| an sem study of the morphology of the lower respiratory-tract surface of the reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.). | the morphological features of the surface of the lower respiratory tract (trachea, bronchus, bronchiolus, distal airways, and alveoli) from 10 reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.), differing in age and sex, were studied using scanning-electron microscopy. the respiratory surface of the reindeer generally resembles that reported previously in similar studies for other mammalian species. ciliated epithelial cells, goblet cells, microvillous cells, clara cells, alveolar epithelial cells of type ... | 1995 | 8546323 |
| distribution of 210pb at endosteal surfaces of bone from canadian arctic caribou. | alpha particle energy spectra were measured at femoral endosteal surfaces of canadian arctic caribou (rangifer tarandus) to assess the profile of concentration with depth of 210po supported by 210pb. femur samples from five caribou all showed a pronounced superficial concentration of 210po, in a layer 1.9 - 6.4 microns thick. within this layer 210po was concentrated 1.5 - 10 times with respect to diffuse volume-distributed 210po. this result is consistent with an earlier study of 210po at human ... | 1995 | 8551108 |
| plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol, lh and 15-ketodihydro-pgf2 alpha in norwegian semi-domestic reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) during their first reproductive season. | blood samples were collected from eleven 1.5 year old female reindeer three times a week from september 1992 until february 1993 and daily in october and november 1992. blood samples were collected every third hour for a period of three weeks from two females that showed regular oestrous cycles. plasma progesterone, oestradiol, lh and 15-ketodihydro-pgf2 alpha were analysed to characterize variations in ovarian function. reindeer are seasonally polyoestrous. average duration of oestrous cycles w ... | 1995 | 8568776 |
| genetic variation in domestic reindeer and wild caribou in alaska. | reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) were introduced into alaska 100 years ago and have been maintained as semidomestic livestock. they have had contact with wild caribou (r.t.granti) herds, including deliberate crossbreeding and mixing in the wild. reindeer have considerable potential as a domestic animal for meat or velvet antler production, and wild caribou are important to subsistence and sport hunters. our objective was to quantify the genetic relationships of reindeer and caribou in alask ... | 1995 | 8572366 |
| [clinical findings and diagnosis of a severs parapoxvirus epidemic in finnish reindeer]. | during the winter of 1992/93 a parapox epidemic in reindeer occurred in the southern and central areas of finland which killed 400 animals and 2750 animals showed clinical symptoms. at least ten cases of human infections and disease were reported. in addition to the uncertain epidemiology, the diagnosis using conventional methods was difficult and time consuming. based upon published sequence data of the parapoxvirus (ppv) ovis prototype strain nz-2, two different polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 1995 | 8585082 |
| [brucellosis in siberia and the far east]. | epidemiological analysis has indicated that rat and reindeer brucellosis foci are of definite value in siberia and the far east in the liquidation of brucellosis ones. foci of cattle and reindeer have been first established, evidence has been provided for the epidemiological significance of fifth-biological variant b. ovis and b. suis, as well as the ecological confinement of peculiar b. rangiferi cultures to the brucellosis foci in the arctic. to plan antibrucellosis efforts, it is necessary to ... | 1995 | 8587518 |
| ultrastructure of the liver of reindeer calves under different nutritional conditions. | a total of 12 reindeer calves were divided into two groups and the volume densities of liver cytoplasmic structures were counted using tem. the six animals in group 1 were allowed to graze freely while those in group 2 were kept in pens and fed with lichens. all of them had a negative energy balance and lost weight from november to april, group 1 by 14.9% and group 2 by 24.8%. in spite of the weight losses, no significant changes in volume densities occurred during the winter. glycogen remained ... | 1995 | 8588712 |
| the morphology and pathology of besnoitia sp. in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | four of five reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) obtained from a besnoitia sp.- infected herd at the assiniboine park zoo in winnipeg, manitoba, canada, in october 1989, had evidence of mild dermatitis over the articular surfaces of carpal and tarsal joints. cysts of besnoitia sp., either surrounded by inflammatory reactions or without evident host response, were present within the dermis, submucosa of the nasal turbinates, periosteum, tendons, testes and hooves. the light microscopic and hist ... | 1995 | 8592351 |
| application of a competitive elisa for the detection of bluetongue virus antibodies in llamas and wild ruminants. | a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-elisa), using a group-specific monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus (btv), was applied to detect anti-btv antibodies in serum samples from two llamas (llama glama) experimentally infected with btv serotype 10. antibodies were detected in both llamas by 1 wk or 2 wk post-infection. antibodies to btv increased exponentially during the first 4 wk in both llamas and stabilized at an elevated level during the remaining 5-wk-period of the expe ... | 1995 | 8592352 |
| polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis: a simple method for species identification in food. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique was applied to meat species identification in marinated and heat-treated or fermented products and to the differentiation of closely related species. dna was isolated from meat samples by using a dna-binding resin and was subjected to pcr analysis. primers used were complementary to conserved areas of the vertebrate mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene and yielded a 359 base-pair (bp) fragment, including a variable 307 bp region. restriction endonu ... | 1995 | 8664595 |
| the effect of blood sampling on plasma cortisol in female reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l). | | 1995 | 8669387 |
| localization of the telomeric (ttaggg)n sequences in chromosomes of some domestic animals by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis was carried out on metaphase preparations of a variety of domestic animal species, viz. pigs, cattle, sheep, river buffaloes, swamp buffaloes, horses, and reindeers, using a pcr generated human telomere repeat probe (ttaggg)n. three protocols with different hybridization/washing stringencies were applied. distinct double spots representing the telomeric sites were observed on either ends of the chromosomes in all the species studied, confirming that on ... | 1995 | 8675441 |
| countermeasures for radiocesium in animal products in norway after the chernobyl accident--techniques, effectiveness, and costs. | nine years after the reactor accident in chernobyl contamination by radiocesium is still a significant problem in sheep and reindeer production in norway. to reduce the impact of the accident, effective countermeasures had to be developed and implemented. the levels of radiocesium in meat were reduced by a combination of countermeasures such as special feeding, use of cesium binders (bentonite and prussian blue), and changing of slaughtering time. the countermeasures were labor intensive and exp ... | 1996 | 8690577 |
| [the spread of the principal socially important parasitic disease on the territory of the chukot autonomous okrug (chao)]. | the paper provides the examination findings of helminthiases in the population of the town of anadyr, the settlements of kanchalan, krasneno, and in the reindeer-breeding teams of the anadyr district, cad. the children infected with enterobiasis were shown to amount to 15.1 to 22.9%, diphyllobothriasis was detected in 12.9 - 33.7% of the examinees. single cases of ascariasis were revealed. analysis of 232 cases with echinococcosis demonstrates that the infection is prevalent over the whole chuko ... | 1996 | 8700016 |
| protection of balb/c mice against homologous and heterologous species of brucella by rough strain vaccines derived from brucella melitensis and brucella suis biovar 4. | to evaluate stable rough mutants derived from brucella melitensis 16m and b suis 2579 (biovar 4) as vaccines against homologous and heterologous brucella spp in the balb/c mouse model. design, animals, and procedure: rough mutants vtrm1 and vtrs1 were obtained from b melitensis 16m and b suis 2579, respectively, by allelic exchange of rfbu gene encoding mannosyltransferase with a tn5-disrupted rfbu gene. mice were vaccinated with vtrm1 or vtrs1 and challenge exposed 8 weeks later. | 1996 | 8723881 |
| [features of inhibiting butyrylcholinesterase and carboxylesterase hydrolysis with fluoranhydride esters of beta,beta-diphenylethylphosphonic acid]. | a new type of organophosphorus compounds-beta, beta-diphenylethylphosphonic acid fluoroanhydride esters-with various alkyl radicals (ch3, c2h5, c3h7, i-c3h7, c4h9, i-c4h9, c5h11, c6h13) and a phenyl radical (c6h5) have been tested as inhibitors of horse serum butyryl cholinesterase (ec 3.1.1.8) and two forms of reindeer liver carboxyl esterase (ec 3.1.1.1). all the tested compounds are strong irreversible inhibitors of butyryl cholinesterase and strong combined type inhibitors of carboxylesteras ... | 1996 | 8724606 |
| influence of season and diet on liver and kidney content of essential elements and heavy metals in svalbard reindeer. | samples of liver (n = 78) and kidney (n = 60) from svalbard reindeer (rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus vrolik) collected at four different seasons in svalbard were analysed for their content of cd, pb, cu, zn, mn, and se. the study shows that when animals are exposed to large seasonal variations in both the quality and quantity of food, it is crucial to relate element concentrations to the physiological condition of the animal, e.g., to look at seasonal fluctuations in the total element content o ... | 1996 | 8727671 |
| dose-response relationship between smoking and impairment of hearing acuity in workers exposed to noise. | the study included an inquiry and clinical examination of 443 reindeer herders (mean age 43 years) who frequently used noisy tools and vehicles, in particular snowmobiles and chain-saws. age-adjusted hearing thresholds at 3 and 4 khz deteriorated significantly with increased exposure to noise. there was the dose-response relationship between the amount of smoking and the impairment of hearing acuity when exposure time to noise was used as covariance. the amount of smoking was not significant unt ... | 1995 | 8750748 |
| skeletal muscle characteristics of racing reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | samples from the middle gluteal muscle of 3-7-year-old racing reindeer were taken before (7 reindeer) and at the end of the racing season (12 reindeer) for determination of fibre type composition, activities of citrate synthase (cs), 3-hydroxyacyl-coa-dehydrogenase (had) and the glycogen content. muscle samples were also taken from 7 female and 18 male reindeer of same age for histochemical determination of muscle fibre composition. during the racing season the fibre type composition remained un ... | 1996 | 8759149 |
| comparative fish mapping of bovine cosmids to reindeer chromosomes demonstrates conservation of the x-chromosome. | three x chromosome-specific bovine cosmids were used for fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping on reindeer (rangifer tarandus) chromosomes, to test whether such large genomic clones could be used for comparative mapping across distantly related species. all three cosmids showed distinct unique hybridization sites on the reindeer x. comparative map locations of these cosmids, together with the relative c-banding and genome size data on the x chromosomes of the two species, provide preliminar ... | 1996 | 8793206 |
| experimental tick-borne fever infection in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | | 1996 | 8799988 |
| cross-reactive, stage-specific antigens in the oestridae family. | the larval stages of different economically important oestridae species were studied for their antigenicity and cross reactivity, using elisa and immunoblotting. the immune sera of cattle from algeria, belgium, france and switzerland were compared for their capacity to recognize the stage-specific antigens of their specific parasites hypoderma bovis and h lineatum, originating from different populations. this comparison was extended to other hypoderminae species responsible for economic losses i ... | 1996 | 8822621 |
| population distributions of apoe, apoh, and apoa4 polymorphisms and their relationships with quantitative plasma lipid levels among the evenki herders of siberia. | we examined the distributions of seven polymorphic sites in three apolipoprotein genes (apoe, apoa4, and apoh) and their relationships with quantitative lipid levels (total cholesterol, ldl cholesterol, hdl cholesterol, and triglycerides) among the evenki reindeer herders of central siberia. the polymorphism data reveal several distinctive features that differentiate the evenki from white populations: the near absence of the apoe*2 allele, the highest ever recorded frequency of the apoh*3 allele ... | 1996 | 8838914 |
| gastrointestinal nematodes depress food intake in naturally infected reindeer. | models have predicted that directly transmitted macroparasites may influence the abundance of forage plants in herbivore grazing systems by reducing the food intake of their host. evidence of parasite-induced alterations in host food intake is, however, limited mainly to sheep, cattle and laboratory rodents. we estimated the effect of naturally acquired parasite infections on the appetite of reindeer. food intake was significantly lower in infected reindeer compared to animals in which the paras ... | 1996 | 8851861 |
| regional variation in radionuclide concentrations and radiation dose in caribou (rangifer tarandus) in the canadian arctic; 1992-94. | gamma-emitting radionuclides and 210po, an alpha-emitting product of the 238u decay chain, were analysed in tissues from 16 caribou (rangifer tarandus) collections in the canadian north between 1992 and 1994. the study was conducted to determine the regional variability of anthropogenic and natural radionuclides in canadian caribou, and to estimate the background radiation dose to caribou tissues. 137cs, 40k, 210pb and 210po were consistently found in most herds. mean muscle 137cs varied from be ... | 1996 | 8854940 |
| oxygen binding to fallow-deer (dama dama) hemoglobin: stepwise enthalpies at ph 7.4. | high-precision thin-layer gas-solution microcalorimetry has been used to study the oxygen binding properties of fallow-deer (dama dama) hemoglobin under physiological conditions. this method measures directly the enthalpy of macromolecular ligand binding by changing the ligand activity in a manner analogous to that of the gill thin-layer optical apparatus ([1], d. dolman and s. j. gill, anal. biochem., 87 (1978) 127-134). by logarithmically lowering the partial pressure of oxygen we have generat ... | 1996 | 8867331 |
| experimental toxoplasma gondii infection leading to fatal enteritis in reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | two, 50-60-kg yearling reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were inoculated intraruminally with 5,000 (reindeer 1) or 50,000 (reindeer 2) oocysts of the me-49 strain of toxoplasma gondii. both reindeer became ill day 4 postinoculation (p.i.). reindeer 2 died because of acute enteritis day 9 p.i. histologically, extensive necrosis and destruction of the intestinal mucosa were seen. numerous t. gondii organisms were demonstrated immunohistochemically. reindeer 1 was treated with sulfatrimethoprim for 2 da ... | 1996 | 8885901 |
| high serum concentrations of vitamin e and cholesterol and low mortality from ischaemic heart disease in northern finland. | the regional mortality from ischaemic heart disease varies from low to high in northern finland. to clarify the reasons for this 361 men engaged in reindeer herding who lived in the northernmost part of the country, the sámi area, or a neighbouring reference area were investigated. the mortality from ihd in the general population was lower in the sámi area than the reference area. the serum lipid-adjusted vitamin e (alpha tocopherol) and cholesterol showed reverse trends, being higher in the sám ... | 1995 | 8900828 |
| influence of various types of species-specific acoustic signals on the heart rate of mammals. | it has been demonstrated in the experiments on rodents and artiodactyles that significant changes in the heart rate (hr) in response to the presentation to animals of species-specific acoustic signals are manifested only under the conditions of a deficit of pragmatic information. the hr is determined in many respects by the type of signal, by the ecological particularities, and the physiological state of the animal perceiving the signal. in colonial and herd mammals, inhabitants of open spaces, ... | 1996 | 8912333 |
| [2 phases of form development realized during microevolution]. | the general "plan" of animal structure evolves due to the changes both, in body proportions and body size. the method allowing to estimate the level of population differentiation according to these two parameters was considered. in the process of population differentiation two phases of form formation can be discerned. on the first stage of microevolution the morphogenesis mainly proceeds by proportion changes. the next stage is characterised primarily by changes of size. the same phase can be o ... | 1996 | 8967162 |
| chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from persons exposed to radioactive fallout in norway from the chernobyl accident. | chromosome analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from two norwegian populations (44 reindeer herding south samis from røros and snåsa, 12 sheep farmers from valdres) exposed to fallout from the chernobyl accident were made. the doses from caesium through the years 1987-1991 were calculated based on whole-body measurements 134cs and 137cs giving a total cumulative mean internal dose of 5.54 msv for the total group of 56 persons. chromosome aberrations were within the normal range when compared with ... | 1996 | 8980691 |
| dna sequences of rapd fragments in artiodactyls. | a bovine rapd profile, generated by a 10-mer primer, was analysed by sequencing the major fragments. three of four different fragments showed homologies to previously characterized mammalian sequences. one was 61-66% identical to line sequences and another was 78.5% identical to a human chromosome 2 sequence tagged site. the third fragment was 93.1% identical to the human type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor gene. this fragment had counterparts in white-tailed deer and reindeer; fragment ... | 1996 | 8984008 |
| trapping oestrid parasites of reindeer: the response of cephenemyia trompe and hypoderma tarandi to baited traps. | at 340-360 km north of the arctic circle in norway, hypoderma tarandi (l.) and cephenemyia trompe (modeer) females were caught in baited traps from 10 july to 21 august. during three summers, adverse climatic conditions inhibited flight activity of these oestrids on 56-68% of the days. flies were not caught prior to or after these dates, nor at winds above 8 m/s, temperatures below 10 degrees c, light intensities below 20,000 lux, or during periods of rain or snow. co2-baited insect flight traps ... | 1996 | 8994135 |
| trapping oestrid parasites of reindeer: the relative age, fat body content and gonotrophic conditions of cephenemyia trompe and hypoderma tarandi females caught in baited traps. | dissection of flies caught in northern norway revealed that only mated, gravid females of h.tarandi (l.) and larviparous c.trompe (modeer) were caught in host-mimicking co2-baited traps. trapped females had the same gonotrophic and fat body (fb) conditions as females caught on and around reindeer. most trapped females of both species were of middle to old age, having only one-half to no fb reserves left and only a few to moderate numbers of eggs or larvae remaining. most young females trapped al ... | 1996 | 8994136 |
| larvicidal effectiveness of doramectin against natural warble (hypoderma tarandi) and throat bot (cephenemyia trompe) infections in reindeer. | | 1996 | 8994144 |
| pathogenesis of ruminant herpesvirus infections. | ruminants are hosts for members of both alpha- and gamma-herpesvirinae. a wide range of disease syndromes is associated with infections by these agents. the associated diseases reflect the biological nature of the causative viruses. clinically, the symptoms may be mild and localized or include severe generalized disease, leading eventually to death. much knowledge has been gained concerning the pathogenesis of some alpha-herpesviruses. initially, these viruses replicate in epithelial cells at th ... | 1996 | 9010994 |
| estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by the method of esr-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals. | esr-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, european bison, moose), and man. values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, p1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mw for animals and man. a new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total esr spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. 'dose-response' depen ... | 1996 | 9022192 |
| radiocesium body burdens in residents of northern canada from 1963-1990. | measurements of 137cs body burdens in over 1,100 people from five northern canadian communities were carried out with a portable whole body counting system during the winters of 1989 and 1990. these results are compared with over 3,000 similar measurements carried out during 1967-1969. community mean body burdens and body concentrations had decreased by approximately a factor of 30 between the two survey periods. the dependence of body concentrations on the sex and age of the subjects has also c ... | 1997 | 9030845 |
| blood cadmium, game consumption and tobacco smoking in southern ontario anglers and hunters. | | 1997 | 9094805 |
| morphological peculiarities of respiratory compartments of arctic animal lungs. | morphological and ultrastructural peculiarities of interalveolar septa in endemic arctic animals (reindeer, polar fox, lemming) are compared with laboratory animals (rat,dog). | 1997 | 9096789 |
| [the dynamics of the radiation load on reindeer on novaya zemlya]. | the esr analysis was carried out aiming at studying the activity of radionuclides in the dental enamel, dentin, and mandible bone tissues of reindeer of novaya zemlya. doses of absorbed ionizing radiation were assessed. it was determined that the doses obtained by reindeer during underground nuclear tests were ten times higher and the activity of 90sr was greater than those for reindeer living after the nuclear tests were suspended. relatively high values of doses were observed for reindeer livi ... | 1997 | 9102135 |
| repetitive sequence families in alces alces americana. | high-resolution derivative melting was used to obtain detailed distributions of local (g + c) contents in a number of ruminant dnas. profiles over low (g + c) regions [20-36% (g + c)] are congruent for all ruminants. this region represents 45-50% of the nuclear dna content and primarily contains intergenic and intron sequences. the high (g + c) region, where most coding sequences are found [38-68% (g + c)], is marked by satellite bands denoting the presence of transcriptionally inert, tandemly r ... | 1997 | 9115175 |
| trypanosomiasis in woodland caribou of northern alberta. | blood was collected from 49 adult woodland caribou (rangifer tarandus caribou) captured in northern alberta, canada, from october to february, 1991 to 1992 and 1992 to 1993. smears of the buffy coat layer and of whole blood were examined microscopically for trypanosoma sp., and blood was cultured for latent parasites. trypanosomes were present in 41 (84%) of 49 cultures 9 days or older, but none was detected in fresh blood. trypanosomes were pleomorphic, consisting of small oval amastigotes, 2 t ... | 1997 | 9131558 |
| hand-arm vibration and terrain vehicles. | hand-arm vibration was measured on the handlebars of terrain vehicles (n = 36) and a postal inquiry was made among n = 2705 reindeer herders (snowmobile drivers). since many subjects had also used other vibrating tools the snowmobile group proper (n = 334) was established. in the whole group 19% of the subjects reported having experienced white finger attacks and 48% numbness of the hands. the frequency-weighted acceleration of snowmobile vibration was 3.5 m/s2, and risk evaluation using the iso ... | 1995 | 9150990 |
| seasonal levels of reproductive hormones and their relationship to the antler cycle of male and female reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | seasonal levels of lh, fsh, testosterone (t), estradiol, progesterone (p), and prolactin (prl) were determined in the plasma of five adult bulls, and five barren and four pregnant cows of alaskan reindeer (rangifer tarandus), which were sampled every 3 weeks for 54 weeks. the male reproductive axis was sequentially activated; lh peaked in may-june (2 ng/ml), fsh in june (51 ng/ml), and t in september (11.8 ng/ml). lh levels in females reached a maximum in both groups at the end of august (the be ... | 1997 | 9159890 |
| recent fertility and mortality trends among aboriginal and nonaboriginal populations of central siberia. | we examine mortality and fertility patterns of aboriginal (primarily evenki and keto) and russian (i.e., nonaboriginal) populations from the baykit district of central siberia for the period 1982-1994. mortality rates in the aboriginal population of baykit are substantially greater than those observed in the russians and are comparable to levels recently reported for other indigenous siberian groups. infant mortality rates average 48 per 1000 live births among baykit aboriginals, three times gre ... | 1997 | 9164050 |
| high blood cadmium levels are not associated with consumption of traditional food among the inuit of nunavik. | high levels of cadmium in the liver and kidneys of caribous and sea mammals of the canadian arctic have led to recommendations to remove such offal from the traditional diet. blood cadmium levels have been found to be very high in samples of inuit volunteers, hence the hypothesis that the inuit might be exposed to cadmium through their diet. this survey of a population-based random sample of nunavik residents (n = 518) confirms that blood cadmium of inuit is indeed very high by comparison to pub ... | 1997 | 9169057 |
| descriptive epidemiology of captive cervid herds in michigan, usa. | a study was designed to determine the species composition, disease period prevalence, and utilization of preventive practices in captive cervid herds in michigan. this is the first description of cervid farming in the united states. data for the 12 months preceding the study were collected by means of a mail questionnaire conducted from march 3 through june 28, 1993. completed questionnaires were returned by 228 of 362 (63%) farms. study respondents reported ownership of a total of 4972 (80.9%) ... | 1997 | 9208449 |
| polar and non-polar heterocyclic amines in cooked fish and meat products and their corresponding pan residues. | fourteen cooked dishes with their corresponding pan residues were analysed for polar and non-polar heterocyclic amines using hplc. the choice of foods, including beef, pork, poultry, game, fish, egg and sausages, was based on an investigation of an elderly population in stockholm participating in an analytical epidemiological case-control study on cancer risks after intake of heterocyclic amines. the food items were prepared using normal household cooking practices, and to reflect the wide range ... | 1997 | 9225013 |
| characterization of microsatellite loci in caribou rangifer tarandus, and their use in other artiodactyls. | | 1997 | 9226951 |
| cross-infection of moose (alces alces) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) with elaphostrongylus alces and elaphostrongylus rangiferi (nematoda, protostrongylidae): effects on parasite morphology and prepatent period. | moose (alces alces) and reindeer (rangifer tarandus) were experimentally cross-infected with elaphostrongylus rangiferi and elaphostrongylus alces, respectively. both elaphostrongylus species completed their development in the alternate hosts but produced fewer larvae than in their usual host species. reindeer infected with elaphostrongylus alces developed patent infections after 39-130 days. in moose, the prepatent period of this parasite was 39-73 days. elaphostrongylus rangiferi infections we ... | 1997 | 9231986 |
| spatial variation in the vulnerability of norwegian arctic counties to radiocaesium deposition. | under the arctic monitoring and assessment programme (amap), studies have been undertaken to compare potential fluxes of radiocaesium via important food products. the results for three norwegian arctic counties are presented in this paper. the comparative importance of different foodstuffs in contributing to collective dose varies spatially due to differing rates of production and transfer. although reindeer meat is an important contributor to the radiocaesium flux following a nuclear release, o ... | 1997 | 9241885 |
| rangiferine brucellosis on baffin island. | the standard tube agglutination test (stat) and the complement fixation test (cft) were used to assess the seroprevalence of antibodies to brucella spp. in caribou (rangifer tarandus) from three populations on baffin island, canada. during late winter from 1983 to 1986, sera from 17 of 40 north baffin (43%), 11 of 33 northeast baffin (33%) and 12 of 82 south baffin (15%) adult caribou had antibodies in the stat at 1:50 or the cft at 1:5. seroprevalence increased as caribou matured with one (4%) ... | 1997 | 9249700 |
| influence of diet on the occurrence of intraepithelial microabscesses and foreign bodies in the ruminal mucosa of reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus). | the forestomach mucosa was examined for pathological lesions in 12 healthy free-ranging reindeer calves at different seasons, and in 32 reindeer calves fed lichen (n = 3), baled grass silage (n = 24) or pelleted feed (n = 5). no gross lesions were seen. samples for histology were taken from reticulum, omasum and four sites in rumen. in histological sections a total of 182 intraepithelial microabscesses (iemas) and 16 foreign body lesions (fbls) were observed in the ruminal mucosa, while 1 iema w ... | 1997 | 9274144 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori infections in sámi and finnish reindeer herders. | the sámi people in northernmost finland have lower mortality from cardiovascular diseases than the main population of finland. chronic infections caused by chlamydia pneumoniae and helicobacter pylori, both quite recently discovered gram-negative bacteria, have been associated with atherosclerosis. we studied the prevalence of these infections in sámi and finnish men by analysing the c. pneumoniae and h. pylori specific serum igg and iga antibodies using microimmune fluorescence and enzyme linke ... | 1997 | 9332131 |
| reversal of medetomidine-induced sedation in reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) with atipamezole increases the medetomidine concentration in plasma. | the pharmacokinetics of two potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor agents that can be used for immobilization (medetomidine) and reversal (atipamezole) of the sedation in mammals, were studied in three reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) in winter and again in summer. medetomidine (60 micrograms/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.), followed by atipamezole (300 micrograms/kg) intravenously 60 min later. drug concentrations in plasma were measured by hplc. the administration of atipamezole resulted in an ... | 1997 | 9350254 |
| use of feces to estimate isotopic abundance in doubly labeled water studies in reindeer in summer and winter. | the reliance on samples of blood or urine to estimate isotopic abundance in studies of energy metabolism using the doubly labeled water method has restricted application of the technique to animals that are either tame or easy to catch. this is generally not the case with large, free-ranging wild mammals. the use of feces as a source of body water in which to measure the concentration of isotopic markers was investigated in four female reindeer in summer and in winter. (2)h2o and h2(18)o were in ... | 1997 | 9362311 |
| chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection is associated with a serum lipid profile known to be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. | chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with coronary heart disease. to evaluate the mechanisms of this association, we studied whether chronic c. pneumoniae infection affects serum lipid values similarly to acute infections. triglyceride, total and hdl cholesterol concentrations, and c. pneumoniae antibodies were measured from paired serum samples of 415 finnish males taken 3 years apart. chronic infection, defined as persistent igg and iga antibodies, was found in 20%, and the antib ... | 1997 | 9409275 |
| age and microdistribution of 210pb at caribou bone surfaces measured by repeated alpha spectroscopy of 210po. | to measure microdistibution and age of 210pb in canadian caribou bone, and assess the accuracy of icrp biokinetic and dosimetric models for 210pb-supported 210po at bone surfaces. | 1998 | 9464478 |
| hypolactasia in saami subpopulations of russia and finland. | primary hypolactasia is a gene attributed condition of the inability of adult individuals to consume whole milk. subpopulations of the russia (kildin) and finland saami are characterized by a large variability of the lac*r (lactase restriction) gene frequencies (0.50-0.77). the distribution of primary hypolactasia among the saami is ranging from 25% to 60%. the intensive reindeer breeding was developed by the saami only 300-400 years ago. reindeer milk is poor in lactose (2.4%) and is consumed b ... | 1997 | 9468755 |
| further evidence of species variation in mechanisms of epithelial cell loss in mammalian small intestine: ultrastructural studies on the reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and seal (phoca groenlandica). | ultrastructural studies were conducted on mechanisms of epithelial cell loss in the small intestine of seal and reindeer. mechanisms maintaining epithelial integrity were distinguished from those that did not and the non-epithelial cell types involved were identified. three types of cell extrusion were noted. in two, tight junctional integrity was preserved and anucleate apical cell fragments (rather than complete cells) were lost into the lumen. in reindeer (type 1), this involved creating larg ... | 1998 | 9477308 |
| plasma magnesium, calcium and inorganic phosphorus in norwegian semi-domestic female reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus) on winter pastures. | altogether 1645 blood plasma samples were collected from 2 reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l) herds in northern norway (magerøy and sørøy), and from 2 herds in southern norway (filefjell and lom) during the period from 1992 through 1995. except for 2 subsets of samples from lom (n = 51 and 56) all samples were collected on winter pasture between january and early march. the herds were of varying nutritional status, the lom herd being regarded to be among the best in the country in this rega ... | 1997 | 9503672 |
| increase in gamma delta t cells in the ruminal mucosa of reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) induced by baled grass silage. | leukocytes in the forestomach mucosa of reindeer (rangifer tarandus tarandus l.) were investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of cryostat sections, using monoclonal antibodies against antigens on sheep leukocytes. mucosal samples from three free-ranging reindeer calves were compared with samples from three calves fed baled grass silage previously shown to induce increased frequency of lesions in the ruminal epithelium. in both groups, mhc-ii + cells and gamma delta t cells were observed, locat ... | 1997 | 9533277 |
| defining the anatomy of the rangifer tarandus sex chromosomes. | a comprehensive cytogenetic characterization of the unusally large reindeer (rangifer tarandus) sex chromosomes is presented for the purpose of studying the evolution of these atypical gonosomes. sex chromosome idiograms were constructed from g-banded and c-banded chromosomes to illustrate the relative amounts and locations of euchromatin and heterochromatin. hybridization with a mazama gouazoubira x whole-chromosome paint revealed that essentially all reindeer x-linked euchromatin and most rein ... | 1998 | 9567201 |
| population exposure to radioactivity from consumption of caribou among the dene/métis of denendeh (western northwest territories, canada). | there has been long-standing concern with exposure to radioactivity through the consumption of caribou, particularly in indigenous populations in the western northwest territories, canada, who are traditionally high consumers. we conducted a dietary survey in this region in 1994 to estimate population exposure levels. dietary information was collected from 1012 individuals in sixteen communities (1012 days of 24-hour dietary recalls, 1012 food frequency questionnaires) and radionuclide levels in ... | 1998 | 9577747 |
| analysis of nonpolar heterocyclic amines in cooked foods and meat extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. | heat processing of muscle foods gives rise to the formation of mutagenic and carcinogenic heterocyclic amines, often at ng/g levels. a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (gc-ms) technique was introduced for the analysis of nonpolar heterocyclic amines in common cooked meats, pan residues, and meat extracts after solid-phase extraction. the mutagenic heterocyclic amines 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (trp-p-1), 3-amino-1-methyl-5h-pyrido[4,3-b]indole (trp-p-2), 2-amino-9h-pyrido[ ... | 1998 | 9604333 |
| new phylogenetic perspectives on the cervidae (artiodactyla) are provided by the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. | the entire mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) gene was compared for 11 species of the artiodactyl family cervidae, representing all living subfamilies, i.e., the antlered cervinae (cervus elaphus, c. nippon, dama dama), muntiacinae (muntiacus reevesi), and odocoileinae (odocoileus hemionus, mazama sp., capreolus capreolus, c. pygargus, rangifer tarandus, alces alces); and the antlerless hydropotinae (hydropotes inermis). phylogenetic analyses using tragulidae, antilocapridae, giraffidae and bovi ... | 1998 | 9628037 |
| response to long-term enzyme replacement treatment in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. | to study response to long-term enzyme replacement treatment in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi). | 1998 | 9656030 |
| ivermectin treatment did not increase slaughter weight of first-year reindeer calves. | to investigate if antiparasitic treatment of reindeer calves during the summer could increase their carcass weight during the slaughter period in autumn and winter, 529 reindeer calves were allocated to three groups, weighed, and marked with individually numbered plastic ear tags in early july, 1995. one of the groups was left untreated, another was treated with ivermectin injection at 200 micrograms/kg, and the third with pour-on ivermectin at 500 micrograms/kg. following slaughter, carcass wei ... | 1998 | 9658446 |
| risk assessment of cadmium exposure in fort resolution, northwest territories, canada. | the aim of this study is to investigate the cadmium (cd) exposure level from traditional food in fort resolution, northwest territories. we used 24-h dietary recalls and traditional food use frequency to obtain information on traditional food consumption, and analysed cadmium concentrations in traditional food. we also estimated total cadmium intake via market and traditional food, and cigarette smoking. traditional food accounted for only 10% of the dietary energy. about 30 species of wildlife ... | 1998 | 9666890 |
| apolipoprotein a-iv polymorphism in saami and finns: frequency and effect on serum lipid levels. | apolipoprotein a-iv (apoa-iv) is a glycoprotein constituent of triglyceride-rich and high-density lipoproteins (hdl) and may thus play an important role in lipid metabolism. in finland two common isoforms (a-iv-1 and a-iv-2) of apoa-iv have been found. the isoforms are the result of the g to t substitution in the third base of the codon 360 in the apoa-iv-2 allele of the apoa-iv gene. the purpose of the study was to determine the apoa-iv allele frequencies in the saami and the finns, and to rela ... | 1998 | 9667802 |
| [the role of the forestomachs in the adaptation of the alimentary function in ruminants]. | dietary character of ruminants in the north is principally different between "nonselective" (cattle, sheep) and "selective" (reindeer, moose) species. due to the developed polyfunctioning, forestomach in ruminants, primarily rumen and reticulum, are involved in the homeostasis formation in enteral and interior mediums, nutrients deposition and recirculation. that provides efficiency in utilization of deficient in nutrients forage and body reserves of wild ruminants during the winter. the origina ... | 1998 | 9749460 |
| first shots fired in biological warfare. | | 1998 | 9751039 |
| antioxidants, infections and environmental factors in health and disease in northern finland. | recent studies have identified several factors which may affect human health and life expectancy in northern finland. they have shown that antioxidants, infections, genetic or environmental factors may affect the development of and morbidity/mortality from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus and other diseases in the northern provinces of this country. both the occurrence and mortality from coronary heart disease (chd) is low in the northernmost part of the country, i.e. mountain ... | 1998 | 9753878 |
| orthodontic aspects on feeding of young children. 1. a comparison between swedish and norwegian-sami children. | 1-18 months old norwegian-sami girls from karasjok/katokeino were compared with girls from falköping in sweden. all karasjok/kautokeino children were breastfed, usually until 1 year of age. only a few developed a dummy- or fingersucking habit. they started eating porridge at 4-5 months of age. at about half a year of age they were fed dark, hard chewing bread to gnaw at. cut and pulped adult food was introduced during the end of the first year of life. in almost all cases the children had dried ... | 1998 | 9768459 |
| no interspecific covariation in intensities of macroparasites of reindeer, rangifer tarandus (l.). | the macroparasites cephenemyia trompe (modeer) and hypoderma (= oedemagena) tarandi (l.) (diptera: oestridae), linguatula arctica riley, haugerud and nilssen (pentastomida: linguatulidae), elaphostrongylus rangiferi mitskevich (nematoda: protostrongylidae), and abomasal nematodes (nematoda: trichostrongylidae) were sampled in semidomestic reindeer calves (rangifer tarandus (l.)) (ca. 8 months of age) in northern norway in 1988 (n = 160) and 1989 (n = 191). each parasite showed an aggregated (clu ... | 1998 | 9774793 |
| clinical challenge. subcutaneous mass; dermoid cyst. | | 1998 | 9809614 |
| seasonal levels of metabolic hormones and substrates in male and female reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | seasonal levels of cortisol, growth hormone (gh), insulin like growth factor 1 (igf-1), glucose, triiodothyronine (t3), free t3, thyroxine and free fatty acids (ffa) were measured every 3 weeks for 54 weeks in the plasma of five adult bulls, and four barren and five pregnant alaskan reindeer (rangifer tarandus) cows. three consecutive samples were taken from each animal. cortisol levels exhibited wide seasonal variation (9-45 ng/ml) [corrected] without any peak or difference in levels among grou ... | 1998 | 9827045 |
| shoulder joint luxation in large animals: 14 cases (1976-1997). | to determine clinical and radiographic findings in and treatment and outcome of large animals with shoulder joint luxations. | 1998 | 9838963 |
| vegetation composition determines microbial activities in a boreal forest soil. | abstract forest soil ecology was studied in fennoscandinavian dry scots pine forests grazed by reindeer to varying extents (ungrazed, lichen-dominated-sites; grazed sites; and bryophyte-dominated sites). we hypothesized that the productivity parameters of the site (i.e., tree growth and soil nutrient concentrations), the vegetation composition, and the microbial activities are directly correlated. since the productivity of the lichen-dominated ecosystem is low, microbial activities are assumed t ... | 1998 | 9852512 |
| ascorbate in the corneal epithelium of diurnal and nocturnal species. | to compare the amount of ascorbic acid in the corneal epithelium of various species to unveil possible differences between diurnal and nocturnal mammals. | 1998 | 9856789 |
| the hypoglossal nuclear complex in reindeer. | the hypoglossal complex has an ovoid shape and is largest at the level of obex. caudally to the obex is 2/3 of the complex. the complex is divided into 4 groups. sublingual nucleus of roller presents a narrow strip of cells located ventrally to the middle part of hypoglossal nucleus. laterally to obex is the paramedian nucleus of jacobson in the form of short, narrow band. posteriorly to jacobson's nucleus is the intercalated nucleus of staderini. constinuation of the hypoglossal nucleus is the ... | 1998 | 9857567 |
| persistent organic pollutants in maternal blood plasma and breast milk from russian arctic populations. | under the auspices of arctic monitoring and assessment programme (amap), a russian-norwegian co-operation project was established to assess the exposure of delivering women to persistent organic pollutants (pops) in arctic areas of russia. in the period 1993-95 blood and breast milk samples were collected from 94 delivering women in yamal and tajmyr autonomous regions of siberia. concentrations of chlorinated pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) were determined by high resolution gas ... | 1998 | 9857580 |
| microsatellites in reindeer, rangifer tarandus, and their use in other cervids. | | 1998 | 9859205 |
| microsatellite variation in scandinavian cervidae using primers derived from bovidae. | the possibility of using microsatellite primers developed in bovidae to amplify microsatellite markers in cervidae was surveyed by using 75 microsatellite primer sets of bovine, ovine or caprine origin to analyse dna from moose, red deer, reindeer and roe deer from scandinavia. on average for the four cervids, approximately 50% of the ovine/caprine primer pairs amplified a specific pcr product, compared to only 16% of the bovine primers. approximately 50% of both ovine/caprine and bovine primers ... | 1998 | 9868926 |
| polyunsaturated fatty acids in serum lipids of reindeer during the close postnatal period. | we examined serum fatty acid composition in reindeer during the close postnatal period (from < 8 h to 3 weeks) by using maternal serum as a reference point and focusing on the proportions of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) in serum lipids. a striking dissimilarity was found in the serum pufas between the neonatals and their mothers. in particular, the proportions of linoleic acid (18:2) and alpha-linolenic acid in serum cholesteryl esters and phospholipids of the newborn reindeer were signif ... | 1998 | 9871342 |
| polyphyletic origin of the small-bodied, high-arctic subspecies of tundra reindeer (rangifer tarandus). | in order to investigate the origin of the three small-bodied, high-arctic subspecies of reindeer, rangifer tarandus pearyi (the canadian archipelago), r. t. eogroenlandicus (east greenland, extinct since 1900 ad), and r. t. platyrhynchus (svalbard), samples were collected at nine localities from all six of the currently recognized subspecies of the tundra reindeer. a 203-bp-long fragment of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced from 113 reindeer (rangifer tarandus). the now extinct subs ... | 1998 | 9878226 |
| phylogeny of wapiti, red deer, sika deer, and other north american cervids as determined from mitochondrial dna. | red deer (cervus elaphus) are divided into three subspecific groups; the first group includes seven subspecies from europe and northern africa, the second group includes seven subspecies from central asia, and the third group includes nine subspecies from eastern asia, siberia, and north america. recognition of the north american wapiti as a species has been denied on the basis of morphological similarity with red deer and the circumpolar distribution of c. elaphus. sika deer (c. nippon), which ... | 1998 | 9878235 |
| association of helicobacter pylori infection with elevated serum lipids. | helicobacter pylori causes a chronic gastric infection, which has been associated with coronary heart disease. to evaluate the mechanisms of this association, we studied whether the infection affects serum lipid levels as previously shown in acute infections. we analysed the serum samples of 880 males who participated in a reindeer herders' health survey in northern finland in 1989. h. pylori igg and iga antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and triglyceride, total choles ... | 1999 | 9920523 |
| moxidectin as an endectocide in reindeer. | during the winter 1991-92, 42 reindeer hinds of the kaamanen experimental reindeer herd in finnish lapland, naturally infected with various parasites, were allocated to 3 groups. one group was an untreated control group and the other 2 groups received either moxidectin or ivermectin at a dose of 200 micrograms kg-1 subcutaneously. the efficacy of treatment was followed with monthly faecal examinations for nematode eggs and counting of warbles, hypoderma tarandi larvae, and throat bots, cephenemy ... | 1998 | 9926462 |
| microbiological contamination of reindeer carcasses in different reindeer slaughterhouses. | the microbiological contamination of reindeer carcasses was studied in 10 finnish reindeer slaughterhouses. six of the slaughterhouses were field slaughterhouses and four were plant slaughterhouses. in each slaughterhouse 11 to 30 carcasses were sampled, with abdomen, brisket, and foreleg as sampling sites. sampling was performed immediately after slaughter, using a nondestructive swabbing method. the overall mean bacterial count of carcasses was 3.12+/-0.61 log cfu/cm2. the mean bacterial value ... | 1999 | 10030634 |
| evolutionary applications of mirs and sines. | it is believed that short interspersed elements (sines) are irreversibly inserted into genomes. we use this concept to try to deduce the evolution of whales using sequence and hybridization studies. the observation that microsatellites are associated with sines lead us to screen sequences surrounding cetacean microsatellites for artiodactyl-derived sines. two sequences that were thought to be cetacean sines and the bovine sine were aligned for comparison to sequences flanking microsatellites fro ... | 1999 | 10050283 |
| relationships between esr-evaluated doses estimated from enamel and activity of radionuclides in bone and teeth of reindeer. | doses of radiation estimated from esr analysis of tooth enamel were compared with activities of alpha- and beta-emitters in enamel and in bone tissue of mandibles of 77 reindeer from populations with different levels of radiation contamination. contribution of the radionuclides incorporated into bone (or bone-seeking radionuclides in food) to esr-evaluated doses was substantial and the contribution of the radionuclides incorporated into enamel itself proved to be relatively small. | 1999 | 10070715 |
| experimental narthecium ossifragum nephrotoxicity in cervids from norway. | one moose (alces alces), two red deer (cervus elaphus), two reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and two fallow deer (dama dama) were dosed intraruminally with an aqueous extract made from 30 g of bog asphodel (narthecium ossifragum) (wet weight) per kg live weight. the moose and one of the two reindeer were mildly depressed and had reduced appetite 3 to 7 days and 1 to 4 days after dosing, respectively. the serum creatinine and urea concentrations increased markedly in the moose and red deer, and moder ... | 1999 | 10073342 |
| validity of the saliva ferning test for the diagnosis of dry mouth in sjögren's syndrome. | to study the validity of saliva ferning patterns as a diagnostic test for dry mouth in primary or secondary sjogren's syndrome (ss). | 1999 | 10084165 |
| preliminary assessment of nutrients in daily diets of a sample of belcher island inuit adults. | in order to describe daily food patterns and nutrient intakes of adults in the inuit community of sanikiluaq, 48 adults (young and older men and women, 12 per group, randomly selected from all individuals within their age and sex group) provided two 24-hour recalls of food consumption, once each in two seasons (february/march, october/november). the most frequent inuit foods were reindeer, seal, and arctic char, while the most frequent market foods were tea, sugar, and bannock. on average 799 gr ... | 1998 | 10093274 |
| chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies associated with altered serum lipid profile. | chronic chlamydia pneumoniae infection has been associated with atherosclerosis by seroepidemiological studies. further, acute bacterial infections are known to influence lipid metabolism. to clarify the possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this association, we studied serum lipids and the c. pneumoniae igg antibody titers of 1,053 males who participated in the reindeer herders health survey in northern finland in 1986-1989. the mean age of the study group was 47 years (range 20-87). when compari ... | 1998 | 10093301 |
| levels of heavy metals in women residing in the russian arctic. | within the framework of the joint russian-norwegian project on human health assessment of the arctic monitoring and assessment program, a study on heavy metals was conducted in 42 nonindigenous women who delivered in the hospitals of norilsk and salekhard during february-march 1995. samples of venous blood, breast milk, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue were collected. the concentration of lead, cadmium, and nickel in these tissues and fluids was estimated by flameless atomic absorption ... | 1998 | 10093346 |
| [reindeer choice of movement direction in the escape reaction]. | | 1998 | 10096009 |
| [effect of acetazolamide on sodium and potassium absorption from the rumen of the reindeer rangifer tarandus]. | | 1998 | 10188237 |