| [adult aedes albopictus and ae. scapularis behavior (diptera: culicidae in southeastern brazil]. | aedes albopictus and ae. scapularis were found living together in the pedrinhas village, southeastern of são paulo state, brazil. this finding was a good opportunity to make observations about the mosquitoes' behavior. | 2000 | 11105109 |
| [the ecological succession of mosquito species in the town of boyeros, ciudad de la habana 1994-1996]. | an analysis was made on the incidence of culicidae in boyeros municipality, city of havana from 1994 to 1996 based on the requirements of the national program for eradication of aedes aegypti. a total of 13 species was detected in which aedes mediovittatus predominated during 3 years of study, followed by culex quinquefasciatus whereas for the first time aedes albopictus species was found in the territory. people's councils wajay, santiago de las vegas and armada exhibited the highest values of ... | 2000 | 11107909 |
| wolbachia neither induces nor suppresses transcripts encoding antimicrobial peptides. | wolbachia are intracellular maternally inherited microorganisms that are associated with reproductive abnormalities such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), feminization and parthenogenesis in the various arthropod species they infect. surveys indicate that these bacteria infect more than 16% of all insect species as well as isopods, mites and nematodes, making wolbachia one of the most ubiquitous parasites yet described. however, nothing is known about the interactions of this bacterium with t ... | 2000 | 11122472 |
| recognition of nascent rna by the human la antigen: conserved and divergent features of structure and function. | | 2001 | 11134326 |
| characterization of the structural gene promoter of aedes aegypti densovirus. | aedes aegypti densonucleosis virus (aednv) has two promoters that have been shown to be active by reporter gene expression analysis (b. n. afanasiev, y. v. koslov, j. o. carlson, and b. j. beaty, exp. parasitol. 79:322-339, 1994). northern blot analysis of cells infected with aednv revealed two transcripts 1,200 and 3,500 nucleotides in length that are assumed to express the structural protein (vp) gene and nonstructural protein genes, respectively. primer extension was used to map the transcrip ... | 2001 | 11152505 |
| mannose phosphate isomerase isoenzymes in plutella xylostella support common genetic bases of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins in llpidopteran species. | a strong correlation between two mannose phosphate isomerase (mpi) isoenzymes and resistance to cry1a toxins from bacillus thuringiensis has been found in a plutella xylostella population. mpi linkage to cry1a resistance had previously been reported for a heliothis virescens population. the fact that the two populations share similar biochemical, genetic, and cross-resistance profiles of resistance suggests the occurrence of homologous resistance loci in both species. | 2001 | 11157273 |
| exposure to low ph is not required for penetration of mosquito cells by sindbis virus. | it is widely held that the penetration of cells by alphaviruses is dependent on exposure to the acid environment of an endosome. the alphavirus sindbis virus replicates in both vertebrate and invertebrate cell cultures. we have found that exposure to an acid environment may not be required for infection of cells of the insect host. in this work, we investigated the effects of two agents (nh(4)cl and chloroquine), which raise the ph of intracellular compartments (lysosomotropic weak bases) on the ... | 2001 | 11160702 |
| generation and characterization of a mammalian cell line continuously expressing japanese encephalitis virus subviral particles. | we have generated a cell line (f cells) producing a secreted form of japanese encephalitis virus (jev) subviral particle (extracellular particles [eps]) that contains the jev envelope glycoprotein (e) and a precursor (prm) of the virion membrane protein (m). the f cells were engineered to synthesize these jev products from a cdna encoding a mutated (furin proteinase resistant) form of prm, since stable cell lines expressing e and the authentic form of prm could not be obtained, due (in part) to ... | 2001 | 11160724 |
| the insect endosymbiont sodalis glossinidius utilizes a type iii secretion system for cell invasion. | sodalis glossinidius is a maternally transmitted secondary endosymbiont residing intracellularly in tissues of the tsetse flies, glossina spp. in this study, we have used tn5 mutagenesis and a negative selection procedure to derive a s. glossinidius mutant that is incapable of invading insect cells in vitro and is aposymbiotic when microinjected into tsetse. this mutant strain harbors tn5 integrated into a chromosomal gene sharing high sequence identity with a type iii secretion system invasion ... | 2001 | 11172045 |
| [infestation of s. paulo state, brazil, by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus]. | to study the influence of the distance between infested and non-infested areas in the geographical spread of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictuspopulations in the state of s. paulo. regional patterns were also studied, considering the determinants related to soil occupation. | 2000 | 11175600 |
| bunyamwera bunyavirus nonstructural protein nss is a nonessential gene product that contributes to viral pathogenesis. | bunyamwera virus (family bunyaviridae, genus bunyavirus) contains a tripartite negative-sense rna genome. the smallest rna segment, s, encodes the nucleocapsid protein n and a nonstructural protein, nss, in overlapping reading frames. we have generated a mutant virus lacking nss, called bundelnss, by reverse genetics. compared with the wild-type (wt) virus, bundelnss exhibited a smaller plaque size and generated titers of virus approximately 1 log lower. in mammalian cells, the mutant expressed ... | 2001 | 11209062 |
| growth characteristics of the chimeric japanese encephalitis virus vaccine candidate, chimerivax-je (yf/je sa14--14--2), in culex tritaeniorhynchus, aedes albopictus, and aedes aegypti mosquitoes. | the japanese encephalitis (je) virus vaccine candidate, chimerivax-je, which consists of a yellow fever (yf) 17d virus backbone containing the prm and e genes from the je vaccine strain je sa14--14--2, exhibits restricted replication in non-human primates, producing only a low-level viremia following peripheral inoculation. although this reduces the likelihood that hematophagous insects could become infected by feeding on a vaccinated host, it is prudent to investigate the replication kinetics o ... | 2000 | 11220763 |
| evolutionary relationships among parvoviruses: virus-host coevolution among autonomous primate parvoviruses and links between adeno-associated and avian parvoviruses. | the current classification of parvoviruses is based on virus host range and helper virus dependence, while little data on evolutionary relationships among viruses are available. we identified and analyzed 472 sequences of parvoviruses, among which there were (virtually) full-length genomes of all 41 viruses currently recognized as individual species within the family parvoviridae. our phylogenetic analysis of full-length genomes as well as open reading frames distinguished three evolutionary gro ... | 2001 | 11222696 |
| expression of human mxa protein in mosquito cells interferes with lacrosse virus replication. | human mxa protein inhibits lacrosse virus (lac virus; family bunyaviridae) replication in vertebrate cells and mxa-transgenic mice. lac virus is transmitted to humans by aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. in this report, we have shown that transfected mosquito cells expressing the human mxa cdna are resistant to lac virus but permissive for sindbis virus (family togaviridae) infection. | 2001 | 11222725 |
| identification of b-cell epitope of dengue virus type 1 and its application in diagnosis of patients. | using a serotype-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) of dengue virus type 1 (den-1), 15f3-1, we identified the b-cell epitope of den-1 from a random peptide library displayed on phage. fourteen immunopositive phage clones that bound specifically to mab 15f3-1 were selected. these phage-borne peptides had a consensus motif of hxyawb (a = s/t, b = k/h/r) that mimicked the sequence hkyswk, which corresponded to amino acid residues 111 to 116 of the nonstructural protein 1 (ns1) of den-1. among the f ... | 2001 | 11230414 |
| determination of wolbachia genome size by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | genome sizes of six different wolbachia strains from insect and nematode hosts have been determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of purified dna both before and after digestion with rare-cutting restriction endonucleases. enzymes smai, apai, asci, and fsei cleaved the studied wolbachia strains at a small number of sites and were used for the determination of the genome sizes of wmelpop, wmel, and wmelcs (each 1.36 mb), wri (1.66 mb), wbma (1.1 mb), and wdim (0.95 mb). the wolbachia genome ... | 2001 | 11244060 |
| sequence requirements for sindbis virus subgenomic mrna promoter function in cultured cells. | the sindbis virus minimal subgenomic mrna promoter (spanning positions -19 to +5 relative to the subgenomic mrna start site) is approximately three- to sixfold less active than the fully active -98 to +14 promoter region. we identified two elements flanking the -19 to +5 region which increase its transcription to levels comparable to the -98 to +14 region. these elements span positions -40 to -20 and +6 to +14 and act synergistically to enhance transcription. nine different virus libraries were ... | 2001 | 11264340 |
| l-lactic acid as a mosquito (diptera: culicidae) repellent on human and mouse skin. | the attraction of aedes albopictus (skuse) to hands and forearms of human subjects treated with several concentrations of l-la solution were studied in a test chamber containing proboscis-amputated mosquitoes. fewer mosquitoes alighted on l-la treated human skin than on water-treated control skin. similar results were found using normal mosquitoes following l-la and water treatment of mouse skin. the relative repellent effects of l-la varied with concentration. the minimum repellent concentratio ... | 2001 | 11268691 |
| west nile virus recombinant dna vaccine protects mouse and horse from virus challenge and expresses in vitro a noninfectious recombinant antigen that can be used in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. | introduction of west nile (wn) virus into the united states in 1999 created major human and animal health concerns. currently, no human or veterinary vaccine is available to prevent wn viral infection, and mosquito control is the only practical strategy to combat the spread of disease. starting with a previously designed eukaryotic expression vector, we constructed a recombinant plasmid (pcbwn) that expressed the wn virus prm and e proteins. a single intramuscular injection of pcbwn dna induced ... | 2001 | 11287553 |
| igm-capture elisa of serum samples collected from filipino dengue patients. | viral antigens for 4 dengue serotypes were produced in c6/36 aedes albopictus cells. these were used as assay antigens for igm-capture elisa to detect igm antibodies in sera of dengue patients from 3 hospitals in metro manila, philippines. a total of 378 serum samples came from national children's hospital (nch), san lazaro hospital (slh), and st luke's medical center (slmc), from january to november 1995. three hundred and four (304) out of 378 serum samples, or 80.42% showed positive igm elisa ... | 2000 | 11289014 |
| vector competence of north american mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) for west nile virus. | we evaluated the potential for several north american mosquito species to transmit the newly introduced west nile (wn) virus. mosquitoes collected in the new york city metropolitan area during the recent wn virus outbreak, at the assateague island wildlife refuge, va, or from established colonies were allowed to feed on chickens infected with wn virus isolated from a crow that died during the 1999 outbreak. these mosquitoes were tested approximately 2 wk later to determine infection, disseminati ... | 2001 | 11296813 |
| susceptibility of mosquitoes in central taiwan to natural infections of dirofilaria immitis. | from october 1997 to september 1998, 3085 culex quinquefasciatus (say) (diptera: culicidae), 584 cx. tritaeniorhynchus (giles) (diptera: culicidae), 392 cx. annulus (theobald) (diptera: culicidae), 374 aedes albopictus (skuse) (diptera: culicidae) and 102 armigeres subalbatus (coquillet) (diptera: culicidae) were collected and examined for dirofilaria immitis (leidy) (spirurida: filariidae) infection. however, only cx. quinquefasciatus and ae. albopictus were infected, with a prevalence of 4.28% ... | 2001 | 11297103 |
| limited potential for transmission of live dengue virus vaccine candidates by aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | to evaluate the transmission risk of four live dengue (den) vaccine candidates developed by the u.s. army (den-1, 45az5 pdk 20; den-2, s16803 pdk 50; den-3, ch53489 pdk 20; and den-4, 341750 pdk 20), we tested 3,010 aedes aegypti and 1,576 aedes albopictus mosquitoes blood-fed on 21 volunteers who had been administered one of the four vaccine candidates or the licensed yellow fever (yf) vaccine (17d). we used an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect den or yf viral antigen in the hea ... | 2000 | 11304057 |
| molecular cloning and complete cdna sequences of the ribosomal proteins rpl34 and rpl44 from aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. | we present the complete cdna and deduced amino acid sequences of the 60s ribosomal subunit proteins, rpl34 and rpl44, from aedes triseriatus mosquitoes. the rpl34 cdna is 554 nucleotides in length and encodes a 139 amino acid protein with a calculated molecular mass of 15 732 daltons. the putative protein displays strong sequence similarity to rpl34 of aedes albopictus mosquitoes (92%), humans (60%) and rats (58%). the protein is highly basic and contains a c-terminal repetitive-alanine domain a ... | 2000 | 11328654 |
| in vitro activity of antimicrobial agents against the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis. | arthropod-transmitted (filarial) nematodes are important causes of disease in humans in tropical countries, yet no safe drug appropriate for mass delivery kills the adult worms. however, most filarial nematodes contain rickettsia-like bacteria of the genus wolbachia, and related bacteria also occur in insects. there is increasing evidence that these bacteria have significant functions in the biology of filarial nematodes. they are thus important targets in the search for antifilarial drugs and e ... | 2001 | 11328780 |
| indoor thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a mixture of d-tetramethrin and cyphenothrin, using portable sprayer against vector mosquitoes in the tropical environment. | indoor bioefficacy of the thermal fogging application of pesguard fg 161, a formulation containing both knockdown and killing agents (active ingredient [ai]: d-tetramethrin 4% [w/w] and cyphenothrin 12% [w/w]) was compared with resigen5 (ai: s-bioallethrin 0.8% [w/w], permethrin 125/75] 18.7% [w/w], and piperonyl butoxide 16.8% [w/w]), another pyrethroid formulation, as larvicides and adulticides against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles sinensis, and culex quinquefasciatus using a port ... | 2001 | 11345415 |
| mobility of the piggybac transposon in embryos of the vectors of dengue fever (aedes albopictus) and la crosse encephalitis (ae. triseriatus). | the re-emergence of arboviral diseases such as dengue fever and la crosse encephalitis is primarily due to the failure of insect vector control strategies. the development of a procedure capable of producing stable germ-line transformants in the insect vectors of these diseases would bridge the gap between gene expression systems being developed to curb vector transmission and the identification of important genes and regulatory sequences and their reintroduction back into the insect genome in t ... | 2001 | 11370874 |
| wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility in single- and superinfected aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | maternally inherited bacteria of the genus volbachia can cause cytoplasmic incompatibility resulting in the developmental arrest of early embryos. previous studies have shown that both single- and superinfections of wolbachia naturally occur in populations of aedes albopictus (skuse). here, we report crossing experiments using three infection types occurring in ae. albopictus: uninfected, single-infected, and superinfected individuals. crosses were monitored over the lifetime of adults to detect ... | 2001 | 11372962 |
| potential sources of the 1995 venezuelan equine encephalitis subtype ic epidemic. | venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (veev) belonging to subtype ic have caused three (1962-1964, 1992-1993 and 1995) major equine epizootics and epidemics. previous sequence analyses of a portion of the envelope glycoprotein gene demonstrated a high degree of conservation among isolates from the 1962-1964 and the 1995 outbreaks, as well as a 1983 interepizootic mosquito isolate from panaquire, venezuela. however, unlike subtype iab veev that were used to prepare inactivated vaccines that prob ... | 2001 | 11390583 |
| essential role of cyclization sequences in flavivirus rna replication. | a possible role in rna replication for interactions between conserved complementary (cyclization) sequences in the 5'- and 3'-terminal regions of flavivirus rna was previously suggested but never tested in vivo. using the m-fold program for rna secondary-structure predictions, we examined for the first time the base-pairing interactions between the covalently linked 5' genomic region (first ~160 nucleotides) and the 3' untranslated region (last ~115 nucleotides) for a range of mosquito-borne fla ... | 2001 | 11413342 |
| attenuation of murray valley encephalitis virus by site-directed mutagenesis of the hinge and putative receptor-binding regions of the envelope protein. | molecular determinants of virulence in flaviviruses cluster in two regions on the three-dimensional structure of the envelope (e) protein; the base of domain ii, believed to serve as a hinge during ph-dependent conformational change in the endosome, and the lateral face of domain iii, which contains an integrin-binding motif arg-gly-asp (rgd) in mosquito-borne flaviviruses and is believed to form the receptor-binding site of the protein. in an effort to better understand the nature of attenuatio ... | 2001 | 11462041 |
| monoclonal antibodies that bind to domain iii of dengue virus e glycoprotein are the most efficient blockers of virus adsorption to vero cells. | the specific mechanisms by which antibodies neutralize flavivirus infectivity are not completely understood. to study these mechanisms in more detail, we analyzed the ability of a well-defined set of anti-dengue (den) virus e-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to block virus adsorption to vero cells. in contrast to previous studies, the binding sites of these mabs were localized to one of three structural domains (i, ii, and iii) in the e glycoprotein. the results indicate that m ... | 2001 | 11462053 |
| detection of dengue viral rna using a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay. | faster techniques are needed for the early diagnosis of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever during the acute viremic phase of infection. an isothermal nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay was optimized to amplify viral rna of all four dengue virus serotypes by a set of universal primers and to type the amplified products by serotype-specific capture probes. the nasba assay involved the use of silica to extract viral nucleic acid, which was amplified without thermocycling ... | 2001 | 11473994 |
| detection of dengue viruses in field caught male aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in singapore by type-specific pcr. | field male aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) adults caught from fixed monitoring stations weekly for 1 yr were screened for dengue viruses (den-1, den-2, den-3, and den-4). the assay was carried out using a single-step reverse transcription (or transcriptase)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the nonstructural protein three gene (ns3) of dengue viruses. the diagnostic fragm ... | 2001 | 11476326 |
| induction of oogenesis in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) by infusion of the hemocoel with amino acids. | as done previously with adult females of culex pipiens pallens coquillett, a mixture of 17 amino acids was infused into the hemocoel of females of seven anautogenous and one autogenous mosquito species belonging to three genera. in culex. p. quinquefasciatus say, cx. tritaeniorhynchus giles, cx. kyotoensis yamaguti & lacasse, aedes albopictus (skuse), armigeres subalbatus (coquillett), and cx. p. molestus forskal, which previously had laid autogenously matured first batch of eggs, ovarian develo ... | 2001 | 11476338 |
| ochlerotatus j. japonicus in frederick county, maryland: discovery, distribution, and vector competence for west nile virus. | ochlerotatus japonicus japonicus is reported for the 1st time south of the mason-dixon line, in frederick county, maryland. fifty-seven oviposition trap samples were collected throughout the county between june 30 and august 24, 2000. from 971 larvae reared from the oviposition traps, 5 species were identified: ochlerotatus triseriatus (45%), oc. j. japonicus (43%), aedes albopictus (7%), culex pipiens (4%), and toxorynchites ritulus septentrionalis (<1%). ochlerotatus j. japonicus was found wid ... | 2001 | 11480822 |
| identification of a putative coreceptor on vero cells that participates in dengue 4 virus infection. | dengue virus infects target cells by attaching to a cell surface receptor through the envelope (e) glycoprotein, located on the surface of the viral membrane. on vero and bhk cells, heparan sulfate (hs) moieties of proteoglycans are the receptors for dengue virus; however, additional proteins have also been described as putative dengue virus receptors on c6/36, hl60, and bm cells. hs can also act as a receptor for other types of viruses or as an attachment molecule for viruses that require addit ... | 2001 | 11483725 |
| tick-borne langat/mosquito-borne dengue flavivirus chimera, a candidate live attenuated vaccine for protection against disease caused by members of the tick-borne encephalitis virus complex: evaluation in rhesus monkeys and in mosquitoes. | langat virus (lgt), strain tp21, a naturally avirulent tick-borne flavivirus, was used to construct a chimeric candidate virus vaccine which contained lgt genes for premembrane (prem) and envelope (e) glycoprotein and all other sequences derived from dengue type 4 virus (den4). the live virus vaccine was developed to provide resistance to the highly virulent, closely related tick-borne flaviviruses that share protective e epitopes among themselves and with lgt. toward that end the chimera, initi ... | 2001 | 11483771 |
| in vivo generation and characterization of a soluble form of the semliki forest virus fusion protein. | during infection of host cells, a number of enveloped animal viruses are known to produce soluble forms of viral membrane glycoproteins lacking the transmembrane domain. the roles of such soluble glycoproteins in viral life cycles are incompletely understood, but in several cases they are believed to modulate host immune response and viral pathogenesis. semliki forest virus (sfv) is an enveloped alphavirus that infects cells through low-ph-dependent fusion and buds from the plasma membrane. fusi ... | 2001 | 11483778 |
| [aedes albopictus in bromeliads of anthropic environment in são paulo state, brazil]. | aedes albopictus populations can breed in several kinds of containers, and its presence has also been reported in bromeliaceae. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological importance of the bromeliaceae plants as potential breeding sites of aedes albopictus and to document the associated culicidae entomofauna found in this micro-habitat. | 2001 | 11486146 |
| existence of hepatitis c virus in culex quinquefasciatus after ingestion of infected blood: experimental approach to evaluating transmission by mosquitoes. | we used pcr to detect hepatitis c virus (hcv) rna among supernatants of ground culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes that (i) had been fed hcv-positive blood, (ii) had been intrathoracically inoculated with hcv-positive blood, or (iii) were from homes of hepatitis c patients. hcv rna was detectable under all three conditions, but it did not replicate in mosquitoes and was not detectably transmitted during feeding. | 2001 | 11526176 |
| amino acid and phenotypic changes in dengue 2 virus associated with escape from neutralisation by igm antibody. | two dengue 2-specific igm monoclonal antibodies (mab) recognised spatially unrelated epitopes on the envelope (e) protein of dengue 2 virus, which were also recognised by serum from 20 and 50%, respectively, of patients with a primary dengue 2 infection. dengue 2 virus populations escaping neutralisation by mab 6b2 (representing the majority population of dengue 2-specific igm mabs ) had a deduced amino acid change (g-s) in the pre-membrane (prm) protein at position 15 and a second in the e prot ... | 2001 | 11536239 |
| possibility of false-positive detection for sporozoites in mosquitos (diptera: culicidae) by nested polymerase chain reaction using plasmodium yoelii genomic dna. | anopheles stephensi liston and an. saperoi bohart and ingram infected with the rodent malaria parasite plasmodium yoelii nigeriense. they were examined 12 and 19 days after blood feeding for sporozoites in head with anterior thorax (ht) and oocysts in abdomen with posterior thorax (ab) by light microscopy and by the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr-based on the amplification of the sequences of the small subunit ribosomal rna gene). the detection rate of parasite dna by nested pcr in ... | 2001 | 11556576 |
| interaction of classical swine fever virus with membrane-associated heparan sulfate: role for virus replication in vivo and virulence. | passage of native classical swine fever virus (csfv) in cultured swine kidney cells (sk6 cells) selects virus variants that attach to the surface of cells by interaction with membrane-associated heparan sulfate (hs). a ser-to-arg change in the c terminus of envelope glycoprotein e(rns) (amino acid 476 in the open reading frame of csfv) is responsible for selection of these hs-binding virus variants (m. m. hulst, h. g. p. van gennip, and r. j. m. moormann, j. virol. 74:9553-9561, 2000). in this i ... | 2001 | 11559790 |
| mutagenesis of the dengue virus type 2 ns3 protein within and outside helicase motifs: effects on enzyme activity and virus replication. | the protein ns3 of dengue virus type 2 (den-2) is the second largest nonstructural protein specified by the virus and is known to possess multiple enzymatic activities, including a serine proteinase located in the n-terminal region and an ntpase-helicase in the remaining 70% of the protein. the latter region has seven conserved helicase motifs found in all members of the family flaviviridae. den-2 ns3 lacking the proteinase region was synthesized as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferas ... | 2001 | 11559795 |
| chemical mutagenesis of dengue virus type 4 yields mutant viruses which are temperature sensitive in vero cells or human liver cells and attenuated in mice. | a recombinant live attenuated dengue virus type 4 (den4) vaccine candidate, 2adelta30, was found previously to be generally well tolerated in humans, but a rash and an elevation of liver enzymes in the serum occurred in some vaccinees. 2adelta30, a non-temperature-sensitive (non-ts) virus, contains a 30-nucleotide deletion (delta30) in the 3' untranslated region (utr) of the viral genome. in the present study, chemical mutagenesis of den4 was utilized to generate attenuating mutations which may ... | 2001 | 11559806 |
| isolation of japanese encephalitis virus from mosquitoes collected in northern taiwan between 1995 and 1996. | mosquito collections were carried out from may to october in 1995 and 1996 at yingko and sanhsia of taipei county and chunan of miaoli county. a grand total of 13,576 mosquitoes consisting of 13 species in 407 pools were processed and inoculated into aedes albopictus clone c6/36 cell cultures. one hundred thirty seven pools of these showed the presence of viral antigens in the infected c6/36 cell lysates which were identified by the indirect fluorescent antibody test using a monoclonal antibody ... | 1999 | 11561572 |
| synthesis and methyltransferase activity of nonstructural protein nsp1 in sindbis virus-infected aedes albopictus cells. | to investigate the synthesis and turnover of the nonstructure protein, nsp1, in aedes albopictus cells, we labeled infected cells with [35s]-methionine and immunoprecipitated nsp1 with a polyclonal monospecific rabbit antibody. synthesis of nsp1 in mosquito cells could be detected 2 hr after infection and continued as long as 24 hr post-infection, regardless whether the infected cells were maintained at 28 degrees c , 34.5 degrees c , or 37 degrees c. whereas the time pattern of nsp1 synthesis v ... | 1999 | 11561581 |
| a comparison of techniques for detecting invertebrate iridescent virus 6. | the aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and precision of various methods for the detection and quantification of invertebrate iridescent virus 6 (iiv-6) (iridoviridae) isolated from a the stem-boring moth chilo suppressalis, and to apply these techniques to the detection of covert infections in the wax moth, galleria mellonella. the relationship between the virus concentration and absorbance at 260 nm was linear over the range of 1.6 x 10(9)-5.6 x 10(10) particles/ml. tcid(50) assay ... | 2001 | 11576637 |
| ross river virus transmission, infection, and disease: a cross-disciplinary review. | ross river virus (rrv) is a fascinating, important arbovirus that is endemic and enzootic in australia and papua new guinea and was epidemic in the south pacific in 1979 and 1980. infection with rrv may cause disease in humans, typically presenting as peripheral polyarthralgia or arthritis, sometimes with fever and rash. rrv disease notifications in australia average 5,000 per year. the first well-described outbreak occurred in 1928. during world war ii there were more outbreaks, and the name ep ... | 2001 | 11585790 |
| [frequency of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus larvae and pupae in traps, brazil]. | to evaluate the monthly frequency of larvae and pupae of aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and other mosquitoe species in tires, and the influence of environmental factors on that. | 2001 | 11600929 |
| development and evaluation of serotype- and group-specific fluorogenic reverse transcriptase pcr (taqman) assays for dengue virus. | five fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (taqman) reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) assays were developed for serotypes 1 to 4 and group-specific detection of dengue virus. serotype- and group-specific oligonucleotide primers and fluorogenic probes were designed against conserved regions of the dengue virus genome. the rt-pcr assay is a rapid single-tube method consisting of a 30-min rt step linked to a 45-cycle pcr at 95 and 60 degrees c that generates a fluorogenic signal in positive samples. assays ... | 2001 | 11682539 |
| complete genome sequence of the shrimp white spot bacilliform virus. | we report the first complete genome sequence of a marine invertebrate virus. white spot bacilliform virus (wsbv; or white spot syndrome virus) is a major shrimp pathogen with a high mortality rate and a wide host range. its double-stranded circular dna genome of 305,107 bp contains 181 open reading frames (orfs). nine homologous regions containing 47 repeated minifragments that include direct repeats, atypical inverted repeat sequences, and imperfect palindromes were identified. this is the larg ... | 2001 | 11689662 |
| use of a computer model to identify potential hotspots for dengue fever in new zealand. | to describe the areas of potential dengue fever risk in new zealand for present climatic conditions and projected scenarios of climate change. | 2001 | 11700749 |
| recovery of infectious pariacoto virus from cdna clones and identification of susceptible cell lines. | pariacoto virus (pav) is a nodavirus that was recently isolated in peru from the southern armyworm, spodoptera eridania. virus particles are non enveloped and about 30 nm in diameter and have t=3 icosahedral symmetry. the 3.0-a crystal structure shows that about 35% of the genomic rna is icosahedrally ordered, with the rna forming a dodecahedral cage of 25-nucleotide (nt) duplexes that underlie the inner surface of the capsid. the pav genome comprises two single-stranded, positive-sense rnas: rn ... | 2001 | 11711613 |
| population genetic structure and competence as a vector for dengue type 2 virus of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus from madagascar. | starch gel electrophoresis was used to assess the polymorphism of 7 isoenzymes in single mosquitoes (field-collected f0 or f1 generation) for aedes albopictus (8 strains) from northern madagascar. mosquitoes of the f2 generation (3 strains of aedes aegypti and 10 strains of ae. albopictus) were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue type 2 virus. aedes aegypti was less susceptible to viral infection than ae. albopictus. the genetic differentiation was less high between ae. albopictus populatio ... | 2001 | 11716103 |
| a study of dengue imported to kuwait during 1997-1999. | this study was carried out on sera from 210 patients in kuwait in 1997-1999. all of the patients were suffering from febrile illness and had recently visited dengue- (den) endemic areas. the sera were screened for den virus by inoculation into cultures of the aedes albopictus cell clone c6/36 (virus isolation) and by igm capture elisa (detection of den virus-specific igm antibodies). in the cell cultures, den virus could not be isolated from any of the patients' sera. however, sera from 19 patie ... | 2001 | 11719982 |
| kinetics of dengue virus-specific serum immunoglobulin classes and subclasses correlate with clinical outcome of infection. | the kinetics of dengue virus (den)-specific serum immunoglobulin classes (immunoglobulin m [igm] and iga) and subclasses (igg1 to igg4) were studied in patients suffering from dengue fever (df), dengue hemorrhagic fever (dhf), and dengue shock syndrome (dss). serum samples from non-den febrile patients were included as controls. igm, igg1, and igg3 serum antibodies were the predominant immunoglobulins throughout the course of illness in all three patient groups. in contrast, iga antibodies were ... | 2001 | 11724841 |
| invasions by insect vectors of human disease. | nonindigenous vectors that arrive, establish, and spread in new areas have fomented throughout recorded history epidemics of human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, typhus, and plague. although some vagile vectors, such as adults of black flies, biting midges, and tsetse flies, have dispersed into new habitats by flight or wind, human-aided transport is responsible for the arrival and spread of most invasive vectors, such as anthropophilic fleas, lice, kissing bugs, and mosquitoes. from th ... | 2002 | 11729075 |
| population structure of aedes albopictus from la réunion island (indian ocean) with respect to susceptibility to a dengue virus. | ten f1 aedes albopictus samples collected from réunion island in the indian ocean were tested for oral susceptibility to dengue 2 virus and 20 were analysed for genetic polymorphism by starch gel electrophoresis. data from infection rates defined two distinct geographical areas: east coast vs. west coast. genetic differentiation was found to be dependent on ecological factors and the biological characteristics of ae. albopictus. these results have implications for the vector ecology and pattern ... | 2001 | 11737274 |
| first isolation of la crosse virus from naturally infected aedes albopictus. | la crosse (lac) virus, a california serogroup bunyavirus, is the leading cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis in the united states and an emerging disease in tennessee, west virginia, and north carolina. human cases of lac encephalitis in tennessee and north carolina have increased above endemic levels during 1997 to 1999 and may represent an expansion of a new southeastern endemic focus. this report describes the isolation of lac virus from the exotic mosquito aedes albopictus. the discove ... | 2001 | 11747692 |
| aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse), a potential new dengue vector in southern cameroon. | aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector of dengue virus, has been recorded for the first time in cameroon. entomologic surveys in 2000 demonstrated that it is widespread in southern cameroon, colonizing a wide variety of breeding sites and biting humans in every district surveyed. the presence of this vector increases the risk for emergence of dengue in cameroon. | 2001 | 11747746 |
| paired charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of dengue virus type 4 ns5 generates mutants with temperature-sensitive, host range, and mouse attenuation phenotypes. | charge-to-alanine mutagenesis of dengue virus type 4 (den4) ns5 gene generated a collection of attenuating mutations for potential use in a recombinant live attenuated den vaccine. codons for 80 contiguous pairs of charged amino acids in ns5 were individually mutagenized to create uncharged pairs of alanine residues, and 32 recombinant mutant viruses were recovered from the 80 full-length mutant den4 cdna constructs. these mutant viruses were tested for temperature-sensitive (ts) replication in ... | 2002 | 11752143 |
| [aedes albopictus in italy: an underestimated health problem]. | since 1990, ae. albopictus has spread in 9 regions and 30 provinces of the country. this species was introduced in italy in shipments of scrap tires form the usa. in italy, ae. albopictus is the major biting pest throughout much of its range and, although there is no evidence that this mosquito is the vector of human disease in the country, the species might be involved in the transmission of some arboviruses which have been reported in the mediterranean basin. aim of this paper is to provide an ... | 2001 | 11758282 |
| [aedes albopictus in rome: monitoring in the 3-year period of 1998-2000]. | aedes albopictus was first reported in italy in 1990 and in the urban area of rome in the late summer 1997. ae. albopictus is a daytime, outdoor mosquito, that bite preferably on man. in rome (42 degrees south of latitude), larvae are found from march to november, but some adult females are active until december. the peak of adult abundance, and then of the annoyance caused to man, occurs in late august-september. the presence of the species in rome represents the first example in italy of exten ... | 2001 | 11758283 |
| a novel technique for removing wolbachia infections from aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae). | intracellular bacteria of the genus wolbachia often behave as reproductive parasites by manipulating host reproduction to enhance the vertical transmission of infections. wolbachia infections in aedes albopictus (skuse) cause a reproductive manipulation known as cytoplasmic incompatibility, which can reduce brood hatch. because field populations of ae. albopictus are naturally infected, studies of wolbachia-induced effects on ae. albopictus reproduction and fitness require that wolbachia be arti ... | 2001 | 11761383 |
| potential north american vectors of west nile virus. | the outbreak of disease in the new york area in 1999 due to west nile (wn) virus was the first evidence of the occurrence of this virus in the americas. to determine potential vectors, more than 15 mosquito species (including culex pipiens, cx. nigripalpus, cx. quinquefasciatus, cx. salinarius, aedes albopictus, ae. vexans, ochlerotatus japonicus, oc. sollicitans, oc. taeniorhynchus, and oc. triseriatus) from the eastern united states were evaluated for their ability to serve as vectors for the ... | 2001 | 11797788 |
| positively charged amino acid substitutions in the e2 envelope glycoprotein are associated with the emergence of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. | epidemic-epizootic venezuelan equine encephalitis (vee) viruses (veev) have emerged repeatedly via convergent evolution from enzootic predecessors. however, previous sequence analyses have failed to identify common sets of nucleotide or amino acid substitutions associated with all emergence events. during 1993 and 1996, veev subtype ie epizootics occurred on the pacific coast of the states of chiapas and oaxaca in southern mexico. like other epizootic veev strains, when inoculated into guinea pi ... | 2002 | 11799167 |
| inhibitory potential of neem (azadirachta indica juss) leaves on dengue virus type-2 replication. | in the present study we report in vitro and in vivo inhibitory potential of crude aqueous extract of neem leaves and pure neem compound (azadirachtin) on the replication of dengue virus type-2. in vitro antiviral activity of aqueous neem leaves extract assessed in c(6/36) (cloned cells of larvae of aedes albopictus) cells employing virus inhibition assay showed inhibition in dose dependent manner. the aqueous extract of neem leaves at its maximum non-toxic concentration of 1.897 mg/ml completely ... | 2002 | 11801392 |
| aedes albopictus in allende city, nuevo léon, mexico. | nuevo león was the only 1 of the 3 northeastern states of mexico where aedes albopictus previously had not been shown to occur. however, of 195 samples of larval aedes received during 1997 from the state health laboratory for identification from the 7th sanitary district, allende city, nuevo león, 53 (27.2%) were identified as ae. albopictus. | 2001 | 11804464 |
| characterization of wolbachia host cell range via the in vitro establishment of infections. | maternally transmitted bacteria of the genus wolbachia are obligate, intracellular symbionts that are frequently found in insects and cause a diverse array of reproductive manipulations, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing, parthenogenesis, and feminization. despite the existence of a broad range of scientific interest, many aspects of wolbachia research have been limited to laboratories with insect-rearing facilities. the inability to culture these bacteria outside of the invert ... | 2002 | 11823204 |
| [typing habitats of aedes albopictus in cuba and their association with other species of culicidae, 1995-1998]. | a typing of the habitats of aedes albopictus in cuba was made after its detection in 1995. it was observed in suburban areas of the boyeros municipality, in havana city, where a study was conducted from october, 1995, to july, 1998. most of the positive repositories were found outside the houses. tins, tires, trees and plants were the places preferred for its breeding. it was found in the breeding places associated with aedes mediovittatus and culex quinquefasciatus, dominant species in these pl ... | 2000 | 11826518 |
| [biological behavior of 3 strains of the dengue-2 virus in 2 cell lines of mosquitoes]. | strains a-15 (isolated in cuba, 1981), jamaica (isolated in jamaica, 1981) and nueva guinea "c" (standard) from dengue-2 virus were compared according to the time of appearance of the cytopathic effect (cpe), to the time of appearance of specific fluorescence and to the kynetics of viral multiplication on being innoculated in the cell lines ap-61 (aedes pseudoscutellaris) and c6/36 ht (aedes albopictus). the results showed that the cpe of highest intensity and earliest appearance was for a-15, f ... | 2000 | 11826526 |
| intron-dependent stimulation of marker gene expression in cultured insect cells. | we tested in a systematic fashion the effect of an intron on the level of luciferase expression in cultured c6/36 aedes albopictus cells. the intron was inserted in both orientations, upstream and downstream of the luciferase coding region in two different luciferase expression vectors. the two parental luciferase expression vectors differed only in their promoters, one containing the drosophila melanogaster actin5c promoter and the other the autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus hr5 ... | 2002 | 11841506 |
| lack of both fas ligand and perforin protects from flavivirus-mediated encephalitis in mice. | the mechanism by which encephalitic flaviviruses enter the brain to inflict a life-threatening encephalomyelitis in a small percentage of infected individuals is obscure. we investigated this issue in a mouse model for flavivirus encephalitis in which the virus was administered to 6-week-old animals by the intravenous route, analogous to the portal of entry in natural infections, using a virus dose in the range experienced following the bite of an infectious mosquito. in this model, infection wi ... | 2002 | 11884544 |
| mutualistic wolbachia infection in aedes albopictus: accelerating cytoplasmic drive. | maternally inherited rickettsial symbionts of the genus wolbachia occur commonly in arthropods, often behaving as reproductive parasites by manipulating host reproduction to enhance the vertical transmission of infections. one manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci), which causes a significant reduction in brood hatch and promotes the spread of the maternally inherited wolbachia infection into the host population (i.e., cytoplasmic drive). here, we have examined a wolbachia superinfecti ... | 2002 | 11901124 |
| host age effect and expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility in field populations of wolbachia-superinfected aedes albopictus. | the asian tiger mosquito, aedes albopictus (skuse), is a known vector of dengue in south america and southeast asia. it is naturally superinfected with two strains of wolbachia endosymbiont that are able to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci). in this paper, we report the strength of ci expression in crosses involving field-caught males. ci expression was found to be very strong in all crosses between field males and laboratory-reared uninfected or walba infected young females. in addition, ... | 2002 | 11920134 |
| immunization with heterologous flaviviruses protective against fatal west nile encephalitis. | prior immunization of hamsters with three heterologous flaviviruses (japanese encephalitis virus [jev] sa14-2-8 vaccine, wild-type st. louis encephalitis virus [slev], and yellow fever virus [yfv] 17d vaccine) reduces the severity of subsequent west nile virus (wnv) infection. groups of adult hamsters were immunized with each of the heterologous flaviviruses; approximately 30 days later, the animals were injected intraperitoneally with a virulent new york strain of wnv. subsequent levels of vire ... | 2002 | 11927020 |
| detection of encephalitis viruses in mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) and avian tissues. | abstract diagnostic assays for the detection of st. louis encephalitis (sle) and western equine encephalomyelitis (wee) viruses in mosquito pools and avian tissues were compared for sensitivity, accuracy and specificity. the in situ enzyme immunoassay (eia), plaque assay on vero cells, passage in aedes albopictus skuse c6/36 and c7/10 cells, antigen capture enzyme immunoassay (ac-eia), and single and multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (rt-pcr) were evaluated using pools o ... | 2002 | 11931031 |
| analysis of northern distribution of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in japan by geographical information system. | aedes albopictus (skuse), a mosquito vector of the dengue fever virus, is prevalent in japan, distributed widely in honshu island with its northern limits between latitude 38 degrees to 40 degrees north. the factors affecting distribution of the species in the northern part of japan were studied using the geographical information system (gis). during 1998-2000, larval surveillance was carried out in 26 urban and rural areas in the tohoku district, in the northern part of honshu island, by collec ... | 2002 | 11931270 |
| late season commercial mosquito trap and host seeking activity evaluation against mosquitoes in a malarious area of the republic of korea. | field trials evaluating selected commercially available mosquito traps variously baited with light, carbon dioxide, and/or octenol were conducted from 18-27 september 2000 in a malarious area near paekyeon-ri (tongil-chon) and camp greaves in paju county, kyonggi province, republic of korea. the host-seeking activity for common mosquito species, including the primary vector of japanese encephalitis, culex tritaeniorhynchus giles, was determined using hourly aspirator collections from a human and ... | 2002 | 11949213 |
| dengue virus infection rate in field populations of female aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in singapore. | we developed a single-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) followed by a semi-nested pcr using an upstream consensus primer and four type-specific primers within the non-structural protein gene (ns3) of dengue viruses to type dengue viruses in field populations of female aedes mosquitoes. this yielded diagnostic fragments of 169, 362, 265 and 426 base pairs for dengue virus types 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. from 1997 to 2000, 54 (6.9%) of 781 aedes aegypti and 67 (2.9%) ... | 2002 | 11952948 |
| leveraging genomic databases: from an aedes albopictus mosquito cell line to the malaria vector anopheles gambiae via the drosophila genome project. | an important justification for genome sequencing efforts is the anticipation that data from model organisms will provide a framework for the more rapid analysis of other, less studied genomes. in this investigation, we sequenced an internal region of 25 amino acids from a 52 kda protein that was differentially expressed in 20-hydroxyecdysone-treated aedes albopictus cells in culture. within the genbank non-mouse and non-human expressed sequence tag (est) database, this "aedes peptide" uncovered ... | 2002 | 11966884 |
| mechanism of virulence attenuation of glycosaminoglycan-binding variants of japanese encephalitis virus and murray valley encephalitis virus. | the in vivo mechanism for virulence attenuation of laboratory-derived variants of two flaviviruses in the japanese encephalitis virus (jev) serocomplex is described. host cell adaptation of jev and murray valley encephalitis virus (mve) by serial passage in adenocarcinoma cells selected for variants characterized by (i) a small plaque phenotype, (ii) increased affinity to heparin-sepharose, (iii) enhanced susceptibility to inhibition of infectivity by heparin, and (iv) loss of neuroinvasiveness ... | 2002 | 11967307 |
| experimental infection of horses with west nile virus. | a total of 12 horses of different breeds and ages were infected with west nile virus (wnv) via the bites of infected aedes albopictus mosquitoes. half the horses were infected with a viral isolate from the brain of a horse (bc787), and half were infected with an isolate from crow brain (ny99-6625); both were ny99 isolates. postinfection, uninfected female ae. albopictus fed on eight of the infected horses. in the first trial, nt antibody titers reached >1:320, 1:20, 1:160, and 1:80 for horses 1 ... | 2002 | 11971771 |
| indoor thermal fogging against vector mosquitoes with two bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules and vectobac 12as liquid. | bioefficacy of thermal fogging application of 2 bacillus thuringiensis israelensis formulations, vectobac abg 6511 water-dispersible granules (3,000 international toxic unit [itu]/mg) and vectobac 12as liquid (1,200 itu/mg), was assessed for larvicidal activities against aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, anopheles dirus, and culex quinquefasciatus. portable agrofog af35 sprayers were used to apply the 2 formulations indoors in residential premises on penang island, malaysia. vectobac abg 6511 sho ... | 2002 | 11998931 |
| antibodies against prm protein distinguish between previous infection with dengue and japanese encephalitis viruses. | in southeast asia, dengue viruses often co-circulate with other flaviviruses such as japanese encephalitis virus, and due to the presence of shared antigenic epitopes it is often difficult to use serological methods to distinguish between previous infections by these flaviviruses. | 2002 | 12019028 |
| infectious cdna clone of the epidemic west nile virus from new york city. | we report the first full-length infectious clone of the current epidemic, lineage i, strain of west nile virus (wnv). the full-length cdna was constructed from reverse transcription-pcr products of viral rna from an isolate collected during the year 2000 outbreak in new york city. it was cloned into plasmid pbr322 under the control of a t7 promoter and stably amplified in escherichia coli hb101. rna transcribed from the full-length cdna clone was highly infectious upon transfection into bhk-21 c ... | 2002 | 12021317 |
| neuroblastoma cell-adapted yellow fever 17d virus: characterization of a viral variant associated with persistent infection and decreased virus spread. | serial passage of yellow fever 17d virus (yf5.2iv, derived from an infectious molecular clone) on mouse neuroblastoma (nb41a3) cells established a persistent noncytopathic infection associated with a variant virus. this virus (nb15a) was dramatically reduced in plaque formation and exhibited impaired replication kinetics on all cell lines examined compared to the parental virus. nucleotide sequence analysis of nb15a revealed a substitution in domain iii of the envelope (e) protein at residue 360 ... | 2002 | 12021351 |
| two new rhabdoviruses (rhabdoviridae) isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis, northeastern united states. | two novel rhabdoviruses were isolated from birds during surveillance for arboviral encephalitis in the northeastern united states. the first, designated farmington virus, is a tentative new member of the vesiculovirus genus. the second, designated rhode island virus, is unclassified antigenically, but its ultrastructure and size are more similar to those of some of the plant rhabdoviruses. both viruses infect birds and mice, as well as monkey kidney cells in culture, but their importance for hum ... | 2002 | 12023919 |
| la crosse encephalitis in eastern tennessee: clinical, environmental, and entomological characteristics from a blinded cohort study. | a blinded cohort study was conducted in 2000 to better understand the emergence of la crosse virus infection in eastern tennessee, with special emphasis on the potential mosquito vector(s). children with suspected central nervous system infection were enrolled at the time of clinical presentation at a large pediatric referral hospital. clinical, environmental, and entomological data were collected prior to case confirmation. sixteen of the 40 children included in the final analysis were confirme ... | 2002 | 12034585 |
| detection of west nile virus antigen in mosquitoes and avian tissues by a monoclonal antibody-based capture enzyme immunoassay. | an antigen capture immunoassay to detect west nile (wn) virus antigen in infected mosquitoes and avian tissues has been developed. with this assay purified wn virus was detected at a concentration of 32 pg/0.1 ml, and antigen in infected suckling mouse brain and laboratory-infected mosquito pools could be detected when the wn virus titer was 10(2.1) to 10(3.7) pfu/0.1 ml. in a blindly coded set of field-collected mosquito pools (n = 100), this assay detected wn virus antigen in 12 of 18 (66.7%) ... | 2002 | 12037058 |
| polygamy: the possibly significant behavior of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus in relation to the efficient transmission of dengue virus. | the polygamous behavior of male aedes aegypti (l.) and ae. albopictus (skuse) was investigated by co-habiting a newly-emerged male and females in a 30 cm3 cage (1 male: 20 females) for up to 5 consecutive days. as determined by insemination rates, the results indicated that one ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus male could successfully mate with 1.10 (0-4), 4.10 (1-8), 5.40 (4-8), 5.10 (2-8), 5.15 (3-9) and 0.20 (0-3), 1.70 (0-3), 2.35 (1-4), 2.30 (0-4), 2.35 (1-4) ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus fem ... | 2001 | 12041548 |
| [first report of aedes albopictus in the state of santa catarina, brazil]. | three adult females of aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) were captured using a human bait in the surrounding dwelling area of the remaining rain forest in itaguassu beach, island of são francisco do sul, northern coast of the state of santa catarina, brazil. | 2002 | 12045808 |
| experimental transmission of eastern equine encephalitis virus by ochlerotatus j. japonicus (diptera: culicidae). | we evaluated the potential for ochlerotatus j. japonicus (theobald), a newly recognized invasive mosquito species in the united states, to transmit eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus. aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex pipiens (l.) were similarly tested for comparison. ochlerotatus j. japonicus and ae. albopictus became infected and transmitted eee virus by bite after feeding on young chickens 1 d after they had been inoculated with eee virus (viremias ranging from 10(7.0-8.7) plaque-formin ... | 2002 | 12061444 |
| discovery of aedes albopictus infected with west nile virus in southeastern pennsylvania. | in august 2000, aedes albopictus was found in a co2-baited centers for disease control light trap in eastern philadelphia, pa. in late september 2000, west nile viral antigen was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing from a pool of 2 ae. albopictus mosquitoes that were collected in southwestern montgomery county. | 2002 | 12083357 |
| landing sites on the human body preferred by aedes albopictus. | the landing sites on the human body preferred by aedes albopictus were examined. five male volunteers wearing only shorts stood in a mosquito net enclosure containing 120 proboscis-amputated ae. albopitus. in separate tests, 9 male volunteers and 1 female volunteer lay supine during the test. the number of mosquitoes landing on each site of the volunteer's body was counted, and after completion of the test, his or her body temperature was recorded. when the subject was upright, the landing site ... | 2002 | 12083362 |
| combined detection and genotyping of chikungunya virus by a specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. | a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of chikungunya virus infection. based on the nonstructural protein 1 (nsp1) and glycoprotein e1 (e1) genes of chikungunya, two primer sets were designed. total rna were extracted from the cell culture fluid of aedes albopictus c6/36 cells inoculated with the s27 prototype virus, isolated in tanzania in 1953, and the malaysian strains (malh0198, malh0298, and malh0398), isolated in malaysia in 1998. for bot ... | 2002 | 12116030 |
| maternal transmission efficiency of wolbachia superinfections in aedes albopictus populations in thailand. | we examined the transmission efficiency of 2 strains of wolbachia bacteria that cause cytoplasmic incompatibility in field populations of aedes albopictus by polymerase chain reaction assay. we found mainland and island populations throughout thailand to be superinfected with group a and b bacteria. of 320 wolbachia-positive adult mosquitoes, 97.5% were infected with both groups. single infected individuals of each wolbachia group were encountered in nearly equal numbers. we screened 550 offspri ... | 2002 | 12135258 |
| field prevalence of wolbachia in the mosquito vector aedes albopictus. | the endosymbiotic bacteria in the genus wolbachia have been proposed as a potential candidate to deliver pathogen-blocking genes into natural populations of medically important insects. the successful application of wolbachia in insect vector control depends on the ability of the agent to successfully invade and maintain itself at high frequency under field conditions. here, we evaluated the prevalence of wolbachia infections in a field population of the wolbachia-superinfected mosquito aedes al ... | 2002 | 12135259 |