreased phagocytosis of heat-killed candida albicans occured slowly as compared to control cultures. these facts appeared to be directly ... | 1979 | 475216 |
| mechanism and specificity of action of ribavirin. | ribavirin at a concentration of 30 mug/ml added immediately after infection completely inhibited influenza a/port chalmers/1/73 (h(3)n(2)) virus hemagglutinin production in infected mdck cells. under these conditions, host cell protein synthesis was inhibited by only 10 to 20%. polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of [(35)s]methionine-labeled material from virus-infected cultures confirmed that ribavirin inhibited viral but not host cell protein synthesis. in parallel experiments, actinomycin d al ... | 1979 | 475358 |
| cell-mediated immune responses to the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase antigens of influenza a virus after immunization in humans. | humoral and cell-mediated immunity (cmi) were evaluated in groups of school children after immunization with inactivated influenza virus vaccines. a conventional biphasic strain (h3chn2ch) of port chalmers influenza virus (x-41), a recombinant influenza virus specific for the neuraminidase antigen (heq1n2ch) of port chambers influenza a virus (x-42), and a placebo were employed for immunization. the techniques of hemagglutination inhibition and neuraminidase inhibition were used to determine ser ... | 1979 | 478632 |
| infection of chicken erythrocytes with influenza and other viruses. | chicken erythrocytes can be infected by the fowl plague (rostock) strain (fp/r) of influenza type a, newcastle disease virus (ndv), and semliki forest virus (sfv). only ndv and sfv produced infectious progeny, albeit at low levels. infection by fp/r was monitored by de novo synthesis of viral proteins, and the proteins synthesized could be identified by comparison with infected chicken fibroblast cells. fp/r synthesized far greater amounts of viral protein than did ndv or sfv. | 1979 | 478643 |
| clinical studies of monovalent inactivated whole virus and subunit a/ussr/77 (h1n1) vaccine: serological responses and clinical reactions. | | 1979 | 479199 |
| immunization of pregnant women with influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccine: reactogenicity and immunogenicity in mother and infant. | the safety and immunogenicity of inactivated influenza virus vaccines in pregnant women have not been adequately investigated. in this study, 56 women received inactivated influenza a/new jersey/76 virus vaccine during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. no significant immediate reactions or increased fetal complications were associated with administration of the vaccine. the antibody response of the pregnant women to the vaccine was similar to that of nonpregnant adults. forty mother- ... | 1979 | 479636 |
| comparison of responses to influenza a/new jersey/76-a/victoria/75 virus vaccine administered intradermally or subcutaneously to adults with chronic respiratory disease. | serum hai (hemagglutination inhibition) antibody responses were compared in two groups of 70 age-matched patients (age range, 17 to 82 years) who were vaccinated with bivalent influenza a/new jersey/76-a/victoria/75 whole-virus vaccine. the group that was vaccinated intradermally received 40 chick cell-agglutinating units of each viral antigen in 0.1 ml, and the group that was vaccinated subcutaneously received 200 chick cell-agglutinating units of each antigen in 0.5 ml. the serum hai antibody ... | 1979 | 479641 |
| investigation of recombinants of human influenza and fowl plague viruses. | recombinants of human influenza type a viruses, a/krasnodar/101/1959 (h2n2) or a/habarovsk/15/1976 (h3n2), and fowl plague virus (fpv), strain weybridge (hav1neq1) were obtained. the genome of the recombinant obtained by recombination of influenza a/habarovsk/15/1976 virus and fpv contained the genes 4 (ha) and 6 (na) derived from the influenza a/habarovsk virus and all the other genes [1, 2, 3, 5 (np), 7 (m), 8 (ns)] from fpv. the genome of the recombinant of a/krasnodar/101/1959 virus and fpv ... | 1979 | 479841 |
| studies on the mechanism of influenza virus entry into cells. | inhibitors of glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, protein synthesis, membrane na&-k& transport and microfilament and microtubule function have been employed to elucidate the mechanism of influenza virus uptake by cam and cef cells. electron microscopy demonstrated uptake of virus by viropexis in the presence of all these inhibitors. utilizing a pulse labelling technique, virus entering cef cells in the presence of inhibitors was shown to initiate specific virus polypeptide synthesis after neu ... | 1979 | 479843 |
| attenuated influenza produced by experimental intranasal inoculation. | to assess the relative effect of natural versus experimental influenza illness on pulmonary function, we compared 43 normal adults with documented nonpneumonic influenza a infection during three outbreaks, 1974 (a/port chalmers/74), 1975 (a/port chalmers/74), and 1976 (a/victoria/75) to 24 normal volunteers following nasal inoculation with wild-type influenza a/england/42/72, a/scotland/74 or a/victoria/75. in naturally acquired illness, abnormalities in small airway functiion and transiently in ... | 1979 | 479857 |
| the absence of differences in cellular immunity in elderly individuals with and without delayed local cutaneous reactions to influenza vaccine. | two groups of elderly subjects who received bivalent influenza virus vaccine were identified. those in group i manifested marked local reactions, suggestive of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, whereas those in group ii, matched with group i for vaccine preparation, had no cutaneous reactions. in vitro assays of immune function were performed on pairs of subjects from the two groups and included serum immunoglobulin and complement levels, antibody response to vaccine, lymphocyte transformation ... | 1979 | 479858 |
| structure of the membrane protein of influenza virus. i. isolation and characterization of cyanogen bromide cleavage products. | after cleavage of the membrane (m) protein of influenza a/wsn virus by using cyanogen bromide (cnbr), six peptide peaks representing approximate molecular weights of 6,000, 4,000, 2,200, 1,600, 1,200, and 1,000 were resolved by gel filtration on biogel p6. analysis by thin-layer chromatography indicates that the first, second, fourth, and fifth peaks contain single-peptide components, whereas the third and sixth peaks contain more than one peptide. by using whatman cm52 ion-exchange chromatograp ... | 1979 | 480465 |
| hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in vaccinated children with renal disease. | one year after immunization with a single 0.5-ml dose of influenza virus vaccine, serum samples from 30 children with renal diseases were tested for serum hemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) antibody titers to a/new jersey/76, a/victoria/75, and a/ussr/77. eleven unvaccinated children with renal diseases formed a comparison group. in contrast to the comparison group (0/11), 53% (16/30) of the vaccinated group had a protective level of serum hi titers (greater than or equal 1:40) against a/new jers ... | 1979 | 480601 |
| [sorbtion of influenza virus a/port chalmers/1/73 (h3n2) on soviet-produced anionites]. | | 1979 | 481270 |
| [serological examination of poultry for the presence of antibodies to the influenza viruses]. | | 1979 | 483566 |
| transcription and replication of influenza virus rna. | | 1979 | 483570 |
| [experience in selecting safe heat-sensitive influenza virus a recombinants]. | conditions for genetic recombination and laboratory testing of influenza a virus for rapid production of safe vaccine strains needed in human vaccination were developed. the best donors of attenuation were found to include limitingly attenuated outdated vaccine strains adapted to low temperature and having important differentiating features such as thermosensitivity and reduced optimal temperature of neuraminidase activity. trials in volunteers of a large collection of recombinants produced by r ... | 1979 | 483771 |