| an annotated historical account of canine parvovirus. | a brief annotated history of canine parvovirus-type 2 (cpv-2) and its variants is summarized with emphasis on the most significant contributions of individuals involved in the initial recognition of cpv-2 and subsequent discoveries that have advanced our knowledge of the nature and evolution of this novel canine virus. time has obscured the observations of many veterinary clinicians and researchers throughout the world who sensed the presence of a new disease when cpv-2 first made its appearance ... | 2005 | 16316389 |
| surveillance activity for canine parvovirus in italy. | recent identification of unusual canine parvovirus (cpv) mutants in cats and dogs suggests that cpv type 2 (cpv-2), which emerged suddenly in the late 1970s, is undergoing continual genetic and antigenic variations. a peculiarity of parvoviruses is that single-nucleotide substitutions may determine drastic phenotypic changes. the effects of either natural or artificial mutations on cpv phenotypic properties have been largely investigated, and this sets up cpv as an interesting model to study vir ... | 2005 | 16316390 |
| new approaches for the molecular characterization of canine parvovirus type 2 strains. | characterization of the canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) is sometimes ambiguous, frequently requiring more than one technique for definitive prediction of the viral type. taking into account the single-nucleotide polymorphisms encountered in the vp2-protein gene between types 2a and 2b and between type 2b and glu-426 mutant (type 2c), two different minor groove binder (mgb) probe assays were developed for rapid identification of the cpv-2 variants. a total of 315 samples collected from dogs with ... | 2005 | 16316391 |
| antibody levels and protection to canine parvovirus type 2. | the relationship between maternally derived antibody (mda) levels and protection to canine parvovirus (cpv) infection in pups is reported. twelve pups with a wide range of haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) titres of mda to cpv were divided into four groups, with each group balanced for antibody titres. the dogs were inoculated with a field cpv-2b strain and clinical signs, virus shedding and antibody response were assessed. the cpv was not detected in the faeces of dogs with hi titres of 320 at ... | 2005 | 16316392 |
| characterization of the use of antiemetic agents in dogs with parvoviral enteritis treated at a veterinary teaching hospital: 77 cases (1997-2000). | to characterize the use of antiemetic agents in dogs with canine parvovirus (cpv)-associated enteritis in a veterinary teaching hospital. | 2005 | 16342528 |
| [fusion proteins encoded by orf 129l of ectromelia and orf a30l of smallpox viruses cross-react with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies]. | open reading frame (orf) 129l of ectromelia (ev) and orf a30l of smallpox viruses (spv) encoding fusion proteins were cloned and expressed in e. coli cells. the recombinant polypeptides (pra30l h pr129l) were purified from cell lysates by ni-nta chromatography. recombinant polypeptides were able to form trimers in buffered saline and they destroyed under treatment with sds and 2-mercaptoethanol. reactivity of pra30l, pr129l and orthopoxvirus proteins was analyzed by elisa and western blotting wi ... | 2005 | 16358742 |
| viral safety of nanogam, a new 15 nm-filtered liquid immunoglobulin product. | producers of plasma derivatives continuously improve the viral safety of their products by, for example, introducing additional virus-reducing steps into the manufacturing process. here we present virus-elimination studies undertaken for a number of steps employed in a new manufacturing process for liquid intravenous immunoglobulin (nanogam) that comprises two specific virus-reducing steps: a 15-nm filtration step combined with pepsin treatment at ph 4.4 (ph 4.4/15nf); and solvent-detergent (sd) ... | 2006 | 16359352 |
| genomic typing of canine parvovirus circulating in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil from 1995 to 2001 using polymerase chain reaction assay. | in this study, the genomic types of canine parvovirus (cpv) circulating in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil, from 1995 to 2001, were investigated using the polymerase chain reaction assay (pcr). a total of 78 faecal samples from gastroenteritic puppies, confirmed as positive for canine parvovirus by haemagglutination/haemagglutination inhibition tests or virus isolation in cell culture (mdck), were examined. the viral dna was extracted from faecal samples using a combination of phenol- chloro ... | 2005 | 16369887 |
| the cowpox virus fusion regulator proteins spi-3 and hemagglutinin interact in infected and uninfected cells. | the serpin spi-3 and the hemagglutinin (ha) encoded by cowpox virus (cpv) block cell-cell fusion, and colocalize at the cell surface. wtcpv does not fuse cells, but inactivation of either gene leads to fusion. spi-3 mab added to wtcpv-infected cells caused fusion, confirming that spi-3 protein at the cell surface prevents fusion. the spi-3 mab epitope mapped to an 85-amino acid region at the c-terminus. removal of either 44 residues from the spi-3 c-terminus or 48 residues following the n-termin ... | 2006 | 16378629 |
| detection and characterisation of three novel species of reovirus (reoviridae), isolated from geographically separate populations of the winter moth operophtera brumata (lepidoptera: geometridae) on orkney. | geographically separate populations of winter moth (operophtera brumata l.) were sampled in heather habitats on the orkney isles in order to investigate the prevalence of virus pathogens. reoviruses were isolated in 11 of the 13 winter moth populations sampled, with 3 novel species being detected. two species of cypoviridae (cpv) were isolated, operophtera brumata cpv18 and o. brumata cpv19, with one host population suffering 46% infection prevalence of opbucpv19. a third virus, o. brumata reovi ... | 2006 | 16413573 |
| identification and genome characterization of heliothis armigera cypovirus types 5 and 14 and heliothis assulta cypovirus type 14. | genomic characterization of heliothis armigera cypovirus (hacpv) isolated from china showed that insects were co-infected with several cypoviruses (cpvs). one of the cpvs (hacpv-5) could be separated from the others by changing the rearing conditions of the heliothis armigera larvae. this finding was further confirmed by nucleotide sequencing analysis. genomic sequences of segments s10-s7 from hacpv-14, s10 and s7 from hacpv-5, and s10 from heliothis assulta cpv-14 were compared. results from da ... | 2006 | 16432026 |
| canine parvovirus: from not there to everywhere: a historical look at the emergence, media coverage, and vaccine development of canine parvovirus. | | 2005 | 16450482 |
| a serologic survey for antibodies to three canine viruses in wolverines (gulo gulo) from the brooks range, alaska. | canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), and canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) are pathogens that are typically associated with canids but may cause serious disease in a wide range of other carnivores. from 1998 to 2002, serum samples from 64 wolverines (gulo gulo) from the brooks range, alaska, were tested for antibodies to cdv, cpv-2, and canine adenovirus (cav). four animals tested positive for antibodies to cdv (7%), one for antibodies to cpv-2 (2%), and none for antibo ... | 2005 | 16456170 |
| papaya ringspot virus coat protein gene for antigen presentation in escherichia coli. | the coat protein (cp) of papaya ringspot virus (prsv) was analyzed for presentation of the antigenic peptide of animal virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), in escherichia coli (e. coli). the 45 nucleotides fragment coding for the 15-aa peptide epitope of the cpv-vp2 protein was either inserted into the prsv-cp gene at the 5', 3' ends, both 5' and 3' ends or substituted into the 3' end of the prsv cp gene. each of the chimeric prsv cp genes was cloned into the prset b vector under the control of the t ... | 2006 | 16466633 |
| real-time pcr protocol for the detection of porcine parvovirus in field samples. | this report describes a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with sybr green for detection of a broad range of porcine parvoviruses (ppv) and accurate virus quantification in porcine tissues. the assay targets the vp2 gene of ppv and the porcine genomic c-myc gene for normalization. the detection limit of the sybr green reaction was shown to be equivalent to 6 x 10(0) to 6 x 10(1) ppv copies/reaction and the overall detection limit equivalent to 0.1 tcid(50)/100 microl. the assay was linear ... | 2006 | 16472875 |
| in vitro selection of mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase that confer resistance to capravirine, a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor. | capravirine (cpv; formerly ag1549 and s-1153) is a novel, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) that has demonstrated potent in vitro antiviral activity against several hiv-1 laboratory strains and clinical isolates with ec50 values ranging from 0.7 to 10.3 nm. in this study, we evaluated the resistance and cross-resistance profiles of cpv through selection of resistant hiv-1 variants from in vitro serial passage of hiv-1 nl4-3 and h ... | 2006 | 16472877 |
| canine coronavirus-associated puppy mortality without evidence of concurrent canine parvovirus infection. | this report presents 2 cases in which puppy fatalities were associated with canine coronavirus (ccv), but no evidence of concurrent canine parvovirus (cpv-2) disease was observed. case 1 involved a 7-week-old, male short-haired chihuahua, which had become lethargic 24 hours after purchase from a pet store. within 72 hours, the puppy began to vomit, had diarrhea, and was admitted to the veterinary clinic, where it was placed on iv fluids. the parvovirus cite test was negative. the puppy died with ... | 2005 | 16475526 |
| canine parvovirus-like particles, a novel nanomaterial for tumor targeting. | specific targeting of tumor cells is an important goal for the design of nanotherapeutics for the treatment of cancer. recently, viruses have been explored as nano-containers for specific targeting applications, however these systems typically require modification of the virus surface using chemical or genetic means to achieve tumor-specific delivery. interestingly, there exists a subset of viruses with natural affinity for receptors on tumor cells that could be exploited for nanotechnology appl ... | 2006 | 16476163 |
| a colorimetric assay for viral agents that produce cytopathic effects. | many animal viruses produce cytopathic effects in their host cells during a productive infection. while some virus infections can be assayed by the production of plaques, many viruses, while producing cytotoxicity, do not easily form plaques, or do not form plaques at all. additionally, viruses within families such as the parvoviruses may have different preferred forms of titration making comparative virology difficult even among related groups. porcine parvovirus (ppv), canine parvovirus (cpv), ... | 2006 | 16516983 |
| passive protection of dogs against clinical disease due to canine parvovirus-2 by specific antibody from chicken egg yolk. | the protective effect of immunoglobulins derived from chicken egg yolk (igy) against infection by canine parvovirus 2 (cpv-2) was evaluated in 10 beagle dogs orally challenged with a strain of the virus. the 2-mo-old dogs were divided into 3 groups and treated with powders containing cpv-2 igy or normal egg yolk for 7 d after the challenge. the 4 dogs receiving normal egg yolk (control group) demonstrated mild symptoms typical of cpv-2 infection, such as vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss. no s ... | 2006 | 16548334 |
| detection of canine parvovirus in fecal samples using loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is a novel, sensitive, and rapid technique for detection of genomic dna. the end-product of the technique is a white precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate that is visible without the use of gel electrophoresis. the lamp method was applied to the detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) genomic dna. a set of 4 primers, 2 outer and 2 inner, were designed from cpv genomic dna targeting the vp2 gene. the optimal reaction time and temperature for lamp were d ... | 2006 | 16566261 |
| analysis of vp2 gene sequences of canine parvovirus isolates in india. | the epidemiology of canine parvovirus (cpv) infections in dogs in india was examined using 27 isolates collected during a two-year period. the vp2 genes of 22 isolates were sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequences were compared. the results indicated that the isolates belonged to cpv type 2a except four, which belonged to cpv type 2b. comparison of the vp2 gene sequences revealed that the indian isolates formed separate lineages distinct from the south east asian isolates. the canine parv ... | 2006 | 16583153 |
| one-step immunochromatography assay kit for detecting antibodies to canine parvovirus. | this study was performed to determine the feasibility of using whole serum to detect antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) under nonlaboratory conditions and to evaluate the performance characteristics of an immunochromatography assay kit. precise detection of levels of antibody against cpv in puppies can be used to determine a vaccination schedule, because maternal antibodies frequently result in the failure of protective vaccination, and can also be used to determine the antibody levels of inf ... | 2006 | 16603622 |
| predator disease out-break modulates top-down, bottom-up and climatic effects on herbivore population dynamics. | human-introduced disease and climatic change are increasingly perturbing natural ecosystems worldwide, but scientists know very little about how they interact to affect ecological dynamics. an outbreak of canine parvovirus (cpv) in the wolf population on isle royale allowed us to test the transient effects of an introduced pathogen and global climatic variation on the dynamics of a three-level food chain. following the introduction of cpv, wolf numbers plummeted, precipitating a switch from top- ... | 2006 | 16623723 |
| a minor groove binder probe real-time pcr assay for discrimination between type 2-based vaccines and field strains of canine parvovirus. | a minor groove binder (mgb) probe assay was developed to discriminate between type 2-based vaccines and field strains of canine parvovirus (cpv). considering that most of the cpv vaccines contain the old type 2, no longer circulating in canine population, two mgb probes specific for cpv-2 and the antigenic variants (types 2a, 2b and 2c), respectively, were labeled with different fluorophores. the mgb probe assay was able to discriminate correctly between the old type and the variants, with a det ... | 2006 | 16682086 |
| differential role played by the mek/erk/egr-1 pathway in orthopoxviruses vaccinia and cowpox biology. | appropriation of signalling pathways facilitates poxvirus replication. poxviruses, as do most viruses, try to modify the host cell environment to achieve favourable replication conditions. in the present study, we show that the early growth response 1 gene (egr-1) is one of the host cell factors intensely modulated by the orthopoxviruses vv (vaccinia virus) and cpv (cowpox virus). these viruses stimulated the generation of both egr-1 mrna and its gene product, throughout their entire replication ... | 2006 | 16686604 |
| separate basic region motifs within the adeno-associated virus capsid proteins are essential for infectivity and assembly. | adeno-associated virus (aav) is gaining momentum as a gene therapy vector for human applications. however, there remain impediments to the development of this virus as a vector. one of these is the incomplete understanding of the biology of the virus, including nuclear targeting of the incoming virion during initial infection, as well as assembly of progeny virions from structural components in the nucleus. toward this end, we have identified four basic regions (br) on the aav2 capsid that repre ... | 2006 | 16699000 |
| duration of immunity for canine and feline vaccines: a review. | in our studies aimed at assessing the minimum duration of vaccinal immunity (doi), approximately 1000 dogs have been vaccinated with products from all the major us veterinary biological companies. the doi for the various products is determined by antibody titers for all dogs and, by challenge studies in selected groups of dogs. recently, all major companies that make canine vaccines for the u.s. market have completed their own studies; published data show a 3 years or longer minimum doi for the ... | 2006 | 16707236 |
| selective regimen shift and demographic growth increase associated with the emergence of high-fitness variants of canine parvovirus. | the natural evolution of canine parvovirus (cpv) is characterized by a variety of mutations, mainly in the vp1/vp2 gene. although positive selection has been previously reported in cpv, little is known about its overall contribution to viral adaptation in the canine population. herein, the influences of the evolutive constraints on cpv during a period of viral adaptation into a previously uninfected population are more clearly investigated. to do this, 31 sequences of vp1/vp2 gene obtained from ... | 2007 | 16716762 |
| evolution of canine parvovirus--a need for new vaccines? | canine parvovirus (cpv) is a new virus, which is continuing to evolve, giving rise to new antigenic types and virus mutants that spread through the dog population. the most successful mutants, from an evolutionary perspective, appear to be selected by improved binding to the cpv receptor, the canine transferrin receptor, and by an extended host range, which for the newer antigenic types now includes both the dog and the cat. the new viruses also show antigenic differences that can be defined by ... | 2006 | 16765539 |
| comparison of the ribonucleic acid subunits of reovirus, cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus, and wound tumor virus. | double-stranded ribonucleic acid (rna) from intact cytoplasmic polynedrosis virus (cpv) and wound tumor virus (wtv) was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. using rna from type 3 reovirus as a standard, it was calculated that cpv-rna consisted of 9 subunits corresponding to a molecular weight of 12.7 x 10(6) and wtv-rna consisted of 12 subunits corresponding to a molecular weight of 15.5 x 10(6). | 1969 | 16789117 |
| application of a dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for evaluation of the immune status to canine parvovirus and distemper virus in adult dogs before revaccination. | a growing body of literature has been published indicating that the current practice of annual vaccination of dogs may not be beneficial and in some cases may even be harmful. a number of publications have proposed assessing the immune status of dogs before annual revaccination. in this study the usefulness of a commercially available dot-elisa kit was evaluated to determine the duration igg antibody titers to canine parvovirus (cpv) and canine distemper virus (cdv) in 158 dogs vaccinated at lea ... | 2006 | 16789715 |
| evolution of cpv-2 and implication for antigenic/genetic characterization. | a few amino acid differences in the viral protein vp2 account for important antigenic and biological changes among feline parvovirus (fpv), canine parvovirus (cpv-2) and cpv-2 variants 2a and 2b. several pieces of evidence suggest that cpv-2 is still evolving as additional amino acid changes occurred within the main antigenic regions of cpv-2 capsid, altering the antigenic profile of the virus and stressing the need for implementing the diagnostic assays. | 2006 | 16791413 |
| serological responses of adult dogs to revaccination against distemper, parvovirus and rabies. | serum antibody titres to canine distemper virus (cdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and rabies were measured in dogs that had not been revaccinated annually and compared with the titres in a control group of regularly vaccinated animals; 83 per cent (171 of 207) of the dogs vaccinated against cdv one or more years earlier had serum neutralising antibody titres equal to or greater than 16; 64 per cent (136 of 213) of the dogs vaccinated against cpv one or more years earlier had haemagglutination inhib ... | 2006 | 16816154 |
| high genetic diversity of the vp2 gene of a canine parvovirus strain detected in a domestic cat. | this study reports the detection of co-infection by multiple cpv variants and the high genetic complexity of a cpv-2 strain detected in a domestic cat. the cpv variants selected by cloning the vp2 gene were sequenced, and genetic diversity and selection pressure were investigated. comparison of the nucleotide sequences has evidenced 10 different viral populations, and, in the same animal, more cpv variants coexist. our analysis excludes the possibility that the recombination events took place du ... | 2006 | 16822535 |
| sequence analysis of vp2 gene of canine parvovirus isolated from domestic dogs in japan in 1999 and 2000. | seven strains of canine parvovirus (cpv) were isolated from affected dogs in japan between 1999 and 2000, and their vp2 genes were genetically analyzed. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequences of vp2 suggested that three field isolates corresponded to cpv type 2a, while the other four to cpv type 2b. the phylogenetic tree constructed from the vp2 genes showed that the newly isolated strains are classified into the cluster consisting of recent japanese and taiwanese field isolates, which ... | 2006 | 16870254 |
| differential sensitivities of pathogens in red cell concentrates to tri-p(4)-photoinactivation. | photodynamic treatment (pdt) with the cationic porphyrin, mono-phenyl-tri-(n-methyl-4-pyridyl)-porphyrin chloride [tri-p(4)], has previously been shown to be effective at inactivating vesicle stomatitis virus (vsv) in red cell concentrates (rcc) with limited damage to red blood cells (rbc). the aim of this study was to determine the pathogen-inactivating capacity of pdt with tri-p(4) for a broader range of pathogens and to establish the associated effect on in vitro rbc quality. | 2006 | 16907871 |
| demography, hunting ecology, and pathogen exposure of domestic dogs in the isoso of bolivia. | disease is increasingly recognized as a threat to the conservation of wildlife, and in many cases the source of disease outbreaks in wild carnivores is the domestic dog. for disease to spill over from a domestic to a wild population, three conditions must be satisfied: susceptibility of the wild species, presence of the disease agent in the domestic population, and contact between the two populations of interest. we investigated the potential for disease spillover from the domestic dog populatio ... | 2006 | 16909569 |
| diagnostic tools based on minor groove binder probe technology for rapid identification of vaccinal and field strains of canine parvovirus type 2b. | taqman-based diagnostic tests have been developed for the identification of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2) strains in the faeces of dogs with diarrhoea, including a minor groove binder (mgb) probe assay for identification of type 2-based vaccines and field strains (types 2a, 2b and 2c). since type 2b vaccines have been licensed recently in europe, two novel mgb assays were developed for discrimination between type 2b vaccines and field strains of cpv. such assays have been found to be highly s ... | 2006 | 16911835 |
| purified feline and canine transferrin receptors reveal complex interactions with the capsids of canine and feline parvoviruses that correspond to their host ranges. | the cell infection processes and host ranges of canine parvovirus (cpv) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) are controlled by their capsid interactions with the transferrin receptors (tfr) on their host cells. here, we expressed the ectodomains of wild-type and mutant tfr and tested those for binding to purified viral capsids and showed that different naturally variant strains of the viruses were associated with variant interactions with the receptors which likely reflect the optimization of th ... | 2006 | 16912298 |
| immunological effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega (kt-80) administration in the dog. | the immunological effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega (rfeifn-omega ; kt-80, toray) were examined on administration to healthy dogs. the activities of whole blood cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells were enhanced. moreover, the whole blood activity was examined when kt-80 was administered to dogs which had been diagnosed as having natural canine parvovirus (cpv) infection. only some cases in which the activity increased until 3 hr post-administration survived. these results s ... | 2006 | 16924149 |
| sequence analysis of a canine parvovirus isolated from a red panda (ailurus fulgens) in china. | canine parvovirus (cpv) was first recognized in the late 1970 s in dogs and has mutated and spread throughout the world in canid and felid species since then. in this study, a novel cpv was isolated from the endangered red panda (ailurus fulgens) in china. nucleotide and phylogenetic analysis of the capsid protein vp2 gene classified the red panda parvovirus (rppv) as a cpv-2a type. substitution of val for gly at the conserved 300 residue in rppv presents an unusual variation in the cpv-2a amino ... | 2007 | 16927123 |
| genetic variation of populations of citrus psorosis virus. | citrus psorosis virus (cpsv), the type species of genus ophiovirus, has a segmented, negative-stranded rna genome. we examined the population structure and genetic variation of cpsv in three coding regions located in rnas 1, 2 and 3, analysing 22 isolates from argentina, california, florida, italy and spain. most isolates contained a predominant sequence and some minor variants. estimations of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic clustering of isolates disclosed two populations, one comprising ... | 2006 | 16963769 |
| efficacy of vaccination against canine parvovirus. | | 2006 | 16998005 |
| production of biopharmaceuticals and vaccines in plants via the chloroplast genome. | transgenic plants offer many advantages, including low cost of production (by elimination of fermenters), storage and transportation; heat stability; and absence of human pathogens. when therapeutic proteins are orally delivered, plant cells protect antigens in the stomach through bioencapsulation and eliminate the need for expensive purification and sterile injections, in addition to development of both systemic and mucosal immunity. chloroplast genetic engineering offers several advantages, in ... | 2006 | 17004305 |
| three-year rabies duration of immunity in dogs following vaccination with a core combination vaccine against canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus type-1, canine parvovirus, and rabies virus. | thirty-two seronegative pups were vaccinated at 8 weeks of age with modified-live canine distemper virus (cdv), canine adenovirus type-2 (cav-2), and canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccine and at 12 weeks with a modified-live cdv, cav-2, cpv, and killed rabies virus vaccine. an additional 31 seronegative pups served as age-matched, nonvaccinated controls. all test dogs were strictly isolated for 3 years after receiving the second vaccination and then were challenged with virulent rabies virus. clinical ... | 2006 | 17039445 |
| immunohistochemical screening for viral agents in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) with myelopathy. | numerous cases of acute-onset progressive ataxia, hindlimb paresis and paralysis of unknown aetiology occurred during 1993 to 2003 in cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) within the european endangered species programme (eep). this study describes the immunohistochemical investigation of a possible viral aetiology of the "cheetah myelopathy". antibodies to feline herpesvirus type 1, canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and borna disease virus were applied to formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded brai ... | 2006 | 17056652 |
| efficacy of vaccination against canine parvovirus. | | 2006 | 17056657 |
| viral safety of c1-inhibitor nf. | we studied the efficacy of virus reduction by three process steps (polyethylene glycol 4000 (peg) precipitation, pasteurization, and 15nm virus filtration) in the manufacturing of c1-inhibitor nf. the potential prion removing capacity in this process was estimated based on data from the literature. virus studies were performed using hepatitis a virus (hav) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) as relevant viruses and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), canine parvovirus (cpv) and pseudorabies v ... | 2007 | 17071103 |
| efficacy of vaccination against canine parvovirus. | | 2006 | 17071677 |
| efficacy of vaccination against canine parvovirus. | | 2006 | 17071678 |
| occurrence of severe gastroenteritis in pups after canine parvovirus vaccine administration: a clinical and laboratory diagnostic dilemma. | a total of 29 faecal samples collected from dogs with diarrhoea following canine parvovirus (cpv) vaccination were tested by minor groove binder (mgb) probe assays for discrimination between cpv vaccine and field strains and by diagnostic tests for detection of other canine pathogens. fifteen samples tested positive only for cpv field strains; however, both vaccine and field strains were detected in three samples. eleven samples were found to contain only the vaccine strain, although eight of th ... | 2007 | 17092616 |
| a serosurvey of viral infections in lions (panthera leo), from queen elizabeth national park, uganda. | serum samples from 14 lions (panthera leo) from queen elizabeth national park, uganda, were collected during 1998 and 1999 to determine infectious disease exposure in this threatened population. sera were analyzed for antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), feline calicivirus (fcv), feline herpesvirus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis: fhv1), feline/canine parvovirus (fpv/cpv), feline infectious peritonitis virus (feline coronavirus: fipv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) or for the pre ... | 2006 | 17092900 |
| detection of the prototype of a potential novel genus in the family papillomaviridae in association with canine epidermodysplasia verruciformis. | epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) is a rare human genetic predisposition to develop flat warts, some of which subsequently undergo cancer transformation. some human papillomaviruses (hpvs), i.e. hpv 5 and 8, have been associated with cancer development as a sequela of ev. as similar diseases have been observed in dogs, it was hypothesized that unknown canine papillomaviruses (cpvs) may exist and that they may be present in cases of canine ev. consequently, dna was extracted from a malignant l ... | 2006 | 17098970 |
| efficacy of vaccination against canine parvovirus. | | 2006 | 17099185 |
| efficacy of vaccination against canine parvovirus. | | 2006 | 17114386 |
| first detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in pups with haemorrhagic enteritis in spain. | canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2), the aetiological agent of haemorrhagic enteritis in dogs, includes three antigenic variants, types 2a, 2b and 2c. cpv-2c has been detected initially in italy and subsequently in vietnam. we report the first identification of this novel antigenic variant in spain, where it caused an outbreak of fatal enteritis in basset hound pups in association with canine coronavirus type i and type ii. we suggest that this new antigenic variant of cpv-2 could spread throughout ... | 2006 | 17123424 |
| comparative trial of the canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type 2 fractions of two commercially available modified live vaccines. | the results of vaccinating two groups of puppies with commercial vaccines, both of which claimed to provide adequate protection with a final vaccination at 10 weeks of age, were compared. groups of 19 and 20 puppies with similar titres of maternally derived antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv), canine distemper virus (cdv) and canine adenovirus type 2 (cav-2) at four weeks of age were vaccinated at six and 10 weeks of age and their responses to each vaccination were measured by comparing t ... | 2006 | 17127756 |
| neutralizing antibodies against feline parvoviruses in nondomestic felids inoculated with commercial inactivated polyvalent vaccines. | the virus neutralization (vn) antibody titers of serum samples from 18 individuals representing 8 carnivore species vaccinated with commercial polyvalent vaccines optimized for domestic cats containing inactivated feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) were evaluated against canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv2). in addition, the titers among 5 individuals from 4 carnivore were evaluated against antigenic variants of feline parvoviruses; fplv, cpv2, cpv2a, cpv2b, cpv2c, mink enteritis virus type 1 (mev1) a ... | 2006 | 17146178 |
| high-yield expression of a viral peptide animal vaccine in transgenic tobacco chloroplasts. | the 2l21 peptide, which confers protection to dogs against challenge with virulent canine parvovirus (cpv), was expressed in tobacco chloroplasts as a c-terminal translational fusion with the cholera toxin b subunit (ctb) or the green fluorescent protein (gfp). expression of recombinant proteins was dependent on plant age. a very high-yield production was achieved in mature plants at the time of full flowering (310 mg ctb-2l21 protein per plant). both young and senescent plants accumulated lower ... | 2004 | 17147606 |
| truncated forms of viral vp2 proteins fused to egfp assemble into fluorescent parvovirus-like particles. | fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (fcs) monitors random movements of fluorescent molecules in solution, giving information about the number and the size of for example nano-particles. the canine parvovirus vp2 structural protein as well as n-terminal deletion mutants of vp2 (-14, -23, and -40 amino acids) were fused to the c-terminus of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp). the proteins were produced in insect cells, purified, and analyzed by western blotting, confocal and electron ... | 2006 | 17156442 |
| from structure of the complex to understanding of the biology. | the most extensive structural information on viruses relates to apparently icosahedral virions and is based on x-ray crystallography and on cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-em) single-particle reconstructions. both techniques lean heavily on imposing icosahedral symmetry, thereby obscuring any deviation from the assumed symmetry. however, tailed bacteriophages have icosahedral or prolate icosahedral heads that have one obvious unique vertex where the genome can enter for dna packaging and exit whe ... | 2007 | 17164521 |
| multimerization of peptide antigens for production of stable immunogens in transgenic plants. | previous literature addressing the production of recombinant proteins in heterologous systems has consistently shown that proteins capable of forming complex structures tend to accumulate within host cells at relatively higher levels than monomeric forms. in this report, we translationally fused a 21-aminoacids long highly immunogenic peptide (2l21), derived from canine parvovirus (cpv) vp2 protein to a 41-aminoacid long tetramerization domain (td) from the transcriptional factor p53. the chimer ... | 2007 | 17166612 |
| tissue distribution of the antigenic variants of canine parvovirus type 2 in dogs. | twelve dogs dead as consequence of natural infection caused by canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2a (n=4), type 2b (n=4) or type 2c (n=4) were investigated for determining the viral dna loads in different tissue samples. by means of a real-time pcr assay, cpv dna was detected in all tissues examined, with the highest titres observed in the lymphoid tissue and the lowest loads in the urinary tract. surprisingly, the nervous tissue was found to contain considerable amounts of cpv nucleic acid. similar ... | 2007 | 17169509 |
| canine parvovirus vaccination. | | 2006 | 17189604 |
| infectious canine hepatitis: an "old" disease reemerging in italy. | four outbreaks of infectious canine hepatitis (ich) occurring in italy between 2001 and 2006 are reported. three outbreaks were observed in animal shelters of southern italy, whereas a fourth outbreak involved two purebred pups imported from hungary few days before the onset of clinical symptoms. in all outbreaks canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) was identified by virus isolation and pcr. in three outbreaks, other canine viral pathogens were detected, including canine distemper virus, canine parv ... | 2007 | 17197003 |
| serological and molecular evidence that canine respiratory coronavirus is circulating in italy. | canine respiratory coronavirus (crcov) is a group ii coronavirus that was firstly identified in lung samples of dogs with canine infectious respiratory disease (cird) in uk in 2003. we report for the first time the identification of crcov in italy, together with serological evidence that the virus has been circulating in the italian dog population as from 2005. serological investigations on 216 dog sera, carried out by an elisa test using the strictly related bovine coronavirus (bcov) as antigen ... | 2007 | 17215093 |
| different mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of parvoviruses revealed using the fab fragments of monoclonal antibodies. | antibody binding and neutralization are major host defenses against viruses, yet the mechanisms are often not well understood. eight monoclonal antibodies and their fab fragments were tested for neutralization of canine parvovirus and feline panleukopenia virus. all iggs neutralized >85% of virus infectivity. two fabs neutralized when present at 5 nm, while the others gave little or no neutralization even at 20-100 nm. the antibodies bind two antigenic sites on the capsids which overlap the bind ... | 2007 | 17217977 |
| compatibility of a bivalent modified-live vaccine against bordetella bronchiseptica and cpiv, and a trivalent modified-live vaccine against cpv, cdv and cav-2. | eight puppies (group 1) were vaccinated once with a bivalent modified-live vaccine against infectious tracheobronchitis by the intranasal route and at the same time with an injectable trivalent vaccine against canine parvovirus, canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus; a second group of eight puppies (group 2) was vaccinated only with the intranasal bivalent vaccine, and a further eight puppies (group 3) were vaccinated only with the injectable trivalent vaccine. three weeks later they were ... | 2007 | 17220520 |
| biological and molecular studies of a cypovirus from the black fly simulium ubiquitum (diptera: simuliidae). | a cypovirus from the black fly simulium ubiquitum (sucpv) was isolated and examined using biological and molecular techniques. sucpv produces small (typically 0.25mum), polyhedral shaped inclusion bodies (polyhedra), in which the virus particles become multiply embedded. sucpv is the third cypovirus isolated from diptera, but the first from simuliidae that has been characterized using molecular analyses. sucpv has a genome composed of 10 segments of dsrna, with an electrophoretic migration patte ... | 2007 | 17224161 |
| cowpox virus evades ctl recognition and inhibits the intracellular transport of mhc class i molecules. | orthopoxviruses evade host immune responses by using a number of strategies, including decoy chemokine receptors, regulation of apoptosis, and evasion of complement-mediated lysis. different from other poxviral subfamilies, however, orthopoxviruses are not known to evade recognition by ctl. in fact, vaccinia virus (vv) is used as a vaccine against smallpox and a vector for eliciting strong t cell responses to foreign ags. and both human and mouse t cells are readily stimulated by vv-infected apc ... | 2007 | 17237415 |
| serosurvey for cpv-2, distemper virus, ehrlichiosis and leishmaniosis in free-ranging dogs in italy. | | 2007 | 17237459 |
| effect of vaccination on parvovirus antigen testing in kittens. | to determine the frequency and duration of feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) vaccine-induced interference with fecal parvovirus diagnostic testing in cats. | 2007 | 17269866 |
| phage passage after extended processing in small-virus-retentive filters. | retention of a two small phages (phix-174 and pp7) by direct-flow small-virus-retentive filters [viresolve nfp (normal-flow parvovirus), virosart cpv (canine parvovirus), ultipor dv20 and planova 20n] was studied using a commercial-process fluid. phage passage occurred in each filter type, particularly when overloaded with phage. clearances of pp7 and phix-174 were similar for any given filter brand, arguing that the two phages are equivalent for testing small-virus-retentive filters. the patter ... | 2007 | 17286554 |
| variability of parvovirus b19 to inactivation by liquid heating in plasma products. | previously, we reported that although human parvovirus b19 in albumin and intravenous immunoglobulin preparations was rapidly inactivated during liquid heating, in contrast to other parvoviruses such as canine parvovirus, sensitivity to heat was highly dependent on the composition of the solution. in this study, we aimed to further elucidate the sensitivity to heat of b19 in haptoglobin and antithrombin (previously named antithrombin iii) preparations during liquid heating. | 2007 | 17298573 |
| the role of feral mammals on wildlife infectious disease prevalence in two nature reserves within mexico city limits. | wild and feral medium-sized mammals were live trapped at two natural protected areas within the mexico city limits to determine antibody prevalence for the most common infectious diseases (rabies, toxoplasmosis, and canine parvovirus) in dogs and cats. mammals were trapped during the dry (march-april) and rainy seasons (july-august) of 1996 and 1997. a total of 68 individuals were captured, representing 8 species: opossums (didelphis virginiana), ringtails (bassariscus astutus), spotted skunks ( ... | 2005 | 17312768 |
| exposure of free-ranging maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) to infectious and parasitic disease agents in the noël kempff mercado national park, bolivia. | maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus) are neotropic mammals, listed as a cites appendix ii species, with a distribution south of the amazon forest from bolivia, through northern argentina and paraguay and into eastern brazil and northern uruguay. primary threats to the survival of free-ranging maned wolves include habitat loss, road kills, and shooting by farmers. an additional threat to the conservation of maned wolves is the risk of morbidity and mortality due to infectious and parasitic diseas ... | 2005 | 17323558 |
| a cryptic promoter in potato virus x vector interrupted plasmid construction. | potato virus x has been developed into an expression vector for plants. it is widely used to express foreign genes. in molecular manipulation, the foreign genes need to be sub-cloned into the vector. the constructed plasmid needs to be amplified. usually, during amplification stage, the foreign genes are not expressed. however, if the foreign gene is expressed, the construction work could be interrupted. two different viral genes were sub-cloned into the vector, but only one foreign gene was suc ... | 2007 | 17338823 |
| a duplex pcr assay for simultaneous detection and differentiation of capripoxvirus and orf virus. | a duplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed and optimized for simultaneous detection and differentiation of capripoxvirus (cpv) (including goat pox virus and sheep pox virus) and orf virus (orfv). two sets of specific oligonucleotide primers were designed and used for cpv and orfv, respectively. the duplex pcr dna products, which consisted of fragments of 413 bp for a29l gene of cpv, and 708 bp for p55 gene of orfv, were visualized by gel electrophoresis. the developed assay was found ... | 2007 | 17350223 |
| canine parvovirus strains in the uk. | | 2007 | 17384302 |
| virus neutralizing antibody response in mice and dogs with a bicistronic dna vaccine encoding rabies virus glycoprotein and canine parvovirus vp2. | a bicistronic dna vaccine against rabies and parvovirus infection of dogs was developed by subcloning rabies glycoprotein and canine parvovirus (cpv) vp2 genes into a bicistronic vector. after characterizing the expression of both the proteins in vitro, the bicistronic dna vaccine was injected in mice and induced immune response was compared with monocistronic dna vaccines. there was no significant difference in elisa and virus neutralizing (vn) antibody responses against rabies and cpv in mice ... | 2007 | 17391817 |
| asymmetric binding of transferrin receptor to parvovirus capsids. | although many viruses are icosahedral when they initially bind to one or more receptor molecules on the cell surface, such an interaction is asymmetric, probably causing a breakdown in the symmetry and conformation of the original infecting virion in preparation for membrane penetration and release of the viral genome. cryoelectron microscopy and biochemical analyses show that transferrin receptor, the cellular receptor for canine parvovirus, can bind to only one or a few of the 60 icosahedrally ... | 2007 | 17420467 |
| the duration of immunity to an inactivated adjuvanted canine parvovirus vaccine. a 52 and 64 week postvaccination challenge study. | dogs were successfully isolated for a period of either 52 or 64 weeks following vaccination with an inactivated, adjuvanted canine parvovirus-2 vaccine. antibody persisted in all ten vaccinated dogs, although in one case by 52 weeks postvaccination only virus neutralizing antibody, and not hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody, could be detected. sentinel unvaccinated dogs housed alongside the vaccinated dogs throughout the study remained free of canine parvovirus-2 antibody until challenged. upo ... | 1983 | 17422291 |
| the seroprevalence of canine parvovirus-2 in a selected sample of the canine population in ontario. | canine sera, collected from dogs presented to the ontario veterinary college between 1976 and 1980, were assessed for canine parvovirus-2 antibody using a microtitre hemagglutination-inhibition test. special emphasis was made on the period from september 1979 to october 1980 (2892 samples). no antibody was detected in samples collected in 1976 or 1977. the first positive sera were obtained in january 1978. by the end of 1978 antibodies to canine parvovirus-2 were widespread in ontario dogs and i ... | 1984 | 17422418 |
| serosurvey of infectious disease agents of carnivores in captive red pandas (ailurus fulgens) in china. | the future of the endangered red panda (ailurusfulgens) depends in part on the development of protective measures against infectious diseases. the present study is a first step toward improved understanding of infectious diseases in the species' home regions. serum samples obtained from 73 red pandas in 10 captive facilities in southwest, east, and northeast china from october to december 2004 were tested for antibodies against nine common infectious pathogens of carnivores. antibody titers agai ... | 2007 | 17469274 |
| evidence of canine distemper and suggestion of preceding parvovirus-myocarditis in a eurasian badger (meles meles). | an approximately 1.5-yr-old free-ranging male eurasian badger (meles meles) from the eastern part of austria had macroscopic and microscopic lesions consistent with canine distemper virus infection, including nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia with accumulation of macrophages in alveoli that contained intranuclear inclusion bodies, vesicular exanthema of the ventral abdomen, and atrophy of lymphoid tissues. canine distemper virus-antigen was demonstrable in a variety of o ... | 2007 | 17469291 |
| in vivo imaging of cidofovir treatment of cowpox virus infection. | variola virus and other members of the genus orthopoxviruses constitute a prominent bioterrorism and public health threat. treatment with the anti-viral drug cidofovir inhibits replication of orthopoxviruses in vitro and in vivo. in this study, we visualized the effect of cidofovir on viral kinetics in orthopoxvirus infected mice by using whole-body fluorescence imaging (fi). we engineered a cowpox virus (cpv) expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (gfp). single-step growth curves and ... | 2007 | 17524511 |
| first detection of canine parvovirus type 2c in south america. | since its sudden emergence in the early 1970s, canine parvovirus type-2 (cpv-2) has been evolving through the generation of novel genetic and antigenic variants (cpv-2a/b/c and a number of additional mutations) that are unevenly distributed throughout the world. in order to develop strategies to control the spread of these variants and to understand virus evolution is fundamental to genotype field isolates from different geographic locations. in the present paper we have examined 25 isolates of ... | 2007 | 17531408 |
| resistance of surface-dried virus to common disinfection procedures. | it is believed that surface-dried viruses can remain infectious and may therefore pose a threat to public health. to help address this issue, we studied 0.1 n naoh and 0.1% hypochlorite for their capacity to inactivate surface-dried lipid-enveloped (le) [human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and pseudorabies virus (prv)] and non-lipid-enveloped [nle; canine parvovirus (cpv) and hepatitis a virus (hav)] viruses in a background of either plasma or culture medium. ... | 2007 | 17601636 |
| evaluation of tongue as a complementary sample for the diagnosis of parvoviral infection in dogs and cats. | diagnosis of canine parvovirus type 2 and feline panleukopenia virus infection in dogs and cats may be hampered by the severity of enteric lesions, secondary bacterial overgrowth, and rapid onset of autolysis. in contrast to small intestine, tongue epithelium is less sensitive to postmortem changes. sections of tongue and small intestine from 11 dogs and 11 cats with a clinical history and gross and microscopic lesions compatible with canine and feline parvoviral infection were examined for parv ... | 2007 | 17609353 |
| characterisation of lipid profiles in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. | to characterise the lipid profiles in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. | 2007 | 17617157 |
| prevalence of antibodies against canine distemper virus and canine parvovirus among foxes and wolves from spain. | viral diseases can influence the population dynamics of wild carnivores and can have effects on carnivore conservation. hence, a serologic survey was conducted in an opportunistic sample of 137 foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 37 wolves (canis lupus) in spain for 1997-2007 to detect antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) and against canine parvovirus (cpv) by indirect elisa. antibodies against cdv were detected in 18.7% of the analyzed animals and antibodies against cpv in 17.2%. there was no ... | 2008 | 17646060 |
| aetiological role of viruses in puppies with diarrhoea. | | 2007 | 17675636 |
| co-infection with multiple variants of canine parvovirus type 2 (cpv-2). | | 2007 | 17682877 |
| detection of infectious canine parvovirus type 2 by mrna real-time rt-pcr. | a taqman real-time rt-pcr assay was developed for detection of rna transcripts produced by replicating cpv-2. a pair of primers and a taqman probe targeting the spliced ns2 mrna were designed. a synthetic dna fragment was constructed to mimic the spliced ns2 mrna by pcr-based gene assembly and was used for generation of standard rnas. the detection limit of the assay was 1x10(2) rna copies and standard curve displayed a linear range from 1x10(2) to 1x10(9) copies and a good reproducibility. the ... | 2007 | 17692932 |
| serosurvey of small carnivores in the bolivian chaco. | five species of bolivian carnivores, including nine geoffroy's cats (oncifelis geoffroyi), ten ocelots (leopardus pardalis), one jaguarundi (herpailurus yaguarondi), nine pampas foxes (pseudalopex gymnocercus), and five crab-eating foxes (cerdocyon thous) were sampled between march 2001 and april 2005 and tested for antibodies to common pathogens of domestic carnivores. carnivores were trapped in three areas: a village, the region between human settlements and a protected area, and within kaa-iy ... | 2007 | 17699100 |
| genetic transformation of sweet orange with the coat protein gene of citrus psorosis virus and evaluation of resistance against the virus. | citrus psorosis is a serious viral disease affecting citrus trees in many countries. its causal agent is citrus psorosis virus (cpsv), the type member of genus ophiovirus. cpsv infects most important citrus varieties, including oranges, mandarins and grapefruits, as well as hybrids and citrus relatives used as rootstocks. certification programs have not been sufficient to control the disease and no sources of natural resistance have been found. pathogen-derived resistance (pdr) can provide an ef ... | 2008 | 17712560 |
| parvoviral host range and cell entry mechanisms. | parvoviruses elaborate rugged nonenveloped icosahedral capsids of approximately 260 a in diameter that comprise just 60 copies of a common core structural polypeptide. while serving as exceptionally durable shells, capable of protecting the single-stranded dna genome from environmental extremes, the capsid also undergoes sequential conformational changes that allow it to translocate the genome from its initial host cell nucleus all the way into the nucleus of its subsequent host. lacking a duple ... | 2007 | 17765706 |
| occurrence of canine parvovirus type 2c in the united states. | canine parvovirus (cpv) type 2 (cpv-2) emerged around 1978 as a major pathogen of dogs worldwide. in the mid-1980s, the original cpv-2 had evolved and was completely replaced by 2 variants, cpv-2a and cpv-2b. in 2000, a new variant of cpv (named cpv-2c) was detected in italy and now cocirculates with types 2a and 2b in that country. the cpv-2c has also been reported from single outbreaks in vietnam and spain. this study was conducted to determine if cpv-2c occurs in the united states. thirty-thr ... | 2007 | 17823398 |
| immunodetection of canine parvovirus (cpv) in clinical samples by polyclonal antisera against cpv-vp2 protein expressed in esherichia coli as an antigen. | the entire virion protein 2 (vp2) gene of canine parvovirus (cpv) was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and engineered to be expressed by a bacterial expression vector pet-28a, under the control of the iptg-inducible t7lac promoter. sds-page gel revealed that vp2 expressed as a 67kda, and found mainly in the pellet of the bacterial lysates, suggesting that cytoplasmic expression is not preferred. the recombinant protein vp2 fused with his-tag was purified from esherichia coli using ni ... | 2007 | 17825928 |