| host preference of the arbovirus vector culex erraticus (diptera: culicidae) at sonso lake, cauca valley department, colombia. | culex erraticus (dyar & knab) is a competent vector of eastern equine encephalitis virus and subtype ic venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, and both st. louis encephalitis virus and west nile virus have been isolated from field-collected specimens. previous bloodmeal analysis studies have shown this species to be a generalist, feeding on a variety of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. this behavior can bridge arboviral transmission across different vertebrate groups. our study examined ... | 2012 | 23025191 |
| west nile virus disease and other arboviral diseases - united states, 2011. | arthropodborne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. symptomatic infections most often manifest as a systemic febrile illness and, less commonly, as neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, or acute flaccid paralysis). west nile virus (wnv) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the united states. however, several other arboviruses also cause seasonal outbreaks and sporadic cases. in ... | 2012 | 22785342 |
| vascular mineralization in the brain of horses. | vascular mineralization (siderocalcinosis) in the brain of horses has been usually assumed to be an incidental age-related finding with no clinic significance. in the present study, eight 15-32-year-old horses of different breeds with cerebral siderocalcinosis were studied. four of these horses had acute and severe central nervous system clinical signs of unknown etiology, 2 horses had neurological signs of known cause, and 2 horses did not have neurological signs. gross examination of the brain ... | 2012 | 22529137 |
| in vitro antiviral activity of heterophyllaea pustulata extracts. | the antiviral activity was tested of different polarity extracts, with differing chemical composition, obtained from aerial parts of heterophyllaea pustulata hook f. (rubiaceae) against herpes simplex virus type i (hsv-1) and saint louis encephalitis virus (slev). the vero cell line was employed as a host cell for the antiviral assessment of benzene (ben), ethyl acetate (etoac) and ethanol (etoh) extracts by means of the neutral red uptake assay and plaque reduction test. none of the extracts sh ... | 2012 | 22978221 |
| waiting in the wings: the potential of mosquito transmitted flaviviruses to emerge. | the sudden dramatic emergence of the mosquito transmitted flavivirus zika virus has bought to the world's attention a relatively obscure virus that was previously only known to specialist researchers. the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae contains a number of well-known mosquito transmitted human pathogenic viruses including the dengue, yellow fever, japanese encephalitis and west nile viruses. however, the genus also contains a number of lesser known human pathogenic viruses transmitt ... | 2016 | 27800692 |
| a serological protein microarray for detection of multiple cross-reactive flavivirus infections in horses for veterinary and public health surveillance. | the genus flavivirus in the family flaviviridae includes some of the most important examples of emerging zoonotic arboviruses that are rapidly spreading across the globe. japanese encephalitis virus (jev), west nile virus (wnv), st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) and usutu virus (usuv) are mosquito-borne members of the jev serological group. although most infections in humans are asymptomatic or present with mild flu-like symptoms, clinical manifestations of jev, wnv, slev, usuv and tick-borne ... | 2016 | 27633257 |
| the yin and yang of antiviral innate immunity in central nervous system. | the innate immune system provides protection against invading neurotropic viruses. it acts as the first line of defense against invading viruses and plays an elementary role in their pathogenesis. the list of viruses capable of infecting human central nervous system (cns) is quite long, most important of them are japanese encephalitis virus (jev), rabies virus, west nile virus (wnv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), la crosse virus, tick borne encephalitis virus ( ... | 2016 | 26635264 |
| resurgence of west nile neurologic disease in the united states in 2012: what happened? what needs to be done? | the resurgence in cases of neurologic disease caused by west nile virus (wnv) in the united states in 2012 came as a surprise to the general public and to many non-arbovirus researchers. following the introduction of wnv into the us in 1999, the number of human infections rose dramatically, peaking in 2002-03. however, cases declined from 2008-11, and it was unclear if the virus would continue to have a low-level endemic transmission pattern with occasional outbreaks, like the related flavivirus ... | 2013 | 23624155 |
| a saint louis encephalitis and rocio virus serosurvey in brazilian horses. | arboviruses are an important public health problem in brazil, in especially flaviviruses, including the saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) and the rocio virus (rocv), are especially problematic. these viruses are transmitted to humans or other vertebrates through arthropod bites and may cause diseases with clinical manifestations that range from asymptomatic infection, viral hemorrhagic fever to encephalitis. | 2014 | 25229279 |
| saint louis encephalitis virus, another re-emerging arbovirus: a literature review of worldwide research. | not available. | 2017 | 28353461 |
| development of a model of saint louis encephalitis infection and disease in mice. | flaviviruses are a genre of closely related viral pathogens which emerged in the last decades in brazil and in the world. saint (st.) louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a neglected flavivirus that can cause a severe neurological disease that may lead to death or sequelae. st. louis encephalitis pathogenesis is poorly understood, which hinders the development of specific treatment or vaccine. | 2017 | 28330482 |
| mutagen resistance and mutation restriction of st. louis encephalitis virus. | the error rate of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of rna viruses is important in maintaining genetic diversity for viral adaptation and fitness. numerous studies have shown that mutagen-resistant rna virus variants display amino acid mutations in the rdrp and other replicase subunits, which in turn exhibit an altered fidelity phenotype affecting viral fitness, adaptability and pathogenicity. st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), like its close relative west nile virus, is a mosquito-borne ... | 2017 | 28284278 |
| tissue tropism of saint louis encephalitis virus: histopathology triggered by epidemic and non-epidemic strains isolated in argentina. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) reemerged in south america, and caused encephalitis outbreaks at the beginning of the 21st century. to enhance our knowledge about slev virulence, we performed comparative pathogenesis studies in swiss albino mice inoculated with two different variants, the epidemic strain cbaar-4005 and the non-epidemic strain coran-9275. only the infection of mice with slev strain cbaar-4005 resulted in high viremia, invasion of peripheral tissues including the lungs, kidn ... | 2017 | 28279829 |
| thiosemicarbazones and phthalyl-thiazoles compounds exert antiviral activity against yellow fever virus and saint louis encephalitis virus. | arboviruses, arthropod-borneviruses, are frequency associated to human outbreak and represent a serious health problem. the genus flavivirus, such as yellow fever virus (yfv) and saint louis encephalitis virus (slev), are important pathogens with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. in brazil, yfv is maintained in sylvatic cycle, but many cases are notified annually, despite the efficiency of vaccine. slev causes an acute encephalitis and is widely distributed in the americas. there is no spe ... | 2017 | 28068627 |
| mutagen resistance and mutation restriction of st. louis encephalitis virus. | the error rate of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) of rna viruses is important in maintaining genetic diversity for viral adaptation and fitness. numerous studies have shown that mutagen-resistant rna virus variants display amino acid mutations in the rdrp and other replicase subunits, which in turn exhibit an altered fidelity phenotype affecting viral fitness, adaptability, and pathogenicity. st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), like its close relative west nile virus (wnv), is a mosquit ... | 2016 | 27959789 |
| [saint louis encephalitis: case report]. | saint louis encephalitis is transmitted by culex mosquitoes. in argentina sporadic cases are registered. symptomatic illness is unusual in children. we present a case of meningoencephalitis caused by an uncommon viral infection. the clinical signs and symptoms are unusual for pediatric patients and the bilateral thalamic compromise showed on magnetic resonance has not been described previously. an 8-year-old girl consulted due to fever, behavior disorders and ataxia. clonus and neck stiffness we ... | 2016 | 27399031 |
| astrocyte response to st. louis encephalitis virus. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), a flavivirus transmitted to humans by culex mosquitoes, causes clinical symptoms ranging from acute febrile disorder to encephalitis. to reach the central nervous system (cns) from circulating blood, the pathogen must cross the blood-brain barrier formed by endothelial cells and astrocytes. because astrocytes play an essential role in cns homeostasis, in this study these cells were infected with slev and investigated for astrogliosis, major histocompatibility ... | 2016 | 26975980 |
| surveys for antibodies against mosquitoborne encephalitis viruses in california birds, 1996-2013. | from 1996 through 2013, 54,546 individual birds comprising 152 species and 7 orders were banded, bled, and released at four study areas within california, from which 28,388 additional serum samples were collected at one or more recapture encounters. of these, 142, 99, and 1929 birds from 41 species were positive for neutralizing antibodies against western equine encephalomyelitis virus (weev), st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), or west nile virus (wnv) at initial capture or recapture, respecti ... | 2016 | 26974395 |
| concurrent outbreaks of st. louis encephalitis virus and west nile virus disease - arizona, 2015. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) and west nile virus (wnv) are closely related mosquito-borne flaviviruses that can cause outbreaks of acute febrile illness and neurologic disease. both viruses are endemic throughout much of the united states and have the same culex species mosquito vectors and avian hosts (1); however, since wnv was first identified in the united states in 1999, slev disease incidence has been substantially lower than wnv disease incidence, and no outbreaks involving the two ... | 2015 | 26656306 |
| [serological evidence of st. louis encephalitis virus circulation in birds from buenos aires city, argentina]. | our goal was to determine the presence of neutralizing antibodies against st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) and west nile virus (wnv) in sera of wild and domestic birds from buenos aires city, argentina. from october 2012 to april 2013, 180 samples were collected and processed by the microneutralization technique. a 7.2% of the sampled birds were seropositive for slev, while no seropositive birds for wnv were detected. | 2016 | 26627114 |
| serologic evidence of flavivirus infections in peridomestic rodents in merida, mexico. | we conducted surveillance for flavivirus infection in peridomestic rodents in merida, mexico in 2011-12. we captured 161 rodents inside private residences, using sherman traps, including 86 house mice (mus musculus) and 75 black rats (rattus rattus). serum from each animal was assayed by plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt) using two vertebrate-specific flaviviruses (apoi and modoc viruses) and five mosquito-borne flaviviruses (dengue 2, dengue 4, st. louis encephalitis virus, west nile, ... | 2016 | 26540177 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus mosquito vectors dynamics in three different environments in relation to remotely sensed environmental conditions. | in argentina the st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) is an endemic and widely distributed pathogen transmitted by the cosmopolitan mosquito culex quinquefasciatus. during two outbreaks in córdoba city, in 2005 and 2010, culex interfor was also found infected, but its role as vector of slev is poorly known. this mosquito species is distributed from central argentina to southern brazil. the primary aim of this study was to analyze the population dynamic of cx. interfor and cx. quinquefasciatus in ... | 2015 | 25792419 |
| [molecular detection of saint louis encephalitis virus in mosquitoes in buenos aires]. | during march 2013 a population of eared doves (zenaida auriculata) was established in the center of city of buenos aires. considering the role of these birds as host competent for saint louis encephalitis virus (slev), a cdc light trap was put in place to perform entomologic surveillance. during this month 5 pools of mosquitoes (n = 48) were collected and taxonomically determined. three of them were classified as culex pipiens (n = 10) and the other two were culex spp. (n = 38). in this case, th ... | 2014 | 25555001 |
| saint louis encephalitis virus and other arboviruses in the differential diagnosis for dengue. | | 2014 | 25467251 |
| serological evidence for saint louis encephalitis virus in free-ranging new world monkeys and horses within the upper paraná river basin region, southern brazil. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) primarily occurs in the americas and produces disease predominantly in humans. this study investigated the serological presence of slev in nonhuman primates and horses from southern brazil. | 2014 | 25075477 |
| west nile and st. louis encephalitis viruses. | | 2014 | 25015498 |
| infection with saint louis encephalitis virus in the city of ribeirao preto, brazil: report of one case. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus from the americas. in this report we describe aspects of the laboratory diagnosis of a patient with an acute febrile illness induced by slev that was initially diagnosed as dengue by positive igm-elisa. infection with this virus is probably not rare in brazil, but cases remain undiagnosed. it is necessary to improve the surveillance system, including laboratories, for the diagnosis of slev in brazil. | 2014 | 24998462 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus infection in woman, peru. | | 2014 | 24655897 |
| imperviousness as a predictor for infestation levels of container-breeding mosquitoes in a focus of dengue and saint louis encephalitis in argentina. | dengue and saint louis encephalitis virus are among the most important emerging viruses transmitted by mosquitoes at the global scale, and from 2009 onward both diseases have reached temperate argentina. to test whether the urbanization level can be used as a predictor for the infestation levels of container-breeding mosquito vectors, we searched for aedes aegypti and culex pipiens in 8400 water-filled containers from 14 cemeteries of buenos aires province and we used generalized linear models t ... | 2013 | 24071380 |
| production and diagnostic application of recombinant domain iii of west nile envelope protein in brazil. | west nile virus (wnv) is a flavivirus with a natural cycle involving mosquitoes and birds. over the last 11 years, wnv has spread throughout the americas with the imminent risk of its introduction in brazil. | 2013 | 23563834 |
| transmission of endemic st louis encephalitis virus strains by local culex quinquefasciatus populations in cordoba, argentina. | st louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a re-emerging human pathogen widely distributed in the american continent. although it is not fully understood, the slev transmission network may involve culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes as vectors and columbidae species as hosts. | 2013 | 23474474 |
| landscape determinants of saint louis encephalitis human infections in córdoba city, argentina during 2010. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) is endemic in argentina. during 2005 an outbreak occurred in córdoba. from january to april of 2010 a new outbreak occurred in córdoba city with a lower magnitude than the one reported in 2005. understanding the association of different landscape elements related to slev hosts and vectors in urban environments is important for identifying high risk areas for human infections, which was here evaluated. the current study uses a case-control approach at a house ... | 2013 | 23257661 |
| first identification of culex flavivirus (flaviviridae) in brazil. | culex flavivirus (cxfv) was first isolated in 2007 from culex pipiens in japan and then identified in several other countries. characterization of the cxfv showed that all strains are related to the cell fusing agent virus. in this manuscript we report the first identification of cxfv in south america. | 2012 | 22854125 |
| serological detection of st. louis encephalitis virus and west nile virus in equines from santa fe, argentina. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) and west nile virus (wnv) present ecological and antigenic similarities and are responsible for serious human diseases. in addition, wnv is a significant pathogen in terms of equine health. the purpose of our study was to analyse the seroprevalence of slev and wnv in equine sera collected in santa fe province, argentina. the seroprevalence determined using the plaque reduction neutralisation test was 12.2% for slev, 16.2% for wnv and 48.6% for a combination of ... | 2012 | 22666870 |
| molecular evidence of st. louis encephalitis virus infection in patients in buenos aires, argentina. | we report two cases of st. louis encephalitis where the virus was detected in patients' sera directly by molecular techniques allowing subsequent typing. phylogenetic analysis of both samples showed that ns5 sequences clustered with viruses previously classified as genotype iii. | 2012 | 22608840 |
| neuroinvasive st. louis encephalitis virus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. | in summer 2015, three unrelated solid organ transplant recipients in phoenix, arizona, had meningoencephalitis suggestive of west nile virus (wnv) infection. testing was inconclusive but was later confirmed as st. louis encephalitis (sle). we retrospectively reviewed clinical manifestations, treatment, and outcomes of these transplant recipients. common symptoms were fever, rigors, diarrhea, headache, and confusion. one patient died 3 days after hospitalization. therapy for the other two patient ... | 2017 | 28452107 |
| wing variation in culex nigripalpus (diptera: culicidae) in urban parks. | culex nigripalpus has a wide geographical distribution and is found in north and south america. females are considered primary vectors for several arboviruses, including saint louis encephalitis virus, venezuelan equine encephalitis virus and eastern equine encephalitis virus, as well as a potential vector of west nile virus. in view of the epidemiological importance of this mosquito and its high abundance, this study sought to investigate wing variation in cx. nigripalpus populations from urban ... | 2017 | 28923116 |
| host-feeding patterns of culex stigmatosoma (diptera: culicidae) in southern california. | knowledge of the blood-feeding patterns exhibited by arthropod vectors is essential for understanding the complex dynamics of vector-borne disease transmission. some species of mosquitoes belonging to the genus culex have been implicated as having major roles in the transmission of arboviruses such as west nile virus, saint louis encephalitis virus, and western equine encephalitis virus. although the host-feeding patterns for many of these culex species are well studied, the host-feeding pattern ... | 2017 | 28968822 |
| seroprevalence of selected flaviviruses in free-living and captive capuchin monkeys in the state of pernambuco, brazil. | mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever and, more recently, chikungunya virus (chikv) and zika virus (zikv) have a great impact in the public health. in addition, the presence of such viruses might have an impact on wild animal conservation as well as their possible role as animal reservoir. here, we performed a serological survey searching for antibodies against a panel of flaviviruses [zikv, dengue virus (denv), yellow fever virus (yfv), west nile virus (wnv), saint louis encephal ... | 2018 | 29424106 |
| diagnosis of fatal human case of st. louis encephalitis virus infection by metagenomic sequencing, california, 2016. | we used unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing to diagnose a fatal case of meningoencephalitis caused by st. louis encephalitis virus in a patient from california in september 2016. this case is associated with the recent 2015-2016 reemergence of this virus in the southwestern united states. | 2017 | 28930022 |
| serological evidence of widespread exposure of grenada fruit bats to chikungunya virus. | antibody detection against selected potentially zoonotic vector-borne alphaviruses and flaviviruses was conducted on sera from bats from all six parishes in grenada, west indies. sera were tested for (i) antibodies to flaviviruses west nile virus, st. louis encephalitis virus, ilhéus virus, bussuquara virus (bsqv), rio bravo virus and all four serotypes of dengue virus (denv) by plaque reduction neutralization test (prnt); (ii) antibodies to alphaviruses western equine encephalitis virus, venezu ... | 2018 | 29575672 |
| environmental stochasticity and intraspecific competition influence the population dynamics of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae). | members of the culex pipiens complex (cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus in southern usa) play a critical role in the spillover of urban arboviruses such as west nile virus or st. louis encephalitis virus. field studies have shown strong correlation between the periodicity of rainfall events and larval proliferation. however, mechanistic determinants driving this relationship are poorly understood. we hypothesize that rainfall events decrease strain from intraspecific competition through the associate ... | 2018 | 29482608 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus possibly transmitted through blood transfusion-arizona, 2015. | st. louis encephalitis virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that infrequently causes epidemic central nervous system infections. in the united states, blood donors are not screened for st. louis encephalitis virus infection, and transmission through blood transfusion has not been reported. during september 2015, st. louis encephalitis virus infection was confirmed in an arizona kidney transplant recipient. an investigation was initiated to determine the infection source. | 2017 | 28905395 |
| mosquito iridescent virus: new records from nature and infections using strelkovimermis spiculatus (mermithidae) as a vector under laboratory conditions. | iridoviridae is a dna virus family that affects both vertebrates and invertebrates. immature aquatic stages of many dipteran species infected with iridovirus have been found in different places worldwide. the most represented genera of the culicidae family are aedes and psorophora. to date, sixteen species of aedes naturally infected with iridoviruses have been reported. moreover, there are four records for the genus psorophora, one for culiseta, and two for culex. in this paper, we report two n ... | 2020 | 31903519 |
| north american culex pipiens and culex quinquefasciatus are competent vectors for usutu virus. | usutu virus (usuv) is a member of the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) serocomplex in the flaviviridae family. emergence of usuv in europe has led to disease burdens in birds and created increasing concern for the potential zoonotic transmission to humans. whilst usuv has not been detected in the new world, the identification of competent vector species in north america is critical in the assessment of the likelihood of its dispersal and establishment of enzootic transmission cycles. the object ... | 2018 | 30118480 |
| specific diagnostic method for st. louis encephalitis virus using a non-structural protein as the antigen. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a mosquito-borne re-emerging flavivirus in argentina. it is currently necessary to develop specific serological tests that can efficiently discriminate the flaviviruses that circulate in our country. the immunoassays to diagnose slev lack specificity because they are based on the detection of structural viral proteins and the human immunoglobulins produced during infection against these proteins cross-react with other flaviviruses. here, we describe an enzy ... | 2019 | 31846411 |
| serological evidence of arboviruses and coccidia infecting horses in the amazonian region of brazil. | arboviruses and protozoans can cause neurologic disorders in horses. in brazilian amazon, several horses presenting signs compatible with disorders caused by these infectious agents have been observed. | 2019 | 31830142 |
| ecological aspects of potential arbovirus vectors (diptera: culicidae) in an urban landscape of southern amazon, brazil. | amazon has been under intense human pressure, especially in the so-called "arc of deforestation" in the eastern and southern regions. changes in biodiversity due to landscape disturbance in municipalities at the arc of deforestation are likely to impact mosquito species leading to the potential for emergence of arboviruses. our aim was to describe the composition and structure of culicids in sinop, a municipality located in the southern amazon at the state of mato grosso, as well as their presen ... | 2019 | 31751525 |
| silent circulation of the saint louis encephalitis virus among humans and equids, southeast brazil. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that occurs throughout the americas, and is considered a public health threat. in brazil, slev has been detected from human cases associated with dengue-like disease, but no neurological symptoms were reported. furthermore, the epidemiology of slev in human populations is still poorly explored in the country. we reported serological and molecular detection of slev in a healthy population of equids and humans from rural areas in ... | 2019 | 31694207 |
| flaviviruses as agents of childhood central nervous system infections in brazil. | flaviviruses are agents of a major emerging human public health issue and members of this genus have been associated with central nervous system (cns) infections. in brazil, a country endemic for some arboviruses, the most clinically relevant neurotropic flaviviruses include dengue virus and zika virus. flaviviruses cause diseases ranging from mild or sub-clinical infections to severe cases as cns infections. there is a lack of data about the incidence of flaviviruses in the cns of children in b ... | 2019 | 31312458 |
| vector competence for west nile virus and st. louis encephalitis virus (flavivirus) of three tick species of the genus amblyomma (acari: ixodidae). | many species of amblyomma ticks are commonly found infesting wild birds in south america, where birds are important hosts for several arboviruses, such as west nile virus (wnv) and st. louis encephalitis virus (slev). in this study, wnv and slev transmission experiments were performed to evaluate the vector competence of three south american tick species: amblyomma ovale, amblyomma tigrinum, and amblyomma tonelliae. larval and nymphal ticks of each species were allowed to feed on chicks needle i ... | 2019 | 30887949 |
| bloodmeal host selection of culex quinquefasciatus (diptera: culicidae) in las vegas, nevada, united states. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) and west nile virus (wnv) have recently emerged in the southwestern united states. surveillance for arboviruses in las vegas, nv, detected a surge of slev activity in the southern house mosquito (culex quinquefasciatus say) during 2016. to identify candidate avian amplifiers, we assessed the identification, viral infection, and immune status of vertebrate hosts for 195 blood-engorged cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected in august and september 2016. blood ... | 2019 | 30668743 |
| molecular characterization of viruses associated with encephalitis in são paulo, brazil. | the objective of this study was to characterize the prevalence of viral encephalitis due to arbovirus infection of the togaviridae and flaviviridae families in são paulo, brazil. a total of 500 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples collected between august 2012 and january 2013, from patients with symptoms of acute encephalitis were analyzed. findings suggestive of viral encephalitis-elevations in cell concentration, glucose and total protein-were observed in 234 (46.8%) samples, designated as group ... | 2019 | 30640927 |
| reemergence of st. louis encephalitis virus in the americas. | we summarize and analyze historical and current data regarding the reemergence of st. louis encephalitis virus (slev; genus flavivirus) in the americas. historically, slev caused encephalitis outbreaks in the united states; however, it was not considered a public health concern in the rest of the americas. after the introduction of west nile virus in 1999, activity of slev decreased considerably in the united states. during 2014-2015, slev caused a human outbreak in arizona and caused isolated h ... | 2018 | 30457961 |
| first detection of mansonia titillans (diptera: culicidae) infected with st. louis encephalitis virus (flaviviridae: flavivirus) and bunyamwera serogroup (peribunyaviridae: orthobunyavirus) in argentina. | | 2018 | 30408293 |
| st. louis encephalitis virus disease in the united states, 2003-2017. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), an arthropod-borne flavivirus, can cause disease presentations ranging from mild febrile illness through severe encephalitis. we reviewed u.s. national slev surveillance data for 2003 through 2017, including human disease cases and nonhuman infections. over the 15-year period, 198 counties from 33 states and the district of columbia reported slev activity; 94 (47%) of those counties reported slev activity only in nonhuman species. a total of 193 human cases o ... | 2018 | 30182919 |
| production of recombinant ns1 protein and its possible use in encephalitic flavivirus differential diagnosis. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) and west nile virus (wnv) are two of the major causes of arboviral encephalitis in the americas. the co-circulation of related flaviviruses in the americas and prior vaccination against flaviviruses pose problems to the diagnostic specificity of serological assays due to the development of cross-reactive antibodies. an accurate diagnosis method capable of differentiating these related viruses is needed. ns1 is a glycosylated, nonstructural protein, of about ... | 2019 | 30125621 |
| neuronal degeneration in mice induced by an epidemic strain of saint louis encephalitis virus isolated in argentina. | saint louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a neglected flavivirus that causes severe neurological disorders. the epidemic strain of slev, cbaar-4005, isolated during an outbreak in córdoba city (argentina), causes meningitis and encephalitis associated with neurological symptoms in a murine experimental model. here, we identified the affected brain areas and the damage triggered by this neurotropic arbovirus. we performed a detailed analysis of brain neurodegeneration associated with cbaar-4005 sl ... | 2018 | 29930541 |
| ilheus and saint louis encephalitis viruses elicit cross-protection against a lethal rocio virus challenge in mice. | rocio virus (rocv) was the causative agent of an unprecedented outbreak of encephalitis during the 1970s in the vale do ribeira, sao paulo state, in the southeast region of brazil. surprisingly, no further cases of rocv infection were identified after this outbreak; however, serological surveys have suggested the circulation of rocv among humans and animals in different regions of brazil. cross-protective immunity among flaviviruses is well documented; consequently, immunity induced by infection ... | 2018 | 29897990 |
| comparative studies of stenogamous behaviour in the mosquito culex pipiens complex. | understanding the processes of reproductive behaviour in mosquitoes is crucial for improving mating competitiveness and mating specificity for sterile insect release programmes. the culex pipiens (linneaus) (diptera: culicidae) forms pipiens and molestus (forskål), two biotypes of the cx. pipiens complex, are vectors for west nile virus, st louis encephalitis virus and lymphatic filariases. hybridization of these biotypes is known to occur in nature, although form pipiens mates above ground in l ... | 2018 | 29856079 |
| evaluation of argentinean bird species as amplifying hosts for st. louis encephalitis virus (flavivirus, flaviviridae). | st.louis encephalitis virus (slev) is an emerging human pathogen flavivirus in argentina. recently, it has reemerged in the united states. we evaluated the role as amplifying host of six resident bird species and analyzed their capacity as host during the 2005 encephalitis outbreak of slev in córdoba. eared dove, picui ground dove, and house sparrow were the three species with highest host competence index. at a city level, eared dove and picui ground dove were the most important amplifying host ... | 2018 | 29761767 |
| human and equine infection with alphaviruses and flaviviruses in panamá during 2010: a cross-sectional study of household contacts during an encephalitis outbreak. | members of the genera alphavirus (family togaviridae) and flavivirus (family flaviridae) are important zoonotic human and equine etiologic agents of neurologic diseases in the new world. in 2010, an outbreak of madariaga virus (madv; formerly eastern equine encephalitis virus) and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (veev) infections was reported in eastern panamá. we further characterized the epidemiology of the outbreak by studying household contacts of confirmed human cases and of equine cas ... | 2018 | 29737271 |
| scented sugar baits enhance detection of st. louis encephalitis and west nile viruses in mosquitoes in suburban california. | scented sugar baits deployed in california deserts detected early west nile virus (wnv) transmission by mosquitoes, representing a potential improvement to conventional arbovirus surveillance that relies heavily on infection rates in mosquito pools. in this study, we expanded deployment of scented sugar baits into suburban sacramento and yolo (2015, 2016) and riverside counties (2016), california. the goal of the study was to determine whether scented sugar baits detect wnv and st. louis encepha ... | 2018 | 29718284 |
| movement of st. louis encephalitis virus in the western united states, 2014- 2018. | st. louis encephalitis virus (slev) is a flavivirus that circulates in an enzootic cycle between birds and mosquitoes and can also infect humans to cause febrile disease and sometimes encephalitis. although slev is endemic to the united states, no activity was detected in california during the years 2004 through 2014, despite continuous surveillance in mosquitoes and sentinel chickens. in 2015, slev-positive mosquito pools were detected in maricopa county, arizona, concurrent with an outbreak of ... | 2020 | 32520944 |
| serological evidence of west nile virus infection in white-tailed deer in central texas. | white-tailed deer (wtd) are abundant mammals widely distributed across the united states. as a result, wtd are considered to be excellent sentinels for detecting arboviral activity in certain geographic areas. evidence of west nile virus (wnv) antibody in wtd has been reported previously in several states. however, wnv infection in wtd has not been reported from texas, where the incidence of human west nile (wn) cases is among the highest in the united states. therefore, the aim of this study wa ... | 2020 | 32746746 |
| pathogenesis and shedding of usutu virus in juvenile chickens. | usutu virus (usuv; family: flaviviridae, genus: flavivirus), is an emerging zoonotic arbovirus that causes severe neuroinvasive disease in humans and has been implicated in the loss of breeding bird populations in europe. usuv is maintained in an enzootic cycle between ornithophilic mosquitos and wild birds. as a member of the japanese encephalitis serocomplex, usuv is closely related to west nile virus (wnv) and st. louis encephalitis virus (slev), both neuroinvasive arboviruses endemic in wild ... | 2021 | 33769213 |