| biofilms formed by candida albicans bloodstream isolates display phenotypic and transcriptional heterogeneity that are associated with resistance and pathogenicity. | candida albicans infections have become increasingly recognised as being biofilm related. recent studies have shown that there is a relationship between biofilm formation and poor clinical outcomes in patients infected with biofilm proficient strains. here we have investigated a panel of clinical isolates in an attempt to evaluate their phenotypic and transcriptional properties in an attempt to differentiate and define levels of biofilm formation. | 2014 | 24996549 |
| comprehensive approach for the detection of antifungal compounds using a susceptible strain of candida albicans and confirmation of in vivo activity with the galleria mellonella model. | an efficient screening strategy for the identification of potentially interesting low-abundance antifungal natural products in crude extracts that combines both a sensitive bioautography assay and high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) microfractionation was developed. this method relies on high performance thin layer chromatography (hptlc) bioautography with a hypersusceptible engineered strain of candida albicans (dsy2621) for bioactivity detection, followed by the evaluation of wild ty ... | 2014 | 24984572 |
| the lack of upstream elements of the cek1 and hog1 mediated pathways leads to a synthetic lethal phenotype upon osmotic stress in candida albicans. | different signal transduction pathways mediated by map kinases have been described in candida albicans. these pathways sense different stimuli and, therefore, elaborate specific responses. hog1 was identified as the mapk that is primarily involved in stress response and virulence, while cek1 was more specific to cell wall biogenesis, mating and biofilm formation. in the present work, mutants defective in both pathways have been characterized under osmotic stress. both routes are required for a f ... | 2014 | 24905535 |
| the role of candida albicans spt20 in filamentation, biofilm formation and pathogenesis. | candida albicans is a ubiquitous fungus, which can cause very serious and sometimes life-threatening infections in susceptible patients. we used caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to screen a library of c. albicans mutants for decreased virulence and identified spt20 as important for virulence. the transcription co-activator spt20 was identified originally as a suppressor of ty and solo δ insertion mutations, which can cause transcription defects in saccharomyces cerevisiae. it is resistant ... | 2014 | 24732310 |
| correlation between candida albicans biofilm formation and invasion of the invertebrate host galleria mellonella. | the aim of our study was to investigate whether biofilm production by candida albicans clinical isolates could be a hallmark of virulence in vivo. | 2014 | 24571071 |
| studies on the role of insect hemolymph polypeptides: galleria mellonella anionic peptide 2 and lysozyme. | the lysozymes are well known antimicrobial polypeptides exhibiting antibacterial and antifungal activities. their antibacterial potential is related to muramidase activity and non-enzymatic activity resembling the mode of action of cationic defense peptides. however, the mechanisms responsible for fungistatic and/or fungicidal activity of lysozyme are still not clear. in the present study, the anti-candida albicans activity of galleria mellonella lysozyme and anionic peptide 2 (ap2), defense fac ... | 2014 | 24472857 |
| paradoxical growth of candida albicans in the presence of caspofungin is associated with multiple cell wall rearrangements and decreased virulence. | in the last decade, echinocandins have emerged as an important family of antifungal drugs because of their fungicidal activity against candida spp. echinocandins inhibit the enzyme β-1,3-d-glucan synthase, encoded by the fks genes, and resistance to echinocandins is associated with mutations in this gene. in addition, echinocandin exposure can produce paradoxical growth, defined as the ability to grow at high antifungal concentrations but not at intermediate concentrations. in this work, we have ... | 2014 | 24295973 |
| myriocin significantly increases the mortality of a non-mammalian model host during candida pathogenesis. | candida albicans is a major human pathogen whose treatment is challenging due to antifungal drug toxicity, drug resistance and paucity of antifungal agents available. myrocin (myr) inhibits sphingosine synthesis, a precursor of sphingolipids, an important cell membrane and signaling molecule component. myr also has dual immune suppressive and antifungal properties, potentially modulating mammalian immunity and simultaneously reducing fungal infection risk. wax moth (galleria mellonella) larvae, ... | 2013 | 24260135 |
| selective photoinactivation of candida albicans in the non-vertebrate host infection model galleria mellonella. | candida spp. are recognized as a primary agent of severe fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, and are the fourth most common cause of bloodstream infections. our study explores treatment with photodynamic therapy (pdt) as an innovative antimicrobial technology that employs a nontoxic dye, termed a photosensitizer (ps), followed by irradiation with harmless visible light. after photoactivation, the ps produces either singlet oxygen or other reactive oxygen species (ros) that primarily ... | 2013 | 24083556 |
| a novel small molecule methyltransferase is important for virulence in candida albicans. | candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. despite its significant health impact, our understanding of c. albicans pathogenicity is limited, particularly at the molecular level. one of the largely understudied enzyme families in c. albicans are small molecule adomet-dependent methyltransferases (smmtases), which are important for maintenance of cellular homeostasis by clearing toxic chemicals, generating novel ce ... | 2013 | 24083538 |
| using galleria mellonella-candida albicans infection model to evaluate antifungal agents. | candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen. galleria mellonella is widely used as an infection model host. nevertheless, the g. mellonella-c. albicans infection model had not been optimized for drug evaluation before this study. in this work, we revealed that 5 × 10(5) colony forming unit (cfu)/larva was a suitable inoculum to optimize the g. mellonella-c. albicans infection model in order to evaluate antifungal agents. using our optimized model, the antifungal effect of fluconazole, am ... | 2013 | 23995660 |
| ybp1 and gpx3 signaling in candida albicans govern hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidation of the cap1 transcription factor and macrophage escape. | as candida albicans is the major fungal pathogen of humans, there is an urgent need to understand how this pathogen evades toxic reactive oxygen species (ros) generated by the host immune system. a key regulator of antioxidant gene expression, and thus ros resistance, in c. albicans is the ap-1-like transcription factor cap1. despite this, little is known regarding the intracellular signaling mechanisms that underlie the oxidation and activation of cap1. therefore, the aims of this study were; ( ... | 2013 | 23706023 |
| experimental biofilm-related candida infections. | we investigated the pathogenic role of biofilm and the therapeutic efficacy of anidulafungin in experimental infections of the wax moth galleria mellonella by candida albicans clinical strains. | 2013 | 23701334 |
| epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility, and pathogenicity of candida africana isolates from the united kingdom. | candida africana was previously proposed as a new species within the candida albicans species complex, together with c. albicans and c. dubliniensis, although further phylogenetic analyses better support its status as an unusual variant within c. albicans. here we show that c. africana can be distinguished from c. albicans and c. dubliniensis by pyrosequencing of a short region of its2, and we have evaluated its occurrence in clinical samples by pyrosequencing all presumptive isolates of c. albi ... | 2013 | 23303503 |
| the transmembrane protein opy2 mediates activation of the cek1 map kinase in candida albicans. | mapk pathways are conserved and complex mechanisms of signaling in eukaryotic cells. these pathways mediate adaptation to different stress conditions by a core kinase cascade that perceives changes in the environment by different upstream elements and mediates adaptation through transcription factors. in the present work, the transmembrane protein opy2 has been identified and functionally characterized in candida albicans. this protein is required to trigger cek1 phosphorylation by different sti ... | 2013 | 23149115 |
| physiologic expression of the candida albicans pescadillo homolog is required for virulence in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. | morphogenetic conversions contribute to the pathogenesis of candida albicans invasive infections. many studies to date have convincingly demonstrated a link between filamentation and virulence; however, relatively little is known regarding the role of the filament-to-yeast transition during the pathogenesis of invasive candidiasis. we previously identified the c. albicans pescadillo homolog (pes1) as essential during yeast growth and growth of lateral yeast on hyphae but not during hyphal growth ... | 2012 | 23104566 |
| effect of nutrient deprivation on the susceptibility of galleria mellonella larvae to infection. | larvae of galleria mellonella are widely used to study the virulence of microbial pathogens and for assessing the potency of antimicrobial agents. this work examined the effect of nutritional deprivation on the ability of larvae to withstand infection in order to establish standardized conditions for the treatment of larvae for in vivo testing. larvae deprived of food for seven days demonstrated an increased susceptibility to infection by the yeast candida albicans. these larvae displayed a lowe ... | 2012 | 23076277 |
| silver(i) complexes of 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid and imidazoles: synthesis, structure and antimicrobial activity. | [ag(2)(9-aca)(2)] (1) (9-acah = 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid) reacts with a series of imidazoles to give [ag(imidh)(2.3)(ch(3)cn)(0.7)](9-aca) (3), [ag(6)(imidh)(4)(9-aca)(6)(meoh)(2)] (4), {[ag(1-me-imid)(2)](2)[ag(4)(9-aca)(6)]} (5), {[ag(1-bu-imid)(2)](2)[ag(4)(9-aca)(6)]} (6) and [ag(apim)](9-aca)·h(2)o (7) (imidh = imidazole; 1-me-imid = 1-methylimidazole; 1-bu-imid = 1-butylimidazole; apim = 1-(3-aminopropyl)imidazole). the mononuclear complex 3, hexanuclear 4-6, and polymeric 7, were all c ... | 2012 | 22476383 |
| the multidrug resistance transporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2 play a role in virulence and biofilm formation in the human pathogen candida glabrata. | the mechanisms of persistence and virulence associated with candida glabrata infections are poorly understood, limiting the ability to fight this fungal pathogen. in this study, the multidrug resistance transporters cgtpo1_1 and cgtpo1_2 are shown to play a role in c. glabrata virulence. the survival of the infection model galleria mellonella, infected with c. glabrata, was found to increase upon the deletion of either cgtpo1_1 or cgtpo1_2. the underlying mechanisms were further explored. in the ... | 2017 | 27780306 |
| antifungal resistance does not necessarily affect candida glabrata fitness. | although there has been an overall good coverage of candida glabrata infections by the echinocandins, emergence of antifungal resistance during therapy has been reported. we investigated, by using an invertebrate host model, the fitness of sequential c. glabrata isolates with different echinocandins susceptibility patterns. the studied strains were isolated from a case of recurrent fungemia with a fatal outcome due to c. glabrata that developed cross-resistance to echinocandins during caspofungi ... | 2014 | 24091025 |
| galleria mellonella as a model host to study virulence of candida. | | 2014 | 24384470 |
| candida parapsilosis, candida orthopsilosis, and candida metapsilosis virulence in the non-conventional host galleria mellonella. | the incidence of fungal infections due to c. parapsilosis and closely related cryptic species (-psilosis complex) has increased in the last few years, but differences in virulence among these species have not been widely studied. fifteen clinical isolates of c. parapsilosis, c. orthopsilosis, and c. metapsilosis, including the type strains, were used to evaluate their virulence in galleria mellonella larvae. fluctuations in the hemocyte density and in the phagocytic activity were also tested. di ... | 2014 | 24193303 |
| targeted gene disruption in candida parapsilosis demonstrates a role for cpar2_404800 in adhesion to a biotic surface and in a murine model of ascending urinary tract infection. | candida parapsilosis is an emerging opportunistic pathogen, second in frequency only to c. albicans and commonly associated with both mucosal and systemic infections. adhesion to biotic surfaces is a key step for the development of mycoses. the c. parapsilosis genome encodes 5 predicted agglutinin-like sequence proteins and their precise role in the adhesion process still remains to be elucidated. in this study, we focused on the putative adhesin cpar2_404800, in view of its high homology to the ... | 2016 | 26632333 |
| candida parapsilosis resistance to fluconazole: molecular mechanisms and in vivo impact in infected galleria mellonella larvae. | candida parapsilosis is the main non-albicans candida species isolated from patients in latin america. mutations in the erg11 gene and overexpression of membrane transporter proteins have been linked to fluconazole resistance. the aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular mechanisms in fluconazole-resistant strains of c. parapsilosis isolated from critically ill patients. the identities of the nine collected c. parapsilosis isolates at the species level were confirmed through molecular ide ... | 2015 | 26259795 |
| phenotypic switching of candida tropicalis is associated with cell damage in epithelial cells and virulence in galleria mellonella model. | | 2016 | 26760314 |
| candida tropicalis antifungal cross-resistance is related to different azole target (erg11p) modifications. | candida tropicalis ranks between third and fourth among candida species most commonly isolated from clinical specimens. invasive candidiasis and candidemia are treated with amphotericin b or echinocandins as first-line therapy, with extended-spectrum triazoles as acceptable alternatives. candida tropicalis is usually susceptible to all antifungal agents, although several azole drug-resistant clinical isolates are being reported. however, c. tropicalis resistant to amphotericin b is uncommon, and ... | 2013 | 23877676 |
| the non-mammalian host galleria mellonella can be used to study the virulence of the fungal pathogen candida tropicalis and the efficacy of antifungal drugs during infection by this pathogenic yeast. | although candida tropicalis is a frequent cause of invasive fungal diseases, its interaction with the host remains poorly studied. galleria mellonella is a lepidoptera model which offers a useful tool to study virulence of different microorganisms and drug efficacy. in this work we investigated the virulence of c. tropicalis in g. mellonella at different temperatures and the efficacy of antifungal drugs in this infection model. when larvae were infected with yeast inocula suspensions of differen ... | 2013 | 23170962 |
| galleria mellonella as an in vivo model for assessing the protective activity of probiotics against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens. | the antagonistic activity against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens is an important property of probiotic bacteria and a desirable feature for pre-selection of novel strains with probiotic potential. pre-screening of candidate probiotics for antibacterial activity should be based on in vitro and in vivo tests. this study investigated whether the protective activity of probiotic bacteria against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens can be evaluated using galleria mellonella larvae as an in viv ... | 2017 | 28369512 |
| coronatin-2 from the entomopathogenic fungus conidiobolus coronatus kills galleria mellonella larvae and incapacitates hemocytes. | coronatin-2, a 14.5 kda protein, was isolated from culture filtrates of the entomopathogenic fungus conidiobolus coronatus (costantin) batko (entomophthoramycota: entomophthorales). after lc-ms/ms (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) analysis of the tryptic peptide digest of coronatin-2 and a mass spectra database search no orthologs of this protein could be found in fungi. the highest homology was observed to the partial translation elongation factor 1a from sphaerosporium equinum ( ... | 2017 | 27444104 |
| galleria mellonella as an alternative model of coxiella burnetii infection. | coxiella burnetii is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium and is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease q fever. several rodent and non-human primate models of virulent phase i c. burnetii [nine mile (nm)i] have been developed, and have been used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics and vaccine candidates. however, there are several advantages to using insect models to study host-microbe interactions, such as reduced animal use, lowered cost and ease of manipulation in high containme ... | 2014 | 24677067 |
| efficiency of bacteriophage therapy against cronobacter sakazakii in galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) larvae. | cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunistic pathogen found in milk-based powdered infant formulae, has been linked to meningitis in infants, with high fatality rates. a set of phages from various environments were purified and tested in vitro against strains of c. sakazakii. based on host range and lytic activity, the t4-like phage vb_csam_gap161, which belongs to the family myoviridae, was selected for evaluation of its efficacy against c. sakazakii. galleria mellonella larvae were used as a whole- ... | 2014 | 24705602 |
| modulation of replicative lifespan in cryptococcus neoformans: implications for virulence. | the fungal pathogen, cryptococcus neoformans, has been shown to undergo replicative aging. old cells are characterized by advanced generational age and phenotypic changes that appear to mediate enhanced resistance to host and antifungal-based killing. as a consequence of this age-associated resilience, old cells accumulate during chronic infection. based on these findings, we hypothesized that shifting the generational age of a pathogenic yeast population would alter its vulnerability to the hos ... | 2017 | 28194146 |
| synergistic effect of pedalitin and amphotericin b against cryptococcus neoformans by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. | cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection responsible for high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. combination of antifungal substances is a promising way to increase the percentage of successful treatment. pedalitin (ped) is a natural substance obtained from pterogyne nitens. the aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of ped alone and in combination with amphotericin b (amb) in vitro and in vivo against cryptococcus spp. in the in vitro assay, minimum inhibito ... | 2016 | 27742203 |
| identification and characterization of vni/vnii and novel vnii/vniv hybrids and impact of hybridization on virulence and antifungal susceptibility within the c. neoformans/c. gattii species complex. | cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii are pathogenic basidiomycetous yeasts and the commonest cause of fungal infection of the central nervous system. cryptococci are typically haploid but several inter-species, inter-varietal and intra-varietal hybrids have been reported. it has a bipolar mating system with sexual reproduction occurring normally between two individuals with opposite mating types, α and a. this study set out to characterize hybrid isolates within the c. neoformans/c. gattii spec ... | 2016 | 27764108 |
| molecular identification, antifungal resistance and virulence of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus deneoformans isolated in seville, spain. | cryptococcal meningitis is one of the leading causes of death in hiv/aids patients. our aim was to in order to characterise the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility pattern and virulence of 28 cyptococcus sp. strains recovered from 12 aids patients during two years in a spanish single institution. antifungal susceptibility testing was performed according to the clsi protocols. clinical strains were molecularly characterised by serotyping, mating type, pcr fingerprinting (m13 and gaca4 microsa ... | 2017 | 27633849 |
| corrigendum: impact of resistance to fluconazole on virulence and morphological aspects of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii isolates. | [this corrects the article on p. 153 in vol. 7, pmid: 26909069.]. | 2016 | 27148225 |
| virulence of cryptococcus sp. biofilms in vitro and in vivo using galleria mellonella as an alternative model. | cryptococcus neoformans and c. gattii are fungal pathogens that are most commonly found in infections of the central nervous system, which cause life-threatening meningoencephalitis and can grow as a biofilm. biofilms are structures conferring protection and resistance of microorganism to the antifungal drugs. this study compared the virulence of planktonic and biofilm cells of c. neoformans and c. gattii in galleria mellonella model, as well as, the quantification of gene transcripts lac1, ure1 ... | 2016 | 27014214 |
| impact of resistance to fluconazole on virulence and morphological aspects of cryptococcus neoformans and cryptococcus gattii isolates. | cryptococcus sp. are responsible for around 1 million cases of meningitis every year. fluconazole (flu) is commonly used in the treatment of cryptococcosis, mainly in immunocompromised patients and the resistance is usually reported after long periods of treatment. in this study, the morphological characterization and virulence profile of flu-susceptible and flu-resistant clinical and environmental isolates of c. neoformans and c. gattii were performed both in vitro and in vivo using the galleri ... | 2016 | 26909069 |
| characterization of the virulence of cryptococcus neoformans strains in an insect model. | | 2015 | 26364757 |
| histone deacetylases inhibitors effects on cryptococcus neoformans major virulence phenotypes. | cryptococcus neoformans undergoes phenotypical changes during host infection in order to promote persistence and survival. studies have demonstrated that such adaptations require alterations in gene transcription networks by distinct mechanisms. drugs such as the histone deacetylases inhibitors (hdaci) sodium butyrate (nabut) and trichostatin a (tsa) can alter the chromatin conformation and have been used to modulate epigenetic states in the treatment of diseases such as cancer. in this work, we ... | 2015 | 26103530 |
| cryptococcus neoformans induces antimicrobial responses and behaves as a facultative intracellular pathogen in the non mammalian model galleria mellonella. | cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated opportunistic fungal pathogen that is found in multiple niches in the environment and that can cause fatal meningoencephalitis in susceptible patients, mainly hiv+ individuals. cryptococcus also infects environmental hosts such as nematodes, insects and plants. in particular, c. neoformans can kill the lepidopteran galleria mellonella, which offers a useful tool to study microbial virulence and drug efficacy. galleria mellonella immunity relies on innat ... | 2015 | 25531532 |
| identification of aph1, a phosphate-regulated, secreted, and vacuolar acid phosphatase in cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated from patients with aids secrete acid phosphatase, but the identity and role of the enzyme(s) responsible have not been elucidated. by combining a one-dimensional electrophoresis step with mass spectrometry, a canonically secreted acid phosphatase, cnag_02944 (aph1), was identified in the secretome of the highly virulent serotype a strain h99. we created an aph1 deletion mutant (δaph1) and showed that δaph1-infected galleria mellonella and mice survived lo ... | 2014 | 25227465 |
| galleria mellonella model identifies highly virulent strains among all major molecular types of cryptococcus gattii. | cryptococcosis is mainly caused by cryptococcus neoformans. however, the number of cases due to c. gattii is increasing, affecting mainly immunocompetent hosts. c. gattii is divided into four major molecular types, vgi to vgiv, which differ in their host range, epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and geographic distribution. besides studies on the vancouver island outbreak strains, which showed that the subtype vgiia is highly virulent compared to the subtype vgiib, little is known about the ... | 2014 | 25133687 |
| capsule growth in cryptococcus neoformans is coordinated with cell cycle progression. | the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans has several virulence factors, among which the most important is a polysaccharide capsule. the size of the capsule is variable and can increase significantly during infection. in this work, we investigated the relationship between capsular enlargement and the cell cycle. capsule growth occurred primarily during the g1 phase. real-time visualization of capsule growth demonstrated that this process occurred before the appearance of the bud and that capsu ... | 2014 | 24939886 |
| reduced virulence of melanized cryptococcus neoformans in galleria mellonella. | fungal melanins are important in the virulence of many pathogenic fungi. in this study, we examined the role of melanin in the interaction between cryptococcus neoformans and the invertebrate host, galleria mellonella. c. neoformans was able to melanize in the presence of g. mellonella homogenate, indicating the presence of melanin substrates. melanization was confirmed by the recovery of acid-resistant particles that were recognized by anti-melanin antibodies. in addition, we tested the effect ... | 2014 | 24846144 |
| phospholipase c of cryptococcus neoformans regulates homeostasis and virulence by providing inositol trisphosphate as a substrate for arg1 kinase. | phospholipase c (plc) of cryptococcus neoformans (cnplc1) is crucial for virulence of this fungal pathogen. to investigate the mechanism of cnplc1-mediated signaling, we established that phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (pip(2)) is a major cnplc1 substrate, which is hydrolyzed to produce inositol trisphosphate (ip(3)). in saccharomyces cerevisiae, plc1-derived ip(3) is a substrate for the inositol polyphosphate kinase arg82, which converts ip(3) to more complex inositol polyphosphates. in t ... | 2013 | 23381992 |
| cryptococcus neoformans phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (pdk1) ortholog is required for stress tolerance and survival in murine phagocytes. | cryptococcus neoformans pkh2-01 and pkh2-02 are orthologous to mammalian pdk1 kinase genes. although orthologs of these kinases have been extensively studied in s. cerevisiae, little is known about their function in pathogenic fungi. in this study, we show that pkh2-02 but not pkh2-01 is required for c. neoformans to tolerate cell wall, oxidative, nitrosative, and antifungal drug stress. deletion of pkh2-02 leads to decreased basal levels of pkc1 activity and, consequently, reduced activation of ... | 2013 | 23087368 |
| the role for tola in enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli pathogenesis and virulence gene transcription. | loss of the periplasm spanning protein tola in escherichia coli leads to activation of the rcs phosphorelay, and is required for full virulence in gram-negative pathogens such as salmonella enterica and dickeya dadantii. this study explores the role for tola in the pathogenesis of enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec) and the effect of its mutation on the transcription of key ehec virulence genes controlled by rcs phosphorelay, including the type iii secretion system (t3ss) (espa and tir), the e. col ... | 2014 | 25448467 |
| two symbiotic bacteria of the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. against galleria mellonella. | the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis spp. is considered a promising agent in the biocontrol of injurious insects of agriculture. however, different symbiotic bacteria associated with the nematode usually have different specificity and virulence toward their own host. in this study, two symbiotic bacteria, ly2w and nk, were isolated from the intestinal canals of two entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis megidis 90 (pdsj1 and pdsj2) from galleria mellonela, separately. to determine th ... | 2017 | 27889603 |
| enhanced efficacy of imipenem-colistin combination therapy against multiple-drug-resistant enterobacter cloacae: in vitro activity and a galleria mellonella model. | to investigate the in vitro and in vivo activity of imipenem-colistin combination against multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae infections in order to determine whether it should be explored further. | 2016 | 26906264 |
| galleria mellonella as an in vivo model for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents against enterobacter cloacae infection. | enterobacter cloacae is a well-recognized nosocomial pathogen. use of a rapid, in vivo infection model for e. cloacae that can determine the efficacy of antibiotic therapies could help facilitate screening for new treatments. nonmammalian model systems of infection, such as galleria mellonella, have significant logistical and ethical advantages over mammalian models. | 2017 | 25682237 |
| efficacy of rifampicin combination therapy for the treatment of enterococcal infections assessed in vivo using a galleria mellonella infection model. | enterococci are a leading cause of healthcare-associated infection worldwide and display increasing levels of resistance to many of the commonly used antimicrobials, making treatment of their infections challenging. combinations of antibiotics are occasionally employed to treat serious infections, allowing for the possibility of synergistic killing. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different antibacterial combinations against enterococcal isolates using an in vitro approach a ... | 2017 | 28235571 |
| cinnamaldehyde inhibits staphylococcus aureus virulence factors and protects against infection in a galleria mellonella model. | bacterial resistance to the available marketed drugs has prompted the search of novel therapies; especially in regards of anti-virulence strategies that aim to make bacteria less pathogenic and/or decrease their probability to become resistant to therapy. cinnamaldehyde is widely known for its antibacterial properties through mechanisms that include the interaction of this compound with bacterial cell walls. however, only a handful of studies have addressed its effects on bacterial virulence, es ... | 2016 | 28066373 |
| the ctsr regulator controls the expression of clpc, clpe and clpp and is required for the virulence of enterococcus faecalis in an invertebrate model. | the intrinsic ruggedness of enterococcus faecalis is responsible for its widespread distribution in nature and is often viewed as an important virulence determinant. previously, we showed that the clpb atpase is negatively regulated by ctsr and is required for thermotolerance and virulence in a galleria mellonella invertebrate model. here, we used in silico, northern blot and quantitative real-time pcr analyses to identify additional members of the ctsr regulon, namely the clpp peptidase and the ... | 2016 | 27388279 |
| surface-associated lipoproteins link enterococcus faecalis virulence to colitogenic activity in il-10-deficient mice independent of their expression levels. | the commensal enterococcus faecalis is among the most common causes of nosocomial infections. recent findings regarding increased abundance of enterococci in the intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases and induction of colitis in il-10-deficient (il-10-/-) mice put a new perspective on the contribution of e. faecalis to chronic intestinal inflammation. based on the expression of virulence-related genes in the inflammatory milieu of il-10-/- mice using rna-sequencing an ... | 2015 | 26067254 |
| different extracts of zingiber officinale decrease enterococcus faecalis infection in galleria mellonella. | dried, fresh and glycolic extracts of zingiber officinale were obtained to evaluate the action against g. mellonella survival assay against enterococcus faecalis infection. eighty larvae were divided into: 1) e. faecalis suspension (control); 2) e. faecalis + fresh extract of z. officinale (feo); 3) e. faecalis + dried extract of z. officinale (deo); 4) e. faecalis + glycolic extract of z. officinale (geo); 5) phosphate buffered saline (pbs). for control group, a 5 μl inoculum of standardized su ... | 2016 | 25831098 |
| bioluminescence based biosensors for quantitative detection of enterococcal peptide-pheromone activity reveal inter-strain telesensing in vivo during polymicrobial systemic infection. | enterococcus faecalis is a significant threat in the nosocomial setting due to the emergence of isolates that are multi-antibiotic resistant, refractory to the available therapies and equipped with a variety of pathogenicity determinants. this bacterium uses quorum-sensing systems to regulate its physiological processes, including the expression of virulence traits, to adapt and proliferate within a host. here, we describe the construction and application of two bioluminescence-based reporter sy ... | 2015 | 25661457 |
| the polyamine n-acetyltransferase-like enzyme pmve plays a role in the virulence of enterococcus faecalis. | we previously showed that the mutant strain of enterococcus faecalis lacking the transcriptional regulator slya is more virulent than the parental strain. we hypothesized that this phenotype was due to overexpression of the second gene of the slya operon, ef_3001, renamed pmve (for polyamine metabolism and virulence of e. faecalis). pmve shares strong homologies with n(1)-spermidine/spermine acetyltransferase enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyamines. in this study, we used an e. faecalis ... | 2015 | 25385793 |
| activity of daptomycin or linezolid in combination with rifampin or gentamicin against biofilm-forming enterococcus faecalis or e. faecium in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model using simulated endocardial vegetations and an in vivo survival assay using galleria mellonella larvae. | enterococci are the third most frequent cause of infective endocarditis. a high-inoculum stationary-phase in vitro pharmacodynamic model with simulated endocardial vegetations was used to simulate the human pharmacokinetics of daptomycin at 6 or 10 mg/kg of body weight/day or linezolid at 600 mg every 12 h (q12h), alone or in combination with gentamicin at 1.3 mg/kg q12h or rifampin at 300 mg q8h or 900 mg q24h. biofilm-forming, vancomycin-susceptible enterococcus faecalis and vancomycin-resista ... | 2014 | 24867993 |
| enterococcus infection biology: lessons from invertebrate host models. | the enterococci are commensals of the gastrointestinal tract of many metazoans, from insects to humans. while they normally do not cause disease in the intestine, they can become pathogenic when they infect sites outside of the gut. recently, the enterococci have become important nosocomial pathogens, with the majority of human enterococcal infections caused by two species, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium. studies using invertebrate infection models have revealed insights into the ... | 2014 | 24585051 |
| cold-shock rna-binding protein cspr is also exposed to the surface of enterococcus faecalis. | cspr has been characterized recently as a cold-shock rna-binding protein in enterococcus faecalis, a natural member of the gastro-intestinal tract capable of switching from a commensal relationship with the host to an important nosocomial pathogen. in addition to its involvement in the cold-shock response, cspr also plays a role in the long-term survival and virulence of e. faecalis. in the present study, we demonstrated that anti-cspr immune rabbit serum protected larvae of galleria mellonella ... | 2013 | 23955430 |
| the cell wall-targeting antibiotic stimulon of enterococcus faecalis. | enterococcus faecalis is an opportunistic nosocomial pathogen that is highly resistant to a variety of environmental insults, including an intrinsic tolerance to antimicrobials that target the cell wall (cw). with the goal of determining the cw-stress stimulon of e. faecalis, the global transcriptional profile of e. faecalis og1rf exposed to ampicillin, bacitracin, cephalotin or vancomycin was obtained via microarrays. exposure to the β-lactams ampicillin and cephalotin resulted in the fewest tr ... | 2014 | 23755154 |
| in vivo assessment of growth and virulence gene expression during commensal and pathogenic lifestyles of luxabcde-tagged enterococcus faecalis strains in murine gastrointestinal and intravenous infection models. | cytolysin and gelatinase are prominent pathogenicity determinants associated with highly virulent enterococcus faecalis strains. in an effort to explore the expression profiles of these virulence traits in vivo, we have employed e. faecalis variants expressing the luxabcde cassette under the control of either the p16s, cytolysin, or gelatinase promoter for infections of galleria mellonella caterpillars and mice. systemic infection of g. mellonella with bioluminescence-tagged e. faecalis mmh594 r ... | 2013 | 23603680 |
| the lysozyme-induced peptidoglycan n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase pgda (ef1843) is required for enterococcus faecalis virulence. | lysozyme is a key component of the innate immune response in humans that provides a first line of defense against microbes. the bactericidal effect of lysozyme relies both on the cell wall lytic activity of this enzyme and on a cationic antimicrobial peptide activity that leads to membrane permeabilization. among gram-positive bacteria, the opportunistic pathogen enterococcus faecalis has been shown to be extremely resistant to lysozyme. this unusual resistance is explained partly by peptidoglyc ... | 2012 | 22961856 |
| construction and application of a luxabcde reporter system for real-time monitoring of enterococcus faecalis gene expression and growth. | the present work describes the construction of a novel molecular tool for luciferase-based bioluminescence (bl) tagging of enterococcus faecalis. to this end, a vector (psl101) and its derivatives conferring a genetically encoded bioluminescent phenotype on all tested strains of e. faecalis were constructed. psl101 harbors the luxabcde operon from ppl2lux and the preg696 broad-host-range replicon and axe-txe toxin-antitoxin cassette, providing segregational stability for long-term plasmid persis ... | 2012 | 22843522 |
| incongruence between the cps type 2 genotype and host-related phenotypes of an enterococcus faecalis food isolate. | enterococcus faecalis is a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen, but is also found in fermented food products where it plays a fundamental role in the fermentation process. previously, we have described the non-starter e. faecalis cheese isolate qa29b as harboring virulence genes and proven to be virulent in galleria mellonella virulence model. in this study, we further characterized this food strain concerning traits relevant for the host-pathogen relationship. qa29b was found to belong to sequenc ... | 2012 | 22831818 |
| global transcriptional analysis of the stringent response in enterococcus faecalis. | in enterococcus faecalis, production of guanosine tetraphosphate/guanosine pentaphosphate [(p)ppgpp], the effector molecule of the stringent response, is controlled by the bifunctional synthetase/hydrolase rela and the monofunctional synthetase relq. previously, the (p)ppgpp profiles of strains lacking rela, relq or both genes indicated that rela is the primary enzyme responsible for (p)ppgpp synthesis under stress conditions, while the contributions of relq to the stringent response and cell ho ... | 2012 | 22653948 |
| comparative analysis of the complete genome of an epidemic hospital sequence type 203 clone of vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | in this report we have explored the genomic and microbiological basis for a sustained increase in bloodstream infections at a major australian hospital caused by enterococcus faecium multi-locus sequence type (st) 203, an outbreak strain that has largely replaced a predecessor st17 sequence type. | 2013 | 24004955 |
| asrr is an oxidative stress sensing regulator modulating enterococcus faecium opportunistic traits, antimicrobial resistance, and pathogenicity. | oxidative stress serves as an important host/environmental signal that triggers a wide range of responses in microorganisms. here, we identified an oxidative stress sensor and response regulator in the important multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogen enterococcus faecium belonging to the marr family and called asrr (antibiotic and stress response regulator). the asrr regulator used cysteine oxidation to sense the hydrogen peroxide which results in its dissociation to promoter dna. transcriptome ... | 2012 | 22876178 |
| host and symbiont jointly control gut microbiota during complete metamorphosis. | holometabolous insects undergo a radical anatomical re-organisation during metamorphosis. this poses a developmental challenge: the host must replace the larval gut but at the same time retain symbiotic gut microbes and avoid infection by opportunistic pathogens. by manipulating host immunity and bacterial competitive ability, we study how the host galleria mellonella and the symbiotic bacterium enterococcus mundtii interact to manage the composition of the microbiota during metamorphosis. disen ... | 2015 | 26544881 |
| genomic comparative analysis of the environmental enterococcus mundtii against enterococcal representative species. | enterococcus mundtii is a yellow-pigmented microorganism rarely found in human infections. the draft genome sequence of e. mundtii was recently announced. its genome encodes at least 2,589 genes and 57 rnas, and 4 putative genomic islands have been detected. the objective of this study was to compare the genetic content of e. mundtii with respect to other enterococcal species and, more specifically, to identify genes coding for putative virulence traits present in enterococcal opportunistic path ... | 2014 | 24942651 |
| optimized expression of the antimicrobial protein gloverin from galleria mellonella using stably transformed drosophila melanogaster s2 cells. | antimicrobial proteins and peptides (amps) are valuable as leads in the pharmaceutical industry for the development of novel anti-infective drugs. here we describe the efficient heterologous expression and basic characterization of a gloverin-family amp derived from the greater wax moth galleria mellonella. highly productive single-cell clones prepared by limiting dilution achieved a 100% increase in productivity compared to the original polyclonal drosophila melanogaster s2 cell line. comprehen ... | 2017 | 28132128 |
| the wax moth galleria mellonella as a novel model system to study enteroaggregative escherichia coli pathogenesis. | | 2016 | 27824518 |
| characterization of enteropathogenic escherichia coli of clinical origin from the pediatric population in pakistan. | enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) is one of the leading causes of watery diarrhea among children. | 2016 | 27496516 |
| ultrastructural and functional characterization of circulating hemocytes from galleria mellonella larva: cell types and their role in the innate immunity. | galleria mellonella larvae have been widely used as a model to study the virulence of various human pathogens. hemocytes play important roles in the innate immune response of g. mellonella. in this study, the hemocytes of g. mellonella larvae were analyzed by transmission electron microscope, light microscope, and cytochemistry. the cytological and morphological analyses revealed four types of hemocytes; plasmatocytes, granular cells, spherule cells and oenocytoids. differential hemocyte counts ... | 2016 | 27378036 |
| impact of blandm-1 on fitness and pathogenicity of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. | the objective of this study was to determine whether acquisition of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) has an impact on the fitness and virulence of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae. growth kinetics and the cost of fitness of ndm-1 plasmid carriage were assessed in isogenic e. coli j53 and k. pneumoniae prz in vitro by pairwise competition assays. the pathogenicity of ndm-1-expressing e. coli and k. pneumoniae strains and their isogenic controls was analysed in vivo using a galler ... | 2016 | 27179815 |
| the potential of the galleria mellonella innate immune system is maximized by the co-presentation of diverse antimicrobial peptides. | antimicrobial peptides (amps) are ubiquitous components of the insect innate immune system. the model insect galleria mellonella has at least 18 amps, some of which are still uncharacterized in terms of antimicrobial activity. to determine why g. mellonella secretes a repertoire of distinct amps following an immune challenge, we selected three different amps: cecropin a (ceca), gallerimycin and cobatoxin. we found that cobatoxin was active against micrococcus luteus at a minimum inhibitory conce ... | 2016 | 27105487 |
| genetic & virulence profiling of esbl-positive e. coli from nosocomial & veterinary sources. | ctx-m genes are the most prevalent esbl globally, infiltrating nosocomial, community and environmental settings. wild and domesticated animals may act as effective vectors for the dissemination of ctx-producing enterobacteriaceae. this study aimed to contextualise blactx-m-14-positive, cephalosporin-resistant enterobacteriaceae human infections and compared resistance and pathogenicity markers with veterinary isolates. epidemiologically related human (n=18) and veterinary (n=4) blactx-m-14-posit ... | 2016 | 27016755 |
| host characteristics and bacterial traits predict experimental virulence for escherichia coli bloodstream isolates from patients with urosepsis. | background. extraintestinal escherichia coli infections are common, costly, and potentially serious. a better understanding of their pathogenesis is needed. methods. sixty-seven e coli bloodstream isolates from adults with urosepsis (seattle, wa; 1980s) underwent extensive molecular characterization and virulence assessment in 2 infection models (murine subcutaneous sepsis and moth larval lethality). statistical comparisons were made among host characteristics, bacterial traits, and experiment ... | 2015 | 26199950 |
| comparative virulence of urinary and bloodstream isolates of extra-intestinal pathogenic escherichia coli in a galleria mellonella model. | extra-intestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) are a significant cause of urinary tract infections and bacteraemia worldwide. currently no single virulence factor or expec lineage has been identified as the sole contributor to severe extra-intestinal infection and/or urosepsis. galleria mellonella has recently been established as a simple model for studying the comparative virulence of expec. in this study we investigated the virulence of 40 well-characterized expec strains, in g. mellonel ... | 2015 | 25853733 |
| in vivo horizontal gene transfer of the carbapenemase oxa-48 during a nosocomial outbreak. | oxa-48 is a highly prevalent carbapenemase and has been isolated worldwide. here, we investigate the in vivo horizontal gene transfer (hgt) of blaoxa-48 from klebsiella pneumoniae to escherichia coli in an infected patient. | 2015 | 25759432 |
| pathogenicity of pan-drug-resistant serratia marcescens harbouring blandm-1. | to characterize a pan-drug-resistant serratia marcescens clinical isolate carrying the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm)-1. | 2015 | 25468904 |
| sequence-specific antimicrobials using efficiently delivered rna-guided nucleases. | current antibiotics tend to be broad spectrum, leading to indiscriminate killing of commensal bacteria and accelerated evolution of drug resistance. here, we use crispr-cas technology to create antimicrobials whose spectrum of activity is chosen by design. rna-guided nucleases (rgns) targeting specific dna sequences are delivered efficiently to microbial populations using bacteriophage or bacteria carrying plasmids transmissible by conjugation. the dna targets of rgns can be undesirable genes or ... | 2014 | 25240928 |
| galleria mellonella infection model demonstrates high lethality of st69 and st127 uropathogenic e. coli. | galleria mellonella larvae are an alternative in vivo model for investigating bacterial pathogenicity. here, we examined the pathogenicity of 71 isolates from five leading uropathogenic e. coli (upec) lineages using g. mellonella larvae. larvae were challenged with a range of inoculum doses to determine the 50% lethal dose (ld50) and for analysis of survival outcome using kaplan-meier plots. virulence was correlated with carriage of a panel of 29 virulence factors (vf). larvae inoculated with st ... | 2014 | 25061819 |
| lysozyme and defense peptides as suppressors of phenoloxidase activity in galleria mellonella. | the prophenoloxidase (propo) cascade supplies quinones and other reactive compounds for melanin formation, protein cross-linking, hemolymph coagulation, and killing of microbial invaders as well as parasites. the high cytotoxicity of the generated compounds requires a strict control of the activation of the propo system and phenoloxidase (po) activity to minimize damage to host tissues and cells. the po activity in hemolymph of escherichia coli challenged galleria mellonella larvae increased, wi ... | 2014 | 25044335 |
| new to galleria mellonella: modeling an expec infection. | | 2014 | 24569500 |
| in vivo correlates of molecularly inferred virulence among extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) in the wax moth galleria mellonella model system. | in contrast to commensal escherichia coli, extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) strains possess an array of virulence-associated genes. we sought to establish the feasibility of using the invertebrate galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) for assessing expec virulence and to investigate the correlation between genotypic determinants of virulence and in vivo pathogenicity. we observed a correlation between the number of virulence genes and larval survival, such that expec isolates with hig ... | 2014 | 24518442 |
| cefotaxime resistant escherichia coli collected from a healthy volunteer; characterisation and the effect of plasmid loss. | in this study 6 ctx-m positive e. coli isolates collected during a clinical study examining the effect of antibiotic use in a human trial were analysed. the aim of the study was to analyse these isolates and assess the effect of full or partial loss of plasmid genes on bacterial fitness and pathogenicity. a dna array was utilised to assess resistance and virulence gene carriage. plasmids were characterised by pcr-based replicon typing and addiction system multiplex pcr. a phenotypic array and in ... | 2013 | 24386342 |
| identification, characterization and expression of a defensin-like antifungal peptide from the whitefly bemisia tabaci (gennadius) (hemiptera: aleyrodidae). | defensins are a class of small and diverse cysteine-rich proteins which have broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities. we identified and characterized a full-length cdna encoding a putative defensin-like peptide from the whitefly bemisia tabaci by race and quantitative real-time (qrt)-pcr. the full-length cdna, named btdef, was 388 bp long and contained an open reading frame of 228 bp. the putative mature btdef had 46 amino acids with a molecular weight of 5.06 kda. the deduced amino acid sequenc ... | 2013 | 23496414 |
| effect of pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase b on level and activity of immune proteins/peptides of galleria mellonella hemolymph. | abstract susceptibility of proteins and peptides present in immune hemolymph of galleria mellonella fabricius (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae to proteolytic degradation by purified elastase b of pseudomonas aeruginosa was studied. results showed that apolp-iii protein was gradually digested by elastase b in vitro. additionally, polipeptides with molecular mass 6.5 and 4 kda were degraded after treatment with the studied enzyme. the lack of these peptides and the decrease in anti-escherichia coli ... | 2012 | 23421724 |
| synergistic action of galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii and lysozyme against gram-negative bacteria. | insect immune response relies on the humoral and cellular mechanisms of innate immunity. the key factors are the antimicrobial polypeptides that act in concert against invading pathogens. several such components, e.g. apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii), lysozyme, and anionic peptide 2, are present constitutively in the hemolymph of non-challenged galleria mellonella larvae. in the present study, we demonstrate an evidence for a synergistic action of g. mellonella lysozyme and apolp-iii against gram-n ... | 2013 | 23419829 |
| the peptide chain release factor methyltransferase prmc is essential for pathogenicity and environmental adaptation of pseudomonas aeruginosa pa14. | pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity and its capability to adapt to multiple environments are dependent on the production of diverse virulence factors, controlled by the sophisticated quorum sensing (qs) network of p. aeruginosa. to better understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie this adaptation we searched for novel key regulators of virulence factor production by screening a pa14 transposon mutant library for potential candidates acting downstream of the unique 2-alkyl-4-quinolone (aq ... | 2013 | 23278968 |
| [an idp16 protein from xenorhabdus bovienii depresses the immune response in galleria mellonella]. | a protein with insect immunodepressive activity was purified from xenorhabdus bovienii, a bacterial symbiosis of entomopathogenic nematode. to determine the function of this protein in the pathogenesis of bacterium-nematode symbiosis, we detected the effect of this protein on immune response in galleria mellonella. | 2012 | 23115973 |
| [cloning, expression and insecticidal activity of the pira2b2 gene from photorhabdus luminescens tt01]. | the predicted amino acid sequence of locus plu4437-plu4436 in the genome of photorhabdus luminescens tt01 (referred to as pira2b2) has a consistency of 50% and 45% with locus plu4093-plu4092 (referred to as pira1b1) , respectively. pira1b1 has been confirmed with oral insecticidal activity against plutella xylostella and mosquito. the purpose of the present study was to examine whether pira2b2 possesses insecticidal activity. | 2012 | 22799220 |
| characterization of the apolp-iii/lps complex: insight into the mode of binding interaction. | apolipoproteins are able to associate with lipopolysaccharides (lps), potentially providing protection against septic shock. to gain insight into the molecular details of this binding interaction, apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii) from galleria mellonella was used as a model. the binding of apolp-iii to lps was optimal around 37-40 °c, close to the lps phase transition temperature. apolp-iii formed complexes with lps from e. coli (serotype o55:b5) with a diameter of ~20 nm and a molecular weight of ... | 2012 | 22779761 |
| steinernema glaseri surface enolase: molecular cloning, biological characterization, and role in host immune suppression. | entomopathogenic nematodes are widely used as biological control agents that can suppress or evade the host immune defense upon entry into insects. the surface coat of steinernema glaseri has been shown to play important roles in defeating the host immune system. in this work, a protein fraction with antiphagocytic activity was separated by electro-elution and further analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). lc-ms/ms analysis of one protein spot from a 2-de gel gave five peptides that ... | 2012 | 22750626 |
| recombinant expression and insecticidal properties of a conus ventricosus conotoxin-gst fusion protein. | a novel conotoxin, conotoxin vn2, was recently isolated from the venom of conus ventricosus, a worm-hunting cone snail species living in the mediterranean sea. analysis of conotoxin vn2 amino acid sequence suggested that it is a member of the o1 superfamily of conotoxins. conotoxin vn2 displays quite a high degree of sequence similarity with bioactive peptides targeting calcium channels and in particular with the ω conotoxin pnvib, extracted from the venom of the molluscivorous cone snail conus ... | 2012 | 22728460 |
| synergistic action of galleria mellonella anionic peptide 2 and lysozyme against gram-negative bacteria. | lysozyme and antimicrobial peptides are key factors of the humoral immune response in insects. in the present work lysozyme and anionic defense peptide (gmap2) were isolated from the hemolymph of the greater wax moth galleria mellonella and their antibacterial activity was investigated. adsorption of g. mellonella lysozyme on the cell surface of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria was demonstrated using immunoblotting with anti-g. mellonella lysozyme antibodies. lysozyme effectively inhibit ... | 2012 | 22705262 |
| purification and cdna cloning of a cecropin-like peptide from the great wax moth, galleria mellonella. | a cecropin-like antimicrobial peptide, gm cecropin, was purified from hemolymph of larvae of the wax moth, galleria mellonella, immunized against e. coli, and its antibacterial activity was examined in a radial diffusion assay. the molecular mass of gm cecropin was 4,160.69 da by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. the full-length cdna of the gm cecropin precursor was cloned by a combination of rt-pcr, based on the n-terminal sequence obtained b ... | 2004 | 15179040 |
| the lipid composition of legionella dumoffii membrane modulates the interaction with galleria mellonella apolipophorin iii. | apolipophorin iii (apolp-iii), an insect homologue of human apolipoprotein e (apoe), is a widely used model protein in studies on protein-lipid interactions, and anti-legionella activity of galleria mellonella apolp-iii has been documented. interestingly, exogenous choline-cultured legionella dumoffii cells are considerably more susceptible to apolp-iii than non-supplemented bacteria. in order to explain these differences, we performed, for the first time, a detailed analysis of l. dumoffii lipi ... | 2016 | 27094351 |