| african swine fever virus p10 protein exhibits nuclear import capacity and accumulates in the nucleus during viral infection. | african swine fever virus (asfv), a large enveloped dna-containing virus, infects domestic and wild pigs, and multiplies in soft ticks, causing an economically relevant hemorrhagic disease. evaluation of the nuclear import ability of asfv p10 protein was the major purpose of the present work. two approaches were used to determine if p10 protein is imported into the nucleus by an active process: a yeast-based nuclear import assay and the determination of the subcellular localization of p10 protei ... | 2008 | 18243588 |
| a238l inhibits nf-atc2, nf-kappa b, and c-jun activation through a novel mechanism involving protein kinase c-theta-mediated up-regulation of the amino-terminal transactivation domain of p300. | the transcriptional coactivators creb-binding protein and p300 regulate inducible transcription in multiple cellular processes and during the establishment of inflammatory and immune response. several viruses have been shown to interfere with creb-binding protein/p300 function, modulating their transcriptional activity. in this study, we report that the viral protein a238l interacts with the amino-terminal region of p300, inhibiting the acetylation and transcriptional activation of nf-atc2, nf-k ... | 2008 | 18250452 |
| african swine fever virus dna in soft ticks, senegal. | african swine fever is a highly contagious disease of pigs in africa. although its persistence in senegal may be caused by asymptomatic carriers involved in the domestic transmission cycle, we demonstrated that the soft tick ornithodoros sonrai can be naturally infected with the causative agent. | 2007 | 18258050 |
| domains involved in calcineurin phosphatase inhibition and nuclear localisation in the african swine fever virus a238l protein. | the african swine fever virus a238l protein inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity and activation of nf-kappab and p300 co-activator. an 82 amino acid domain containing residues 157 to 238 at the c-terminus of a238l was expressed in e. coli and purified. this purified a238l fragment acted as a potent inhibitor of calcineurin phosphatase in vitro with an ic50 of approximately 70 nm. two putative nuclear localisation signals were identified between residues 80 to 86 (nls-1) and between residues ... | 2008 | 18261759 |
| a179l, a viral bcl-2 homologue, targets the core bcl-2 apoptotic machinery and its upstream bh3 activators with selective binding restrictions for bid and noxa. | several large dna viruses encode bcl-2 protein homologues involved in the regulation of the cellular apoptosis cascade. this regulation often involves the interaction of these viral proteins with diverse cellular bcl-2 family members. we have identified the specific interactions of a179l, an african swine fever virus (asfv) bcl-2 homologue, with the active forms of the porcine bh3-only bid protein (truncated bid p13 and p15). transient expression of asfv a179l gene in vero cells prevented apopto ... | 2008 | 18329683 |
| role of hepatic macrophages during the viral haemorrhagic fever induced by african swine fever virus. | to ascertain the role played by the various liver monocyte-macrophage populations in the course of a viral hemorrhagic fever, fifteen pigs were inoculated intramuscularly with the highly virulent isolate of african swine fever virus (asfv) españa-70 and slaughtered at 1-7 days post-inoculation (dpi). samples of liver were fixed in different solutions and routinely processed for morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies. viral antigen (vp73) was detected from 3 dpi onward, ma ... | 2008 | 18366006 |
| cytokine mrna expression and pathological findings in pigs inoculated with african swine fever virus (e-70) deleted on a238l. | african swine fever virus (asfv) induces a variety of immune responses and clinical forms in domestic pigs. as it is the only member of the asfarviridae family, asfv encodes many novel genes not encoded by other virus families. among these genes, a238l may regulate the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines, controlled mainly by nfkappab and nfat pathways. in this study, we inoculated two groups of pigs, one with the asfv highly virulent e-70 isolate, deleted on a238l gene, and the other group ... | 2008 | 18384883 |
| general preadaptation of viral infectors to their hosts. | we tested the hypothesis of optimal adaptation of viral infectors to eukaryotic hosts, using (1) correlation in codon and amino acid usage between organisms, and (2) canonical correlation between groups of hosts and infectors. the codon correlations between parasites and hosts vary, being low between swine and african swine fever virus (asf; r = 0.18), and highest between potato and potato virus x (r = 0.60). the correlations might indicate different stages of evolution toward optimal adaptation ... | 2008 | 18493153 |
| the envelope of intracellular african swine fever virus is composed of a single lipid bilayer. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a member of a family of large nucleocytoplasmic dna viruses that include poxviruses, iridoviruses, and phycodnaviruses. previous ultrastructural studies of asfv using chemical fixation and cryosectioning for electron microscopy (em) have produced uncertainty over whether the inner viral envelope is composed of a single or double lipid bilayer. in this study we prepared asfv-infected cells for em using chemical fixation, cryosectioning, and high-pressure freezi ... | 2008 | 18550658 |
| altered order of substrate binding by dna polymerase x from african swine fever virus. | a sequential ordered substrate binding established previously for several dna polymerases is generally extended to all dna polymerases, and the characterization of novel polymerases is often based on the assumption that the enzymes should productively bind dna substrate first, followed by template-directed dntp binding. the comprehensive kinetic study of dna polymerase x (pol x) from african swine fever virus reported here is the first analysis of the substrate binding order performed for a low- ... | 2008 | 18598057 |
| electron microscope observations of african swine fever virus in tissue culture cells. | african swine fever virus, hinde isolate, grown in a stable pig kidney cell line and primary pig kidney cells, was examined for successive stages in the development of the virus particle. the mature particle has a hexagonal outer membrane structure (diameter 175-215 micron) surrounding an electron lucent region and a dense nucleoid (diameter 72-89 micron). the increase in particle production in the cell cytoplasm is consistent with both the rise in infectivity as measured in pig kidney cell cult ... | 1966 | 18611474 |
| african swine fever virus protein p30 interaction with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k (hnrnp-k) during infection. | heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein k (hnrnp-k) was identified as interacting cellular protein with the abundant immediate early protein p30 from african swine fever virus (asfv) in a macrophage cdna library screening. the interacting regions of hnrnp-k with p30 were established within residues 35-197, which represent kh1 and kh2 domains responsible for rna binding. colocalization of hnrnp-k and p30 was observed mainly in the nucleus, but not in the cytoplasm of infected cells and infection ... | 2008 | 18775702 |
| the low-virulent african swine fever virus (asfv/nh/p68) induces enhanced expression and production of relevant regulatory cytokines (ifnalpha, tnfalpha and il12p40) on porcine macrophages in comparison to the highly virulent asfv/l60. | the impact of infection by the low-virulent asfv/nh/p68 (nhv) and the highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60) isolates on porcine macrophages was assessed through the quantification of ifnalpha, tnfalpha, il12p40, tgfbeta and asfv genes by real-time pcr at 2, 4 and 6 h post-infection. increased ifnalpha, tnfalpha and il12p40 expression was found in infection with nhv, in which expression of tgfbeta was lower than in infection with l60. principal component analysis showed a positive interaction of cytokin ... | 2008 | 18787755 |
| mismatched base-pair simulations for asfv pol x/dna complexes help interpret frequent g*g misincorporation. | dna polymerase x (pol x) from the african swine fever virus is a 174-amino-acid repair polymerase that likely participates in a viral base excision repair mechanism, characterized by low fidelity. surprisingly, pol x's insertion rate of the g*g mispair is comparable to that of the four watson-crick base pairs. this behavior is in contrast with another x-family polymerase, dna polymerase beta (pol beta), which inserts g*g mismatches poorly, and has higher dna repair fidelity. using molecular dyna ... | 2008 | 18955064 |
| pathogenicity of endophytic entomopathogenic fungi to ornithodoros erraticus and ornithodoros moubata (acari: argasidae). | the argasid ticks o. erraticus and o. moubata are of great medical and veterinary importance because they are vectors of the african swine fever virus and several species of human relapsing fever borreliae. biocontrol of these ticks using entomopathogenic fungi has not been previously reported. we examined the pathogenicity to different developmental stages of these two argasids of six strains of the fungal species beauveria bassiana (strains bb1764 and bb2157), lecanicillium lecanii (strains ll ... | 2008 | 18976863 |
| african swine fever virus blocks the host cell antiviral inflammatory response through a direct inhibition of pkc-theta-mediated p300 transactivation. | during a viral infection, reprogramming of the host cell gene expression pattern is required to establish an adequate antiviral response. the transcriptional coactivators p300 and creb binding protein (cbp) play a central role in this regulation by promoting the assembly of transcription enhancer complexes to specific promoters of immune and proinflammatory genes. here we show that the protein a238l encoded by african swine fever virus counteracts the host cell inflammatory response through the ... | 2009 | 19004945 |
| enhanced discrimination of african swine fever virus isolates through nucleotide sequencing of the p54, p72, and pb602l (cvr) genes. | complete sequencing of p54-gene from 67 european, american, and west and east african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates revealed that west african and european asfv isolates classified within the predominant genotype i according to partial sequencing of p72 were discriminated into four major sub-types on the basis of their p54 sequences. this highlighted the value of p54 gene sequencing as an additional, intermediate-resolution, molecular epidemiological tool for typing of asfv viruses. we furth ... | 2009 | 19009341 |
| expression, cellular localization and antibody responses of the african swine fever virus genes b602l and k205r. | previously, we identified serological immunodeterminants of african swine fever virus (asfv), including pk205r and pb602l, without homologues in the database. pk205r is expressed as a 33-kd protein from 4 h post-infection onward, initially diffusely distributed throughout cells, and subsequently in viral factories. pk205r was not found in purified virus. both pk205r and pb602l are recognised by hyperimmune antisera from domestic pigs and bushpigs at late time points after infection, suggesting t ... | 2008 | 19011730 |
| antiviral activity of lauryl gallate against animal viruses. | antiviral compounds are needed in the control of many animal and human diseases. | 2008 | 19043925 |
| african swine fever virus isolate, georgia, 2007. | african swine fever (asf) is widespread in africa but is rarely introduced to other continents. in june 2007, asf was confirmed in the caucasus region of georgia, and it has since spread to neighboring countries. dna fragments amplified from the genome of the isolates from domestic pigs in georgia in 2007 were sequenced and compared with other asf virus (asfv) isolates to establish the genotype of the virus. sequences were obtained from 4 genome regions, including part of the gene b646l that enc ... | 2008 | 19046509 |
| inhibition of a large double-stranded dna virus by mxa protein. | increasing evidence points to the importance of the interferon (ifn) response in determining the host range and virulence of african swine fever virus (asfv). infection with attenuated strains of asfv leads to the upregulation of genes controlled by ifn pathways, including myxovirus resistance (mx) genes that are potent effectors of the antiviral state. mx gene products are known to inhibit the replication of many negative-sense single-stranded rna viruses, as well as double-stranded rna viruses ... | 2009 | 19109387 |
| deciphering dorin m glycosylation by mass spectrometry. | the soft tick, ornithodoros moubata, is a vector of several bacterial and viral pathogens including borrelia duttoni, a causative agent of relapsing fever and african swine fever virus. previously, a sialic acid-specific lectin dorin m was isolated from its hemolymph. here, we report on the complete characterization of the primary sequence of dorin m. using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified three different glycopeptides in the tryptic digest of dorin m. the peptid ... | 2008 | 19136723 |
| african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large, intracytoplasmically-replicating dna arbovirus and the sole member of the family asfarviridae. it is the etiologic agent of a highly lethal hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine and therefore extensively studied to elucidate the structures, genes, and mechanisms affecting viral replication in the host, virus-host interactions, and viral virulence. increasingly apparent is the complexity with which asfv replicates and interacts with the host cell durin ... | 2009 | 19216435 |
| epitope mapping using phage-display random fragment libraries. | phage-display has become a method of choice for epitope mapping and has been successfully used in numerous published studies. although the inaugural studies were all done with random peptide libraries (see chapter "epitope mapping using phage display peptide libraries"), gene- or genome-targeted random fragment libraries have proven to be a more effective epitope mapping approach for some antibodies. in this chapter, we describe the mapping of linear and conformational epitopes of the major afri ... | 2009 | 19377955 |
| modulation of the structure, catalytic activity, and fidelity of african swine fever virus dna polymerase x by a reversible disulfide switch. | african swine fever virus polymerase x (pol x) is the smallest dna polymerase known (174 amino acids), and its tertiary structure resembles the c-terminal half of prototypical x-family pol beta, which includes a catalytic dntp-binding site (palm domain) and a finger domain. this structural similarity and the presence of viral genes coding for other base excision repair proteins suggest that pol x functions in a manner similar to pol beta, but inconsistencies concerning pol x catalysis have been ... | 2009 | 19419958 |
| recombinant antigen targets for serodiagnosis of african swine fever. | african swine fever (asf) is an infectious and economically important disease of domestic pigs. there is no vaccine, and so reliable diagnosis is essential for control strategies. the performance of four recombinant asf virus (asfv) protein (pk205r, pb602l, p104r, and p54)-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) was evaluated with european porcine field sera that had been established by office international des epizooties (oie)-approved tests to be asfv negative (n = 119) and asfv posi ... | 2009 | 19420186 |
| an investigation into the first outbreak of african swine fever in the republic of mauritius. | outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) have been reported from many countries, particularly in sub-saharan africa, but until 2007 the disease had never been reported from the republic of mauritius. this is the first report describing field epidemiological and laboratory investigations into the outbreak of the lethal pig disease on the island. the official index case displayed clinical and necropsy signs suggestive of asf. serological and agent identification methods used to confirm and investiga ... | 2009 | 19432639 |
| african swine fever virus ap endonuclease is a redox-sensitive enzyme that repairs alkylating and oxidative damage to dna. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes an ap endonuclease (pe296r) which is essential for virus growth in swine macrophages. we show here that the dna repair functions of pe296r (ap endonucleolytic, 3'-->5' exonuclease, 3'-diesterase and nucleotide incision repair (nir) activities) and dna binding are inhibited by reducing agents. protein pe296r contains one intramolecular disulfide bond, whose disruption by reducing agents might perturb the interaction of the viral ap endonuclease with the dn ... | 2009 | 19464038 |
| characterization of african swine fever virus iap homologue expression in porcine macrophages infected with different virulence isolates. | genes modulating apoptosis are encoded by many viruses and have an important role in viral evasion mechanisms. our objective was to characterize the expression of the iap homologue gene of african swine fever virus (asfv), 4-cl, during in vitro infection of porcine macrophages, the preferential target cell for viral replication. expression was compared along parallel infections by two naturally occurring asfv isolates of different virulence: highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60) and low virulent non-he ... | 2009 | 19477086 |
| viral mechanisms involved in the transcriptional cbp/p300 regulation of inflammatory and immune responses. | the transcriptional coactivators creb-binding protein (capital es, cyrilliccapital ve, cyrilliccapital er, cyrillic) and small er, cyrillic300 regulate inducible transcription in multiple cellular processes and during the establishment of inflammatory and immune response. these closely related transcriptional coactivators arc able to modulate the transcription of specific genes, modify chromatin structure, and influence cell-cycle progression. several viruses have been shown to interfere with cr ... | 2009 | 19496744 |
| dimer interface migration in a viral sulfhydryl oxidase. | large double-stranded dna viruses, including poxviruses and mimiviruses, encode enzymes to catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds in viral proteins produced in the cell cytosol, an atypical location for oxidative protein folding. these viral disulfide catalysts belong to a family of sulfhydryl oxidases that are dimers of a small five-helix fold containing a cys-x-x-cys motif juxtaposed to a flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor. we report that the sulfhydryl oxidase pb119l from african swine f ... | 2009 | 19576902 |
| assessing the impact of climate change on vector-borne viruses in the eu through the elicitation of expert opinion. | expert opinion was elicited to undertake a qualitative risk assessment to estimate the current and future risks to the european union (eu) from five vector-borne viruses listed by the world organization for animal health. it was predicted that climate change will increase the risk of incursions of african horse sickness virus (ahsv), crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) and rift valley fever virus (rvfv) into the eu from other parts of the world, with african swine fever virus (asfv) a ... | 2010 | 19580695 |
| cellular processes essential for african swine fever virus to infect and replicate in primary macrophages. | the macrophage (mø) is an essential immune cell for innate immunity. such cells are targeted by african swine fever virus (asfv). the early phases of infection with asfv have been previously characterized in non-leukocyte cells such as vero cells. here, we report on several additional key parameters that asfv utilizes during the infection of primary mø. related to virus infection, we established that receptor-mediated endocytosis of the virus by mø is not the exclusive means of entry to infect t ... | 2010 | 19632793 |
| apoptosis in porcine macrophages infected in vitro with african swine fever virus (asfv) strains with different virulence. | african swine fever virus (asfv) replicates in porcine macrophages. since modulation of cell death by asfv strains of different virulence is poorly understood, we studied the development of apoptosis in porcine macrophage cultures during in vitro infection with the high- and low-virulence isolates asfv/l60 (l60) and asfv/nh/p68 (nhv), respectively. in cultures inoculated with each isolate, similar numbers of cells hosting infection showed morphological signs of apoptosis, which were visible from ... | 2009 | 19657705 |
| african swine fever: how can global spread be prevented? | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs with mortality rates approaching 100 per cent. it causes major economic losses, threatens food security and limits pig production in affected countries. asf is caused by a large dna virus, african swine fever virus (asfv). there is no vaccine against asfv and this limits the options for disease control. asf has been confined mainly to sub-saharan africa, where it is maintained in a sylvatic cycle and/or among domestic pigs. wi ... | 2009 | 19687038 |
| the african swine fever virus g5r protein possesses mrna decapping activity. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes a single nudix enzyme in its genome, termed the g5r protein (g5rp). nudix phosphohydrolases cleave a variety of substrates, such as nucleotides and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. previously, asfv g5rp was shown to hydrolyze diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and gtp, but was unable to cleave methylated mrna cap analogues. in vaccinia virus (vacv), a distant relative of asfv, the d9 and d10 nudix enzymes were shown to cleave the mrna cap, but only whe ... | 2009 | 19695654 |
| regulation of host translational machinery by african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv), like other complex dna viruses, deploys a variety of strategies to evade the host's defence systems, such as inflammatory and immune responses and cell death. here, we analyse the modifications in the translational machinery induced by asfv. during asfv infection, eif4g and eif4e are phosphorylated (ser1108 and ser209, respectively), whereas 4e-bp1 is hyperphosphorylated at early times post infection and hypophosphorylated after 18 h. indeed, a potent increase i ... | 2009 | 19714237 |
| the cd2v protein enhances african swine fever virus replication in the tick vector, ornithodoros erraticus. | the nh/p68 non-haemadsorbing (non-had) african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate contains frameshift mutations in the ep402r and adjacent ep153r genes. these encode, respectively, the protein (cd2v) that is required for the haemadsorption (had) of swine erythrocytes to asfv-infected cells and a c-type lectin protein. two recombinant had viruses were constructed in this parental strain. in one of these the intact ep153r gene sequence was restored. although restoration of the had phenotype did not ... | 2009 | 19729182 |
| the african swine fever virus virion membrane protein pe248r is required for virus infectivity and an early postentry event. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) protein pe248r, encoded by the gene e248r, is a late structural component of the virus particle. the protein contains intramolecular disulfide bonds and has been previously identified as a substrate of the asfv-encoded redox system. its amino acid sequence contains a putative myristoylation site and a hydrophobic transmembrane region near its carboxy terminus. we show here that the protein pe248r is myristoylated during infection and associates with the membr ... | 2009 | 19793823 |
| detection of novel sequences related to african swine fever virus in human serum and sewage. | the family asfarviridae contains only a single virus species, african swine fever virus (asfv). asfv is a viral agent with significant economic impact due to its devastating effects on populations of domesticated pigs during outbreaks but has not been reported to infect humans. we report here the discovery of novel viral sequences in human serum and sewage which are clearly related to the asfarvirus family but highly divergent from asfv. detection of these sequences suggests that greater genetic ... | 2009 | 19812170 |
| african swine fever virus polyprotein pp62 is essential for viral core development. | one of the most characteristic features of african swine fever virus gene expression is its use of two polyproteins, pp220 and pp62, to produce several structural proteins that account for approximately 32% of the total protein virion mass. equimolecular amounts of these proteins are the major components of the core shell, a thick protein layer that lies beneath the inner envelope, surrounding the viral nucleoid. polyprotein pp220, which is located immediately underneath the internal envelope, i ... | 2010 | 19846532 |
| remarkable sequence similarity between the dinoflagellate-infecting marine girus and the terrestrial pathogen african swine fever virus. | heterocapsa circularisquama dna virus (hcdnav; previously designated as hcv) is a giant virus (girus) with a approximately 356-kbp double-stranded dna (dsdna) genome. hcdnav lytically infects the bivalve-killing marine dinoflagellate h. circularisquama, and currently represents the sole dna virus isolated from dinoflagellates, one of the most abundant protists in marine ecosystems. its morphological features, genome type, and host range previously suggested that hcdnav might be a member of the f ... | 2009 | 19860921 |
| dynamin- and clathrin-dependent endocytosis in african swine fever virus entry. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dna virus that enters host cells after receptor-mediated endocytosis and depends on acidic cellular compartments for productive infection. the exact cellular mechanism, however, is largely unknown. in order to dissect asfv entry, we have analyzed the major endocytic routes using specific inhibitors and dominant negative mutants and analyzed the consequences for asfv entry into host cells. our results indicate that asfv entry into host cells takes place ... | 2010 | 19939916 |
| a host species-informative internal control for molecular assessment of african swine fever virus infection rates in the african sylvatic cycle ornithodoros vector. | african swine fever virus (asfv) infection in adult ornithodoros porcinus (murry 1877, sensuwalton 1979) ticks collected from warthog burrows in southern and east africa was assessed using a duplex genomic amplification approach that is informative with respect to the invertebrate host species and infecting sylvatic cycle virus. dna extracted from individual ticks was used as template for the simultaneous amplification of a c-terminal 478-bp asfv p72 gene region and a approximately 313-bp fragme ... | 2009 | 19941606 |
| the use of cos-1 cells for studies of field and laboratory african swine fever virus samples. | different naturally occurring, cell adapted or genetically manipulated stocks of african swine fever virus were able to infect directly cultures of cos-1 cells, producing extensive cytopathic effects and amounts from 10(6) to 10(7) of infective progeny virus per ml. the induction of late virus-specific proteins, demonstrated by rt-pcr and immunoblotting, and the development of lysis plaques by all the virus samples tested so far, allowed the optimization of both titration and diagnostic assays, ... | 2010 | 19961878 |
| detection of african swine fever virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv). this assay targets the topoisomerase ii gene of asfv and its specificity was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion of the reaction products. the analytical sensitivity of this asfv lamp assay was at least 330 genome copies, and the test was able to detect representative isolates of asfv (n=38) without cross-reacting with classical swine fever virus. the performance of th ... | 2010 | 19963011 |
| african swine fever. | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs that causes up to 100% mortality, for which there is no vaccine. it is caused by a unique dna virus that is maintained in an ancient cycle between warthogs and argasid ticks, making it the only known dna arbovirus. asf has a high potential for transboundary spread, and has twice been transported from africa to other continents--europe and subsequently the caribbean and brazil (1957, 1959) and the caucasus (2007). it is also a ... | 2009 | 19967933 |
| molecular characterisation of african swine fever viruses from nigeria (2003-2006) recovers multiple virus variants and reaffirms cvr epidemiological utility. | samples collected from wild and domestic suids in nigeria, over a 3-year period (2003-2006), were evaluated for african swine fever (asf) virus genome presence by targeting three discrete genome regions, namely the 478-bp c-terminal p72 gene region advocated for genotype assignment, a 780-bp region spanning the 5'-ends of the pb125r and pb646l (p72) genes and the hypervariable central variable region (cvr) encoded within the 9rl orf (pb602l). asf virus (asfv) presence was confirmed in 23 of the ... | 2010 | 20052526 |
| phylogenomic analysis of 11 complete african swine fever virus genome sequences. | viral molecular epidemiology has traditionally analyzed variation in single genes. whole genome phylogenetic analysis of 123 concatenated genes from 11 asfv genomes, including e75, a newly sequenced virulent isolate from spain, identified two clusters. one contained south african isolates from ticks and warthog, suggesting derivation from a sylvatic transmission cycle. the second contained isolates from west africa and the iberian peninsula. two isolates, from kenya and malawi, were outliers. of ... | 2010 | 20171711 |
| intranuclear detection of african swine fever virus dna in several cell types from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues using a new in situ hybridisation protocol. | in this study, a new in situ hybridisation (ish) protocol has been developed to identify african swine fever virus (asfv) genome in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. different digoxigenin labelled asfv-probes were tested, including single asfv-specific oligonucleotides, an 18.5kb restriction fragment from the viral genome and the entire asfv genome. the latter showed the highest sensitivity in all tissues tested, independently of the virus used for challenge: e75l or ba71l. although a s ... | 2010 | 20417663 |
| african swine fever virus protein p17 is essential for the progression of viral membrane precursors toward icosahedral intermediates. | the first morphological evidence of african swine fever virus (asfv) assembly is the appearance of precursor viral membranes, thought to derive from the endoplasmic reticulum, within the assembly sites. we have shown previously that protein p54, a viral structural integral membrane protein, is essential for the generation of the viral precursor membranes. in this report, we study the role of protein p17, an abundant transmembrane protein localized at the viral internal envelope, in these process ... | 2010 | 20504920 |
| crystal structure and functional characterization of an immunomodulatory salivary cystatin from the soft tick ornithodoros moubata. | the saliva of blood-feeding parasites is a rich source of peptidase inhibitors that help to overcome the host's defence during host-parasite interactions. using proteomic analysis, the cystatin omc2 was demonstrated in the saliva of the soft tick ornithodoros moubata, an important disease vector transmitting african swine fever virus and the spirochaete borrelia duttoni. a structural, biochemical and biological characterization of this peptidase inhibitor was undertaken in the present study. rec ... | 2010 | 20545626 |
| investigation of african swine fever in slaughtered pigs, plateau state, nigeria, 2004-2006. | the occurrence of african swine fever (asf) dna in slaughtered pigs in the major pig producing areas of plateau state over a 2-year period was investigated. three hundred fifty-nine pig tissue samples from five local government councils (lgcs) were analyzed by clinical signs (c/s), postmortem (pm) lesions and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the results of diagnosis made by c/s and pm were compared to results obtained by pcr. out of the 359 abattoir samples, 13 (3.62%) were positive by examinati ... | 2010 | 20582719 |
| sensitive detection of african swine fever virus using real-time pcr with a 5' conjugated minor groove binder probe. | the design of a 5' conjugated minor groove binder (mgb) probe real-time pcr assay is described for the rapid, sensitive and specific detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna. the assay is designed against the 9gl region and is capable of detecting 20 copies of a dna standard. it does not detect any of the other common swine dna viruses tested in this study. the assay can detect asfv dna in a range of clinical samples. sensitivity was equivalent to the office international des epizooties ... | 2010 | 20621646 |
| small peptide inhibitors disrupt a high-affinity interaction between cytoplasmic dynein and a viral cargo protein. | several viruses target the microtubular motor system in early stages of the viral life cycle. african swine fever virus (asfv) protein p54 hijacks the microtubule-dependent transport by interaction with a dynein light chain (dynll1/dlc8). this was shown to be a high-affinity interaction, and the residues gradually disappearing were mapped on dlc8 to define a putative p54 binding surface by nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. the potential of short peptides targeting the binding domain ... | 2010 | 20686048 |
| the african swine fever virus dp71l protein recruits the protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit to dephosphorylate eif2alpha and inhibits chop induction but is dispensable for these activities during virus infection. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) dp71l protein is present in all isolates as either a short form of 70 to 72 amino acids or a long form of about 184 amino acids, and both of these share sequence similarity to the c-terminal domain of the herpes simplex virus icp34.5 protein and cellular protein gadd34. in the present study we expressed dp71l in different mammalian cells and demonstrated that dp71l causes dephosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eif2α) in resting ... | 2010 | 20702639 |
| control of african swine fever virus replication by small interfering rna targeting the a151r and vp72 genes. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the unique member of the asfarviridae family and asfivirus genus. it is an enveloped double-stranded dna arbovirus that replicates in the cell cytoplasm, similar to poxviruses. there is no vaccine and no treatment available to control this virus. | 2010 | 20710054 |
| african swine fever viruses with two different genotypes, both of which occur in domestic pigs, are associated with ticks and adult warthogs, respectively, at a single geographical site. | the role of the ancestral sylvatic cycle of the african swine fever virus (asfv) is not well understood in the endemic areas of eastern africa. we therefore analysed the asf infection status on samples collected from 51 free-ranging warthogs (phacocherus africanus) and 1576 ornithodorus porcinus ticks from 26 independent warthog burrows at a single ranch in kenya. abattoir samples from 83 domestic pigs without clinical symptoms, originating from specific locations with no recent reported asf out ... | 2010 | 20965989 |
| the african swine fever virus lectin ep153r modulates the surface membrane expression of mhc class i antigens. | we have modeled a 3d structure for the c-type lectin domain of the african swine fever virus protein ep153r, based on the structure of cd69, cd94 and ly49a cell receptors, and this model predicts that a dimer of ep153r may establish an asymmetric interaction with one mhc-i molecule. a functional consequence of this interaction could be the modulation of mhc-i expression. by using both transfection and virus infection experiments, we demonstrate here that ep153r inhibits mhc-i membrane expression ... | 2010 | 21069396 |
| on the modeling of the toll-like receptor 3 and a putative tlr3 antagonist encoded by the african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large dsdna virus responsible for a lethal pig disease, to which no vaccine has ever been obtained. its genome encodes a number of proteins involved in virus survival and transmission in its hosts, in particular proteins that inhibit signaling pathways in infected macrophages and thus interfere with the host's innate immune response. a recently identified novel asfv viral protein (pi329l) was found to inhibit the toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) signaling pathway ... | 2010 | 21082750 |
| structural models of dynll1 with interacting partners: african swine fever virus protein p54 and postsynaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin. | dynll1, the smallest dynein light chain, interacts with different cargos facilitating their cellular transport. usually the sequence recognized in the targets is homologous to the giqvd or the kxtqt motifs with a glutamine that is important for binding. here we add two new examples of dynll1 targets that can be classified into these two groups: asfv p54 and gephyrin. using nmr we demonstrate the direct interaction between dynll1 and two peptides derived from their interacting sequences. we model ... | 2010 | 21094642 |
| first detection of african swine fever virus in ornithodoros porcinus in madagascar and new insights into tick distribution and taxonomy. | abstract: | 2010 | 21118485 |
| emergence of african swine fever virus, northwestern iran. | in 2008, african swine fever was introduced into georgia, after which it spread to neighboring armenia, azerbaijan, and the russian federation. that same year, pcr and sequence analysis identified african swine fever virus in samples from 3 dead female wild boars in northwestern iran. wild boars may serve as a reservoir. | 2010 | 21122227 |
| design and verification of a highly reliable linear-after-the-exponential pcr (late-pcr) assay for the detection of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a highly pathogenic dna virus that is the causative agent of african swine fever (asf), an infectious disease of domestic and wild pigs of all breeds and ages, causing a range of syndromes. acute disease is characterized by high fever, haemorrhages in the reticuloendothelial system, and a high mortality rate. a powerful novel diagnostic assay based on the linear-after-the-exponential-pcr (late-pcr) principle was developed to detect asfv. late-pcr is an advance ... | 2010 | 21167207 |
| phenotypic and cytologic studies of lymphoid cells and monocytes in primary culture of porcine bone marrow during infection of african swine fever virus. | we have modeled in vitro infection of african swine fever virus (asfv) in primary unstimulated cells of the porcine bone marrow and have studied the phenotypical changes in the population of porcine lymphoid cells by cytophotometry. monocytes and large-sized lymphocytes completely vanished in 72 h of infection which is result of high sensitivity of those cells to asfv. we describe dna synthesis in monocytes at 24 h post infection. cytophotometry of the uninfected cells revealed the few number of ... | 2010 | 21184199 |
| seroprevalence of african swine fever in senegal, 2006. | in senegal, during 2002-2007, 11 outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) were reported to the world organisation for animal health. despite this, little was known of the epidemiology of asf in the country. to determine the prevalence of asf in senegal in 2006, we tested serum specimens collected from a sample of pigs in the 3 main pig-farming regions for antibodies to asf virus using an elisa. of 747 serum samples examined, 126 were positive for asf, suggesting a prevalence of 16.9%. the estimate ... | 2011 | 21192854 |
| a novel tlr3 inhibitor encoded by african swine fever virus (asfv). | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes proteins that manipulate important host antiviral mechanisms. bioinformatic analysis of the asfv genome revealed orf i329l, a gene without any previous functional characterization as a possible inhibitor of tlr signaling. we demonstrate that orf i329l encodes a highly glycosylated protein expressed in the cell membrane and on its surface. i329l also inhibited dsrna-stimulated activation of nfκb and irf3, two key players in innate immunity. consistent with ... | 2011 | 21203785 |
| genetic characterization of african swine fever viruses from a 2008 outbreak in tanzania. | outbreaks of african swine fever (asf) have been reported in the past from several countries in sub-saharan africa. the aim of this study was to genotype asf viruses (asfvs) from the 2008 outbreak in morogoro and dar es salaam regions of tanzania. tissue samples from domestic pigs that died as a result of severe haemorrhagic disease were collected and analysed with pcr and genome sequencing methods using asfv-specific primer sets. nucleotide sequence data were obtained for the b646l (p72), e183l ... | 2010 | 21214868 |
| cloning, characterization and diagnostic performance of the salivary lipocalin protein tsgp1 from ornithodoros moubata. | the argasid tick ornithodoros moubata is distributed throughout south and east africa and madagascar, where it colonizes wild and domestic habitats and feeds on warthogs, domestic swine, and humans. this argasid transmits the spirochete borrelia duttonii, causing east african tick-borne relapsing fever in humans, and the african swine fever virus, which causes a highly lethal haemorrhagic disease in pigs. tick surveillance and the elimination of o. moubata from synanthropic environments (human d ... | 2010 | 21216104 |
| processing and localization of the african swine fever virus cd2v transmembrane protein. | the african swine fever virus (asfv)-encoded cd2v transmembrane protein is required for the hemadsorption of red blood cells around infected cells and is also required for the inhibition of bystander lymphocyte proliferation in response to mitogens. we studied the expression of cd2v by expressing the gene with a v5 tag downstream from the signal peptide near the n terminus and a hemagglutinin (ha) tag at the c terminus. in asfv-infected cells, a full-length glycosylated form of the cd2v protein, ... | 2011 | 21248037 |
| modeling of the toll-like receptor 3 and a putative toll-like receptor 3 antagonist encoded by the african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large double-stranded dna virus responsible for a lethal pig disease, to which no vaccine has ever been obtained. its genome encodes a number of proteins involved in virus survival and transmission in its hosts, in particular proteins that inhibit signaling pathways in infected macrophages and, thus, interfere with the host's innate immune response. a recently identified novel asfv viral protein (pi329l) was found to inhibit the toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) s ... | 2011 | 21280117 |
| assessment of interactions between african swine fever virus, bushpigs (potamochoerus larvatus), ornithodoros ticks and domestic pigs in north-western madagascar. | since its introduction in madagascar in 1998, african swine fever (asf) has severely affected national pig production and persists as a common disease in that country. two of its natural hosts in the african continent, the bushpig (potamochoerus larvatus) and tick vectors of the ornithodoros moubata complex, are reported in west and central regions of the island. however, their role in the maintenance and transmission of the virus has been insufficiently studied. in this work, we tried to assess ... | 2011 | 21320295 |
| molecular monitoring of african swine fever virus using surveys targeted at adult ornithodoros ticks: a re-evaluation of mkuze game reserve, south africa. | the mkuze game reserve (mgr), in north-eastern kwazulu-natal province, south africa is an african swine fever virus (asf) controlled area. in a survey conducted in 1978, asf prevalence in warthogs and ornithodoros ticks in mgr was determined to be 2% and 0.06%, respectively. these values, acknowledged as being unusually low compared to other east and southern african asf-positive sylvatic-cycle host populations, have not been assessed since. the availability of a sensitive pcr-based virus detect ... | 2009 | 21344788 |
| genetic characterisation of african swine fever viruses from recent and historical outbreaks in sardinia (1978-2009). | three discrete regions of the african swine fever virus (asfv) were analysed in the genomes of a wide range of isolates collected from wild and domestic pigs in sardinia, over a 31-year period (1978-2009). the analysis was conducted by genotyping based on sequence data from three single copy asf genes. the e183l gene encoding the structural protein p54 and part of the gene encoding the p72 protein were used to delineate genotypes, before intra-genotypic resolution of viral relationships by analy ... | 2011 | 21373994 |
| [pathology of lymphoid tissue cells infected by african swine fever virus in vitro]. | the authors studied the pathology of bone marrow (bm) lymphoid cell from pigs infected by african swine fever virus (asfv) in vitro. monocytes were shown to be primarily afflicted in unstimulated bm culture. these cells disappeared completely 72 hours after infection. just 24 hours following asfv infection, there were atypical lymphocytes amounting to 12% of the general lymphoid population at hour 72 after inoculation.the area and perimeter of minor, middle, and large lymphocytes tended to reduc ... | 2011 | 21427953 |
| species-specific variation in rela underlies differences in nf-?b activity: a potential role in african swine fever pathogenesis. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a highly infectious disease of domestic pigs, with virulent isolates causing a rapidly fatal hemorrhagic fever. in contrast, the porcine species endogenous to africa tolerate infection. the ability of the virus to persist in one host while killing another genetically related host implies that disease severity may be, in part, modulated by host genetic variation. to complement transcription profiling approaches to identify the underlying genetic variation in th ... | 2011 | 21450812 |
| vaccination with viral protein-mimicking peptides postpones mortality in domestic pigs infected by african swine fever virus. | periodic outbreaks of african swine fever virus (asfv) infection around the world threaten local populations of domestic pigs with lethal disease and provide grounds for pandemic spread. effective vaccination may bring this threat under control. we investigated the effectiveness of select peptides mimicking viral proteins in establishing a protective immune response. forty-six synthetic peptides based on the analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence of asfv were tested for immunogenicity in m ... | 2011 | 21468582 |
| genomic analysis of highly virulent georgia 2007/1 isolate of african swine fever virus. | african swine fever is widespread in africa but has occasionally been introduced into other continents. in june 2007, african swine fever was isolated in the caucasus region of the republic of georgia and subsequently in neighboring countries (armenia, azerbaijan, and 9 states of the russian federation). previous data for sequencing of 3 genes indicated that the georgia 2007/1 isolate is closely related to isolates of genotype ii, which has been identified in mozambique, madagascar, and zambia. ... | 2011 | 21470447 |
| protection of european domestic pigs from virulent african isolates of african swine fever virus by experimental immunisation. | african swine fever (asf) is an acute haemorrhagic disease of domestic pigs for which there is currently no vaccine. we showed that experimental immunisation of pigs with the non-virulent ourt88/3 genotype i isolate from portugal followed by the closely related virulent ourt88/1 genotype i isolate could confer protection against challenge with virulent isolates from africa including the genotype i benin 97/1 isolate and genotype x uganda 1965 isolate. this immunisation strategy protected most pi ... | 2011 | 21549789 |
| comparative inhibitory activity of the stilbenes resveratrol and oxyresveratrol on african swine fever virus replication. | stilbenols are polyphenolic phytoalexins produced by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stress. these compounds have received much attention because of their significant biological effects. one of these is their antiviral action, which has previously been documented for two members of this class, namely resveratrol and oxyresveratrol. here we tested the antiviral effect of these two compounds on african swine fever virus, the only member of the newly created family asfarviridae and a seriou ... | 2011 | 21557969 |
| interactions of the dna polymerase x from african swine fever virus with the ssdna. properties of the total dna-binding site and the strong dna-binding subsite. | interactions of the polymerase x from the african swine fever virus with the ssdna have been studied, using quantitative fluorescence titration and fluorescence resonance energy transfer techniques. the primary dna-binding subsite of the enzyme, independent of the dna conformation, is located on the c-terminal domain. association of the bound dna with the catalytic n-terminal domain finalizes the engagement of the total dna-binding site of the enzyme and induces a large topological change in the ... | 2011 | 21601347 |
| kinetic mechanism of the ssdna recognition by the polymerase x from african swine fever virus. dynamics and energetics of intermediate formations. | kinetic mechanism of the ssdna recognition by the polymerase x of african swine fever virus (asfv) and energetics of intermediate formations have been examined, using the fluorescence stopped-flow method. the association is a minimum three-step processthe nucleic acid makes the initial contact through the c-terminal domain, which generates most of the overall δg°. in the second step the nucleic acid engages the n-terminal domain, assuming the bent structure. in equilibrium, the complex exists in ... | 2011 | 21605932 |
| thermodynamic analysis of the structure-function relationship in the total dna-binding site of enzyme-dna complexes. | both helicases and polymerases perform their activities when bound to the nucleic acids, that is, the enzymes possess a nucleic acid-binding site. functional complexity of the helicase or the polymerase action is reflected in the intricate structure of the total nucleic acid-binding site, which allows the enzymes to control and change their nucleic acid affinities during the catalysis. understanding the fundamental aspects of the functional heterogeneity of the total nucleic acid-binding site of ... | 2009 | 21603116 |
| virus inactivation by salt (nacl) and phosphate supplemented salt in a 3d collagen matrix model for natural sausage casings. | due to possible presence and spread of contagious animal viruses via natural sausage casings the international trade in these food products is subject to veterinary and public health requirements. in order to manage these restrictions we determined the effect of casing preservation on four highly contagious viruses for livestock: foot-and-mouth-disease virus (fmdv), classical swine fever virus (csfv), swine vesicular disease virus (svdv) and african swine fever virus (asfv). we used an in vitro ... | 2011 | 21632134 |
| the persistence of african swine fever virus in field-infected ornithodoros erraticus during the asf endemic period in portugal. | african swine fever (asf) is an important disease of pigs and outbreaks of asf have occurred in europe on multiple occasions. to explore the period for which the european soft tick species ornithodoros erraticus (acari: argasidae) is able to act as a reservoir of african swine fever virus (asfv) after infected hosts are removed, we collected specimens from farms in the provinces of alentejo and algarve in portugal during the endemic period and tested them subsequently using cell culture and expe ... | 2011 | 21655242 |
| african swine fever virus p72 genotype ix in domestic pigs, congo, 2009. | african swine fever virus p72 genotype ix, associated with outbreaks in eastern africa, is cocirculating in the republic of the congo with west african genotype i. data suggest that viruses from eastern africa are moving into western africa, increasing the threat of outbreaks caused by novel viruses in this region. | 2011 | 21801650 |
| chemical disinfection of high-consequence transboundary animal disease viruses on nonporous surfaces. | disinfection is a critical part of the response to transboundary animal disease virus (tadv) outbreaks by inactivating viruses on fomites to help control infection. to model the inactivation of tadv on fomites, we tested selected chemicals to inactivate foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv), african swine fever virus (asfv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv) dried on steel and plastic surfaces. for each of these viruses, we observed a 2 to 3 log reduction of infectivity due to drying alone. w ... | 2011 | 21798759 |
| quantitative risk assessment for the introduction of african swine fever virus into the european union by legal import of live pigs. | the recent incursion and spread of african swine fever virus (asfv) in the russian federation and caucasus region, close to european union (eu) borders, have increased the concerns regarding the probability of asfv introduction into the eu. there are many potential routes of asfv entry into eu, but here we specifically aimed to assess the probability of asfv introduction by legal trade of pigs, which historically has been one of the most important ways of exotic diseases introduction into the eu ... | 2011 | 21831148 |
| enhancing dna immunization by targeting asfv antigens to sla-ii bearing cells. | one of the main criticisms to dna vaccines is the poor immunogenicity that they confer on occasions, at least in large animals. confirming this theory, immunization with plasmid dna encoding two african swine fever virus genes in frame (pcmv-pq), failed in inducing detectable immune responses in pigs, while it was successful in mice. aiming to improve the immune responses induced in swine, a new plasmid was constructed, encoding the viral genes fused in frame with a single chain variable fragmen ... | 2011 | 21679736 |
| disruption of nuclear organization during the initial phase of african swine fever virus infection. | african swine fever virus (asfv), the causative agent of one of the most devastating swine diseases, has been considered exclusively cytoplasmic, even though some authors have shown evidence of an early stage of nuclear replication. in the present study, an increment of lamin a/c phosphorylation was observed in asfv-infected cells as early as 4 h postinfection, followed by the disassembling of the lamina network close to the sites where the viral genome starts its replication. at later time poin ... | 2011 | 21680527 |
| disinfection of foot-and-mouth disease and african swine fever viruses with citric acid and sodium hypochlorite on birch wood carriers. | transboundary animal disease viruses such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and african swine fever virus (asfv) are highly contagious and cause severe morbidity and mortality in livestock. proper disinfection during an outbreak can help prevent virus spread and will shorten the time for contaminated agriculture facilities to return to food production. wood surfaces are prevalent at these locations, but there is no standardized method for porous surface disinfection; commercial disinfectant ... | 2011 | 22115968 |
| methods for growing and titrating african swine fever virus: field and laboratory samples. | growing african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates obtained mainly from the field, but also engineered in the laboratory, is a critical step for diagnosis, titration, or virus infection studies. this unit describes a set of methods and protocols to produce and titrate any asfv strain in cell cultures. the procedures include (1) basic techniques to prepare virus-sensitive target cells; (2) strategies for growth, concentration, and purification of virus stocks; and (3) the semi-quantitative (end di ... | 2011 | 22161547 |
| characterization of african swine fever virus caucasus isolate in european wild boars. | since 2007, african swine fever has spread from the caucasus region. to learn more about the dynamics of the disease in wild boars (sus scrofa), we conducted experiments by using european wild boars. we found high virulence of caucasus isolates limited potential for establishment of endemicity. | 2011 | 22172247 |
| Development and inter-laboratory validation study of an improved new real-time PCR assay with internal control for detection and laboratory diagnosis of African swine fever virus. | A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the rapid detection of African swine fever virus (ASFV), multiplexed for simultaneous detection of swine beta-actin as an endogenous control, has been developed and validated by four National Reference Laboratories of the European Union for African swine fever (ASF) including the European Union Reference Laboratory. Primers and a TaqMan(®) probe specific for ASFV were selected from conserved regions of the p72 gene. The limit of detection of ... | 2011 | 21946285 |
| a new cloning system based on the opri lipoprotein for the production of recombinant bacterial cell wall-derived immunogenic formulations. | the conjugation of antigens with ligands of pattern recognition receptors (prr) is emerging as a promising strategy for the modulation of specific immunity. here, we describe a new escherichia coli system for the cloning and expression of heterologous antigens in fusion with the opri lipoprotein, a tlr ligand from the pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane (om). analysis of the opri expressed by this system reveals a triacylated lipid moiety mainly composed by palmitic acid residues. by offering ... | 2012 | 22115954 |
| [antigenic diversity of african swine fever viruses]. | data on the seroimmunotypic and hemadsorbing characteristics of african swine fever virus (asf) are summarized. according to the results of immunological sampling in pigs and those of hemagglutination inhibition test, the known asfv strains and isolates were divided into 11 groups, 8 were characterized as seroimmunogroups having their specific reference strains. a 110-140-kd asfv serotype-specific nonstructural major glycoprotein was identified. it is suggested that it is the glycoprotein that c ... | 2011 | 21899069 |
| mechanism of collapse of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae during african swine fever virus infection. | infection of cells with african swine fever virus (asfv) can lead to the formation of zipper-like stacks of structural proteins attached to collapsed endoplasmic reticulum (er) cisternae. we show that the collapse of er cisternae observed during asfv infection is dependent on the viral envelope protein, j13lp. expression of j13lp alone in cells is sufficient to induce collapsed er cisternae. collapse was dependent on a cysteine residue in the n-terminal domain of j13lp exposed to the er lumen. l ... | 2012 | 21951707 |
| small rho gtpases and cholesterol biosynthetic pathway intermediates in african swine fever virus infection. | the integrity of the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway is required for efficient african swine fever virus (asfv) infection. incorporation of prenyl groups into rho gtpases plays a key role in several stages of asfv infection, since both geranylgeranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphates are required at different infection steps. we found that rho gtpase inhibition impaired virus morphogenesis and resulted in an abnormal viral factory size with the accumulation of envelope precursors and immature virions ... | 2011 | 22114329 |
| interferon status and white blood cells during infection with african swine fever virus in vivo. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is the causative agent of african swine fever that is the significant disease of domestic pigs, with high rates of mortality. asfv is double-stranded dna virus whose genes encode some proteins that are implicated in the suppression of host immune response. in this study, we have modeled in vivo infection of asfv for determination of interferon (ifn) status in infected pigs. we measured the level of ifn-α, -β and -γ by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and showed ... | 2011 | 22226551 |
| african swine fever: an epidemiological update. | african swine fever (asf) is one of the most important swine diseases, mainly because of its significant sanitary and socioeconomic consequences. this review gives an update on the epidemiology of the disease and reviews key issues and strategies to improve control of the disease and promote its eradication. several characteristics of asf virus (asfv) make its control and eradication difficult, including the absence of available vaccines, marked virus resistance in infected material and contamin ... | 2012 | 22225967 |