| "agroinfection," an alternative route for viral infection of plants by using the ti plasmid. | most plant viruses are transmitted by insect vectors. we present an alternative method for the introduction of infectious viral dna that uses the ability of agrobacterium to transfer dna from bacterial cells to plants. cauliflower mosaic virus was chosen to develop this method because it is the best characterized plant dna virus and can be introduced into plants via aphids, virus particles, viral dna, or suitably treated cloned dna. we show that systemic infection of turnips results from woundin ... | 1986 | 16593697 |
| expression of a foreign gene linked to either a plant-virus or a drosophila promoter, after electroporation of protoplasts of rice, wheat, and sorghum. | the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene was expressed in protoplasts of three important graminaceous plant species after introduction of the gene by electroporation. gene transfer occurred when high-voltage electric pulses were applied either directly or indirectly (without anode contact) to a solution containing plasmid dna and protoplasts of rice, wheat, or sorghum. the indirect method was more rapid, resulted in higher protoplast viability, and was less subject to contamina ... | 1986 | 16593757 |
| analysis of cis-active sequences involved in the leaf-specific expression of a potato gene in transgenic plants. | st-ls1 is a light-inducible, single-copy gene from potato that is expressed only in photosynthetic tissues. various sequences derived from the 5'-upstream region of this gene were fused to the coding region of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene and to the gene 7 termination region of the transfer dna (t-dna) from the agrobacterium ti plasmid ptiach5 and transferred to tobacco using ti-plasmid vectors. after regeneration of whole plants, tissues were assayed for the expression of th ... | 1987 | 16593893 |
| stable and heritable inhibition of the expression of nopaline synthase in tobacco expressing antisense rna. | antisense nopaline synthase (nos) (d-nopaline synthase; ec 1.5.1.19) rna is stably expressed from the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transformed tobacco plants. the expression of a previously introduced wild-type nos gene is inhibited by the antisense rna, with less nos enzyme activity detected (by a factor of 8-50) depending on the tissue analyzed. the steady-state levels of nos mrna are reduced in the presence of the antisense rna, implying that mrna degradation is probably the main ... | 1987 | 16593903 |
| a stable bifunctional antisense transcript inhibiting gene expression in transgenic plants. | tobacco plants expressing constitutive chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat; ec 2.3.1.28) activity were obtained by transformation with a chimeric cat gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 19s promoter. plants expressing different levels of cat activity were retransformed with vectors containing cat sequences transcriptionally fused in the antisense orientation between the coding region of the hygromycin-resistance gene and the 3' end of the nopaline synthase gene. several plants regener ... | 1988 | 16593941 |
| cytokinin gene fused with a strong promoter enhances shoot organogenesis and zeatin levels in transformed plant cells. | the isopentenyltransferase (ipt) gene associated with cytokinin biosynthesis in plants was cloned from a tumor-inducing plasmid carried by agrobacterium tumefaciens and placed under the control of promoters of differing activities, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the nopaline synthase promoter. these promoter-gene constructs were introduced into wounded nicotiana stems, leaf pieces, and cucumber seedlings by a. tumefaciens infection. shoots were observed in the infection site on al ... | 1988 | 16593957 |
| reduction of polygalacturonase activity in tomato fruit by antisense rna. | polygalacturonase [pg; poly(1,4-alpha-d-galacturonide) glycanhydrolase; ec 3.2.1.15] is expressed in tomato only during the ripening stage of fruit development. pg becomes abundant during ripening and has a major role in cell wall degradation and fruit softening. tomato plants were transformed to produce antisense rna from a gene construct containing the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a full-length pg cdna in reverse orientation. the construct was integrated into the tomato genome by ... | 1988 | 16593997 |
| [transferring the suaeda salsa glutathione s-transferase and catalase genes enhances low temperature stress resistance in transgenic rice seedlings]. | the gst (glutathione s-transferase) and gst+cat1 (catalase 1) of suaeda salsa were introduced into a low temperature-sensitive rice cultivar (oryza sativa cv. zhonghua no.11) by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation under the control of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, and the transformed calli and plantlets were screened on murashige and skoog (1962) medium supplemented with hygromycin 25 microg/ml and cefotaxime 300 microg/ml. the putative primary transformants (t(0) g ... | 2006 | 16622324 |
| chitinase gene transformation through agrobacteriumand its explanation in soybean in order to induce resistance to root rot caused by rhizoctonia solani. | chitinase gene (chi) of bean which has been cloned in recombinant binary plasmid vector, pbi121 with 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv), were used for transformation of soybean using strain lba4404 of agrobacterium. the plasmid contained nptii gene that is a resistant gene to kanomycin as selector marker and gus gene as reporter. cotyledon explants of williams and clark cultivars were inoculated by agrobacterium suspension with pbi121 and were cultured in regeneration medium. after ... | 2005 | 16637205 |
| overexpression of carnation s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene generates a broad-spectrum tolerance to abiotic stresses in transgenic tobacco plants. | polyamines (pas), such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are present in all living organism and implicate in a wide range of cellular physiological processes. we have used transgenic technology in an attempt to evaluate their potential for mitigating the adverse effects of several abiotic stresses in plants. sense construct of full-length cdna for s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (samdc), a key enzyme in pa biosynthesis, from carnation (dianthus caryophyllus l.) flower was introduced in ... | 2006 | 16642382 |
| apoplastic expression of yeast-derived invertase in potato : effects on photosynthesis, leaf solute composition, water relations, and tuber composition. | in potato plants (solanum tuberosum), a chimeric yeast-derived invertase gene fused to a 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter has been expressed. the protein was targeted to the cell wall by using the signal peptide of proteinase inhibitor ii fused to the amino terminus of the yeast invertase. the transformed plants had crinkled leaves, showed a reduced growth rate, and produced fewer tubers. although in the apoplast of the leaves of the transformed plants the content of glucose and fructose ro ... | 1992 | 16652961 |
| normal growth of transgenic tobacco plants in the absence of cytosolic pyruvate kinase. | the coding sequence of the cytosolic isozyme of potato tuber pyruvate kinase (pk) was attached to the transit peptide of the small subunit of pea ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase and placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. this construct was transformed into nicotiana tabacum. unexpectedly, two primary transformants were recovered in which pk activity in leaves was greatly reduced. the reduction in pk activity appeared to result from the complete abs ... | 1992 | 16653063 |
| development of a plant transformation selection system based on expression of genes encoding gentamicin acetyltransferases. | the development of selectable markers for transformation has been a major factor in the successful genetic manipulation of plants. a new selectable marker system has been developed based on bacterial gentamicin-3-n-acetyltransferases [aac(3)]. these enzymes inactivate aminoglycoside antibiotics by acetylation. two examples of aac(3) enzymes have been manipulated to be expressed in plants. chimeric aac(3)-iii and aac(3)-iv genes were assembled using the constitutively expressed cauliflower mosaic ... | 1988 | 16666057 |
| promoter strength comparisons of maize shrunken 1 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2 promoters in mono- and dicotyledonous species. | promoter strengths of two maize alcohol dehydrogenase genes, adh1 and adh2, and the maize shrunken-1 gene, sh1, were evaluated by transient expression in cultured protoplasts of panicum maximum, triticum monococcum, and daucus carota. promoter elements were ligated in correct and opposite orientations as transcriptional gene fusions to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene containing the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. the relative levels of gene expression were compared to th ... | 1988 | 16666422 |
| cytokinin-to-auxin ratios and morphology of shoots and tissues transformed by a chimeric isopentenyl transferase gene. | tissues transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) gene cloned from the t-dna region of the ti plasmid or with the ipt gene placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (35s-ipt) were analyzed for auxin and cytokinin. free and total indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) levels in 35s-ipt-transformed nicotiana tabacum and cucumber cells were reduced by 12 to 78% in comparison to untransformed tissues. in contrast, free iaa concentrations in 35s-ipt-transformed nicotiana plum ... | 1989 | 16667140 |
| increased gene expression by the first intron of maize shrunken-1 locus in grass species. | the first intron of the shrunken-1 (sh1) locus of maize was incorporated into constructs containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) coupled with the nopaline synthase 3' polyadenylation signal. transcription was driven with the 35s promoter of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) or the sh1 promoter of maize. transient gene expression was monitored following electroporation into protoplasts of panicum maximum (guineagrass), pennisetum purpureum (napiergrass), or zea mays (maize). ... | 1989 | 16667219 |
| comparison of increased expression of wild-type and herbicide-resistant acetolactate synthase genes in transgenic plants, and indication of posttranscriptional limitation on enzyme activity. | genes encoding wild type acetolactate synthase (als) and a sulfonylurea herbicide-resistant form of the enzyme, isolated from arabidopsis thaliana, were expressed in transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants under the control of their native promoters or of the highly active cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. expression of the wild type coding region from the 35s promoter resulted in a small, threefold increase in sulfonylurea tolerance above the levels measured in tissue expressing the native wil ... | 1990 | 16667898 |
| slow-growth phenotype of transgenic tomato expressing apoplastic invertase. | the growth of transgenic tomato (lycopersicon esculentum) plants that express in their apoplast yeast invertase under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter is severely inhibited. the higher the level of invertase, the greater the inhibition of growth. a second phenotypic characteristic of these transgenic plants is the development of yellow and necrotic spots on the leaves, and leaf curling. again the severity of the symptoms is correlated with the level of invertase. these sy ... | 1991 | 16668000 |
| expression of dna coding for diphtheria toxin chain a is toxic to plant cells. | dna coding for the enzymatically active subunit a of diphtheria toxin was placed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and the agrobacterium left transfer-dna gene 7 polyadenylation signal. agrobacteria carrying a binary plant vector with the chimeric diphtheria toxin a gene had very low transforming activity in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.), and greatly diminished the recovery of stable transformants when mixed together with agrobacteria which alone transformed plant c ... | 1991 | 16668040 |
| reduction of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase content by antisense rna reduces photosynthesis in transgenic tobacco plants. | a complementary dna for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rubisco) was cloned from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and fused in the antisense orientation to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. this antisense gene was introduced into the tobacco genome, and the resulting transgenic plants were analyzed to assess the effect of the antisense rna on rubisco activity and photosynthesis. the mean content of extractable rubisco activity from the leaves of 10 antis ... | 1992 | 16668627 |
| dna methylation is involved in maintenance of an unusual expression pattern of an introduced gene. | in one of 30 transgenic tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) plants, the expression of an introduced beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, was found to be repressed as the plant matured, whereas the endogenous gus activity was unaffected. plants grown from seeds or regenerated from leaf discs derived from this plant showed a similar temporal pattern of expression. suspension-cultured cells established from nonexpressing leaves did not express the introduced ge ... | 1992 | 16668899 |
| subcellular location of delta-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase in root/nodule and leaf of soybean. | the expression of delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (p5cr) gene was found to be higher in soybean root nodules than in leaves and roots, and its expression in roots appeared to be osmoregulated (aj delauney, dps verma [1990] mol gen genet 221: 299-305). p5cr was purified to homogeneity as a monomeric protein of 29 kilodaltons by overexpression of a soybean p5cr cdna clone in escherichia coli. the ph optimum of the purified p5cr was altered by increasing the salt concentration, and maxim ... | 1992 | 16669085 |
| gene transfer and cauliflower mosaic virus promoter 35s activity in mammalian cells. | the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (camv35s) is extensively used in genetically modified crops for human and animal consumption. horizontal gene transfer is attracting particular attention, in light of experimental reports, showing the presence of dietary dna into animal tissues. health implications may derive from possible activities of the heterologous promoter in mammalian cells after integration in the host genome. to evaluate this hypothesis, in vivo and in vitro experiments were per ... | 2006 | 16753962 |
| glyphosate-induced anther indehiscence in cotton is partially temperature dependent and involves cytoskeleton and secondary wall modifications and auxin accumulation. | yield reduction caused by late application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant cotton (gossypium hirsutum; grc) expressing cp4 5-enol-pyruvylshikmate-3-p synthase under the cauliflower mosaic virus-35s promoter has been attributed to male sterility. this study was aimed to elucidate the factors and mechanisms involved in this phenomenon. western and tissue-print blots demonstrated a reduced expression of the transgene in anthers of grc compared to ovules of the same plants. glyphosate applicat ... | 2006 | 16766672 |
| isolation and mapping of small cauliflower mosaic virus dna fragments active as promoters in escherichia coli. | small ecori(*) fragments of cauliflower mosiac virus dna (strain cm4-184), which act as promoters for the tetracycline resistance gene on the promoter probe plasmid pbrh4 in escherichia coli, have been isolated and mapped on the viral genome. two regions of the viral genome contain dna sequences with promoter activity in e. coli. two independent cloned fragments from one region direct a high level of tetracycline resistance (up to 38 mug of tetracycline per ml). two independent fragments from th ... | 1981 | 16789206 |
| detection of genetic modification in cured tobacco leaf: proficiency testing using polymerase chain reaction-based methods. | the cooperation centre for scientific research relative to tobacco (coresta; paris, france) "task force genetically modified tobacco-detection methods" investigated the performance of qualitative and quantitative methods based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection and quantitation of genetically modified (gm) tobacco. in the 4 successful rounds of proficiency testing, the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter (camv 35s) and the agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase t ... | 2006 | 16792068 |
| varied growth, biomass and cellulose content in tobacco expressing yeast-derived invertases. | the effects of the expression of yeast-derived apoplastic (ai) and cytosolic (ci) invertases (ec 3.2.1.26) on biomass and structural carbohydrate accumulation in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. xanthi) were evaluated. transgenic tobacco plants expressing ai or ci under the control of either a tandem repeat of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (2x35s), or a promoter that drives xylem-localized expression (petroselinum crispum 4-coumarate:coa ligase promoter; 4cl) were generated. yeast-d ... | 2006 | 16794839 |
| chemical-induced autoexcision of selectable markers in elite tomato plants transformed with a gene conferring resistance to lepidopteran insects. | marker-free transgenic tomato plants harboring a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin gene, cryiac, were obtained by using a chemically regulated, cre/loxp-mediated site-specific dna recombination system, in which the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase gene flanked by two directly oriented loxp sites was located between the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and a promoterless cryiac. upon induction by 2 microm beta-estradiol, sequences encoding the selectable marker and cre ... | 2006 | 16802102 |
| expression of active hbmp2 in transgenic tobacco plants. | bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) is important for bone tissue repair. the goal of this research is to construct a high level human bmp2 (hbmp2) expression system using transgenic tobacco plants as a bioreactor. cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) enhancer, tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) enhancer, matrix attachment regions (mars) sequence, and "kozak" sequence were used to construct recombinant expression vectors and the high-expression vectors were screened ou ... | 2006 | 16819603 |
| generation of mercury-hyperaccumulating plants through transgenic expression of the bacterial mercury membrane transport protein merc. | the merc gene from acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans functions as a mercury uptake pump. merc protein localizes in the cytoplasmic membrane of plant cells. when arabidopsis thaliana and tobacco plants were transformed with the merc gene under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter, the resulting overexpression of merc rendered the host plants hypersensitive to hg2+ and they accumulated approximately twice as much hg2+ ion as the wild type plants. thus, bacterial mercuric ion trans ... | 2006 | 16830224 |
| enhanced cd2+ -selective root-tonoplast-transport in tobaccos expressing arabidopsis cation exchangers. | several arabidopsis cation exchangers (caxs) encode tonoplast-localized transporters that appear to be major contributors to vacuolar accumulation/sequestration of cadmium (cd(2+)), an undesirable pollutant ion that occurs in man largely as a result of dietary consumption of aerial tissues of food plants. but, ion-selectivity of individual cax transporter types remains largely unknown. here, we transformed nicotiana tabacum with several cax genes driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s ... | 2007 | 16845524 |
| barley stripe mosaic virus-encoded proteins triple-gene block 2 and gammab localize to chloroplasts in virus-infected monocot and dicot plants, revealing hitherto-unknown roles in virus replication. | replication of barley stripe mosaic virus (bsmv), genus hordeivirus, is thought to be associated with vesicles in proplastids and chloroplasts, but the molecular details of the process and identity of virus proteins involved in establishing the virus replication complexes are unknown. in addition, bsmv encodes a triple-gene block of movement proteins (tgbs) that putatively share functional roles with their counterparts in other hordei-, pomo- and pecluviruses, but detailed information on the int ... | 2006 | 16847137 |
| characterization of a novel plant promoter specifically induced by heavy metal and identification of the promoter regions conferring heavy metal responsiveness. | the bean (phaseolus vulgaris) stress-related gene number 2 (pvsr2) gene responds to heavy metals but not to other forms of environmental stresses. to elucidate its heavy metal-regulatory mechanism at the transcriptional level, we isolated and characterized the promoter region (-1623/+48) of pvsr2. deletions from the 5' end revealed that a sequence between -222 and -147 relative to the transcriptional start site was sufficient for heavy metal-specific induction of the promoter region of pvsr2. de ... | 2007 | 16861574 |
| halotag: a new versatile reporter gene system in plant cells. | halotag interchangeable labeling technology (halotag) was originally developed for mammalian cell analysis. in this report, the use of halotag is demonstrated in plant cells for the first time. this system allows different fluorescent colours to be used to visualize the localization of the non-fluorescent halotag protein within living cells. a vector was constructed which expresses the halotag protein under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus. the functionality of the hal ... | 2006 | 16873446 |
| chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the tobacco pr-1a- and the truncated camv 35s promoter reveals differences in salicylic acid-dependent tga factor binding and histone acetylation. | salicylic acid (sa) is a plant signalling molecule needed for the induction of defence responses upon attack by a variety of pathogens. truncation of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter down to 90 bp has identified activation sequence-1 (as-1) as an autonomous sa-responsive cis element. the as-1-like elements are found in a number of sa-inducible promoters like e.g. the tobacco pr-1a promoter. they are recognized by basic/leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors of the tga family ... | 2006 | 16897482 |
| protein-protein interactions and nuclear trafficking of coat protein and betac1 protein associated with bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease. | bhendi yellow vein mosaic disease (byvmd) is caused by a complex consisting of a monopartite begomovirus byvmv and a satellite dna beta component. byvmv represents a new member of the emerging group of monopartite begomoviruses requiring a satellite component for symptom induction. here we report the results of the transient expression of green fluorescent protein (gfp) fused with the betac1 and coat protein (cp) coding regions, in the epidermal cells of nicotiana benthamiana. gfpcp was found to ... | 2006 | 16934356 |
| accumulation of recombinant sars-cov spike protein in plant cytosol and chloroplasts indicate potential for development of plant-derived oral vaccines. | plants are promising candidates as bioreactors for the production of oral recombinant proteins in the biopharmaceutical industry. as an initial step toward provision of an oral vaccine against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), we have expressed a partial spike (s) protein of sars-cov in the cytosol of nuclear-transformed plants and in the chloroplasts of plastid-transformed plants. in the construction of both nuclear and plastid transformation vectors, a 2-kilobase nu ... | 2006 | 16946403 |
| physiological effects of constitutive expression of oilseed rape mosaic tobamovirus (ormv) movement protein in arabidopsis thaliana. | movement proteins (mps) are non-cell autonomous viral-encoded proteins that assist viruses in their cell-to-cell movement. the mp encoded by tobamoviruses is the best characterized example among mps of non-tubule-inducing plant rna viruses. the mp of oilseed rape mosaic tobamovirus (ormv) was transgenically expressed in arabidopsis thaliana, ecotype rld, under the expression of the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. transgenic lines were obtained in sense and antisense orientations. one ... | 2006 | 16957879 |
| a fluoroorotic acid-resistant mutant of arabidopsis defective in the uptake of uracil. | a fluoroorotic acid (foa)-resistant mutant of arabidopsis thaliana was isolated by screening m2 populations of ethyl methane sulphonate (ems)-mutagenized columbia seed. foa resistance was due to a nuclear recessive gene, for1-1, which locates to a 519 kb region in chromosome 5. assays of key regulatory enzymes in de novo pyrimidine synthesis (uridine monophosphate synthase) and salvage biochemistry (thymidine kinase) confirmed that foa resistance in for1-1/for1-1 plants was not due to altered en ... | 2006 | 16968882 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding the saussurea medusa chalcone isomerase and its expression in transgenic tobacco. | chalcone isomerase (chi; ec 5.5.1.6) is a key enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. we isolated a chi gene (smchi) from a cdna library derived from saussurea medusa (asteraceae) cell cultures. the cdna and genomic sequences of smchi are the same; in other words, this gene is intronless. the coding region of the gene is 699 bp long, and its deduced protein consists of 232 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 24 kda and a pi of 4.7. the deduced amino acid sequence of smchi shares ... | 2006 | 17010632 |
| high content of resveratrol in lettuce transformed with a stilbene synthase gene of parthenocissus henryana. | resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a plant phytoalexin which has positive effects on human health. stilbene synthase (sts) is a key enzyme involved in resveratrol biosynthesis. to construct a vector for sts expression in lettuce plant, a cdna-encoding sts of parthenocissus henryana was fused to the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, and the bar gene was used as a selective marker gene. to increase the expression of sts, the expression cassette was flanked by mars. in tra ... | 2006 | 17032013 |
| characterization of farb7, a near root-specific gene from strawberry (fragariaxananassa duch.) and promoter activity analysis in homologous and heterologous hosts. | many insect and fungal pathogens posing agronomically important threats specifically target the roots in strawberry. the use of a root-specific promoter to confer expression of resistance genes in a targeted manner has the potential appreciably to benefit the genetic improvement of commercial strawberry varieties. a novel gene, farb7, was isolated from strawberry (fragariaxananassa duch.) and found to contain motifs characteristic of tonoplast intrinsic proteins (tips). phylogenetic analysis rev ... | 2006 | 17032728 |
| heterologous expression and molecular and cellular characterization of capub1 encoding a hot pepper u-box e3 ubiquitin ligase homolog. | the u-box motif is a conserved domain found in the diverse isoforms of e3 ubiquitin ligase in eukaryotes. from water-stressed hot pepper (capsicum annuum l. cv pukang) plants, we isolated c. annuum putative u-box protein 1 (capub1), which encodes a protein containing a single u-box motif in its n-terminal region. in vitro ubiquitination and site-directed mutagenesis assays revealed that capub1 possessed e3 ubiquitin ligase activity and that the u-box motif was indeed essential for its enzyme act ... | 2006 | 17041029 |
| expression of a beta-glucosidase gene results in increased accumulation of salicylic acid in transgenic nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi-nc nn genotype. | a beta-glucosidase gene (bgla) from butyrivibrio fibrisolvens h17c was cloned into the binary vector pga482 under the control of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) promoter. a second construct was generated for accumulation of the bgla gene product in the vacuole of transformed tobacco plants. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that the bgla gene was expressed in 71% of cytosol-targeted and 67% of vacuole-targeted transgenic tobacco t(1) plants. t(1) trans ... | 2007 | 17082925 |
| expression and characterization of acidothermus cellulolyticus e1 endoglucanase in transgenic duckweed lemna minor 8627. | endoglucanase e1 from acidothermus cellulolyticus was expressed cytosolically under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter in transgenic duckweed, lemna minor 8627 without any obvious observable phenotypic effects on morphology or rate of growth. the recombinant enzyme co-migrated with the purified catalytic domain fraction of the native e1 protein on western blot analysis, revealing that the cellulose-binding domain was cleaved near or in the linker region. the duckweed-expressed ... | 2007 | 17127051 |
| production of biologically active human interleukin-4 in transgenic tobacco and potato. | interleukin-4 (il-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a key regulatory role in the immune system. recombinant human il-4 (rhil-4) offers great potential for the treatment of cancer, viral and autoimmune diseases. unfortunately, the high production cost of il-4 associated with conventional expression systems has, until now, limited broader clinical testing, particularly with regard to the more convenient and safer oral delivery of il-4 as opposed to parenteral injection in patients. in this s ... | 2005 | 17129313 |
| manipulating volatile emission in tobacco leaves by expressing aspergillus nigerbeta-glucosidase in different subcellular compartments. | expression of the aspergillus nigerbeta-glucosidase gene, bgl1, in nicotiana tabacum plants (cv. xanthi) had a profound effect on the volatile emissions of intact and crushed leaves. bgl1 was expressed under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and targeted to the cytoplasm, cell wall, lytic vacuole (lv), chloroplast or endoplasmic reticulum (er). subcellular localization was confirmed by gold immunolabelling, followed by transmission electron microscopy (tem). signifi ... | 2004 | 17134395 |
| genetic manipulation of gamma-linolenic acid (gla) synthesis in a commercial variety of evening primrose (oenothera sp.). | a robust agrobacterium-mediated transformation procedure was developed for rigel, a commercial cultivar of evening primrose, and used to deliver a cdna encoding a delta(6)-desaturase from borage under the control of a cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. analysis of the transformed plants demonstrated an altered profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with an increase in gamma-linolenic acid and octadecatetraenoic acid in leaf tissues when compared with control lines. | 2004 | 17134396 |
| the efficacy of a novel insecticidal protein, allium sativum leaf lectin (asal), against homopteran insects monitored in transgenic tobacco. | the homopteran group of polyphagous sucking insect pests causes severe damage to many economically important plants including tobacco. allium sativum leaf lectin (asal), a mannose-binding 25-kda homodimeric protein, has recently been found to be antagonistic to various sucking insects in the homopteran group through artificial diet bioassay experiments. the present study describes, for the first time, the expression of the asal coding sequence under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (c ... | 2005 | 17147631 |
| bioengineered 'golden' indica rice cultivars with beta-carotene metabolism in the endosperm with hygromycin and mannose selection systems. | vitamin-a deficiency (vad) is a major malnutrition problem in south asia, where indica rice is the staple food. indica-type rice varieties feed more than 2 billion people. hence, we introduced a combination of transgenes using the biolistic system of transformation enabling biosynthesis of provitamin a in the endosperm of several indica rice cultivars adapted to diverse ecosystems of different countries. the rice seed-specific glutelin promoter (gt-1 p) was used to drive the expression of phytoe ... | 2003 | 17147745 |
| a defect in carbohydrate metabolism ameliorates symptom severity in virus-infected arabidopsis thaliana. | altered starch accumulation is a characteristic biochemical symptom of virus infection in plants. to assess its biological importance, infection of arabidopsis thaliana with turnip vein-clearing virus, cucumber mosaic virus or cauliflower mosaic virus was investigated in plants grown under continuous illumination (under which there is no net breakdown of starch) and in pgm1 mutant plants lacking chloroplastic phosphoglucomutase, an enzyme required for starch biosynthesis. virus-infected wild-typ ... | 2007 | 17170466 |
| nitrogen-dependent posttranscriptional regulation of the ammonium transporter atamt1;1. | ammonium transporter (amt) proteins of the amt family mediate the transport of ammonium across plasma membranes. to investigate whether amts are regulated at the posttranscriptional level, a gene construct consisting of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter driving the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) amt1;1 gene was introduced into tobacco (nicotiana tabacum). ectopic expression of atamt1;1 in transgenic tobacco lines led to high transcript levels and protein levels at the plasma membrane ... | 2007 | 17172286 |
| up-regulation of sucrose synthase and udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase impacts plant growth and metabolism. | the effects of the overexpression of sucrose synthase (susy) and udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ugpase) on plant growth and metabolism were evaluated in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi). t(1) transgenic plants expressing either gene under the control of a tandem repeat cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter (2x35s) or a xylem-localized 4cl promoter (4-coumarate:coa ligase; 4cl) were generated, and reciprocally crossed to generate plants expressing both genes. transcript levels, enzyme activ ... | 2006 | 17177788 |
| enhanced seed phytosterol accumulation through expression of a modified hmg-coa reductase. | the regulation of phytosterol biosynthesis in seeds is of interest to biotechnologists because of the efficacy of dietary phytosterols in reducing blood cholesterol in humans. mevalonate synthesis via 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme a reductase (hmg-coa reductase) is a key step in phytosterol biosynthesis. hmg-coa reductase is inactivated by phosphorylation by snf1-related protein kinase 1 (snrk1). with the aim of increasing seed phytosterol levels, transgenic tobacco plants were produced ex ... | 2006 | 17177798 |
| expression of xylanase with high specific activity from streptomyces olivaceoviridis a1 in transgenic potato plants (solanum tuberosum l.). | the gene, xynb, from streptomyces olivaceoviridis a1 encoding xylanase, xynb, with a high specific activity for xylan, was transformed into potato (solanum tuberosum l.) by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the integration of xynb into genomic dna was confirmed by pcr and reverse transcriptase-pcr. the gene was expressed under the control of a constitutive double cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. both sds-page and western blot analysis showed high levels of expression of the 21 kda and 31 k ... | 2007 | 17206370 |
| overexpression of the chimeric gene of the floral regulator constans and the ear motif repressor causes late flowering in arabidopsis. | the transcription factor constans (co) plays a central role in the photoperiod pathway by integrating the circadian clock and light signals into a control for flowering time. co induces flowering locus t (ft) and suppressor of overexpression of co 1 (soc1) expression, and thereby promotes flowering. the ethylene-responsive element-binding factor associated amphiphilic repression (ear) motif was used to construct a constans-ear motif repressor gene (co-rep), which was overexpressed in arabidopsis ... | 2007 | 17219103 |
| the leatl6-associated ubiquitin/proteasome system may contribute to fungal elicitor-activated defense response via the jasmonic acid-dependent signaling pathway in tomato. | the expression of leatl6, an ortholog of arabidopsis atl6 that encodes a ring-h2 finger protein, was induced in tomato roots treated with a cell wall protein fraction (cwp) elicitor of the biocontrol agent pythium oligandrum. the leatl6 protein was expressed as a fusion protein with a maltose-binding protein (mbp) in escherichia coli, and it catalyzed the transfer of ubiquitin to the mbp moiety on incubation with ubiquitin, the ubiquitin-activating enzyme e1, and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ... | 2007 | 17249424 |
| streptomyces-derived induction system for gene expression in cultured plant cells. | we have constructed an induction system for plant gene expression using an operator/repressor gene pair of streptomyces virginiae. in this system, the repressor protein bara dissociates from the operator sequence bare in the presence of an inducer virginiae butanolide (vb), resulting in the induction of the transcription of the operator's downstream genes required for virginiamycin biosynthesis [kinoshita et al., j. bacteriol., 179, 6986-6993 ((1997))]. two vectors were constructed: one was an e ... | 2006 | 17270721 |
| improved expression of recombinant gfp using a replicating vector based on beet curly top virus in leaf-disks and infiltrated nicotiana benthamiana leaves. | recombinant green fluorescent protein (gfp) with a molecular mass of 29 kda was transiently expressed in agrobacterium-inoculated leaf-disks prepared from nicotiana benthamiana plants. expression of gfp from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35 s promoter within a replicating vector based on the geminivirus beet curly top virus (bctv) was more than 3 times higher than from a control, non-replicating vector. use of the cassava vein mosaic virus (csvmv) promoter in the bctv replicating vector in ... | 2007 | 17294255 |
| a chemically inducible cucumber mosaic virus amplicon system for expression of heterologous proteins in plant tissues. | a novel cucumber mosaic virus inducible viral amplicon (cmviva) expression system has been developed that allows for tightly regulated chemically inducible expression of heterologous genes in plant hosts. transient production of recombinant alpha(1)-antitrypsin (raat), a human blood protein, was demonstrated in nicotiana benthamiana leaves. the highest production levels were obtained by co-infiltrating leaves with agrobacterium tumefaciens cells containing cmviva carrying the aat gene and a. tum ... | 2006 | 17309729 |
| iron acquisition by phytosiderophores contributes to cadmium tolerance. | based on the ability of phytosiderophores to chelate other heavy metals besides iron (fe), phytosiderophores were suggested to prevent graminaceous plants from cadmium (cd) toxicity. to assess interactions between cd and phytosiderophore-mediated fe acquisition, maize (zea mays) plants were grown hydroponically under limiting fe supply. exposure to cd decreased uptake rates of 59fe(iii)-phytosiderophores and enhanced the expression of the fe-phytosiderophore transporter gene zmys1 in roots as we ... | 2007 | 17337530 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter sequence alters the level and patterns of activity of adjacent tissue- and organ-specific gene promoters. | here we report the effect of the 35s promoter sequence on activities of the tissue- and organ-specific gene promoters in tobacco plants. in the absence of the 35s promoter sequence the aap2 promoter is active only in vascular tissues as indicated by expression of the aap2:gus gene. with the 35s promoter sequence in the same t-plasmid, transgenic plants exhibit twofold to fivefold increase in aap2 promoter activity and the promoter becomes active in all tissue types. transgenic plants hosting the ... | 2007 | 17340093 |
| expression of a heat stable phytase from aspergillus fumigatus in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. nc89). | aspergillus fumigatus contains a heat-stable phytase of great potential. to determine whether this phytase could be expressed in plants as a functional enzyme, we introduced the phytase gene from a. fumigatus (fphya) in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. nc89) by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. phytase expression was controlled by the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter. secretion of recombinant phytase (tfphya) to the extracellular fluid was established by use of the signal seque ... | 2007 | 17385337 |
| over-expression of an arabidopsis family a sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) gene alters plant growth and fibre development. | the objective of this study was to manipulate the intracellular pools of sucrose by differentially expressing exogenous sucrose phosphate synthase (sps) and investigating its role in regulating plant growth and fibre development. tobacco (nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi) plants were transformed with an arabidopsis sps gene under the regulation of the ubiquitously expressed tandem repeat of the 35s cauliflower mosaic virus promoter, and subject to growth trials and fibre characterization. it was app ... | 2008 | 17415671 |
| resistance to root-knot nematode in tomato roots expressing a nematicidal bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. | our laboratory has demonstrated previously that bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crystal (cry) proteins present in the cry5 and cry6 subclades intoxicate free-living nematodes. in this study, we tested whether the expression of nematicidal cry6a in transgenic plants provided protection against plant-parasitic nematodes. as bacterial codon usage is incompatible with expression in plants, two different codon-modified cry6a genes were synthesized for expression in plants. one was designed by maintaining ... | 2007 | 17451491 |
| transgenic nicotiana benthamiana plants resistant to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus based on rna silencing. | rna silencing technology was used to confer resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (cgmmv). nicotiana benthamiana was transformed with a transgene designed to produce an inverted repeat rna containing cgmmv-coat protein gene (cp) sequences, which were separated by an intron sequence, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter. we attempted to confirm the resistance of seven independent transgenic lines; five lines showed resistance to cgmmv infection. the systemic s ... | 2007 | 17453214 |
| isolation and functional analysis of a myb transcription factor gene that is a key regulator for the development of red coloration in apple skin. | red coloration of apple (malus x domestica) skin is an important determinant of consumer preference and marketability. anthocyanins are responsible for this coloration, and their accumulation is positively correlated with the expression level of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. regulation of expression of these genes is believed to be controlled by myb transcription factors, and the myb transcription factors involved in the activation of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes have been isolated in variou ... | 2007 | 17526919 |
| attenuation of the hypersensitive response by an atpase associated with various cellular activities (aaa) protein through suppression of a small gtpase, adp ribosylation factor, in tobacco plants. | atpase associated with various cellular activities (aaa) proteins are commonly distributed among eukaryotes, and are involved in a multitude of cellular functions. ntaaa1 is one such example, being involved in pathogen response in tobacco plants. when its activity was suppressed in rnai transgenic tobacco plants, an elevated resistance to the pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae was observed in comparison with the wild type. as aaa proteins function through interaction with specific partner ... | 2007 | 17559512 |
| expression of bacillus subtilis proba genes and reduction of feedback inhibition of proline synthesis increases proline production and confers osmotolerance in transgenic arabidopsis. | proline accumulation has been shown to correlate with tolerance to drought and salt stresses in plants. we attempt to introduce the wild-type, mutant, and fusion proba genes derived from bacillus subtilis into arabidopsis thaliana under the control of a strong promoter cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (camv35s). the transgenic plants produced higher level of free proline than control and the overproduction of proline resulted in the increased tolerance to osmotic stress in transgenic plants. besides ... | 2007 | 17562291 |
| expression of a recombinant human sperm-agglutinating mini-antibody in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum l.). | the murine monoclonal antibody (mab) s19 recognizes an n-linked carbohydrate antigen designated sperm agglutination antigen-1 (saga1) located on the membrane protein cd52. this antigen is added to the sperm surface during epididymal maturation. binding of the s19 mab to saga-1 causes the rapid agglutination of sperm and blocks pre-fertilization events. previous studies indicated that the s19 mab may be a potential specific spermicidal agent (termed a spermistatic) capable of replacing current sp ... | 2007 | 17566292 |
| a rice promoter containing both novel positive and negative cis-elements for regulation of green tissue-specific gene expression in transgenic plants. | the tissue-specific expression of transgenes is essential in plant breeding programmes to avoid the fitness costs caused by constitutive expression of a target gene. however, knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of tissue-specific gene expression and practicable tissue-specific promoters is limited. in this study, we identified the cis-acting elements of a tissue-specific promoter from rice, p(d54o), and tested the application of original and modified p(d54o) and its cis-elements in the regulat ... | 2007 | 17596180 |
| indicated detection of two unapproved transgenic rice lines contaminating vermicelli products. | we analyzed the dna fragments extracted from four rice vermicelli products. the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) rice line, which has a construct similar to the gm shanyou 63 line, was detected in some vermicelli products by identification of the junction region sequence between rice act1 promoter and the cry1ac gene, and that between cry1ac and nos. in addition, we also detected a different bt rice line by means of the junction region sequence between the maize ubiquitin promoter and cry1ab gene and ... | 2007 | 17608495 |
| functional analysis of cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter: re-evaluation of the role of subdomains b5, b4 and b2 in promoter activity. | the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) promoter is used extensively for transgene expression in plants. the promoter has been delineated into different subdomains based on deletion analysis and gain-of-function studies. however, cis-elements important for promoter activity have been identified only in the domains b1 (as-2 element), a1 (as-1 element) and minimal promoter (tata box). no cis-elements have been described in subdomains b2-b5, although these are reported to be important for the overal ... | 2007 | 17608668 |
| enhanced resistance and neutralization of defense responses by suppressors of rna silencing. | the effects of transgenic expression of the potato virus y (pvy) hcpro silencing suppressor in tobacco were examined on infection by several viruses. infection by tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) was reduced at 25 degrees c, but not at 33 degrees c. by contrast, systemic infection at 33 degrees c by the tmv expressing green fluorescent protein was promoted by the hcpro. infection by tobacco rattle virus (trv) was restricted to local necrotic lesions by the pvy hcpro. however, this resistance was neutr ... | 2007 | 17617488 |
| heat suppresses activation of an auxin-responsive promoter in cultured guard cell protoplasts of tree tobacco. | cultured guard cell protoplasts (gcp) of tree tobacco (nicotiana glauca) comprise a novel system for investigating the cell signaling mechanisms that lead to acquired thermotolerance and thermoinhibition. at 32 degrees c in a medium containing an auxin (1-naphthaleneacetic acid [naa]) and a cytokinin (6-benzylaminopurine), gcp expand, regenerate cell walls, dedifferentiate, and divide. at 38 degrees c, gcp acquire thermotolerance within 24 h, but their expansion is limited and they neither regen ... | 2007 | 17704234 |
| over-expression of the arabidopsis dre/crt-binding transcription factor dreb2c enhances thermotolerance. | the dehydration responsive element binding protein 2 (dreb2) subgroup belongs to the plant-specific apetala2/ethylene-responsive element binding factor (ap2/erf) family of transcription factors. we have characterized cdna encoding arabidopsis thaliana dreb2c, which is induced by mild heat stress. both an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (emsa) and a yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that dreb2c(145-528) was able to form a complex with the dehydration responsive element/c-repeat (dre/crt; a/gcc ... | 2007 | 17716623 |
| expression of the membrane-associated resistance protein rpw8 enhances basal defense against biotrophic pathogens. | the powdery mildew resistance genes rpw8.1 and rpw8.2 from arabidopsis differ from the other isolated plant resistance (r) genes in their predicted protein domains and their resistance spectrum. the two homologous rpw8 genes encode small proteins featuring a predicted amino-terminal transmembrane anchor domain and a coiled-coil domain and confer resistance to a broad spectrum of powdery mildews. here, we show that arabidopsis plants expressing the rpw8 genes have enhanced resistance to another b ... | 2007 | 17722700 |
| high-efficiency protein expression in plants from agroinfection-compatible tobacco mosaic virus expression vectors. | plants are increasingly being examined as alternative recombinant protein expression systems. recombinant protein expression levels in plants from tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-based vectors are much higher than those possible from plant promoters. however the common tmv expression vectors are costly, and at times technically challenging, to work with. therefore it was a goal to develop tmv expression vectors that express high levels of recombinant protein and are easier, more reliable, and more co ... | 2007 | 17723150 |
| the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter: combinatorial regulation of transcription in plants. | appropriate regulation of transcription in higher plants requires specific cis elements in the regulatory regions of genes and their corresponding trans-acting proteins. analysis of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter has contributed to the understanding of transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. the intact 35s promoter confers constitutive expression upon heterologous genes in most plants. dissection into subdomains that are able to confer tissue-specific gene expression has demonst ... | 1990 | 17746920 |
| transient and stable expression of the firefly luciferase gene in plant cells and transgenic plants. | the luciferase gene from the firefly, photinus pyralis, was used as a reporter of gene expression by light production in transfected plant cells and transgenic plants. a complementary dna clone of the firefly luciferase gene under the control of a plant virus promoter (cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter) was introduced into plant protoplast cells (daucus carota) by electroporation and into plants (nicotiana tabacum) by use of the agrobacterium tumefaciens tumor-inducing plasmid. extracts ... | 1986 | 17758108 |
| transgenic plants with enhanced resistance to the fungal pathogen rhizoctonia solani. | the production of enzymes capable of degrading the cell walls of invading phytopathogenic fungi is an important component of the defense response of plants. the timing of this natural host defense mechanism was modified to produce fungal-resistant plants. transgenic tobacco seedlings constitutively expressing a bean chitinase gene under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter showed an increased ability to survive in soil infested with the fungal pathogen rhizoctonia solani and dela ... | 1991 | 17776411 |
| polyhydroxybutyrate, a biodegradable thermoplastic, produced in transgenic plants. | polyhydroxybutyrate (phb), a high molecular weight polyester, is accumulated as a storage carbon in many species of bacteria and is a biodegradable thermoplastic. to produce phb by genetic engineering in plants, genes from the bacterium alcaligenes eutrophus that encoded the two enzymes required to convert acetoacetyl-coenzyme a to phb were placed under transcriptional control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s promoter and introduced into arabidopsis thaliana. transgenic plant lines that conta ... | 1992 | 17787950 |
| a monopartite begomovirus-associated dna beta satellite substitutes for the dna b of a bipartite begomovirus to permit systemic infection. | dna beta is a circular single-stranded satellite dna which co-infects with certain monopartite helper begomoviruses to cause economically important diseases, such as cotton leaf curl disease (clcud). dna beta encodes a single protein, betac1. tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv) is a bipartite begomovirus in which both dna a and dna b are required for systemic infection. inoculation of tomato plants with tolcndv dna a alone induced local but not systemic infection, whereas co-inoculation w ... | 2007 | 17872543 |
| [effective expression of the gene encoding an extracellular ribonuclease of zinnia elegans in the sr1 nicotiana tabacum plants]. | complementary dna for the extracellular rnase of zinnia elegans was cloned under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna constitutive promoter and transferred into the nicotiana tabacum sr1 plants. primary tobacco transformants were characterized by a high level of rnase activity. | 2007 | 17899821 |
| comparative expression of beta-glucuronidase with five different promoters in transgenic carrot (daucus carota l.) root and leaf tissues. | tissue-specific patterns and levels of protein expression were characterized in transgenic carrot plants transformed with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by one of five promoters: cauliflower mosaic virus 35s (35s) and double 35s (d35s), arabidopsis ubiquitin (ubq3), mannopine synthase (mas2) from agrobacterium tumefaciens or the rooting loci promoter (rold) from a. rhizogenes. five independently transformed carrot lines of each promoter construct were assessed for gus activity. in leav ... | 2008 | 17924115 |
| novel plant transformation vectors containing the superpromoter. | we developed novel plasmids and t-dna binary vectors that incorporate a modified and more useful form of the superpromoter. the superpromoter consists of a trimer of the octopine synthase transcriptional activating element affixed to the mannopine synthase2' (mas2') transcriptional activating element plus minimal promoter. we tested a superpromoter-beta-glucuronidasea fusion gene in stably transformed tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) and maize (zea mays) plants and in transiently transformed maize bl ... | 2007 | 17932307 |
| improving zinc content and antioxidant activity in transgenic tomato plants with expression of mouse metallothionein-i by mt-i gene. | metallothioneins (mts), as a family of low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich, and metal-binding proteins, show potential for utilization in functional food. tomato plants were transformed with gene constructs that contained mt-i encoding the mouse mt-i, similar in sense orientation with the constitutively active double 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus. three independent transformants, which had copies of the gene in their genomes, were obtained. in these transgenic lines, high-level expr ... | 2007 | 17960876 |
| chloroplast-like organelles were found in enucleate sieve elements of transgenic plants overexpressing a proteinase inhibitor. | sapin2a, a plant proteinase inhibitor from nightshade (solanum americanum), was located to the enucleate sieve elements (ses) of phloem. the expressed sapin2a in transgenic lettuce showed inhibition of plant endogenous trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like activities, suggesting that sapin2a can regulate proteolysis in plant cells. to further investigate the physiological role of sapin2a, we produced transgenic nightshade and lettuce plants overexpressing sapin2a from the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv ... | 2007 | 17986772 |
| overexpression of the apple mpnpr1 gene confers increased disease resistance in malus x domestica. | the npr1 gene plays a pivotal role in systemic acquired resistance in plants. its overexpression in arabidopsis and rice results in increased disease resistance and elevated expression of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes. an npr1 homolog, mpnpr1-1, was cloned from apple (malus x domestica) and overexpressed in two important apple cultivars, galaxy and m26. apple leaf pieces were transformed with the mpnpr1 cdna under the control of the inducible pin2 or constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus (camv ... | 2007 | 17990964 |
| the hypersensitive response to tomato leaf curl new delhi virus nuclear shuttle protein is inhibited by transcriptional activator protein. | the hypersensitive response (hr) is a common feature of plant disease resistance reactions and a type of programmed cell death (pcd). many pathogens are able to modulate pathways involved in cell death. in contrast to animal viruses, inhibitors of pcd activity have not been identified for plant-infecting viruses. previously, we have reported that the nuclear shuttle protein (nsp) of tomato leaf curl new delhi virus (tolcndv) induces an hr in nicotiana tabacum and lycopersicon esculentum plants w ... | 2007 | 17990965 |
| detection and characterization of recombinant dna expressing vip3a-type insecticidal gene in gmos--standard single, multiplex and construct-specific pcr assays. | vegetative insecticidal protein (vip), a unique class of insecticidal protein, is now part of transgenic plants for conferring resistance against lepidopteron pests. in order to address the imminent regulatory need for detection and labeling of vip3a carrying genetically modified (gm) products, we have developed a standard single pcr and a multiplex pcr assay. as far as we are aware, this is the first report on pcr-based detection of a vip3a-type gene (vip-s) in transgenic cotton and tobacco. ou ... | 2008 | 17994293 |
| the transcription factor idef1 regulates the response to and tolerance of iron deficiency in plants. | iron is essential for most living organisms and is often the major limiting nutrient for normal growth. plants induce iron utilization systems under conditions of low iron availability, but the molecular mechanisms of gene regulation under iron deficiency remain largely unknown. we identified the rice transcription factor idef1, which specifically binds the iron deficiency-responsive cis-acting element ide1. idef1 belongs to an uncharacterized branch of the plant-specific transcription factor fa ... | 2007 | 18025467 |
| analysis of gdp-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase gene promoter from acerola (malpighia glabra) and increase in ascorbate content of transgenic tobacco expressing the acerola gene. | gdp-d-mannose pyrophosphorylase (gmp) is an important enzyme in the smirnoff-wheeler's pathway for the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid (asa) in plants. we have reported recently that the expression of the acerola (malpighia glabra) gmp gene, designated mggmp, correlates with the asa content of the plant. the acerola plant has very high levels of asa relative to better studied model plants such as arabidopsis. here we found that the gmp mrna levels in acerola are higher than those from arabidopsis ... | 2008 | 18037674 |
| genetic transformation via somatic embryogenesis to establish herbicide-resistant opium poppy. | a reliable genetic transformation protocol via somatic embryogenesis has been developed for the production of fertile, herbicide-resistant opium poppy plants. transformation was mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens using the pcambia3301 vector, which harbors the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (pat) gene driven by a tandem repeat of the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter and the beta-glucuronidase (gus) structural gene driven by a single copy of the camv 35s promoter between left- ... | 2008 | 18057938 |
| use of 4-methylindole or 7-methyl-dl-tryptophan in a transformant selection system based on the feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit of tobacco (asa2). | effective selectable markers are needed for basic research and commercial applications that do not involve antibiotic or herbicide resistance. a novel selection system based on a feedback-insensitive anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit of tobacco (asa2) as selectable marker using either 4-methylindole (4mi) or 7-methyl-dl-tryptophan (7mt) as the selection agent was developed. we found that these two components were able to discriminate better between asa2 expressing and untransformed lines than ... | 2008 | 18060408 |
| an arabidopsis purple acid phosphatase with phytase activity increases foliar ascorbate. | ascorbate (asa) is the most abundant antioxidant in plant cells and a cofactor for a large number of key enzymes. however, the mechanism of how asa levels are regulated in plant cells remains unknown. the arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) activation-tagged mutant at23040 showed a pleiotropic phenotype, including ozone resistance, rapid growth, and leaves containing higher asa than wild-type plants. the phenotype was caused by activation of a purple acid phosphatase (pap) gene, atpap15, which co ... | 2008 | 18065557 |
| expression of a fungal ferulic acid esterase increases cell wall digestibility of tall fescue (festuca arundinacea). | in the cell walls of forage grasses, ferulic acid is esterified to arabinoxylans and participates with lignin monomers in oxidative coupling pathways to generate ferulate-polysaccharide-lignin complexes that cross-link the cell wall. such cross-links hinder cell wall degradation by ruminant microbes, reducing plant digestibility. in this study, genetically modified festuca arundinacea plants were produced expressing an aspergillus niger ferulic acid esterase (faea) targeted to the vacuole. the r ... | 2008 | 18086237 |
| enhancement of stress tolerance in transgenic tobacco plants constitutively expressing atipk2beta, an inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase from arabidopsis thaliana. | inositol phosphates (ips) and their turnover products have been implicated to play important roles in stress signaling in eukaryotic cells. in higher plants genes encoding inositol polyphosphate kinases have been identified previously, but their physiological functions have not been fully resolved. here we expressed arabidopsis inositol polyphosphate 6-/3-kinase (atipk2beta) in two heterologous systems, i.e. the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and in tobacco (nicotiana tabacum), and tested the ef ... | 2008 | 18165921 |
| over-expression of udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase in hybrid poplar affects carbon allocation. | the effects of the over-expression of the acetobacter xylinum udp-glucose pyrophosphorylase (ugpase) under the control of the tandem repeat cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (2x35s) on plant metabolism and growth were investigated in hybrid poplar (populus albaxgrandidentata). transcript levels, enzyme activity, growth parameters, leaf morphology, structural and soluble carbohydrates, and soluble metabolite levels were quantified in both transgenic and wild-type trees. transgenic 2x35s::ugpase p ... | 2007 | 18182429 |
| a novel lipoxygenase gene from developing rice seeds confers dual position specificity and responds to wounding and insect attack. | oslox1 is a novel full-length cdna isolated from developing rice seeds. we have examined its biochemical properties and expression patterns. the protein has dual positional specificity, as it releases both c-9 and c-13 oxidized products in a 4:3 ratio. oslox1 transcripts were detected at low abundance in immature seeds and newly germinated seedlings, but accumulate rapidly and transiently in response to wounding or brown planthopper (bph) attack, reaching a peak 3 h after wounding and 6 h after ... | 2008 | 18185911 |