| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in korean native goat (capra hircus). | in the genus pestivirus, four genetically distinct viral species are currently recognized: bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 1 and 2 (bvdv-1, bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv). bvdv-1 and bdv infections have been described in goat species. since 1998, border disease (bd) like symptoms in goats have been reported repeatedly in two southern-most provinces of korea, which until then had been regarded as being free from bd. as a result of retrospective inves ... | 2006 | 16766076 |
| the effect of infection of hatched blastocyst bovine embryos with border disease and bovine viral diarrhea viruses. | the effect of infection with teratogenic viruses at early stages of pregnancy is not fully understood. this study aimed to look at the effect of infection with teratogenic viruses such as bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and border disease virus (bdv), on early stage embryos at the hatched blastocyst stage. bvdv and bdv are known to cross the placenta of infected mothers and lead to congenital defects and death of developing fetuses. this study can be a good model for better understanding the ... | 2006 | 16771222 |
| brefeldin a inhibits pestivirus release from infected cells, without affecting its assembly and infectivity. | the enveloped bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a member of the pestivirus genus within the flaviviridae family. while considerable information has been gathered on virus entry into the host cell, genome structure and protein function, little is known about pestivirus morphogenesis and release from cells. here, we analyzed the intracellular localization, n-glycan processing and secretion of bvdv using brefeldin a (bfa), which blocks protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and caus ... | 2006 | 16782064 |
| a universal heterologous internal control system for duplex real-time rt-pcr assays used in a detection system for pestiviruses. | a heterologous in vitro transcript based on a specific primer-probe hex system was generated as a universal internal control (ic) to improve virus-specific real-time reverse-transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays. by using a set of different primers, several pcr fragments of desired sizes of an in vitro transcript of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene were generated, and the fragments were detected using a hex-labelled probe. for long-term storage of the in vitro transcript a special ... | 2006 | 16806503 |
| "self" and "nonself" manipulation of interferon defense during persistent infection: bovine viral diarrhea virus resists alpha/beta interferon without blocking antiviral activity against unrelated viruses replicating in its host cells. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), together with classical swine fever virus (csfv) and border disease virus (bdv) of sheep, belongs to the genus pestivirus of the flaviviridae. bvdv is either cytopathic (cp) or noncytopathic (ncp), as defined by its effect on cultured cells. infection of pregnant animals with the ncp biotype may lead to the birth of persistently infected calves that are immunotolerant to the infecting viral strain. in addition to evading the adaptive immune system, bvdv evades ... | 2006 | 16809298 |
| pestiviruses in wild animals. | pestiviruses are not strictly host-species specific and can infect not only domestic but also wild animals. the most important pestivirus, csfv, infects domestic pigs and wild boars, which may cause a major problem for successful csfv eradication programmes. mainly bvdv specific antibodies have been reported in captive and free-living animals. virus has been isolated from some of these animal species, but since bvdv can contaminate cell cultures and foetal calf serum, early reports of bvdv isola ... | 2006 | 16839713 |
| the ns5a protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus contains an essential zinc-binding site similar to that of the hepatitis c virus ns5a protein. | the recent demonstration that the ns5a protein of hepatitis c virus (hcv) contains an unconventional zinc-binding site with the format cx(17)cxcx(20)c and the presence of a similar sequence element in the ns5a proteins of members of the pestivirus genus has led to the hypothesis that the ns5a protein of the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a zinc-binding protein. a method for the expression and partial purification of bvdv ns5a was developed, and the partially purified protein wa ... | 2006 | 16840325 |
| the role of b cells in the immune response to pestivirus (classical swine fever virus). | pigs inoculated with the alfort 187 isolate of classical swine fever (csf) virus were used to study the immunological mechanisms associated with the humoral immune response in the disease. quantitative and qualitative changes in the b-cell population (lambda light chain [c-lambda]-positive, immunoglobulins [ig]-m-positive, and igg-positive were demonstrated in the spleen, thymus and ileocaecal lymph node. blood and serum samples were used to examine changes in leucocytes, albumin/globulin ratios ... | 2006 | 16844443 |
| genetic typing and prevalence of border disease virus (bdv) in small ruminant flocks in spain. | between 2001 and 2002, samples from 1,413 animals in 21 spanish small ruminant flocks, most of them with animals showing clinical signs compatible with border disease (bd), were screened for the presence of pestivirus antigen and antibodies by an indirect peroxidase monolayer assay (ipma) and the virus neutralization test (vnt), respectively. although all flocks harboured seropositive animals, virus could only be isolated from animals in five of the flocks. between 4 and 11 months later all anim ... | 2006 | 16857326 |
| substituted 5-benzyl-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines: a new class of pestivirus inhibitors. | a novel class of inhibitors of pestiviruses (5-substituted 2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines) is described. modification of the substituent in position 5 resulted in analogues with high activity (ec(50)<100nm) and selectivity (si>1000) against the pestivirus bvdv (bovine viral diarrhea virus). | 2006 | 16901692 |
| the double-stranded rna-induced apoptosis pathway is involved in the cytopathogenicity of cytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), which is classified in the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, can be divided into two biotypes according to its ability to induce a cytopathic effect in tissue culture cells. the mechanisms through which cytopathogenic (cp) bvdv induces cell death and non-cytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv causes persistent infection without producing cell death remain unclear. here, it was found that the overexpression of four apoptosis-related cellular mrnas in cells infected wit ... | 2006 | 16963755 |
| the npro product of bovine viral diarrhea virus inhibits dna binding by interferon regulatory factor 3 and targets it for proteasomal degradation. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that can establish a persistent infection in the developing fetus and has the ability to disable the production of type i interferon. in this report, we extend our previous observations that bvdv encodes a protein able to specifically block the activity of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3), a transcription factor essential for interferon promoter activation, by demonstrating that this is a property of the n-terminal protease fragment (npro) ... | 2006 | 16971436 |
| flock-prevalence of border disease virus infection in basque dairy-sheep estimated by bulk-tank milk analysis. | bulk-tank milk (btm) samples from 154 sheep flocks were used to estimate bdv prevalence in the basque country in spain using an elisa and a rt-pcr test. the proportion of antibody-positive flocks was 68% but varied significantly between provinces and was 93% in araba and 54-55% in bizkaia and gipuzkoa. most elisa-positive flocks had very low antibody inhibition percentage (aip) indicating high seroprevalence and recent bdv exposure. however, only 9% flocks were pcr-positive suggesting few infect ... | 2006 | 16979308 |
| evidence for pestivirus infection in free-living japanese serows, capricornis crispus. | sixteen serum samples collected from free-living japanese serows, capricornis crispus, between 2001 and 2004 in morioka and its vicinity were examined for the presence of pestivirus by reverse transcription-nested pcr procedure. three out of the 16 samples produced a visible band in electrophoresed agarose gels. the nucleotide sequences of the three pcr products were found to be identical. the pestivirus found in the serow was identified as bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) based on nucleot ... | 2006 | 17053318 |
| validation of a real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid and specific diagnosis of classical swine fever virus. | two new real-time rt-pcr kits developed by lsi (taqvet csf) and adiagene (adiavet csf) obtained a manufacturing agreement in france during the past year. for that purpose, the classical swine fever (csf) national reference laboratory (nrl) planned a schedule of conditions to be fulfilled by commercial real-time rt-pcr assays. the producers were asked to introduce an internal control to check the rna extraction efficacy. the different criteria assessed were: sensitivity, specificity, especially " ... | 2006 | 17058493 |
| synthesis and pharmacokinetics of valopicitabine (nm283), an efficient prodrug of the potent anti-hcv agent 2'-c-methylcytidine. | in our search for new therapeutic agents against chronic hepatitis c, a ribonucleoside analogue, 2'-c-methylcytidine, was discovered to be a potent and selective inhibitor in cell culture of a number of rna viruses, including the pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus, a surrogate model for hepatitis c virus (hcv), and three flaviviruses, namely, yellow fever virus, west nile virus, and dengue-2 virus. however, pharmacokinetic studies revealed that 2'-c-methylcytidine suffers from a low oral bio ... | 2006 | 17064080 |
| antiviral 2,5-disubstituted imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines: from anti-pestivirus to anti-hepatitis c virus activity. | a novel class of inhibitors of the hepatitis c virus [substituted 2-(2-fluorophenyl)-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines] is described. introduction of a fluorine in position 2 of the 2-phenyl substituent of the lead anti-pestivirus compound 1 (5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine) resulted in an analogue with selective activity against hcv in the subgenomic replicon system. | 2007 | 17084081 |
| transmission of a pestivirus infection in a population of pyrenean chamois. | outbreaks of a previously unrecorded disease have recently affected pyrenean chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) populations across the mountain range. a pestivirus was hypothesized to be the cause of this emerging disease and this type of virus can cross the species barrier and be transmitted to or from wildlife. using an epidemiological survey conducted from 1995 to 2004 at orlu, france, we characterized the virus and analyzed its transmission. a phylogenetic analysis of viral sequences an ... | 2007 | 17092662 |
| severe outbreak of disease in the southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) associated with border disease virus infection. | an outbreak of a previously unreported disease affecting southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) in the central pyrenees (ne spain) was recorded in 2001 and 2002. there was a marked temporal distribution, most animals being found between february and june. after the outbreak, the population was found to have decreased by about 42%, most probably due to the disease. we examined 20 affected chamois. clinical manifestations included depression, weakness and movement difficulties in all cases. three ... | 2007 | 17101242 |
| genetic and antigenic typing of border disease virus isolates in sheep from the iberian peninsula. | a selection of 10 pestiviruses isolated from sheep from the iberian peninsula from 2001 to 2004 was characterised at the molecular level. the 5' untranslated region (5'-utr) and n(pro)-coding gene were amplified by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and sequenced directly from purified products. all isolates were also typed antigenically with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against representative isolates of the four recognised pestivirus species. the gen ... | 2007 | 17126573 |
| conserved determinants for membrane association of nonstructural protein 5a from hepatitis c virus and related viruses. | nonstructural protein 5a (ns5a) is a membrane-associated essential component of the hepatitis c virus (hcv) replication complex. an n-terminal amphipathic alpha helix mediates in-plane membrane association of hcv ns5a and at the same time is likely involved in specific protein-protein interactions required for the assembly of a functional replication complex. the aim of this study was to identify the determinants for membrane association of ns5a from the related gb viruses and pestiviruses. alth ... | 2007 | 17192310 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus: prevention of persistent fetal infection by a combination of two mutations affecting erns rnase and npro protease. | different genetically engineered mutants of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) were analyzed for the ability to establish infection in the fetuses of pregnant heifers. the virus mutants exhibited either a deletion of the overwhelming part of the genomic region coding for the n-terminal protease n(pro), a deletion of codon 349, which abrogates the rnase activity of the structural glycoprotein e(rns), or a combination of both mutations. two months after infection of pregnant cattle with wild-type ... | 2007 | 17215285 |
| classical swine fever virus npro interacts with interferon regulatory factor 3 and induces its proteasomal degradation. | viruses have evolved a multitude of strategies to subvert the innate immune system by interfering with components of the alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) induction and signaling pathway. it is well established that the pestiviruses prevent ifn-alpha/beta induction in their primary target cells, such as epitheloidal and endothelial cells, macrophages, and conventional dendritic cells, a phenotype mediated by the viral protein n(pro). central players in the ifn-alpha/beta induction cascade a ... | 2007 | 17215286 |
| diagnostic methods for detection of classical swine fever virus--status quo and new developments. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious disease causing major losses in pig populations almost worldwide. the disease occurs in many regions of asia, central and south america and parts of europe and africa. some countries have eradicated the disease (australia, usa, canada, within the eu), yet it keeps recurring sporadically (south africa, germany, netherlands, england). the causative virus is a member of the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae. the first diagnosis of csf is based ... | 2007 | 17229496 |
| virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of a novel chimeric pestivirus. | a chimeric pestivirus of border disease virus gifhorn and bovine viral diarrhea virus cp7 (meyers et al., 1996) was constructed. virulence, immunogenicity and vaccine properties of the chimeric virus were studied in a vaccination-challenge experiment in pigs. the chimeric virus proved to be avirulent and neither chimeric virus nor viral rna was detected in serum after vaccination. the safety of the vaccine was tested by horizontal transmission to sentinel pigs, which remained uninfected. the vac ... | 2007 | 17251566 |
| cp7_e2alf: a safe and efficient marker vaccine strain for oral immunisation of wild boar against classical swine fever virus (csfv). | wild boar are an important reservoir of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in several european countries, where most of the primary outbreaks in domestic pigs are directly related to the endemic disease situation in the wild boar population. oral immunisation has been introduced as an additional control measure to accelerate csf eradication in wild boar in germany since 1993. immunisation with an oral bait vaccine based on the conventionally attenuated live vaccine strain "c" proved to be safe a ... | 2007 | 17257713 |
| reduction of the infectivity of hepatitis c virus pseudoparticles by incorporation of misfolded glycoproteins induced by glucosidase inhibitors. | folding and assembly into complexes of some viral glycoproteins are exquisitely sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (er) alpha-glucosidase inhibition, which prevents the trimming of glucose from n-linked glycans. derivatives of deoxynojirimycin (dnj) iminosugars, which are potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, were shown to have antiviral activity against bovine viral diarrhea virus, a pestivirus related to hepatitis c virus (hcv). the aim of this study was to determine whether these inhibitors wo ... | 2007 | 17374756 |
| activation of cell signaling pathways is dependant on the biotype of bovine viral diarrhea viruses type 2. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the flaviviridae family, is an economically important cattle pathogen with a worldwide distribution. besides the segregation into two distinct species (bvdv1/bvdv2) two different biotypes, a cytopathic (cp) and a noncytopathic (ncp) biotype, are distinguished based on their behavior in epithelial cell cultures. one of the most serious forms of bvdv infection affecting immunocompetent animals of all ages is severe acute bvd (sa bvd) which is cau ... | 2007 | 17376555 |
| a distinct group of hepacivirus/pestivirus-like internal ribosomal entry sites in members of diverse picornavirus genera: evidence for modular exchange of functional noncoding rna elements by recombination. | the 5' untranslated regions (utrs) of the rna genomes of flaviviridae of the hepacivirus and pestivirus genera contain internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) that are unrelated to the two principal classes of iress of picornaviridae. the mechanism of translation initiation on hepacivirus/pestivirus (hp) iress, which involves factor-independent binding to ribosomal 40s subunits, also differs fundamentally from initiation on these picornavirus iress. ribosomal binding to hp iress requires conserve ... | 2007 | 17392358 |
| new concepts in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of diseases caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the new information on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of mucosal disease of cattle is reviewed. it is now known that clinical mucosal disease occurs only in cattle which were infected with a pestivirus in early gestation and were born with persistent viral infection and specific immunotolerance. these animals may be clinically normal at birth but may develop fatal mucosal disease, perhaps following superinfection with another pestivirus, usually between 6 and 24 months of age. they may also r ... | 1988 | 17423063 |
| nonstructural proteins ns2-3 and ns4a of classical swine fever virus: essential features for infectious particle formation. | the nonstructural protein ns2-3 of pestiviruses undergoes tightly regulated processing. for bovine viral diarrhea virus it was shown that uncleaved ns2-3 is required for infectious particle formation while cleaved ns3 is essential for genome replication. to further investigate the functions of ns2-3 and ns4a in the pestivirus life cycle, we established t7 rna polymerase-dependent trans-complementation for p7-ns2-3-4a of classical swine fever virus (csfv). expression of ns2-3 and ns4a in trans re ... | 2007 | 17482232 |
| serum antibodies directed against classical swine fever virus and other pestiviruses in wild boar (sus scrofa) in the republic of croatia. | the presence of serum antibodies directed against classical swine fever (csf) virus and other pestiviruses among the wild boar (sus scrofa) population in croatia was investigated. during 2003, serum samples from 214 wild boars were collected in 10 hunting areas in the continental part of the country. the sera were examined by enzyme immunoassay (elisa) and in the virus neutralization test (vnt). out of 214 sera tested 111 (51.87 %) were positive by elisa and regarding neutralising antibodies, ag ... | 2007 | 17484502 |
| natural infection of cattle with an atypical 'hobi'-like pestivirus--implications for bvd control and for the safety of biological products. | during a study on bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd) epidemiology in thailand, a pestivirus was detected in serum from a calf. comparative nucleotide sequence analysis showed that this virus was closely related to a recently described atypical pestivirus (d32/00_'hobi') that was first isolated from a batch of foetal calf serum collected in brazil. the results from virus neutralisation tests performed on sera collected from cattle in the herd of the infected calf, showed that these cattle had markedly ... | 2007 | 17506974 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 isolated from indian goats (capra hircus). | recent studies have shown that bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) type 1 is widely prevalent in indian cattle. in a surveillance of randomly collected 562 blood samples from seven states during 2004-2006, bvdv type 2 was detected in two native indian goats by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (nrt-pcr). the virus isolated from them was classified antigenically as bvdv 2 on the basis of virus neutralization test and reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. phylogenetic analysis ... | 2007 | 17509780 |
| serological survey for antibodies against pestiviruses in sheep in austria. | the prevalence of antibodies to pestiviruses was investigated in 4931 sheep, in 377 flocks, in four federal states of austria, by means of an indirect elisa that detected antibodies to border disease virus (bdv) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv). the mean flock prevalence was 62.9 per cent and the mean individual prevalence was 29.4 per cent. comparative neutralisation studies on the elisa-positive samples with bvdv type 1 (bvdv-1), bvdv type 2 (bvdv-2) and bdv recorded 336 samples with hi ... | 2007 | 17526894 |
| ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of interferon regulatory factor-3 induced by npro from a cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus. | the pathogenesis of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) infections is complex and only partly understood. it remains controversial whether interferon is produced in cells infected with cytopathic(cp) bvdvs which do not persist in vivo. we show here that a cpbvdv (nadl strain) does not induce interferon responses in cell culture and blocks induction of interferon-stimulated genes by a super-infecting paramyxovirus. cpbvdv infection causes a marked loss of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf-3), a ... | 2007 | 17531282 |
| influence of communal alpine pasturing on the spread of pestiviruses among sheep and goats in austria: first identification of border disease virus in austria. | the purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of communal alpine pasturing on the spread of pestivirus infections among sheep and goats. the study included 481 sheep from 23 farms and 131 goats from 26 farms pastured on separated alpine meadows in the western part of austria. at the starting of pasturing on the sheep meadow, 325 (67.6%) animals were seropositive, on the goat meadows in 16 (12.2%) samples antibodies to pestiviruses were detected. at the end of pasturing, 74 ser ... | 2007 | 17542964 |
| identification of a novel virus in pigs--bungowannah virus: a possible new species of pestivirus. | in 2003 an outbreak of sudden deaths occurred in 3-4-week-old piglets on a farm in new south wales, australia. there was a marked increase in the birth of stillborn foetuses. pathological changes consisted of a multifocal non-suppurative myocarditis. a viral infection was suspected but a wide range of known agents were excluded. a modified sequence independent single primer amplification (sispa) method was used to identify a novel virus associated with this outbreak. conserved 5'utr motifs, the ... | 2007 | 17561301 |
| a common neutralizing epitope on envelope glycoprotein e2 of different pestiviruses: implications for improvement of vaccines and diagnostics for classical swine fever (csf)? | the pestivirus genus within the family of flaviviridae consists of at least three species; classical swine fever virus (csfv) found in swine and wild boar, bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 and type 2 (bvdv-i and bvdv-ii) mainly isolated from cattle and border disease virus (bdv) preferably replicating in ovine species. many features demonstrate differences between csfv and other pestiviruses, bvdv-i, bvdv-ii and bdv, here defined as noncsfv, whereas other features show similarities between al ... | 2007 | 17561359 |
| evidence for positive selection on the e2 gene of bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1. | despite the growing interest in the molecular epidemiology of pestivirus, there have been few attempts to determine which regions of the pestivirus genome are subject to positive selection, although this may be a key indicator of the nature of the interaction between host and virus. by using likelihood-based methods for phylogenetic inference, the positive selection pressure of bvdv-1 e2 gene were assessed and a site-by-site analysis of the dn/ds ratio was performed, to identify specific codons ... | 2007 | 17566858 |
| bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection of alpacas (vicugna pacos) in the uk. | three alpacas (vicugna pacos) aged two to 22 months with a history of illthrift and diarrhoea were examined postmortem, and tissues were collected for histology, including immunohistochemical labelling for pestivirus antigen, virus isolation and taqman reverse transcriptase-pcr assay. blood samples from two clinical cases and the remaining herd members were tested for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibody by serum neutralisation, antigen detection and pcr assay. the three affected alpacas ... | 2007 | 17652435 |
| identification of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 in yaks (bos poephagus grunniens) in the himalayan region. | since cattle are widely infected by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) in india, we searched for pestivirus infection in yaks. of 71 pure and crossbred yaks from himalayan region, pestivirus antigen was detected by ag-elisa in three animals. pestivirus in leukocyte and cell culture isolated virus samples originating from positive yaks was also confirmed by rt-pcr using panpestivirus specific primers selected from 5'-untranslated region (5' utr). the 5' utr, n(pro) and e2 regions were sequenced a ... | 2008 | 17663013 |
| the imidazopyrrolopyridine analogue ag110 is a novel, highly selective inhibitor of pestiviruses that targets the viral rna-dependent rna polymerase at a hot spot for inhibition of viral replication. | ethyl 2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-c]pyridin-8-carboxylate (ag110) was identified as a potent inhibitor of pestivirus replication. the 50% effective concentration values for inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv)-induced cytopathic effect, viral rna synthesis, and production of infectious virus were 1.2 +/- 0.5 microm, 5 +/- 1 microm, and 2.3 +/- 0.3 microm, respectively. ag110 proved inactive against the hepatitis c virus and a flavivirus. ag110 inhibits bvdv replication at a tim ... | 2007 | 17686854 |
| search for evidence of recurring or persistent viruses in crohn's disease. | new-onset crohn's disease and acute flares are often associated with viral infections. the aim of this study was to search for evidence of persistent or recurrent viruses in patients. tissue blocks were obtained from surgical specimens from patients and a control population. 111 samples were tested by pcr or rt-pcr, for ebv, cmv, hsv 1, hsv 2, hhv 8, pestiviruses, and enteroviruses. additionally, seven sets of serum samples, including pre-operative and post-operative samples, from cd patients we ... | 2007 | 17696953 |
| numerical taxonomy of the genus pestivirus based on palindromic nucleotide substitutions in the 5' untranslated region. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna have been considered for taxonomical segregation of species, through the evaluation of 430 genomic sequences. on the basis of qualitative and quantitative secondary structure characteristics, six species have been identified: bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2), classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease ... | 2007 | 17719098 |
| the pestivirus glycoprotein erns is anchored in plane in the membrane via an amphipathic helix. | e(rns) is a structural glycoprotein of pestiviruses found to be attached to the virion and to membranes within infected cells via its cooh terminus, although it lacks a hydrophobic anchor sequence. the cooh-terminal sequence was hypothesized to fold into an amphipathic alpha-helix. alanine insertion scanning revealed that the ability of the e(rns) cooh terminus to bind membranes is considerably reduced by the insertion of a single amino acid at a wide variety of positions. mutations decreasing t ... | 2007 | 17848558 |
| epidemiological study of border disease virus infection in southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) after an outbreak of disease in the pyrenees (ne spain). | in 2001 and 2002, an outbreak of a previously unreported disease, associated with a border disease virus (bdv), caused high mortality in the southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) population in the alt pallars-aran national hunting reserve in the catalan pyrenees (ne spain). between 2002 and 2006, sera and/or tissue samples taken from 116 healthy chamois shot during the hunting season, plus 42 from chamois affected by different diseases, were studied. a blocking enzyme-immunosorbent assay (elisa ... | 2008 | 17881162 |
| validation of two commercial real-time rt-pcr kits for rapid and specific diagnosis of classical swine fever virus. | two real-time rt-pcr kits, developed by lsi (taqvet csf) and adiagene (adiavet csf), obtained an agreement to be commercialised in france, subject to conditions, defined by the french classical swine fever (csf) national reference laboratory. the producers were asked to introduce an internal control to check the rna extraction efficacy. the different criteria assessed were sensitivity, "pestivirus specificity", reproducibility and ease of handling, using 189 different samples. these samples were ... | 2008 | 17913249 |
| impact of variation in acute virulence of bvdv1 strains on design of better vaccine efficacy challenge models. | due to antigenic differences between bvdv1 and bvdv2 strains, both pestivirus species are included in u.s. vaccines. the efficacy of these vaccines in preventing acute infections is evaluated based on reduction of clinical disease. while high virulence bvdv2 strains are used in u.s. vaccine efficacy studies, the bvdv1 strain used (ny-1) produces very little in the way of clinical disease. in order to identify a bvdv1 strain that generates a more pronounced clinical presentation, three field stra ... | 2007 | 17942196 |
| the npro product of classical swine fever virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus uses a conserved mechanism to target interferon regulatory factor-3. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a member of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae. the n(pro) product of csfv targets the host's innate immune response and can prevent the production of type i interferon (ifn). the mechanism by which csfv orchestrates this inhibition was investigated and it is shown that, like the related pestivirus bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), this involves the n(pro) protein targeting interferon regulatory factor-3 (irf-3) for degradation by proteasomes ... | 2007 | 17947522 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) nucleic acid and antigen in different organs of water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis). | bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) is a pestivirus that infects mainly bovine cattle. nevertheless, there are several reports about infections in other members of the artiodactyla order including serological studies, that indicate infection of bvdv in buffaloes. the aim of this article is to study the presence of bvdv in three young water buffaloes, displaying nonspecific clinical signs, compatible with the bvdv infection. both immunohistochemistry and rt-pcr confirmed the presence of bvdv in t ... | 2008 | 17949764 |
| febrile response and decrease in circulating lymphocytes following acute infection of white-tailed deer fawns with either a bvdv1 or a bvdv2 strain. | although commonly associated with infection in cattle, bovine viral diarrhea viruses (bvdv) also replicate in many domestic and wildlife species, including cervids. bovine viral diarrhea viruses have been isolated from a number of cervids, including mule deer (odocoileus hemionus), european roe deer (capreolus capreolus), red deer (cervus elaphus), white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), and mouse deer (tragulus javanicus), but little information is available regarding clinical presentation ... | 2007 | 17984260 |
| imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines inhibit the in vitro replication of the classical swine fever virus and target the viral polymerase. | selective inhibitors of the replication of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) may have the potential to control the spread of the infection in an epidemic situation. we here report that 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (bpip) is a highly potent inhibitor of the in vitro replication of csfv. the compound resulted in a dose-dependent antiviral effect in pk(15) cells with a 50% effective concentration (ec(50)) for the inhibition of csfv alfort(187) (subgroup 1.1) of ... | 2008 | 17997169 |
| real-time rt-pcr assay for rapid and specific detection of classical swine fever virus: comparison of sybr green and taqman mgb detection methods using novel mgb probes. | real-time pcr is an accurate, rapid and reliable method that can be used for the detection and also for the quantitation of specific dna molecules. the basic principle is the recurring measurement of a fluorescent signal, which is proportional to the amount of amplification product. in our trial two detection systems were tested for classical swine fever virus (csfv) detection and for its discrimination from other pestiviruses; non-specific dsdna-binding dye sybr green and specific fluorogenic t ... | 2008 | 18001851 |
| bovine viral diarrhea virus core is an intrinsically disordered protein that binds rna. | pestiviruses, including bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), are important animal pathogens and close relatives of hepatitis c virus. pestivirus particles are composed of an rna genome, a host-derived lipid envelope, and four virion-encoded structural proteins, core (c), e(rns), e1, and e2. core is a small, highly basic polypeptide that is processed by three enzymatic cleavages before its incorporation into virions. little is known about its biological properties or its role in virion assembly an ... | 2008 | 18032507 |
| the internal initiation of translation in bovine viral diarrhea virus rna depends on the presence of an rna pseudoknot upstream of the initiation codon. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is the prototype representative of the pestivirus genus in the flaviviridae family. it has been shown that the initiation of translation of bvdv rna occurs by an internal ribosome entry mechanism mediated by the 5' untranslated region of the viral rna 1. the 5' and 3' boundaries of the ires of the cytopathic bvdv nadl have been mapped and it has been suggested that the ires extends into the coding of the bvdv polyprotein 2. a putative pseudoknot structure has b ... | 2007 | 18034871 |
| factor requirements for translation initiation on the simian picornavirus internal ribosomal entry site. | the simian picornavirus type 9 (spv9) 5'-untranslated region (5' utr) has been predicted to contain an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) with structural elements that resemble domains of hepacivirus/pestivirus (hp) iress. in vitro reconstitution of initiation confirmed that this 5' utr contains an ires and revealed that it has both functional similarities and differences compared to hp iress. like hp iress, the spv9 ires bound directly to 40s subunits and eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 3, ... | 2008 | 18094123 |
| transdominant inhibition of bovine viral diarrhea virus entry. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a positive-strand rna virus and a member of the genus pestivirus in the family flaviviridae. to identify and characterize essential factors required for bvdv replication, a library expressing random fragments of the bvdv genome was screened for sequences that act as transdominant inhibitors of viral replication by conferring resistance to cytopathic bvdv-induced cell death. we isolated a bvdv-nonpermissive mdbk cell clone that harbored a 1.2-kb insertion spa ... | 2008 | 18094189 |
| the relationship between the viral rna level and upregulation of innate immunity in spleen of cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | persistent infection in cattle with bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), which is classified in the genus pestivirus, family flaviviridae, may result in growth retardation and immunosuppression. in vitro infection with noncytopathogenic (ncp) bvdv has been shown to suppress interferon (ifn) responses, whereas ncpbvdv induces transient strong ifn responses in vivo following acute infection of naïve cattle. in this study, the innate immune response of the spleen, a crucial organ for immune system h ... | 2008 | 18155368 |
| prevalence of border disease virus in spanish lambs. | the prevalence of border disease virus (bdv) viraemia in spanish lambs was determined from 2089 sera randomly collected at two slaughterhouses in 2001 and 2003, as well as in 126 sera obtained in 2004 from a fattening unit with an acute disease problem. bdv was detected with an indirect peroxidase monolayer assay (ipma), and for the fattening unit sera also by an antigen elisa. a subset of sera was additionally tested for bdv antibodies. the bdv prevalence in the slaughterhouse sera was 0.24%, w ... | 2008 | 18162332 |
| new insights into internal ribosome entry site elements relevant for viral gene expression. | a distinctive feature of positive-strand rna viruses is the presence of high-order structural elements at the untranslated regions (utr) of the genome that are essential for viral rna replication. the rna of all members of the family picornaviridae initiate translation internally, via an internal ribosome entry site (ires) element present in the 5' utr. ires elements consist of cis-acting rna structures that usually require specific rna-binding proteins for translational machinery recruitment. t ... | 2008 | 18272751 |
| genetic characterization of ovine pestiviruses isolated in france, between 1985 and 2006. | in order to investigate the genetic heterogeneity of ovine pestivirus isolates in france, 32-clinical samples collected between 1985 and 2006, previously detected positive by indirect immuno-fluorescence for the presence of border disease virus (bdv), were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). parts of the 5'-non-coding region (5'-ncr) and the npro-coding region were successfully amplified from 23 samples. an internal control was designed and used to assess the vali ... | 2008 | 18299176 |
| molecular characterization of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 isolate originating from a native indian sheep (ovies aries). | the wide spread prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (bvdv-1) in cattle and recent identification of bvdv-2 in goats in india warranted pestivirus surveillance in sheep. nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was used to detect bvdv-2 in one of 1561 blood samples collected randomly from 78 sheep flocks in 11 states of india. antigenic characterization of the isolated pestivirus using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies typed the isolate as bvdv-2. when analy ... | 2008 | 18308487 |
| direct recovery of infectious pestivirus from a full-length rt-pcr amplicon. | this study describes the use of a novel and rapid long reverse transcription (rt)-pcr for the generation of infectious full-length cdna of pestiviruses. to produce rescued viruses, full-length rt-pcr amplicons of 12.3 kb, including a t7-promotor, were transcribed directly in vitro, and the resulting rna transcripts were electroporated into ovine cells. infectious virus was obtained after one cell culture passage. the rescued viruses had a phenotype similar to the parental border disease virus st ... | 2008 | 18336923 |
| an extended outbreak of congenital chondrodysplasia in calves in south east australia. | to report an outbreak of congenital chondrodystrophy in calves in south east australia. | 2008 | 18363985 |
| virucidal activity of ortho-phthalaldehyde solutions against hepatitis b and c viruses. | ortho-phthalaldehyde (opa), a high-level disinfectant alternative to glutaraldehyde, was tested for efficacy against human hepatitis b virus (hbv) and hepatitis c virus (hcv) using surrogate animal viruses. hbv and hcv are the most prevalent human bloodborne viruses but have not yet been propagated in the laboratory. the surrogate viruses, duck hepatitis b virus (dhbv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), were used to assess the virucidal efficacy of opa on hbv and hcv, respectively. after a ... | 2008 | 18371520 |
| concurrent peste des petits ruminants virus and pestivirus infection in stillborn twin lambs. | concurrent infection with peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) and pestivirus was diagnosed in stillborn twin lambs. with the flock history, the findings of epidermal syncytial cells and necrotizing bronchitis/bronchiolitis prompted testing for pprv infection, and pprv antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry (ihc) in the skin, lungs, kidneys, rumen, and thymus. macroscopic anomalies that were typical of border disease included scoliosis, brachygnathism, prognathism, arthrogryposis, hydra ... | 2008 | 18424832 |
| histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in two white-tailed deer fawns persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen of domestic cattle. serologic, experimental, and individual case studies explored the presence and pathogenesis of the virus in wild ungulates; however, there remain large gaps in knowledge regarding bvdv infection in nonbovine species. live twins were born from a white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) doe infected with noncytopathic bvdv during its first trimester of pregnancy. the twins died at 1 day of age from trauma unrelated t ... | 2008 | 18460614 |
| development of a magnetic bead microarray for simultaneous and simple detection of four pestiviruses. | this study reports a novel method for the rapid detection and identification of the four recognized species in the pestivirus genus of the flaviviridae family, i.e. classical swine fever virus (csfv), border disease virus (bdv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus type 1 (bvdv1) and type 2 (bvdv2). the analysis of pestivirus pcr products was performed on microarrays by means of magnetic bead detection. the process utilizes an oligonucleotide array, onto which 5' biotinylated pcr products were hybridize ... | 2009 | 18514335 |
| bvdv in british alpacas. | | 2008 | 18552333 |
| simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus and north american genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus using a duplex real-time rt-pcr. | classical swine fever and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome are both notifiable diseases of the world organization for animal health (oie). the two diseases exhibit indistinguishable clinical symptoms and sometimes co-exist in swine herds. in this study, a duplex real-time rt-pcr for simultaneous detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) and north american (na) genotype porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) based on two differently labeled taqman probes wa ... | 2008 | 18582953 |
| genoepidemiological evaluation of bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 species based on secondary structures in the 5' untranslated region. | bovine viral diarrhea virus 2 (bvdv-2) strains demonstrated in cattle, sheep, and adventitious contaminants of biological products have been evaluated by the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) method at the three variable loci (v1, v2 and v3) in the 5' untranslated region (utr), to determine their taxonomical status. variation in conserved genomic sequences was used as parameter for epidemiological evaluation of the species in relation with geographical distribution, animal host and viru ... | 2008 | 18628597 |
| the npro product of classical swine fever virus interacts with ikappabalpha, the nf-kappab inhibitor. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) belongs to the genus pestivirus and is the causative agent of classical swine fever, a haemorrhagic disease of pigs. the virus replicates in host cells without activating interferon (ifn) production and has been reported to be an antagonist of double-stranded rna-induced apoptosis. the n-terminal protease (n(pro)) of csfv is responsible for this evasion of the host innate immune response. in order to identify cellular proteins that interact with the n(pro) prod ... | 2008 | 18632959 |
| taxonomy of genus hepacivirus. application of palindromic nucleotide substitutions for the determination of genotypes of human hepatitis c virus species. | the palindromic nucleotide substitutions (pns) in the 5'-untranslated region (utr) of pestivirus rna have been described as a new, simple and practical method for genotyping. given the genetic relatedness between pestivirus and hepatitis c virus species, the application of the method was investigated preliminarily on 180 isolates, including reference strains. the keys for hepatitis c virus identification have been determined at the genus, species, genotype and subtype levels. secondary structure ... | 2008 | 18657575 |
| descriptive study of a pestivirus infection in an austrian goat. | | 2008 | 18689783 |
| clinical and laboratorial findings in pregnant ewes and their progeny infected with border disease virus (bdv-4 genotype). | to evaluate the pathogenicity of local isolates of ovine pestiviruses (bdv-4 genotype), 13 virus- and antibody-negative, artificially inseminated pregnant ewes were challenged on days 108 (5 ewes), 76 (5 ewes) and 55 of pregnancy (3 ewes) with 2 ml of ovine pestivirus containing 10(6) tcid(50). viraemia was detected by rt-pcr from 2 to 15 days pi in most ewes. no abortion due to the infection was observed but the number of stillbirths was high (32%), and bodyweight at lambing was significantly r ... | 2009 | 18755485 |
| bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) infections in dairy herds: self clearance and the detection of seroconversions against a new atypical pestivirus. | the epidemiology of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) and bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) was studied in a population of small dairy herds that had not been vaccinated. bulk tank milk samples of 186 herds in thailand were collected four times between 2002 and 2004. serum samples from individual animals in 11 herds were also taken on three occasions. the prevalence of bhv-1 in the 186 herds was 61% in 2002, decreasing to 48% in 2004 and for bvdv was 91% in 2002, decreasing to 72% in 2004. a b ... | 2009 | 18760643 |
| the ultrastructure of cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts containing togavirus-like particles. | the ultrastructural appearance of fibroblasts cultured from specific pathogen-free chick embryos is described. these cells contained virus-like particles approximately 50 nm in diameter which accumulated in cytoplasmic vacuoles. in their size, morphology and mode of replication these particles closely resemble viruses in the genus pestivirus, family togaviridae. | 1987 | 18766654 |
| persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in wild cervids of colorado. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is a significant viral pathogen of domestic cattle. worldwide, there is evidence of bvdv exposure and infection in wild ungulates; however, the frequency and significance of such events are unknown. to determine the prevalence and distribution of colorado deer, elk, and moose persistently infected (pi) with bvdv, a cross-sectional study was conducted using full-thickness ear tissue samples collected from animals presented to the colorado division of wildlife fo ... | 2008 | 18776103 |
| rnase-dependent inhibition of extracellular, but not intracellular, dsrna-induced interferon synthesis by erns of pestiviruses. | recombinant pestivirus envelope glycoprotein e(rns) has been shown to interfere with dsrna-induced interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) synthesis. this study demonstrated that authentic, enzymically active e(rns) produced in mammalian cells prevented a dsrna-induced ifn response when present in the supernatant of bovine cells. strikingly, ifn synthesis of cells expressing e(rns) was eliminated after extracellular addition, but not transfection, of dsrna. importantly, the same applied to cells infected wi ... | 2008 | 18796719 |
| evidence for persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a captive mountain goat (oreamnos americanus). | bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) viruses are pestiviruses that have been isolated from domestic and wild ruminants. there is serologic evidence of pestiviral infection in more than 40 species of free-range and captive mammals. vertical transmission can produce persistently infected animals that are immunotolerant to the infecting strain of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and shed virus throughout their lives. seven species (white-tailed deer, mouse deer, eland, domestic cattle, alpaca, sheep, and ... | 2008 | 18987224 |
| genetic diversity of pestivirus isolates in cattle from western austria. | the genetic diversity of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates in infected cattle from tyrol and vorarlberg (austria) was investigated. blood samples were collected within the compulsory austrian bvdv control programme during 2005 and 2006. the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) and partially the n-terminal autoprotease (n(pro)) were amplified by one-step reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the pcr products were subsequently sequenced. phylogenetic analysis based on ... | 2009 | 19019571 |
| border disease virus (bdv) infections of small ruminants in turkey: a new bdv subgroup? | blood samples from sheep and/or goats from eight small ruminant flocks in the turkish provinces of aydin and burdur were tested for the presence of pestiviruses using an antigen-capture elisa. from clinically affected animals, pathological and immunohistochemical findings were recorded. post mortem examination of a virus-positive lamb showing abnormal fleece and paralysis of the hind legs revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis with hypomyelinogenesis. by immunohistochemistry pestivirus ... | 2009 | 19019578 |
| antiviral activity of benzimidazole derivatives. i. antiviral activity of 1-substituted-2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles. | forty-three 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazoles, bearing either linear (dialkylamino)alkyl- or bulkier (quinolizidin-1-yl)alkyl moieties at position 1, were evaluated in cell-based assays for cytotoxicity and antiviral activity against viruses representative of two of the three genera of the flaviviridae family, i.e. flaviviruses (yellow fever virus (yfv)) and pestiviruses (bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv)), as hepaciviruses can hardly be used in routine cell-based assays. compounds ... | 2008 | 19035566 |
| the viral rnase e(rns) prevents ifn type-i triggering by pestiviral single- and double-stranded rnas. | interferon (ifn) type-i is of utmost importance in the innate antiviral defence of eukaryotic cells. the cells express intra- and extracellular receptors that monitor their surroundings for the presence of viral genomes. bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), a pestivirus of the family flaviviridae, is able to prevent ifn synthesis induced by poly(ic), a synthetic dsrna. the evasion of innate immunity might be a decisive ability of bvdv to establish persistent infection in its host. we report that ... | 2009 | 19041350 |
| the use of pestivirus antigen elisa currently available for the detection of hairy shaker disease / border disease virus in sheep. | | 2008 | 19043475 |
| regeneration and characterization of a recombinant bovine viral diarrhea virus and determination of its efficacy to cross the bovine placenta. | the capacity of different bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) strains to cause transplacental infection is variable. bvdv strain sd-1 was isolated from a persistently infected heifer. its genome represents the only reported nucleotide sequence of a noncytopathic viral isolate determined without cell culture passage in the laboratory. thus, sd-1 might possess biological advantages over other ncp bvdv strains to be used as a model virus for investigation of viral transplacental transmission. to eva ... | 2009 | 19067148 |
| serologic and virologic investigations into pestivirus infection in wild and domestic ruminants in the pyrenees (ne spain). | an outbreak of disease associated to a border disease virus was described in the southern chamois (rupicapra pyrenaica) in spain in 2002. sera and/or spleen samples from 57 mouflon, 15 red deer, 21 roe deer, 3 fallow deer, 55 sheep, 32 cattle, and 68 goats sharing the chamois habitat were studied. an antibody elisa test yielded an inconclusive result in 2 mouflon and positive results in 5 goat sera. comparative virus neutralization tests were performed on the 2 inconclusive mouflons, 3 of the 5 ... | 2009 | 19084245 |
| study on continuous (254 nm) and pulsed uv (266 and 355 nm) lights on bvd virus inactivation and its effects on biological properties of fetal bovine serum. | both continuous uv lights and pulsed uv lasers have potentials to inactivate known and emerging viruses. bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), from the pestivirus genus, is known to be a common viral contamination in (fetal) bovine serum (fbs). also, bvdv has been used in the blood product industry as a surrogate for hepatitis c virus (hcv), due to its similarity in structure and genome. germicidal uv lamp with the wavelength of 254 nm and nd:yag laser (pulsed uv laser) in its third and fourth har ... | 2009 | 19095459 |
| complete nucleotide and amino acid sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus, a member of a new species in the genus kobuvirus, family picornaviridae. | kobuvirus is a new genus in the family picornaviridae. two species are currently known: aichi virus (human kobuvirus) and bovine kobuvirus (u-1). in this study, the complete nucleotide and amino acid sequences and genetic organization of porcine kobuvirus (kobuvirus/swine/s-1-hun/2007/hungary, eu787450) were determined. the structure of the s-1-hun genome, vpg-5'utr-leader protein-structural proteins (vp0, vp3, vp1)-non-structural proteins (2a-2c, 3a-3d)-3'utr-poly(a) tail, was found to be typic ... | 2009 | 19096904 |
| detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus from three water buffalo fetuses (bubalus bubalis) in southern italy. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an important pathogen that primarily infects ruminants, leading to several clinical problems including abortion. bvdv-specific antibodies were reported in a wide range of hosts within domestic and wildlife animal populations, and serological studies also indicated bvdv infection in buffaloes. the purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of bvdv in 2 water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) herds with a history of abortion. virus isolation from aborted fetuse ... | 2009 | 19139516 |
| disseminated bovine viral diarrhea virus in a persistently infected alpaca (vicugna pacos) cria. | bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) is an emerging infectious pathogen of concern to the alpaca industry. a 4-month-old, intact, male alpaca cria was diagnosed as persistently infected with bvdv on the basis of repeated positive antemortem polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and virus isolation (vi) assays and negative serologic titers to bvdv. immunohistochemistry, real-time reverse transcription pcr, and vi performed on tissues collected at necropsy demonstrated disseminated bvdv-1b infection. viru ... | 2009 | 19139518 |
| synthesis of the first example of a nucleoside analogue bearing a 5'-deoxy-beta-d-allo-septanose as a seven-membered ring sugar moiety. | the first example of a nucleoside analogue bearing a 5'-deoxy-beta-d-allo-septanose as a seven-membered ring sugar moiety, namely 9-(5-deoxy-beta-d-allo-septanosyl)-adenine, is reported. this compound was synthesized in 14 steps from the commercially available d-glycero-d-gulo-1,4-lactone. when evaluated in cell culture experiments against a broad range of viruses, it did not exhibit any significant antiviral effect or cytotoxicity. | 2009 | 19147123 |
| prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) antibodies among sheep and goats in india. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pestivirus antibodies in sheep and goats in india. a total of 2803 serum samples collected between 2004 and 2008 from 1777 sheep in 92 flocks and 1026 goats in 63 flocks belonging to 13 states were tested by competition elisa for detection of pestivirus antibodies. in sheep, the true prevalence rate was 23.4% (95% confidence interval: 22.9%-27.0%) and in goats it was 16.9% (95% ci: 16.4%-21.3%). the flock level seroprevalence was 66.3% for ... | 2009 | 19153817 |
| field and laboratory evidence that bungowannah virus, a recently recognised pestivirus, is the causative agent of the porcine myocarditis syndrome (pmc). | in 2003 an outbreak of sudden deaths occurred in 2-3-week-old piglets on a piggery in new south wales, australia. there was a marked increase in the birth of stillborn piglets and preweaning losses associated with a multifocal non-suppurative myocarditis with myonecrosis. the aim of this study was to review existing data and to undertake further investigations of specimens from naturally infected pigs to provide evidence to support the hypothesis that bungowannah virus, a recently recognised pes ... | 2009 | 19157727 |
| phylogeny, classification and evolutionary insights into pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus comprises four established species: bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); and a tentative species, pestivirus of giraffe. additional pestiviruses have been identified and suggested for recognition as novel subgroups/species. to achieve a reliable phylogeny as the basis for classification of pestiviruses, a molecular dataset of 56 pestiviruses and 2089 characters, comprising the 5'utr, com ... | 2009 | 19167739 |
| seroprevalence and characterization of pestivirus infections in small ruminants and new world camelids in switzerland. | the seroprevalence of pestivirus infections in small ruminants and new world camelids in switzerland was determined. in 5'059 sera of sheep from 382 herds, 503 sera of goats from 54 herds and 109 sera of alpacas and lamas from 53 herds, population prevalences of 16.1% (sheep), 25.4% (goats) and 4.6% (new world camelids), respectively, were found. in order to determine the source of infection, the serological reactions were further characterized by cross-neutralization against two pestiviruses re ... | 2009 | 19263380 |
| mutation of cysteine 171 of pestivirus e rns rnase prevents homodimer formation and leads to attenuation of classical swine fever virus. | pestiviruses represent important pathogens of farm animals that have evolved unique strategies and functions to stay within their host populations. e(rns), a structural glycoprotein of pestiviruses, exhibits rnase activity and represents a virulence factor of the viruses. e(rns) forms disulfide linked homodimers that are found in virions and virus-infected cells. mutation or deletion of cysteine 171, the residue engaged in intermolecular disulfide bond formation, results in loss of dimerization ... | 2009 | 19264773 |
| new drug targets for hepatitis c and other flaviviridae viruses. | the flaviviridae family comprises the genus flavivirus, hepacivirus and pestivirus. these viruses are responsible for considerable human and animal disease and mortality worldwide. flaviviruses cause a range of acute febrile illnesses along with encephalitic or haemorrhagic diseases. chronic hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection is the most important hepacivirus human disease and remains a global health threat with nearly 200 million carriers worldwide. current treatment consists in the use of pegin ... | 2009 | 19275702 |
| comparative moleculo-immunological analysis of swamp- and riverine-type water buffaloes responses. | this moleculo-epidemiological and immunological study through cytokine response assessment was done to know the dynamics of cytokines in the initiation, persistence and association to physiological changes of a particular pathogen in water buffaloes. this is important to understand the magnitude and behavior of disease progression. water buffalo blood samples gathered from different places in the philippines revealed a 9.4%, 27.6%, 10.3% and 4.4% prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), ... | 2009 | 19285880 |