| proceedings: the relationship between measles virus-specific antibodies and oligoclonal igg in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with multiple sclerosis. | | 1975 | 1169717 |
| [chromosome breaks and changes in the mitotic regime of human and animal cells under the influence of a measles virus vaccinal strain (l-16)]. | the vaccine strain of the leningrad-16 measles virus is capable of inducing lesions in the structure and chromosome quantity and of increasing the frequency of cells with pathologic mitosis in human fibroblast embryo culture. the measles virus produced the same effect on genetic structures in marrow cells and testicles of infected mice. no increase of cell frequency with chromosome lesions was observed in the healthy children immunized against measles. | 1975 | 1170661 |
| immunologic injury in measles virus infection. ii. suppression of immune injury through antigenic modulation. | upon the addition of antibody to measles virus, measles virus antigens expressed on the surface of infected cells can be modulated from the cell's membrane in vitro. removal of measles virus antigens from the surface of cells occurs relatively rapidly and is accompanied by a parallel reduction in the ability of antibody and complement to lyse these cells. modulation of surface viral antigens can occur in the absence of cap formation and is fully reversible once measles virus antibodies are remov ... | 1975 | 1176889 |
| [reaction to vaccination and measles antibody levels in children inoculated with vaccine prepared from the l-16 strain from japanese quail embryonic fibroblast cultures]. | | 1975 | 1178922 |
| subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe): isolation of a defective variant of measles virus from brain obtained at autopsy. | a cytopathic agent causing formation of syncytial giant cells was isolated by co-cultivation of human embryonic lung cells with brain cells obtained at autopsy from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. measles specific intracellular immunofluorescence was detected in syncytial giant cells developed by the agent. paramyxovirus-like nucleocapsids were observed by electron microscopy in nuclei of the syncytial giant cells. measles specific immunofluorescence was also detected on the ... | 1975 | 1180868 |
| immune enhancement of the tumorigenicity of hamster brain tumor cells persistently infected with measles virus. | studies were conducted on the tumorigenicity of a hamster brain tumor (hbt) cell line persistently infected with measles virus (mv). this cell population, termed hbt-m, exhibited decreased tumorigenicity in weanling hamsters when implanted intracutaneously. the lowered tumorigenicity of the hbt-m cells could be counteracted by concurrent hydrocortisone treatment restoring the tumor-producing capacity to levels comparable to those of the highly tumorigenic hbt cells. it was also determined that p ... | 1975 | 1184247 |
| measles, mumps and rubella virus vaccines prepared from virus produced by unit process. | | 1975 | 1184596 |
| measles antibodies and immunoglobulins in sera from patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) and from an infected ferret. | cellulose acetate electrophoresis of sera from 2 patients with sspe revealed a slow-moving and a fast-moving gamma-globulin band. the igg fractions from sera were isolated by the combination of starch block electrophoresis, sephadex gel filtration and isoelectric focusing techniques. the purity of each protein was tested by immunoelectrophoresis using a potent goat anti-whole human serum. the isolated igg preparations were tested in hi, cf and n tests against measles virus envelope, measles viru ... | 1975 | 1185233 |
| multiple sclerosis and its etiopathogenesis. | information available about the etiopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is reviewed. it is concluded that multiple sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, which usually has fluctuating manifestations. oligoclonal and individual-specific humoral antibody responses suggest the existence of a continuous antigenic stimulus in the cns tissue, which may vary in intensity from time to time. the best explanation for this antigen suggests, that is has a viral origin, but the available evidence for t ... | 1975 | 1186317 |
| [anatomo-clinical aspects and electrophysiological, immunological and virological correlations in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe)]. | | 1975 | 1188270 |
| thymic dysplasia, persistence of measles virus, and unexpected infant death. | a case of sudden infant death in an 18-month female infant is described which occurred 3 weeks after clinical recovery from a typical attack of measles. at post-mortem examination no obvious cause of death could be found apart from some terminal aspiration of vomit. histologically, the thymus showed selective absence of hassall's corpuscles with a normal number of cortical lymphocytes. there were many atypical lymphocytoid cells in the lymph nodes, spleen, and portal tracts, and measles virus wa ... | 1975 | 1190815 |
| analysis of a measles epidemic; possible role of vaccine failures. | a measles epidemic occurred in the greensville (ont.) unit schools during january and february 1975. there were 47 cases of measles in 403 students: 26 (55%) of the children had a history of being vaccinated and 18 (38%) had not been vaccinated. among children known to have been vaccinated at less than 1 year of age 7 of 13 contracted measles, while among the 48 children who had not been vaccinated 18 contracted measles. the attack rate among vaccinees increased with increasing time since vaccin ... | 1975 | 1192310 |
| experimental measles encephalitis: a genetic analysis. | the encephalitogenic potential of nine temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus was determined in newborn golden syrian hamsters. the parental virus produced acute encephalitis without any prior adaptation. six of the mutants were attenuated, two were virulent, and one was associated with hydrocephalus with acute onset. the attenuated mutants, blocked before measles virus antigen and ribonucleic acid synthesis at 39 c, were all members of one complementation group. the virulent temperature ... | 1975 | 1193715 |
| cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis agent studied in organotypic central nervous system cultures: viral rescue attempts and morphology. | organotypic cultures of hamster cerebellum were exposed to the ip-3-ca cell line , which contains a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis agent. central nervous system (cns) cultures were examined by light and electron microscopy as well as standard virological techniques from 3 to 46 days postinfection. the results indicate that although viral nucleocapsid material was transferred to elements of the cns, cell-free virus could not be detected by virological techniques and by electr ... | 1975 | 1193719 |
| a minimum age for measles vaccine administration to coloured children. | the antibody response to further-attenuated live virus measles vaccine was assessed in 67 coloured children between the ages of 6 and 12 months. children less than 9 months of age were found to have suboptimal seroconversion rates and it is recommended that the routine administration of measles vaccine should be restricted to children over the age of 8 months. high-risk groups and problems of vaccine administration and storage are discussed. | 1975 | 1198225 |
| structural changes in the membrane of vero cells infected with a paramyxovirus. | vero cells productively infected with the halle strain of measles virus have been studied by means of surface replication, freeze-fracturing, and surface labeling with horseradish peroxidase-measles antibody conjugate in order to examine changes in the structure of the cell membrane during viral maturation. early in infection, the surfaces of infected cells are embossed by scattered groups of twisted strands, and diffuse patches of label for viral antigens cover regions marked by these strands. ... | 1975 | 1202014 |
| mycoplasma contamination of membrane associated measles antigens. inability to demonstrate in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to measles. | | 1975 | 1203983 |
| suppression of in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness to purified protein derivative by measles virus. a reexploration of the phenomenon. | | 1975 | 1203986 |
| l-tetramisole. enhancement of human lymphocyte response to antigen. | the anthelminthic drug l-tetramisole enhanced in vitro lymphocyte transformation of normal young adults in the presence of ppd, candida or measles antigen. this enhancement occurred regardless of evident pre-existing immunity to the antigen used. the increase in stimulation obtained by the drug and antigen combined, beyond that by antigen alone, varied between 1-25 and 5-99 for all three antigens in fourteen cell donors. lymphocyte transformation was induced in seven individuals by the drug alon ... | 1975 | 1204256 |
| effect of neonatal thymectomy on experimental subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in adult hamsters. | syrian golden hamsters were thymectomized in the first 48 h of life, raised, and then inoculated intracerebrally with the hbs strain of hamster-adapted subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus when over 12 weeks old. two groups soon become apparent; one group showed progressive neurological susmptoms and the other group remained healthy. the sick hamsters became moribund between days 8 and 17 postinoculation, and they had large amounts of complete virus in their brains, no antibodies to measles ... | 1975 | 1205623 |
| the association between measles and multiple sclerosis. | | 1975 | 1208877 |
| estimation of hemagglutination-inhibition titers. | in the hemagglutination-inhibition test, simple relationships exist between units of hemagglutinating virus and hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers. equations have worked out which allow estimating antibody titers for different virus doses, provided all other parameters are kept constant. they are applicable when the isofixation lines in log-log plots as obtained in box titrations either are positioned at angles of 45degree or deviate from this value. using lower or higher doses of hemag ... | 1975 | 1212097 |
| virological and pathological study of subacute sclerosing pan-encephalitis. | | 1975 | 1213765 |
| characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of measles virus: temperature-shift experiment. | | 1975 | 1214328 |
| relationship between measles virus-specific antibody activities and oligoclonal igg in the central nervous system of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis. | the association between oligoclonal igg and measles virus antibodies present in cerebrospinal fluid samples or extracts of brain materials from 9 patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was studied after electrophoretic separation. in all samples there was a good correlation between presence of bands of igg and occurrence of specific antibody activities. the dominating band of oligoclonal igg appeared in all cases to represent antibodies against the nucleocapsid antigen. bands of oligo ... | 1975 | 1214708 |
| detection of measles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum by a radioimmunoassay. | evidence that different structural components of the measles virus may act as antigens has been provided by the serologic methods of hemagglutination inhibition hemolysin inhibition, and nucleocapsid complement fixation. using radioiodinated measles viral antigens, and immune precipitation assay has been designed that is capable of discriminating among various reactivities to measles viral structural components in serum or cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and of distinguishing whether igg and igm antib ... | 1975 | 1215837 |
| immunological reactions after measles vaccination. | evaluation of immunological reactions after vaccination with attenuated measles virus wasbased on determination of the level of hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) and neutralizing (n) antibodies, their location in basic groups of immunoglobulins, and the degree of blastic transformation induced by phaseolin. the picture of lymphocyte chromosomes of the peripheral blood was also investigated. hi and n antibodies were detected not earlier than on the 14th day after vaccination, reaching a peak on th ... | 1975 | 1217961 |
| [molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus]. | | 1975 | 1219594 |
| [efficacy of specific prophylaxis against measles]. | | 1975 | 1220365 |
| revaccination against measles--a pilot study. | (1) during the first ten years after primary vaccination with live measles virus vaccine, a slow decline in the level of hai antibody titres has been demonstrated. the decline after more attenuated vaccines was at the same gradient, but at lower titres.(2) during the same period after primary vaccination by inactivated (; killed ') followed by live - k + l - measles vaccine, a much steeper decline in the level of hai antibody titres was demonstrated.(3) the gmt may not reach the lowest standard ... | 1975 | 1223275 |
| [study of measles virus (strain l-16) in j-96 cell culture by electron microscopy and immunofluorescence]. | the vaccine l-16 strain of measles virus was studied in a continuous line of j-96 cells (clone l-41) by the electron microscope and fluorescent antibody techniques. cytological studies revealed a direct correlation between the intensity of symplast formation and the infective virus dose. the fluorescent antibody technique established cytoplasmic localization of the specific virus antigen. the results of electron microscope examinations of ultrathin sections of j-97 culture revealed in the cell c ... | 1975 | 1226707 |
| [preparation of immunoglobulins g,a,m (iggam) for therapeutic use. conditions for enrichment in iga or in igm]. | antibodies directed against viruses and bacteria are not equally distributed among the main classes of immunoglobulins, e.g. igg, iga and igm. it has been found that igm is mostly concerned with certain antibacterial activities (salmonella, escherichia coli and pseudomonas) and iga with high antibody titers for poliomyelitis virus i whereas antibody activities against many viruses such as influenza and measles virus occur preferentially in the igg population. furthermore, isolated immunoglobulin ... | 1975 | 1228846 |
| determination of measles virus-specific nucleocapsid antibodies by means of counterimmunoelectrophoresis. | a counterimmunoelectrophoretic method for quantitative determination of antibodies against measles virus nucleocapsid is described. unfractionated material from measles virus infected cell cultures was used as antigen, diluted to give only a nucleocapsid-specific precipitate. purified nucleocapsid and a rabbit hyperimmune serum against this antigen was used to establish the specificity of the test. the measles virus specific antibody titres determined by the method were comparable to those found ... | 1975 | 1237215 |
| [encephalitis induced with measles vaccine virus in hamsters--studies on the mechanism of acute and chronic infections]. | | 1975 | 1238220 |
| [current problems of measles virus]. | | 1975 | 1240857 |
| pneumonia associated with measles. | thirty-three children were hospitalized for pneumonia associated with measles. eight did not have rash but had serologic evidence of measles infection and an otherwise compatible clinical picture. lung puncture and tracheal aspirations were performed on 21 of the patients. mortality was 15.2% (five patients) and was not associated with the use of these procedures. | 1975 | 1242191 |
| inhibition of measles virus replication and enhancement of cellular dna synthesis in vero cells by ribavirin, an antiviral and antineoplastic drug. | excellent in vitro inhibition of measles virus infectivity by ribavirin was detectable by a tube method allowing prolonged maintenance which makes possible the evaluation of efficiency at daily intervals. optimal efficiency occurred on day 5 to 7, depending on the drug dose. although syntheses of cellular rna and protein were inhibited by low drug dosage, the de novo dna synthesis was enhanced. peak 4-fold enhancement resulted with 320 mug/ml after 2 days treatment. | 1975 | 1243121 |
| measles-virus-specific igg in optic neuritis and in multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis. | measles-virus-specific igg was measured in the serum of 100 patients who had presented with optic neuritis (on) during 1960-74. when reviewed 41 of them were found to have developed definite symptoms and signs of multiple sclerosis (ms), their serum containing significantly higher titres of the antibody than sera from either the rest of the patients or a group of normal healthy controls. in a few patients from whom cerebrospinal fluid (csf) was obtained in the acute phase of on, titres of measle ... | 1976 | 1244936 |
| exaggerated natural measles following attenuated virus immunization. | an adolescent girl, devoid of a detectable humoral immunity to measles virus despite two inoculations of live, attenuated vaccine, developed an exaggerated atypical rubeola illness following exposure to wild virus. this observation suggests that attenuated virus may be capable of immunologically sensitizing some individuals as has been described with killed virus vaccine. | 1976 | 1246490 |
| immunoglobulin abnormalities and measles antibody response in chronic myelopathy. | patients with chronic myelopathy of unknown origin were separated into two groups on the basis of presence or absence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin g (lgg) in cerebrospinal fluid (csf). thirty-nine of 48 patients (81%) with oligoclonal lgg in csf had measles virus antibodies in the csf and 31 (65%) showed reduced serum/csf measles virus antibody ratios, in comparison with the corresponding ratios of adenovirus, group-specific, penton hemagglutination-enhancement and poliovirus neutralization-enh ... | 1976 | 1247393 |
| measurement of virus antigens on the surface of hela cells persistently infected with wild type and vaccine strains of measles virus by radioimmune assay. | persistent states of measles virus infection have been established in hela cells by using edmonston strain virus and two types of measles virus vaccine (m-vac and schwarz). the absolute amount of surface viral antigens expressed on these cells infected separately with the three viruses has been assessed by a newly developed method which employs [125i]-labelled fab fragments of immunoglobulin g (igg) from immune human sera. this method was used to determine the level of viral antigenic expression ... | 1976 | 1255135 |
| the effects of measles virus and various strains of sspe virus on organotypic cultures of nervous tissue. | the neurotropic effects, virologic behaviors and morphologic appearances of 4 strains of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) virus have been examined in organotypic cultures of hamster cerebellar tissue and have been compared with the edmonston strain of measles virus in the same system. while measles virus caused extensive damage to nervous tissue, the sspe strains, in general, exerted a less deleterious effect. all of the sspe viruses replicated in this tissue. the sspe strains showed m ... | 1976 | 1258611 |
| measles vaccination. viii. the occurrence of antibodies against virus envelope components after immunization with inactivated vaccine. effects of revaccination with live measles vaccine. | children immunized with 4 doses of formalin-inactivated vaccine and/or purified hemagglutinin prepared from tween 80-ether (te) treated material were subjected to a follow-up 8-9 years after the last dose of vaccine. 11 out of 27 children had clinical and/or serological signs of infections with wild measles virus during the 8 to 9 years post-booster period. 10 out of the 11 children with infections had non-hemagglutinating-inhibiting (hi) hemolysis-inhibiting (hli) antibodies demonstrable in the ... | 1976 | 1258633 |
| measles virus and guillain-barré syndrome during long-term hemodialysis. | in a black man, recently receiving long-term hemodialysis, a severe, rapidly progressive polyradiculoneuritis (guillain-barre syndrome) developed. routine virologic study revealed a high antimeasles virus antibody titer (1:1280 by hemagglutination-inhibition) which progressively decreased. there was no clinical evidence of measles. discussed here is the possible relationship between the guillain-barre syndrome and clinically inapparent measles associated with and perhaps modified by the uremic s ... | 1976 | 1258891 |
| cell-mediated immunity and age at vaccination associated with measles inoculation and protection of dogs against canine distemper. | the antibody-mediated immune response (amir) of dogs to measles and canine distemper viruses has been described. however, there is little information on the cell-mediated immune response (cmir). the amir and the cmir of dogs to canine distemper and to measles were examined. the cmir was determined for 6 weeks by measuring the 3h-thymidine uptake by immune lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test. concurrently, canine distemper and measles virus serum-neutralization antibodies were measu ... | 1976 | 1259211 |
| encephalopathy following measles infection in children with chronic illness. | five patients with an unusual encephalopathy, possible secondary to measles virus infection, are described. features common to these patients are: an existing chronic disease, neurologic deterioration 2 1/2 to 6 months after a measles infection, and death several weeks later. these events occurred when the chronic disease (e.g. leukemia or neuroblastoma) was in remission. that the measles virus was the causative agent is suggested only by finding in brain and extracranial tissues intracytoplasmi ... | 1976 | 1271191 |
| neurovirulence and induction of hydrocephalus with parental, mutant, and revertant strains of measles virus. | the relationship between neurovirulence and induction of hydrocephalus was investigated for a measles virus temperature-sensitive mutant and its revertant. the revertant regained the neurovirulence of the parental strain. at appropriate doses the parental, mutant, and revertant strains induced hydrocephalus. | 1976 | 1271525 |
| a blood test for multiple sclerosis based on the adherence of lymphocytes to measles-infected cells. | the increased capacity of lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis to adhere to human epithelial cells persistently infected with measles virus has provided an accurate blood test for multiple sclerosis. when lymphocytes from affected patients were mixed with measles-infected human epithelial cells, the lymphocytes formed rosettes around a mean (+/-s.e.) of 69.2 +/-1.7% of the measles-infected cells. in contrast, lymphocytes from controls, either healthy or with other neurologic and non ... | 1976 | 1272275 |
| editorial: virus markers in multiple sclerosis. | | 1976 | 1272277 |
| measles virus-substance p receptor interaction: jurkat lymphocytes transfected with substance p receptor cdna enhance measles virus fusion and replication. | 1. we have demonstrated previously (harrowe et al., 1990), using a lymphoblastoid cell line that constitutively expresses the substance p receptor (spr) (payan et al., 1984, 1986), that this receptor may facilitate measles virus (mv) fusion with these cells. in order to test this hypothesis further, a stable cell line transfected with spr cdna has been established, and various stages of mv infection in spr positive and negative cells compared. 2. jurkat cells, a human t-lymphoblastoid cell line, ... | 1992 | 1281755 |
| in situ localization of pcr-amplified human and viral cdnas. | we describe a technique, called reverse transcriptase (rt) in situ pcr, whereby rna may be nonisotopically detected in fixed cells when amplified by pcr after cdna synthesis by rt. rt in situ pcr using primers specific for the measles virus generated an intense signal in most measles-infected hela cells, as compared to the weak signal generated in few cells using standard in situ hybridization analysis. the viral rna that localized to the nucleus spared the nucleoli, was most evident when the rt ... | 1992 | 1282436 |
| [the determination of measles antibody titers in the latex agglutination reaction]. | a new latex agglutination test (lat) for detection of antibodies to measles virus in blood sera was developed. the latex diagnosticum consists of polymeric microspheres of national make carrying on their surface covalently bound measles virus antigen. the data on the specificity and sensitivity of the test are presented, and the results of titrations of blood sera from schoolchildren by traditional hi test and lat are compared. lat was shown to be highly sensitive, much simpler than the availabl ... | 1992 | 1290227 |
| [the isolation of measles virus strains and the study of their hemagglutinating activity]. | three measles strains gag, il, and buk, were isolated from a suspension of mononuclear cells derived from measles patients in the active stage of the disease. continuous vero cell cultures were used for virus isolation. in the infected cell culture, all the isolates produced symplasts of different sizes and star-shaped or spindle-shaped multinuclear cells. the specificity of the cytopathic effect was proved by the adsorption of monkey erythrocytes on the surface of virus-affected cells. the isol ... | 1992 | 1290228 |
| underestimation of the incidence of measles in a population of french children. | data on titres of specific antibodies against measles virus and information given by families and physicians were analysed in 133 vaccinated and 117 unvaccinated children. only 2 of the 133 vaccinated children reported a history of measles, while 131 had detectable levels of antibodies. measles antibodies were detected in 102 (87.2%) of the unvaccinated children, but a history of measles diagnosed clinically by a physician was reported in only 42 of them. these findings suggest that subclinical ... | 1992 | 1291311 |
| [subacute sclerosing panencephalitis pregnancy]. | in a patient aged 16 behaviour at changes, followed by visual agnosia, aphasia, paraparesis and involuntary movements developed about the 24th week of pregnancy. the presence of measles virus antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid and progressing course of the disease with fever suggested sspe. pregnancy was terminated by caesarean section in the 30th week of pregnancy, the male premature baby died after 4 days, his brain was not examined under microscope. the mother died 2 weeks after labour in ... | 1992 | 1291910 |
| qualification of long-stored samples of serum banks for seroepidemiological studies. | serum samples were tested for antibodies against polio virus and measles virus from two serum banks after having been stored under different conditions for several years. the results are compared with those ones obtained immediately after sampling. despite of small increases of antibody-negative samples and of small decreases of the titres the suitability of the samples stored could be shown. special attention should be given to the establishment, e.g. in the framework of expanded programme on i ... | 1992 | 1293211 |
| comparative results of the immunogenicity of edmonston-zagreb and schwartz measles vaccines administered to 60 egyptian infants. | the present study was conducted on sixty 9-11 month infants attending a primary care clinic in a rural giza governorate area. patients were divided into two groups: the first group comprised 42 infants who were vaccinated with the edmonston zagreb measles vaccine strain, whereas the second group comprised 18 infants who were vaccinated with the schwartz measles vaccine strain. estimation of measles antibody titer by neutralization testing was determined by the microtiter technique prior to and 4 ... | 1992 | 1295948 |
| [study on the immunization effect of measles vaccine by capture-eia]. | capture-eia was applied to detect specific igm antibody (sigm) to measles virus in paired sera from 72 children before and after primary vaccination and hi antibody was also tested simultaneously. the sigm and hi antibodies were not detected in 72 prevaccinated and 7 post-inoculated sera by both the capture-eia and hi test. among the 65 sera-conversion samples by hi test in the 15 days after immunization, comparing with the results obtained by the capture-eia, the comformability were 83-100%. th ... | 1992 | 1300252 |
| [immunity to and incidence of measles in a population of parisian children]. | measles remains prevalent in france despite the development of nationwide vaccination program. this study evaluates measles immunity and correlates it with active immunization. | 1992 | 1304151 |
| [changes in the level of humoral response for measles virus in patients with subacute sclerotic panencephalitis during 1984-1989]. | immunological response to measles virus in serum and cerebro-spinal fluid of 338 patients with subacute sclerotic panencephalitis (sspe) during the years 1984-1989, was investigated. it was found that mean titer and distribution of results of antibody determination by the hemagglutination inhibition (ozha) method in patients sera are visibly differing during consecutive years of investigation. analysis of these parameters in determination by the immunoenzymatic methods (elisa) has shown their hi ... | 1992 | 1305922 |
| the diagnostic significance of antibody specificity indices in multiple sclerosis and herpes virus induced diseases of the nervous system. | the antibody specificity index (asi) indicates the cerebrospinal fluid (csf)/serum difference of antibody amounts per weight unit igg (normal less than 1.5). it has proven to be the most sensitive inflammation parameter in csf analysis so far, more sensitive than the western blot, the "oligoclonal" response, and the empirical differentiation of csf immunoglobulins. by this diagnostic criterion, several benign viral meningitis cases were found to be caused by the varicella/zoster virus. the diagn ... | 1992 | 1318123 |
| possible influence of measles virus infection of cynomolgus monkeys on the outcome of the neurovirulence test for oral poliovirus vaccine. | macaque monkeys are susceptible to measles infection which triggers temporary immuno-depression similar to the well known phenomenon in humans. it is known that feral monkeys become infected with measles virus when they are exposed to humans. since macaca mulatta and m. fascicularis are species used to assay the neurovirulence of oral poliovirus vaccine, the immunodepression caused by measles infection of the test monkeys could significantly alter the results of the neurovirulence test. the seru ... | 1992 | 1319180 |
| paget's disease of bone--current thinking and management. | the objective of this article was to critically review the current knowledge on paget's disease of bone, focusing primarily on possible etiologies and trends in management. current courses of treatment are described, including calcitonin, diphosphonate and mithramycin therapy and the efficacy of each drug regime is analyzed. finally, newer, more experimental pharmaceutical agents, such as gallium nitrate, are described. | 1992 | 1321871 |
| characterization of the stage(s) in the virus replication cycle at which the host-cell specificity of the feline parvovirus subgroup is regulated in canine cells. | feline panleukopenia virus (fplv), mink enteritis virus (mev), and canine parvovirus (cpv) are classified as a host-range variants. they show different host-range specificity in vivo and host-cell specificity in vitro. for instance, fplv and mev cannot grow or can grow only inefficiently in canine cell lines such as mdck and the canine fibroma cell line a72. here we have studied the mechanism(s) by which the different cell tropism is mediated in vitro. when fplv or mev was inoculated to a72 cell ... | 1992 | 1322591 |
| synthesis and antiviral properties of (+/-)-5'-noraristeromycin and related purine carbocyclic nucleosides. a new lead for anti-human cytomegalovirus agent design. | (+/-)-5'-noraristeromycin (3) has been prepared in three steps beginning with the 2,3-o-isopropylidene derivative of (+/-)-(1 alpha, 2 beta, 3 beta, 4 alpha)-4-amino-1,2,3-cyclopentanetriol (7). also prepared from the same starting material were the related hypoxanthine (4), guanine (5), and 2,6-diaminopurine (6) analogues. compounds 3-6 were evaluated for antiviral activity against a large number of viruses with marked activity being observed for 3 towards vaccinia virus, human cytomegalovirus, ... | 1992 | 1326633 |
| [value of interferon alpha determination in the diagnosis of meningoencephalitis presumed to be of viral origin]. | quantitative determination of alpha interferon (ifn) is used as an early marker in viral encephalitis. ifn is detected during 10 days following the onset of clinical symptoms. in 26 patients (11 children from 1 day to 6 year old and 15 adults from 17 to 70 year old) with central nervous system disorders (15 meningo-encephalitis, 5 meningitis, 1 myelitis, 1 polyradiculoneuritis, 1 dementia, 1 epilepsy and 2 other), alpha ifn is quantified using a cytopathic effect inhibition assay of vsv on mdbk ... | 1992 | 1329171 |
| molecular cloning of natural paramyxovirus copy-back defective interfering rnas and their expression from dna. | using the unique sequence organization of copy-back defective interfering (di) rnas of paramyxoviruses, sendai virus (sv), and measles virus copy-back di rnas were pcr amplified and cloned, without having to separate them from their helper nondefective genomes. the cloning was designed so that t7 polymerase transcription of the plasmids would generate di rnas with the exact 5' and 3' ends. the sv di clone, transcribed from the plasmid in bhk cells using t7 polymerase produced by a vaccinia virus ... | 1992 | 1329337 |
| [vaccination against measles at 6 months of age]. | measles immunization with the edmonston zagreb stain was carried out in 71 six-month-old infants. proportions of subjects with immunity were 91% among the 47 subjects retested before one year of age and 100% among the 28 subjects retested between two and three years of age. these results support the who recommendation that measles immunization should be given at the age of six months. the concerns expressed by some about possible adverse effects of early measles immunization (decreased immune de ... | 1992 | 1334394 |
| activation of human herpesvirus-6 in children with acute measles. | virological and serological studies were carried out prospectively to evaluate the possible activation of human herpesvirus-6 (hhv-6) in 50 infants and children with acute measles by isolation of hhv-6 from peripheral blood and by determining neutralizing antibodies to the virus. all but 5 patients (90%) were seropositive to hhv-6 in the acute stage of measles and 18 (40%) had a significant increase in hhv-6 antibody titers thereafter, whereas only 2 of 27 patients who were initially seropositiv ... | 1992 | 1335483 |
| high efficiency of endogenous antigen presentation by mhc class ii molecules. | mhc class ii molecules are involved in the presentation of both exogenous and endogenous antigens to cd4 t cells. using the trans-membrane hemagglutinin (ha) from measles virus and the secreted hen egg lysozyme (hel) as antigen models, we have compared the efficiency of mhc class ii presentation by naive antigen presenting cells (apcs) pulsed with exogenous antigen with that of their transfected counterparts synthesizing endogenous antigen. b cells expressing even a very low amount of trans-memb ... | 1992 | 1336977 |
| ménière's disease and antibody reactivity to herpes simplex virus type 1 polypeptides. | it has been reported that the inner ear is capable of responding to antigen challenge. in this study, we have investigated the antibody reactivity to herpes simplex virus 1 (hsv-1) proteins in sera from patients with ménière's disease. | 1992 | 1337422 |
| effect of prostaglandin e2 (pge2) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) upon actin cytoskeleton in human pulmonary fibroblasts (icp-23) infected by measles virus. | the evolution of the actin cytoskeleton after trypsinization and recultivation as well as the effect of the pge2 modulator and that of the secondary messenger, the cyclic amp upon the same cytoskeletal proteins in human pulmonary fibroblasts (icp-23) were studied. the substances were administered simultaneously and after one hour of viral adsorption. using epifluorescence for pointing out filamentous actin the modifications occurring in this cytoskeletal protein when contacting trypsin and the v ... | 1992 | 1339010 |
| in situ analysis of paget's disease of bone for measles-specific pcr-amplified cdna. | paget's disease of bone is a disease of unknown etiology. the demonstration of viral-like particles on ultrastructural examination and the putative detection of viral antibodies and nucleic acids in the tissues suggest a possible viral association. the purpose of this study was to search for nucleic acid sequences homologous to measles virus using the recently described reverse transcriptase (rt) polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in situ hybridization (ish) technique. after performing rt pcr ish u ... | 1992 | 1342974 |
| [seroepidemiologic study of measles in 2 populations of children under 10 years of age from the metropolitan area]. | measles antibodies were investigated by direct immunofluorescence in 274 samples from infants and 245 samples of children from 1 to 10 years of age. antibodies were present in 74% of children under 3 months of age, decreasing to 42% at age 11 months. positive results were obtained in 60% of children from 1 to 4 years of age, decreasing to 47% from 5 to 10 years of age. overall, infants had 64% positive tests and children 54%. accordingly, a greater susceptibility to infection by measles is found ... | 1992 | 1343074 |
| canine distemper virus transcripts sequenced from pagetic bone. | paget's disease is a chronic disease of the skeleton which is believed to be caused by a persistent virus of the paramyxovirus family. there is still conflict as to the precise identity of the virus(es) involved in causing this disease. our previous results using in situ hybridisation have implicated distemper as a possible cause of this disease. in order to confirm these results, we have reverse transcribed rna from pagetic bone and have specifically amplified for distemper and measles sequence ... | 1992 | 1345324 |
| augmentation of major histocompatibility complex class i and icam-1 expression on glial cells following measles virus infection: evidence for the role of type-1 interferon. | an intracellular staining procedure for the cytoskeletal marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein of astrocytes, has been developed which allows flow cytometric phenotyping of astrocytes within complex mixtures of glial cells. employing this technique, we show here that measles virus infection of rat mixed glial cell cultures results in a rapid augmentation of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i and icam-1 on the majority of astrocytes in culture. mhc class i levels are increased on ma ... | 1992 | 1346110 |
| persistent measles virus infection enhances major histocompatibility complex class i expression and immunogenicity of murine neuroblastoma cells. | the effect of persistent measles virus infection on the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i antigens was studied. mouse neuroblastoma cells c1300, clone ns20y, were persistently infected with the edmonston strain of measles virus. the persistently infected cell line, ns20y/ms, expressed augmented levels of both h-2kk and h-2dd mhc class i glycoproteins. activation of two interferon(ifn)-induced enzymes, known to be part of the ifn system: (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase ... | 1992 | 1347254 |
| measles virus antibody in aqueous humour of patients with uveitis associated with multiple sclerosis. | | 1992 | 1347626 |
| cd4+ t cells control measles virus infection of the central nervous system. | cd4+ t-cell lines with specificity for individual measles virus (mv) structural proteins were obtained from immunized lewis rats. isolated viral proteins, either purified from virions or bacterially expressed were used as antigens for immunological assays. all the cell lines secreted interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-2 (il-2), but were only weakly cytotoxic to autologous mv-infected astrocytes. when cultured together with memory splenic b lymphocytes these t cells did not induce secre ... | 1992 | 1353061 |
| delayed acute measles inclusion body encephalitis in a 9-year-old girl: ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization studies. | a 9-yr-old girl developed delayed acute measles inclusion body encephalitis, which was different from subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) in clinical course. measles virus was demonstrated by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. contrary to the most previous reports, matrix (m) protein was present in the brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum and was demonstrated by western blot analysis and in situ hybridization. the hybridization was performed by a nonrad ... | 1992 | 1353879 |
| wild measles virus strain: isolation and identification. | four isolates of measles virus (gag, il, buk and shed) were obtained from suspensions of mononuclear cells from patients at the active stage of the disease. vero cells were used for the virus isolation. all the isolates caused in the infected cell culture the appearance of symplasts of differently sized, star- or spindle-shaped multinuclear cells. the specificity of cytopathic effect was proved by the adsorption of monkey erythrocytes on the surface of cells infected by virus. the isolates were ... | 1992 | 1363990 |
| sspe in slovakia: immunocytochemical study. | in a retrospective study of two patients from slovakia with clinical, virological and histopathological diagnosis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe), measles virus antigen was detected by immunocytochemical labelling studies. the formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded thin brain sections labelled with anti-measles antibodies and avidin-biotin complex peroxidase were counterstained with haematoxylin. only a single area of brain was examined in each patient: cerebellum and parietal lobe. vir ... | 1992 | 1363993 |
| the immune response to measles virus in mice. t-helper response to the nucleoprotein and mapping of the t-helper epitopes. | the t-helper response to the measles virus nucleoprotein (np) has been studied in mice. the t-cell proliferative response was measured in lymphocytes from mice immunized with either a vaccinia measles-np recombinant virus or a mouse neuro-adapted measles virus. a t-cell response was obtained with lymphocytes from h2d or h2k mice when stimulated with either measles virus or the np expressed in bacteria. the response was cd4+ specific. the t-helper epitopes were mapped using truncated np peptides. ... | 1992 | 1371370 |
| virus-reactive and autoreactive t cells are accumulated in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. | elevated numbers of b cells--plasma cells secreting antibodies to measles and mumps virus, and to myelin associated glycoprotein (mag), one of several putative myelin autoantigens--have previously been reported in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with multiple sclerosis (ms), while it is unknown if corresponding t cell reactivities occur. we have defined the t cell reactivities to measles and mumps virus and to mag in an immunospot assay which is based on the detection of secretion of int ... | 1992 | 1374425 |
| the effect of orientation of epitopes on the immunogenicity of chimeric synthetic peptides representing measles virus protein sequences. | we have studied the influence of the orientation of t- and b-cell epitopes on the immunogenicity of chimeric synthetic peptides in terms of the ability of the t-cell epitope to provide help for the production of antibody to the b-cell epitope. a t-cell epitope from the fusion protein of measles virus (288-302), previously shown to act as a t-helper epitope in a panel of six inbred mouse strains, was co-linearly synthesized at either the amino- or carboxyl- terminus of a b-cell epitope from the h ... | 1992 | 1374843 |
| the effects of a flanking sequence on the immune response to a b and a t cell epitope from the fusion protein of measles virus. | a region of the fusion protein of measles virus (residues 240 to 252) was predicted to contain a b and a t epitope. a synthetic peptide representing this sequence was shown to induce both t and b cell reactivity in several inbred strains of mice, but the responses were clearly major histocompatibility complex-restricted. elongation of this peptide by six residues at the c terminus on the basis of predictions for b cell epitopes resulted not only in increased peptide immunogenicity in some strain ... | 1992 | 1379626 |
| the influence of orientation and number of copies of t and b cell epitopes on the specificity and affinity of antibodies induced by chimeric peptides. | cba and to mice were immunized with chimeric peptide immunogens consisting of b cell (residues 404-414) and t cell (residues 288-302) epitopes from the f protein of measles virus. the chimeras were co-linearly synthesized to contain one or two copies of the t cell epitope linked to one or two copies of the b cell epitope via a glycine.glycine spacer. two orientations were synthesized such that the t cell epitope(s) were located at either the amino or carboxyl terminus of the b cell epitope(s). t ... | 1992 | 1382995 |
| heterogeneity of linear b cell epitopes of the measles virus fusion protein reacting with late convalescent sera. | b cell epitopes of the measles virus fusion protein were mapped, by reacting sera from late convalescent donors with synthetic overlapping pentadecapeptides, segments covering the whole f protein sequence. unselected individual sera recognized 7 to 20% of the total sequence. cumulation of the binding patterns of 30 sera identified eight to 10 clusters of antibody-binding peptides spread over most of the sequence. the b cell epitopes included regions of transition between the more hydropathic (in ... | 1992 | 1383402 |
| antibody responses to non-immunogenic synthetic peptides induced by co-immunization with immunogenic peptides. | chimeric peptides comprising b- and t-helper cell epitopes from the proteins of infectious agents represent immunogens with potential for use as new vaccines. however, it has become clear that the orientation of the epitopes, the presence of spacer residues and the number of copies of the epitopes influence the specificity, levels and affinity of the antibody produced following immunization with such constructs. furthermore, the response to peptides is under genetic control leading to major hist ... | 1992 | 1385315 |
| low seroconversion rates to measles vaccine among children in nigeria. | the nigerian expanded programme on immunization (epi) was assessed with particular reference to measles immunization. of 150 children who received measles vaccine at the institute of child health, university of ibadan, nigeria, 82 (54.7%) seroconverted. the immune response was directly related to the titre of the vaccines used. vaccines whose titres were 10(-1) to 10(1.7) stimulated immune responses in 0-25% of vaccinees, those with titres in the range 10(-2.1) to 10(-2.5) stimulated responses i ... | 1992 | 1394778 |
| prevalence of antibodies against measles, mumps and rubella in israeli young adults. | | 1992 | 1399506 |
| a monoclonal antibody recognizes a human cell surface glycoprotein involved in measles virus binding. | measles virus (mv) has a very limited host range, humans being the only natural reservoir of the virus. this restriction may be due to the absence of an mv receptor on the surface of non-primate cells. we have studied the mv-binding ability of several cell lines and attempted to characterize the receptor by studying the binding of 35s-labelled mv and by a rosette formation technique. we confirmed that all the human cell lines examined (hela, raji and jurkat) bound mv and that the murine cell lin ... | 1992 | 1402804 |
| measles virus from a long-term persistently infected human t lymphoblastoid cell line, in contrast to the cytocidal parental virus, establishes an immediate persistence in the original cell line. | to investigate the mechanisms of measles virus (mv) establishment and maintenance of persistence in lymphoid cells, we have established a long-term persistent infection with mv, edmonston strain, in the human t lymphoblastoid cell line molt4, which has been in continuous culture for over 8 years. in this culture, designated momp1, more than 98% of cells display viral antigens. the momp1 culture is immune to superinfection with mv and is not cured by anti-mv antibodies. no evidence of defective i ... | 1992 | 1402812 |
| measles virus gene expression in lytic and persistent infections of a human lymphoblastoid cell line. | momp1 is a measles virus (mv) long-term steady-state persistently infected culture of the human t lymphoblastoid cell line molt4. the analysis of mv gene expression revealed that in momp1 cells, the major mv proteins, haemagglutinin (h), phosphoprotein (p), nucleoprotein, fusion (f) and matrix (m), are present and the fusion precursor (f0) is cleaved into f2 and f1 peptides. h and f2 proteins are glycosylated in both lytic and persistent molt4 infections. all major proteins are underexpressed in ... | 1992 | 1402813 |
| improved isolation of rinderpest virus in transformed bovine t lymphoblast cell lines. | bovine t lymphoblast cell lines transformed by the protozoan theileria parva were compared with bovine kidney (bk) and vero cells for their ability to isolate various strains of rinderpest virus from tissues and infected secretions. all of the strains of rinderpest virus that were tested, including attenuated cell-culture, caprinised and lapinised vaccines, and both mild and virulent pathogenic strains, readily induced syncytial cytopathic effect (cpe) in t lymphoblasts. the cpe could often be d ... | 1992 | 1410806 |
| expression and properties of the v protein in acute measles virus and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus strains. | measles virus (mv) inserts one guanosine (g) residue at a specific site in a subpopulation of the mrna transcribed from the phosphoprotein (p) gene to produce v mrna. using an antiserum against the unique carboxyl-terminal region of the predicted v protein, we found that a phosphorylated v protein was expressed in two acute mv strains (edmonston and nagahata) and three sspe virus strains (biken, yamagata, and niigata). the v protein of biken strain sspe virus was electrophoretically and antigeni ... | 1992 | 1413994 |
| comparison of severity of viremia and antibody responses between infants and children with measles. | severity of viremia and neutralizing antibody responses were compared between nine young infants (less than or equal to 10 months) with measles and 18 infants and children (greater than or equal to 11 months) with ordinary measles. peripheral blood mononuclear cell (pbmc)-associated viremia was detected between the first day of elevation of fever (day 0) and day 5 of the disease in the former group, whereas pbmc-associated and cell-free viremia were detected between day 0 and day 14 in the latte ... | 1992 | 1414329 |
| absence of measles, mumps, and rubella viral genomic sequences from multiple sclerosis brain tissue by polymerase chain reaction. | we tested for measles, mumps, and rubella viruses in multiple sclerosis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). using rna extracted from 19 multiple sclerosis and 8 control brain specimens, nested pcr was performed after reverse transcription (rt) of the rna to cdna using primer pairs directed against two regions in the genomes of measles and mumps viruses and one region in the rubella virus genome. despite enhanced sensitivity of nested rt pcr, measles, mumps, and rubella viral genomic sequences we ... | 1992 | 1416811 |
| immunity to measles and rubella in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | | 1992 | 1420696 |
| [a study on measles vaccination rate and its antibody level in children aged 12-24 months in guangxi, 1989]. | this report described the measles vaccination rate (mvr) as well as its hi antibodies of 1842 children aged from 12 to 24 months. the mvr was 99.57% but hi positive rate was only 83.50%. hi of 298 target children still remained negative. among them, 6 children were unvaccinated and others vaccinated. the hi negative rate reached 16.50% the hi positive rate was higher in the target children who lived in the area with convenient transportation and relatively low atmospheric temperature, and who re ... | 1992 | 1423535 |