| spatial mapping of collagen fibril organisation in primate cornea-an x-ray diffraction investigation. | new insights are presented into the collagenous structure of the primate cornea. wide-angle x-ray diffraction was used to map the fibrillar arrangement and distribution of collagen over three common marmoset corneas. the maps provide a point of reference to help interpret data from pathological corneas or primate models of refractive surgery. the results herein disclose a circum-corneal annulus of highly aligned collagen, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, where the cornea and sclera fuse at the limbus; a feature ... | 2004 | 15099577 |
| non-invasive measurement of brain damage in a primate model of multiple sclerosis. | early recognition of whether a product has potential as a new therapy for treating multiple sclerosis (ms) relies upon the quality of the animal models used in the preclinical trials. the promising effects of new treatments in rodent models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) have rarely been reproduced in patients suffering from ms. eae in outbred marmoset monkeys, callithrix jacchus, is a valid new model, and might provide an experimental link between eae in rodent models and hu ... | 2004 | 15102362 |
| biochemical bone turnover markers are useful tools to assess changes in bone metabolism in marmosets. | this study was designed to investigate whether biochemical markers of bone resorption and formation could be determined in the serum and urine of marmosets (callithrix jacchus), using standard laboratory chemistry methods and commercially available human kits. consequently, the findings from this study will indicate whether the techniques and kits could serve as appropriate tools for assessing changes in bone turnover in this species. two groups of animals (n = 12/group), consisting of a compara ... | 2004 | 15108060 |
| apocrine glands in the eyelid of primates contribute to the ocular host defense. | apocrine glands of moll are regular components of primate eyelids. we studied the distribution and localization of these glands in three different primate species, the common marmoset, the rhesus monkey, and the hamadryas baboon. in addition, we tested the primate glands of moll with antibodies against antimicrobial proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and the androgen receptor. the glands of moll differ in abundance and distribution in different monkeys. in the common marmoset, a representative of t ... | 2004 | 15118398 |
| morphological evidence for two types of mammalian vomeronasal system. | the vomeronasal (vn) systems of rodents and opossums are of the segregated type, i.e alpha-subtype g protein gi2- or go-expressing vn neurons, which are sensory cells, project discretely to the rostral or caudal region of the accessory olfactory bulb (aob). although this zone-specific projection is believed to be a common feature for processing pheromones in mammals, we previously found a uniform-type vn system in goat in which only gi2-expressing vn axons terminate at the aob. in most mammals, ... | 2004 | 15150143 |
| localization and synthesis of zona pellucida proteins in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) ovary. | in most species, the zona pellucida (zp), an extracellular matrix surrounding the mammalian oocyte, is composed of three glycoproteins: zpa, zpb and zpc. based mainly on results with mice, the site of zona pellucida biosynthesis has been suggested to be exclusively in the oocyte cytoplasm. however, evidence is accumulating that among various species cumulus/granulosa cells may be involved. because knowledge of zp biosynthesis in primates is lacking, we used the common marmoset (callithrix jacchu ... | 2004 | 15169921 |
| cloning of oestrogen receptor beta from old and new world primates: identification of splice variants and functional analysis. | oestrogens have a major impact on reproductive function in both males and females. two oestrogen receptor genes known as eralpha (esr1nr3a1) and erbeta (esr2nr3a2) have been cloned. splice variant isoforms of the erbeta gene have been identified in human, bovine and rodents and it has been suggested that the existence of these forms can influence oestrogen responsiveness. in the human, splicing of an alternative eighth exon results in the formation of a c-terminal variant called herbetacx, or he ... | 2004 | 15171710 |
| the evolutionary conservation of the human chitotriosidase gene in rodents and primates. | chitinases have been identified in a variety of organisms ranging from prokaryotes to eukaryotes, known to specifically degrade chitin, an abundant polymer of n-acetylglucosamine. recently a human chitinolytic enzyme called chit1 was discovered. chit1 is expressed by activated macrophages and hydrolyzes artificial chitotrioside substrates, but its specific function in humans is unknown, since it is generally believed that man completely lacks endogenous chitin and endogenous substrates for chiti ... | 2004 | 15218258 |
| characterization of the herpesvirus saimiri orf51 protein. | herpesvirus saimiri (hvs) is a gamma(2)-herpesvirus sharing genomic colinearity and a high degree of functional homology with hhv-8. to begin exploring the correlates of hvs infectivity and neutralization, we designed and implemented a new reporter assay. using this assay, we could demonstrate that hvs neutralizing antibodies are present at high levels in naturally infected squirrel monkeys and are strongly induced after pathogenic, experimental infection of common marmosets. further, we demonst ... | 2004 | 15262496 |
| expression in a recombinant murid herpesvirus 4 reveals the in vivo transforming potential of the k1 open reading frame of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. | murid herpesvirus 4 (commonly called mhv-68) is closely related to kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv) and provides an excellent model system for investigating gammaherpesvirus-associated pathogenesis. mhv-76 is a naturally occurring deletion mutant of mhv-68 that lacks 9,538 bp of the left end of the unique portion of the genome encoding nonessential pathogenesis-related genes. the kshv k1 protein has been shown to transform rodent fibroblasts in vitro and common marmoset t lymphocyt ... | 2004 | 15280496 |
| co-expression of calretinin and gamma-aminobutyric acid in neurons of the entorhinal cortex of the common marmoset monkey. | the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba)-containing interneuron population in the entorhinal cortex has been shown to consist of several subpopulations. in addition to gaba, these neurons contain another neurochemical substance, such as a neuropeptide or a calcium binding protein. in the present study, we examined the co-localization of calretinin and gaba in the entorhinal cortex of the common marmoset callithrix jacchus, a new world monkey. although the function of calretinin remains unclear, there ... | 2004 | 15301438 |
| gb virus b infection of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) and associated liver pathology. | gb virus b (gbv-b) is a flavivirus that is related closely to hepatitis c virus (hcv) and induces an acute hepatitis when inoculated into several species of new world primates. common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) are a widely available, non-endangered primate species that is susceptible to gbv-b infection and develops a characteristic acute hepatitis. here, animals were found to be susceptible to serially passaged serum and gbv-b transcripts. hepatic pathology and peripheral viraemia could be ... | 2004 | 15302946 |
| cografting of hamster (phodopus sungorus) and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) testicular tissues into nude mice does not overcome blockade of early spermatogenic differentiation in primate grafts. | the ectopic xenotransplantation of testicular tissues into nude mice is a tool to generate sperm from immature testes. immunodeficient mice as recipients of xenografts offered an appropriate microenvironment for differentiation of testicular tissue from hamsters, goats, pigs, and macaques. one exception is the neotropical primate callithrix jacchus. spermatogenesis in testicular grafts from marmosets does not proceed beyond the spermatogonial stage. the most likely cause for the poor graft devel ... | 2004 | 15317690 |
| experimental schistosomiasis in the common marmoset callithrix jacchus. | in order to evaluate callithrix jacchus as an animal model for mansoni schistosomiasis, a group of 10 male animals were once percutaneously exposed to 250 cercariae of the schistosoma mansoni slm (são lourenço da mata) strain. animals were periodically bled for measuring serum level of enzymes and proteins and for blood cell counting. when comparing pre-infection to post-infection values, a significant increase was found for alkaline phosphatase at 15 to 120 days p.i., differential counts of eos ... | 2004 | 15330061 |
| lateral interactions in the perception of flicker and in the physiology of the lateral geniculate nucleus. | the perception of flicker strength in a center stimulus can be affected by the presence of a surrounding stimulus. we correlated this effect with the interactions between centers and surrounds of the receptive fields (rfs) of neurons in the retino-geniculate pathways. the responses of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (lgn) of two new world monkey species, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), and the owl monkey (aotus azarae) were measured to two spatially non-overlapping sinusoidally ... | 2004 | 15330708 |
| hematopoietic activity of common marmoset cd34 cells isolated by a novel monoclonal antibody ma24. | we focused on a small new world monkey, the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), to establish a nonhuman primate model of the treatment of hematological disorders. in this study, we developed the first monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against marmoset cd34 and tested the in vitro and in vivo hemopoietic activity of cell populations isolated using one of these mabs. | 2004 | 15345286 |
| clonal organization of proliferating spermatogonial stem cells in adult males of two species of non-human primates, macaca mulatta and callithrix jacchus. | the present study examines the existence of clonogenic patterns in the proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells in two species of non-human primates, the marmoset and the rhesus monkey. we developed a novel approach to detect proliferating spermatogonial clones in whole mounts of seminiferous tubules. dual fluorescence labeling of bromodeoxyuridine and acrosin in conjunction with confocal microscopy allows the description of the clonogenic and spatial arrangement of prolife ... | 2005 | 15355878 |
| modelling of multiple sclerosis: lessons learned in a non-human primate. | the many, highly specific, biological therapies for immune-based diseases create a need for valid preclinical animal models. the wide immunological gap between human beings and laboratory mouse or rat models makes many disease models in these species invalid. in this review, we report a non-human-primate model of chronic multiple sclerosis (ms)-experimental autoimmune encephalitis (eae) in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus)-that can help bridge this wide gap. the genetic and immunological ... | 2004 | 15380155 |
| fmri of generalized absence status epilepticus in conscious marmoset monkeys reveals corticothalamic activation. | a nonhuman primate model of generalized absence status epilepticus was developed for use in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri) experiments to elucidate the brain mechanisms underlying this disorder. | 2004 | 15461678 |
| expression of neuron-specific markers by the vomeronasal neuroepithelium in six species of primates. | vomeronasal organ (vno) morphology varies markedly across primate taxa. old world monkeys display no postnatal vno. humans and at least some apes retain a vestigial vno during postnatal life, whereas the strepsirrhines and new world monkeys present a morphologically well-defined vno that, in many species, is presumed to function as an olfactory organ. available microanatomical and behavioral studies suggest that vno function in these species does not precisely duplicate that described in other m ... | 2004 | 15470676 |
| fetal and infant head circumference sexual dimorphism in primates. | studies have shown that after controlling for the effects of body size on brain size, the brains of adult humans, rhesus monkeys, and chimpanzees differ in relative size, where males have a greater volume of cerebral tissue than females. we assess whether head circumference sexual dimorphism is present during early development by evaluating sex differences in relative head circumference in living fetuses and infants within the first year of life. head circumference is used as a proxy for brain s ... | 2005 | 15472898 |
| novel restraint system for neuroendocrine studies of socially living common marmoset monkeys. | we describe a novel soft jacket and sling-harness restraint that permits species-typical postures for small-bodied primates, such as the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), during long-term (>6 h), continuous restraint. the restraint system is straightforward to use and manipulate, it is easily repaired, and the materials used are readily available. the soft jacket allows for increased versatility and longevity, and the sling-harness provides for greater movement and much longer duration of co ... | 2004 | 15479554 |
| serologic survey in a colony of captive common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) after infection with herpes simplex type 1-like virus. | an outbreak of herpesvirus caused the death of four of five common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) in a private colony. gross lesions included acute ulcerative gingivitis, glossitis, and enlarged mandibular lymph nodes. histologically, all fatal cases showed meningoencephalitis and eosinophilia with intranuclear inclusion bodies in neurons and glial cells. a herpes simplex-like virus was cultured from the brain and was identified as herpes simplex type 1 virus or a closely related virus by immuno ... | 2004 | 15526895 |
| energy restriction initiated at different gestational ages has varying effects on maternal weight gain and pregnancy outcome in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | with relatively high fertility and short lifespan, marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) may become useful primate models of prenatal nutritional effects on birth condition and adult disease risk. the present study determined the effects of energy restriction to 75% of expected ad libitum consumption during mid- (day 66) or late (day 99) gestation on maternal weight, fetal growth and pregnancy outcomes in this species. mid-restriction reliably induced the loss of pregnancy before term, at 92 d, ... | 2004 | 15533274 |
| environmental enrichment techniques in non-human primates. the case of callitrichids. | in this paper, we discuss issues concerning the welfare of non-human primates used in laboratory research from an eco-ethological standpoint and suggest means of improving welfare. following a brief review of the use of non-human primates in european countries and of the legislation that governs this use, we illustrate how a thorough eco-ethological knowledge of the species being studied can play a vital role in improving both its conditions and the quality of the experimental protocols, arguing ... | 2004 | 15536268 |
| investigation of marmoset hybrids (cebuella pygmaea x callithrix jacchus) and related callitrichinae (platyrrhini) by cross-species chromosome painting and comparative genomic hybridization. | we report on the cytogenetics of twin offspring from an interspecies cross in marmosets (callitrichinae, platyrrhini), resulting from a pairing between a female common marmoset (callithrix jacchus, 2n = 46) and a male pygmy marmoset (cebuella pygmaea, 2n = 44). we analyzed their karyotypes by multi-directional chromosome painting employing human, saguinus oedipus and lagothrix lagothricha chromosome-specific probes. both hybrid individuals had a karyotype with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = ... | 2005 | 15545729 |
| development of prolactin levels in marmoset males: from adult son to first-time father. | previous studies have found a clear relationship between prolactin (prl) and paternal care in various vertebrate taxa. in new world monkeys, it has been demonstrated in several species that fathers have high prolactin levels even during periods without infant rearing. in this study, we followed the reproductive careers of common marmoset males as they transitioned from being an adult son within their native family to fathering their own offspring for the first time. specifically, we examined the ... | 2004 | 15555510 |
| the carboxyterminal peptide of chorionic gonadotropin facilitates activation of the marmoset lh receptor. | luteinizing hormone (lh) and chorionic gonadotropin (cg) are heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones acting on the luteinizing hormone receptor (lhr). in the lhr, which is genomically encoded by eleven exons, exon 10 encodes for the hinge region and its elimination impairs lh action, while cg maintains normal activity. the two gonadotropins differ in the carboxyterminal peptide (ctp) present in cg but absent in lh. since the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) lhr naturally lacks exon 10 (lhr type ... | 2004 | 15578332 |
| flow cytometric sorting of non-human primate sperm nuclei. | pre-determination of the sex of offspring has implications for management and conservation of captive wildlife species, particularly those with single sex-dominated social structures. our goal is to adapt flow cytometry technology to sort spermatozoa of non-human primate species for use with assisted reproductive technologies. the objectives of this study were to: (i) determine the difference in dna content between x- and y-bearing spermatozoa (ii) sort sperm nuclei into x- and y-enriched sample ... | 2005 | 15589288 |
| experimental norovirus infections in non-human primates. | noroviruses, with norwalk virus as the prototype strain, are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in people of all ages. limited information on the immunology of norovirus infections has been obtained by studies both in the natural setting and in experimentally infected volunteers. interpretation of these studies is difficult due to the lack of information on the history of norovirus exposure and the cross-reactivity of antibodies. an animal model for norovirus infections would be impo ... | 2005 | 15602728 |
| recovery from experimental parkinson's disease in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride treated marmoset with the melatonin analogue ml-23. | a new mechanism has been recently proposed, whereby melatonin may participate in the ongoing process of neuronal degeneration in models of neurodegenerative disorders, such as parkinson's disease (pd). antagonism of the melatonin receptor in rats using constant light or pinealectomy induced recovery and reduced the mortality typically associated with dopamine (da) degeneration. in additional studies, employing ml-23 in the 6-ohda-treated rat, remission from experimental pd was achieved using thi ... | 2004 | 15652376 |
| repeated administration of the monoamine reuptake inhibitor bts 74 398 induces ipsilateral circling in the 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat without sensitizing motor behaviours. | bts 74 398 (1-[1-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)cyclobutyl]-2-(3-diaminethylaminopropylthio)ethanone monocitrate) is a monoamine reuptake inhibitor that reverses motor deficits in mptp-treated (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine) common marmosets without provoking established dyskinesia. however, it is not known whether bts 74 398 primes the basal ganglia for dyskinesia induction. in this study, the ability of bts 74 398 to sensitize 6-hydroxydopamine (6-ohda)-lesioned rats for the production of ... | 2005 | 15654855 |
| diminished maternal responsiveness during pregnancy in multiparous female common marmosets. | common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) live in small groups in which, usually, only a single female breeds and all group members provide infant care. when two females breed concurrently, however, they may commonly kill one another's infants, especially during the peripartum period. to investigate the mechanisms underlying infanticide by breeding females, we characterized responses of multiparous females to infants and determined circulating hormone levels in adult females during early preg ... | 2004 | 15664018 |
| continuous low-level glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor delivery using recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors provides neuroprotection and induces behavioral recovery in a primate model of parkinson's disease. | the therapeutic potential of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf) for parkinson's disease is likely to depend on sustained delivery of the appropriate amount to the target areas. recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (raavs) expressing gdnf may be a suitable delivery system for this purpose. the aim of this study was to define a sustained level of gdnf that does not affect the function of the normal dopamine (da) neurons but does provide anatomical and behavioral protection ag ... | 2005 | 15673656 |
| evidence for altered monoamine activity and emotional and cognitive disturbance in marmoset monkeys exposed to early life stress. | in common marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus, order primates), infants aged 2-28 days were deprived of parental care for 30-120 min/day in order to investigate the long-term effects of this neglect-stress model on affect and cognition in a primate species. basal morning levels of urinary cortisol across the first year of life were unaffected in early deprived marmosets relative to their sibling controls. basal morning levels of urinary dopamine were chronically increased. this peripheral incre ... | 2004 | 15677420 |
| effects of the mglur2/3 agonist ly354740 on computerized tasks of attention and working memory in marmoset monkeys. | ly354740 is a recently developed metabotropic glutamatergic receptor 2 and 3 (mglur2/3) agonist. a high density of mglur2 has been reported in terminal fields of the perforant path in rodents and humans, suggesting its involvement in cognitive functions mediated by the temporal lobe, including memory. a small number of in vivo studies in rodents have assessed the effects of ly354740 on memory tasks, reporting the induction of impaired memory for spatial orientation in a water maze task and for d ... | 2005 | 15678362 |
| resolving the organization of the new world monkey third visual complex: the dorsal extrastriate cortex of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | we tested current hypotheses on the functional organization of the third visual complex, a particularly controversial region of the primate extrastriate cortex. in anatomical experiments, injections of retrograde tracers were placed in the dorsal cortex immediately rostral to the second visual area (v2) of new world monkeys (callithrix jacchus), revealing the topography of interconnections between the "third tier" cortex and the primary visual area (v1). the data indicate the presence of a dorso ... | 2005 | 15678474 |
| septicemia and peritonitis in a colony of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) secondary to klebsiella pneumoniae infection. | six common marmosets from a colony of 50 died over a period of 3 weeks, with the predominant finding of gram-negative bacterial septicemia. four of these animals died peracutely; the other two were found when they were moribund, and they subsequently died despite clinical intervention. gram-negative bacterial rods were present in the blood vessels of stained tissues from five of the six marmosets. three marmosets also had severe fibrinopurulent peritonitis. in addition, one of the marmosets with ... | 2005 | 15697197 |
| experimental leptospirosis in marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus): a new model for studies of severe pulmonary leptospirosis. | experimental infection of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus) with leptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni showed microscopic patterns of tissue reactions comparable to those seen in the severe forms of human leptospirosis, including intra-alveolar hemorrhage. the most impressive microscopic changes were seen in the lung and kidney of animals killed at days 6 and 12 after inoculation. there were extensive and irregular areas of hemorrhage predominating around main bronchial branches or diff ... | 2005 | 15728860 |
| severe t-cell depletion from the pals leads to altered spleen composition in common marmosets with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). | recent data suggest that the spleen is a crucial component of the immune system in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) in marmoset monkeys. using immunohistochemistry, we investigated changes in the distribution of leukocytes in the spleen associated with clinical symptoms of eae. animals without eae displayed well-developed t- and b-cell areas, germinal centers and red pulp. in contrast, a marked depletion of periarteriolar t cells with preservation of other eleme ... | 2005 | 15748941 |
| plasticity in primary auditory cortex of monkeys with altered vocal production. | response properties of primary auditory cortical neurons in the adult common marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) were modified by extensive exposure to altered vocalizations that were self-generated and rehearsed frequently. a laryngeal apparatus modification procedure permanently lowered the frequency content of the native twitter call, a complex communication vocalization consisting of a series of frequency modulation (fm) sweeps. monkeys vocalized shortly after this procedure and maintained ... | 2005 | 15758157 |
| transplantation of human neural stem cells for spinal cord injury in primates. | recent studies have shown that delayed transplantation of neural stem/progenitor cells (nspcs) into the injured spinal cord can promote functional recovery in adult rats. preclinical studies using nonhuman primates, however, are necessary before nspcs can be used in clinical trials to treat human patients with spinal cord injury (sci). cervical contusion scis were induced in 10 adult common marmosets using a stereotaxic device. nine days after injury, in vitro-expanded human nspcs were transplan ... | 2005 | 15772979 |
| a modified mptp treatment regime produces reproducible partial nigrostriatal lesions in common marmosets. | standard mptp treatment regimens in primates result in > 85% destruction of nigral dopaminergic neurons and the onset of marked motor deficits that respond to known symptomatic treatments for parkinson's disease (pd). the extent of nigral degeneration reflects the late stages of pd rather than events occurring at its onset. we report on a modified mptp treatment regimen that causes nigral dopaminergic degeneration in common marmosets equivalent to that occurring at the time of initiation of moto ... | 2005 | 15787691 |
| ejaculates from the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) contain semenogelin and beta-microseminoprotein but not prostate-specific antigen. | human seminal plasma contains high concentrations of prostatic acid phosphatase (pap), prostate-specific antigen (psa), beta-microseminoprotein (msp), semenogelin i (sgi), and semenogelin ii (sgii), whereas only pap and msp are present in rodents. in order to gain a better understanding of the evolution and function of semen proteins, we have studied ejaculates from the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus)-a new world monkey. semen samples were analyzed with sds-page, western blotting, and isoel ... | 2005 | 15791587 |
| species differences in the metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) in several organs of mice, rats, and marmosets. | to clarify species differences in the metabolism of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (dehp) we measured the activity of four dehp-metabolizing enzymes (lipase, udp-glucuronyltransferase (ugt), alcohol dehydrogenase (adh), and aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh)) in several organs (the liver, lungs, kidneys, and small intestine) of mice (cd-1), rats (sprague-dawley), and marmosets (callithrix jacchus). lipase activity, measured by the rate of formation of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (mehp) from dehp, differ ... | 2004 | 15798888 |
| postnatal ontogeny of hippocampal expression of the mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in the common marmoset monkey. | the mineralocorticoid receptor (mr) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) are nuclear transcription factors that mediate many of the basal and stress functions and effects of the corticosteroid hormones, including those related to brain development. despite this, relatively little is known about the postnatal ontogeny of mr and gr gene and protein expression in the central nervous system, and this is particularly true of the primates, including humans. here we describe the postnatal ontogeny of centr ... | 2005 | 15845080 |
| functional response properties of neurons in the dorsomedial visual area of new world monkeys (callithrix jacchus). | the dorsomedial visual area (dm), a subdivision of extrastriate cortex located near the dorsal midline, is characterized by heavy myelination and a relative emphasis on peripheral vision. to date, dm remains the least understood of the three primary targets of projections from the striate cortex (v1) in new world monkeys. here, we characterize the responses of dm neurons in anaesthetized marmosets to drifting sine wave gratings. most (82.4%) cells showed bidirectional sensitivity, with only 6.9% ... | 2006 | 15858163 |
| treatment with chimeric anti-human cd40 antibody suppresses mri-detectable inflammation and enlargement of pre-existing brain lesions in common marmosets affected by mog-induced eae. | common marmosets, a neotropical monkey species, are protected against clinical and neuropathological consequences of experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) by prophylactic treatment with ch5d12, a humanized antagonist antibody against human cd40. in the current study we have tested whether ch5d12 acts therapeutically against the enlargement and inflammatory activity of existing (brain) white matter lesions using serial magnetic resonance imaging (mri). the results show in all ... | 2005 | 15885306 |
| proteasomal activity in brain differs between species and brain regions and changes with age. | age-related increase in protein oxidation in brain coupled to an impairment of proteasomal activity may underline neuronal loss but differences in susceptibility between species and brain regions remain unexplained. we now investigate differences in proteasomal activity, measured as chymotrypsin-, trypsin- and peptidylglutamyl-like hydrolysing activities between brain regions in rats, mice and common marmosets. in aged rats and mice, proteasomal activity was decreased in the cortex, striatum, ce ... | 2005 | 15888331 |
| sustained firing in auditory cortex evoked by preferred stimuli. | it has been well documented that neurons in the auditory cortex of anaesthetized animals generally display transient responses to acoustic stimulation, and typically respond to a brief stimulus with one or fewer action potentials. the number of action potentials evoked by each stimulus usually does not increase with increasing stimulus duration. such observations have long puzzled researchers across disciplines and raised serious questions regarding the role of the auditory cortex in encoding on ... | 2005 | 15902257 |
| functional organization and hemispheric comparison of primary auditory cortex in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | hemispheric fine-grain maps of primary auditory cortex (ai) were derived from microelectrode penetrations in the temporal gyrus of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) to 1) compare the functional organization of ai in the marmoset with other mammalian species and 2) compare the right and left ai maps in individual monkeys. frequency receptive fields (frfs) were recorded with pure tones. five frf parameters were analyzed: characteristic frequency, threshold, sharpness of tuning 10 db and 40 ... | 2005 | 15906314 |
| the response to visual form deprivation differs with age in marmosets. | to characterize the effects of visual form deprivation by diffuser in marmoset monkey eyes across a range of ages. | 2005 | 15914598 |
| localization of glycine receptor alpha subunits on bipolar and amacrine cells in primate retina. | the major inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine is used by about half of the amacrine cells in the retina. amacrine cells provide synaptic output to bipolar, ganglion, and other amacrine cells. the present study investigated whether different bipolar and amacrine cell types in the primate retina differ with respect to the expression of glycine receptor (glyr) subtypes. antibodies specific for the alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 subunits of the glyr were combined with immunohistochemical markers for bip ... | 2005 | 15924342 |
| extra-hepatic vitamin a concentrations in captive rhesus (macaca mulatta) and marmoset (callithrix jacchus) monkeys fed excess vitamin a. | recent work examining vitamin a (va) status of rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) used as models for human biomedical research has revealed subtoxic hepatic va concentrations. livers of marmoset monkeys (callithrix jacchus), another experimental animal, were also high in va as was serum retinyl ester concentration. both species consumed common research diets that provided up to four times the amount of va (retinyl acetate) as currently recommended by the national research council. to further define ... | 2005 | 15929633 |
| poly(adp-ribose) polymerase-1 activation in a primate model of multiple sclerosis. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is an immune-mediated disabling neurological disorder involving inflammation, demyelination, axonal damage, and neurodegeneration. poly(adp-ribose)polymerase-1 (parp-1), a nuclear enzyme linked to dna repair, has been shown to regulate the cellular inflammatory response through interactions with nuclear factor-kappab. extensive parp-1 activation can, by separate mechanisms, also cause cell death. parp-1 activation in brain occurs in several settings associated with oxidat ... | 2005 | 15931673 |
| identification of helicobacter sp. in gastric mucosa from captive marmosets (callithrix sp.; callitrichidae, primates). | the aim of this study was to identify the presence of helicobacter sp. in the gastric mucosa of captive marmosets (callithrix sp.). histologic specimens from the fundic, corpus, and antral gastric regions of six callithrix jacchus, 12 c. kuhli, and 12 c. geoffroyi specimens were evaluated. the sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (h&e) and the warthin-starry silver impregnation method, and immunostained with rabbit anti-h. pylori polyclonal antibody. helicobacter-like organisms (hlos) an ... | 2005 | 15940705 |
| micronucleated erythrocyte frequencies in old and new world primates: measurement of micronucleated erythrocyte frequencies in peripheral blood of callithrix jacchus as a model for evaluating genotoxicity in primates. | nonhuman primates are of particular relevance in evaluating the potential toxicity of drugs and environmental agents. we have used previously published information and data from the present study to establish a relationship for new world (nw) and old world (ow) primates on the basis of the frequency of spontaneous micronucleated erythrocytes (mnes) observed in peripheral blood. data on spontaneous mnes in peripheral blood from 15 species of primates, including humans, indicate that nw primates h ... | 2005 | 15971258 |
| molecular evolution of prolactin in primates. | pituitary prolactin, like growth hormone (gh) and several other protein hormones, shows an episodic pattern of molecular evolution in which sustained bursts of rapid change contrast with long periods of slow evolution. a period of rapid change occurred in the evolution of prolactin in primates, leading to marked sequence differences between human prolactin and that of nonprimate mammals. we have defined this burst more precisely by sequencing the coding regions of prolactin genes for a prosimian ... | 2005 | 15983870 |
| secondary pneumatization of the maxillary sinus in callitrichid primates: insights from immunohistochemistry and bone cell distribution. | the paranasal sinuses remain elusive both in terms of function and in the proximate mechanism of their development. the present study sought to describe the maxillary sinuses (mss) in three species of callitrichid primates at birth, a time when secondary pneumatization occurs rapidly in humans. the mss were examined in serially sectioned and stained slides from the heads of two callithrix jacchus, one leontopithecus rosalia, and two saguinus geoffroyi. specimens were examined microscopically reg ... | 2005 | 15983987 |
| reduced prevalence of epstein-barr virus-related lymphocryptovirus infection in sera from a new world primate. | the recent discovery of an epstein-barr virus (ebv)-related lymphocryptovirus (lcv) naturally infecting common marmosets demonstrated that gamma-1 herpesviruses are not limited to human and old world nonhuman primate hosts. we developed serologic assays to detect serum antibodies against lytic- and latent-infection marmoset lcv antigens in order to perform the first seroepidemiologic study of lcv infection in new world primates. in three different domestic colonies and in animals recently captur ... | 2005 | 16014968 |
| non-human primate models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: variations on a theme. | despite years of intensive research into multiple sclerosis (ms) scientists have not yet succeeded in developing an absolute therapy for the treatment of this disabling disease of the human central nervous system. the wide immunological gap between inbred rodent strains and the heterogeneous human population is probably the single most important factor that hampers the translation of scientific principles developed in rodents into effective therapies for ms. because of the closer immunological p ... | 2005 | 16023737 |
| immunoautoradiographic analysis of nmda receptor subunits and associated postsynaptic density proteins in the brain of dyskinetic mptp-treated common marmosets. | l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (l-dopa)-induced dyskinesia in parkinson's disease may result from aberrant glutamatergic stimulation of the striatum due to synaptic plasticity in the motor cortex or striatum as a consequence of adaptation of striatal output pathways. this might result from changes in nmda receptor subunit or nmda receptor associated postsynaptic density (psd) scaffold protein expression. using immunoautoradiography the expression levels of nr1 and nr2b subunits of the ... | 2005 | 16026462 |
| s-cones do not contribute to the off-midget pathway in the retina of the marmoset, callithrix jacchus. | it is well established that in primate retina both medium- and long-wavelength-sensitive cone types provide input to the midget-parvocellular pathway. the question, however, whether short-wavelength-sensitive (s or 'blue') cones provide input to the off-division of the midget-parvocellular pathway is still controversial. in the present study, we investigated the connections of nearly 400 s-cones with off-midget bipolar cells in central and peripheral retina of a new world monkey, the marmoset. h ... | 2005 | 16045497 |
| pneumonitis and multi-organ system disease in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) is a significant emerging infectious disease. humans infected with the etiological agent, sars-associated coronavirus (sars-cov), primarily present with pneumonitis but may also develop hepatic, gastrointestinal, and renal pathology. we inoculated common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) with the objective of developing a small nonhuman primate model of sars. two groups of c. jacchus were inoculated intratracheally with cell culture supernatant containing sa ... | 2005 | 16049331 |
| transcutaneous ultrasonography of the abdomen in the normal common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | ultrasonographic examinations were performed on 17 clinically healthy adult common marmosets to gain information about the normal abdominal echoanatomy. the marmosets were 1.5-9 years of age and weighed between 328 and 506g. marked species-specific differences compared with the cat or dog were noted. good images of the kidneys, bladder, spleen, adrenal glands, liver, and the gastrointestinal tract could be obtained. the pancreas, caecum, and abdominal lymph nodes were not seen. the spleen was th ... | 2005 | 16050285 |
| establishment of novel embryonic stem cell lines derived from the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the successful establishment of human embryonic stem cell (hesc) lines has inaugurated a new era in regenerative medicine by facilitating the transplantation of differentiated escs to specific organs. however, problems with the safety and efficacy of hesc therapy in vivo remain to be resolved. preclinical studies using animal model systems, including nonhuman primates, are essential to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hesc therapies. previously, we demonstrated that common marmosets are suita ... | 2005 | 16109758 |
| sensory-motor interactions modulate a primate vocal behavior: antiphonal calling in common marmosets. | a fundamental issue in neuroscience pertains to how different cortical systems interact to generate behavior. one of the most direct ways to address this issue is to investigate how sensory information is encoded and used to produce a motor response. antiphonal calling is a natural vocal behavior that involves individuals producing their species-specific long distance vocalization in response to hearing the same call and engages both the auditory and motor systems, as well as the cognitive neura ... | 2006 | 16133500 |
| meiotic abnormalities in in vitro-matured marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) oocytes: development of a non-human primate model to investigate causal factors. | meiotic abnormalities are thought to be a major causal factor of low embryo development rates, for embryos developed from in vitro-matured oocytes. a new non-human primate model, in the common marmoset, is being developed to facilitate investigation of the mechanisms involved. | 2006 | 16143640 |
| cross-reactivity of anti-human chemokine receptor and anti-tnf family antibodies with common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) leukocytes. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a new world primate species frequently employed for immunological models of human disease. we used flow cytometry to screen a panel of new anti-human antibodies from the hlda8 workshop to establish cross-reactivity with marmoset peripheral blood mononuclear cells. seventy-seven antibodies were screened of which nine antibodies showed binding. cross-reactivity of anti-human monoclonal antibodies with cc and cxc chemokine receptors ccr3, ccr6, ccr7, and ... | 2005 | 16165115 |
| a long-term study of the effects of diazinon on sleep, the electrocorticogram and cognitive behaviour in common marmosets. | the long-term sequelae of exposure to low doses of organophosphate compounds are ill defined, with effects variously reported on a range of indices of central nervous system functions such as sleep, cognitive performance and electroencephalogram (eeg). these indices were examined in common marmosets exposed to a range of doses of the organophosphorous sheep dip, diazinon. cognitive performance was assessed by means of elements from the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (cantab) ... | 2005 | 16166182 |
| a continuous smooth map of space in the primary visual cortex of the common marmoset. | we examined the fine-scale mapping of the visual world within the primary visual cortex of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus) using differential optical imaging. we stimulated two sets of complementary stripe-like locations in turn, subtracting them to generate the cortical representations of continuous bands of visual space. rotating this stimulus configuration makes it possible to map different spatial axes within the primary visual cortex. in a similar manner, shifting the stimulated lo ... | 2005 | 16178151 |
| gonadotropin-releasing hormone ii stimulates female sexual behavior in marmoset monkeys. | gnrh ii (pglu-his-trp-ser-try-gly-leu-arg-pro-glynh2), an evolutionarily conserved member of the gnrh family, stimulates reproductive behavior in a number of vertebrates. to explore a role for gnrh ii in regulating primate sexual behavior, eight adult female common marmosets, each fitted with an indwelling intracerebroventricular (icv) cannula, were ovariectomized, implanted subcutaneously with empty (n = 4) or estradiol-filled (n = 4) silastic brand capsules, and pair housed with an adult male ... | 2006 | 16179411 |
| mossy cells and different subpopulations of pyramidal neurons are immunoreactive for cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide in the hippocampal formation of non-human primates and tree shrew (tupaia belangeri). | cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide mrna was discovered in the rat striatum following cocaine and amphetamine administration. since both psychostimulants elicit memory-related effects, localization of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide in the hippocampal formation may have functional importance. previous studies demonstrated different cellular localizations of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide in humans and in rodents. mossy cells were coc ... | 2005 | 16181735 |
| gnrh-ii receptor-like antigenicity in human placenta and in cancers of the human reproductive organs. | we have recently demonstrated that the antiproliferative activity of gnrh-ii on human endometrial and ovarian cancer cell lines is not mediated through the gnrh-i receptor. a functional receptor for human gnrh-ii has not yet been identified. in this study, we have generated a polyclonal antiserum to the putative human gnrh-ii receptor using a peptide (ysptmltevppc) corresponding to the third extracellular domain coupled to keyhole limpet haemocyanin via the cys residue. a database search showed ... | 2005 | 16189182 |
| virtual vocalization stimuli for investigating neural representations of species-specific vocalizations. | most studies investigating neural representations of species-specific vocalizations in non-human primates and other species have involved studying neural responses to vocalization tokens. one limitation of such approaches is the difficulty in determining which acoustical features of vocalizations evoke neural responses. traditionally used filtering techniques are often inadequate in manipulating features of complex vocalizations. furthermore, the use of vocalization tokens cannot fully account f ... | 2006 | 16207780 |
| mosaic properties of midget and parasol ganglion cells in the marmoset retina. | we measured mosaic properties of midget and parasol ganglion cells in the retina of a new world monkey, the common marmoset callithrix jacchus . we addressed the functional specialization of these populations for color and spatial vision, by comparing the mosaic of ganglion cells in dichromatic ("red-green color blind") and trichromatic marmosets. ganglion cells were labelled by photolytic amplification of retrograde marker ("photofilling") following injections into the lateral geniculate nucleu ... | 2005 | 16212698 |
| optical imaging of functional organization of v1 and v2 in marmoset visual cortex. | using optical imaging of intrinsic cortical signals, we examined the functional organization of visual cortical areas v1 and v2 of the marmoset (callithrix jacchus). previous studies have reported that adult marmosets do not have ocular dominance columns (odcs); however, recent studies have called this into question. using optical imaging methods, we examined whether odcs could be detected in adult marmosets. we found evidence for functional odcs in some marmosets but not in others. the activati ... | 2005 | 16235264 |
| will travel for food: spatial discounting in two new world monkeys. | nonhuman animals steeply discount the future, showing a preference for small, immediate over large, delayed rewards. currently unclear is whether discounting functions depend on context. here, we examine the effects of spatial context on discounting in cotton-top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), species known to differ in temporal discounting. we presented subjects with a choice between small, nearby rewards and large, distant rewards. tamarins traveled fart ... | 2005 | 16243033 |
| the common marmoset monkey as a model for implantation and early pregnancy research. | this chapter describes methods used to investigate implantation in the common marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus. a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-strategy with which to detect transcripts for steroid receptors and enzymes involved in estradiol biosynthesis is described, and an immunohistochemistry approach for detecting proteins within the implantation site is presented. | 2006 | 16251739 |
| a modified technique for high-resolution staining of myelin. | this report describes a new modification of the gallyas method for staining myelin in fixed brain tissue and compares results of multiple myelin-visualizing techniques in normal common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), normal macaque monkey (macaca mulatta), and a human with multiple sclerosis. the new modification involves immersion in 10% formalin following impregnation in ammoniacal silver nitrate, and the use of a low concentration of 4% paraformaldehyde in the developer. this improved techniqu ... | 2006 | 16310256 |
| synaptic connectivity in the midget-parvocellular pathway of primate central retina. | the synaptic connectivity of off midget bipolar cells was investigated in the central retina of two primate species, the new world common marmoset monkey, callithrix jacchus, and the old world macaque monkey, macaca fascicularis. in marmosets, dichromatic and trichromatic animals were compared. bipolar output synapses were identified with antibodies against ribbon proteins (kinesin, c-terminal binding protein 2) or with an antiserum that recognizes postsynaptic glutamate receptor clusters (glur4 ... | 2006 | 16320234 |
| marmoset monkey models of parkinson's disease: which model, when and why? | parkinson's disease (pd) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease, with clinical features of tremor, muscular rigidity and akinesia, occurring as a result of midbrain dopamine loss. the search for treatments has relied heavily on animal models of the disorder. the use of monkey models of pd plays a distinct role in the development and assessment of novel treatments. the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) is a popular new world monkey used in the search for new treatments. these monkeys are ... | 2005 | 16325013 |
| meiosis in autologous ectopic transplants of immature testicular tissue grafted to callithrix jacchus. | grafting of immature testicular tissue provides a tool to examine testicular development and may offer a perspective for preservation of fertility in prepubertal patients. successful xenografting in mice, resulting in mature spermatids, has been performed in several species but has failed with testicular tissues from the common marmoset, callithrix jacchus. previous data indicate that the hormonal milieu provided by the mouse host might cause this failure. we conducted autologous ectopic transpl ... | 2006 | 16371588 |
| monitoring of eae onset and progression in the common marmoset monkey by sequential high-resolution 3d mri. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) induced by myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) in common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) is a model for multiple sclerosis. here, eae was induced in four common marmosets by 250-300 microg recombinant rat mog. in addition to a detailed disability scoring, t2- and t1-weighted high-resolution 3d mri was performed to assess the onset and development of cerebral lesions. the findings were confirmed by histopathology in all animals. although the an ... | 2006 | 16408325 |
| pattern of maternal serum corticotropin-releasing hormone concentration during pregnancy in the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), a potent neuropeptide, is produced by the placenta of anthropoid primates. no other mammals, including prosimian primates, are known to produce placental crh. in humans, placental crh appears to play an important role in the progression of pregnancy to parturition. maternal circulating crh begins to rise early in pregnancy and increases until parturition. gorillas and chimpanzees share this pattern of increasing maternal crh during pregnancy with humans. in ... | 2006 | 16429419 |
| the ductus venosus and intrahepatic venous system in callithrix jacchus jacchus and macaca fascicularis fetuses. | the ductus venosus (dv) and the intrahepatic branches of the portal vein are arranged as parallel vessels. blood shunting through the dv ensures fetal survival during periods of stress. the availability of a suitable animal model with similar structure and function to the human fetus would greatly improve the understanding of dv function. the anatomical and histological structure of the dv has not been thoroughly investigated in non-human primate species. | 2006 | 16430491 |
| a new mark test for mirror self-recognition in non-human primates. | for 30 years gallup's (science 167:86-87, 1970) mark test, which consists of confronting a mirror-experienced test animal with its own previously altered mirror image, usually a color mark on forehead, eyebrow or ear, has delivered valuable results about the distribution of visual self-recognition in non-human primates. chimpanzees, bonobos, orangutans and, less frequently, gorillas can learn to correctly understand the reflection of their body in a mirror. however, the standard version of the m ... | 2006 | 16432640 |
| cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of the dorsolateral frontal cortex of the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), and their projections to dorsal visual areas. | we describe the organization of the dorsolateral frontal areas in marmoset monkeys using a combination of architectural methods (nissl, cytochrome oxidase, and myelin stains) and injections of fluorescent tracers in extrastriate areas (the second visual area [v2], the dorsomedial and dorsoanterior areas [dm, da], the middle temporal area and middle temporal crescent [mt, mtc], and the posterior parietal cortex [area 7]). cytoarchitectural field 8 comprises three subdivisions: 8av, 8ad, and 8b. t ... | 2006 | 16435289 |
| pramipexole protects against mptp toxicity in non-human primates. | the neurotoxin mptp induces nigral dopaminergic cell death in primates and produces a partial model of parkinson's disease (pd). pramipexole is a d2/d3 dopamine receptor agonist used in the symptomatic treatment of pd, and which also protects neuronal cells against dopaminergic toxins in vitro. we now demonstrate that pramipexole partially prevents mptp toxicity in vivo in a primate species. common marmosets were repeatedly treated with pramipexole either before, coincidentally with, or after lo ... | 2006 | 16464239 |
| synthesis and evaluation of radioiodinated (s,s)-2-(alpha-(2-iodophenoxy)benzyl)morpholine for imaging brain norepinephrine transporter. | abnormality of the brain norepinephrine transporter (net) has been reported in several psychiatric and neuronal disorders. since net is an important target for the diagnosis of these diseases, the development of radiopharmaceuticals for imaging of brain net has been eagerly awaited. in this study, we synthesized (s,s)-2-(alpha-(2-iodophenoxy)benzyl)morpholine [(s,s)-ipbm], a derivative of reboxetine iodinated at position 2 of the phenoxy ring, and evaluated its potential as a radiopharmaceutical ... | 2006 | 16523308 |
| quantification of three-dimensional exploration in the cylinder test by the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus). | the increasing trend in use of marmoset monkeys in behavioral studies has necessitated a greater understanding of their natural behavior, especially within confined spatial environments. one way to approach this issue is to examine locomotor and exploratory strategies using the cylinder test, as done recently for the rat by gharbawie et al. [gharbawie oa, whishaw pa, whishaw iq. the topography of three-dimensional exploration: a new quantification of vertical and horizontal exploration, postural ... | 2006 | 16530859 |
| [minamata disease: a neuropathological viewpoint]. | minamata disease (methylmercury poisoning) was first officially discovered around minamata bay in the kumamoto prefecture on may 1st, 1956. this year, a commemoration marking fifty years since this discovery of minamata disease will be held in minamata city. over the years, new facts have gradually surfaced, especially after 1995, with the resolution of the political problems surrounding minamata disease. for example, it was recently reported that large amounts of methylmercury were generated by ... | 2006 | 16532696 |
| reactivation by exon shuffling of a conserved hla-dr3-like pseudogene segment in a new world primate species. | the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus), a new world monkey species with a limited mhc class ii repertoire, is highly susceptible to certain bacterial infections. genomic analysis of exon 2 sequences documented the existence of only one drb region configuration harboring three loci. two of these loci display moderate levels of allelic polymorphism, whereas the -drb*w12 gene appears to be monomorphic. this study shows that only the caja-drb*w16 and -drb*w12 loci produce functional transcripts. t ... | 2006 | 16581907 |
| induction of endometriosis in the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus). | endometriosis is an estrogen-dependent gynaecological disease associated with pain and infertility, which occurs in humans and menstruating primates. in this study, the marmoset monkey (callithrix jacchus), which is a non-menstruating primate with high circulating estrogen levels, was used to test firstly the hypothesis that endometriosis is based on uterine shedding into the peritoneal cavity, secondly to study the pathogenesis of endometriosis due to its estrogenic situation. female marmoset m ... | 2006 | 16608906 |
| background pathology of the common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) in toxicological studies. | two hundred common marmosets (callithrix jacchus) from control groups (100 males, 100 females) of toxicological studies were examined histopathologically to evaluate the spectrum of spontaneous lesions in this species. frequent findings were extramedullary hematopoiesis affecting adrenal glands, liver, kidney and spleen, cystic brunner's glands in the duodenum, acute or subacute inflammation in the large intestine and gall bladder, renal mineralization and pigmentation, hepatic ito-cell vacuolat ... | 2006 | 16616834 |
| sleep quantitation in common marmoset, cotton top tamarin and squirrel monkey by non-invasive actigraphy. | sleep quantitation data on the neotropical primate species, apart from the squirrel monkey, are still sparse. as such, we have quantitated sleep in the common marmosets (callithrix jacchus), cotton top tamarins (saguinus oedipus) and squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) reared in one primate facility simultaneously, by non-invasive actigraphy. the range in total sleep time/24h measured for male adult common marmosets, cotton top tamarins and squirrel monkeys were 713-793 min (n=4), 707-889 min (n ... | 2006 | 16626986 |
| calcinosis circumscripta in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus). | a 2.5-y-old, male common marmoset (callithrix jacchus jacchus) developed a 2-cm, interscapular, subcutaneous mass with variably firm and cystic areas. radiographs demonstrated a radiodense mass in close proximity to a previously implanted microchip. fine-needle aspiration yielded a chalky liquid that, on cytologic examination, contained amorphous debris. aerobic and anaerobic cultures were negative. surgical excision required extensive dissection, with the mass infiltrating deep to the scapula a ... | 2006 | 16642972 |
| hormonal regulation of apoptosis in the endometrium of common marmosets (callithrix jacchus). | phase-dependent apoptotic changes in the human endometrium during an ovarian cycle imply a potential role of steroids in the regulation of apoptosis. the present study was undertaken to determine the direct role of hormones in endometrial apoptosis in marmosets (callithrix jacchus), a primate species which shows similarity to humans in terms of the cycle length and pattern. endometrial apoptosis was detected by 3'-end labeling (tunel) in various phases of ovarian cycle in naturally cycling healt ... | 2006 | 16677699 |
| enhancing effects of nicotine and impairing effects of scopolamine on distinct aspects of performance in computerized attention and working memory tasks in marmoset monkeys. | with the cambridge neuropsychological test automated battery (cantab), computerized neuropsychological tasks can be presented on a touch-sensitive computer screen, and this system has been used to assess cognitive processes in neuropsychiatric patients, healthy volunteers, and species of non-human primate, primarily the rhesus macaque and common marmoset. recently, we reported that the common marmoset, a small-bodied primate, can be trained to a high and stable level of performance on the cantab ... | 2006 | 16678864 |
| species and sex differences in susceptibility to olfactory lesions among the mouse, rat and monkey following an intravenous injection of vincristine sulphate. | species and sex differences in susceptibility to vincristine sulphate (vcr)-induced olfactory epithelial lesions were investigated among the balb/c mice, crj: cd(sd) igs rats and common marmoset monkeys following a single intravenous administration on day 1. as dosage levels, the 0.17-fold ld10, 0.6-fold ld10 and ld10 were used for mice and rats, and a maximum tolerated dose (mtd) was chosen only for monkeys. the order of strength of vcr action on peripheral neuropathic signs, body weight gain, ... | 2006 | 16698718 |