| a systematic overview of published antimalarial drug trials. | systematic database searches identified 435 antimalarial drug treatment trials, involving 82,616 patients, conducted and published between 1966 and december 2002. of these trials 72% were randomised; 64 (15%) trials involved severe malaria, 47 (11%) studied plasmodium vivax, 3 plasmodium malariae or plasmodium ovale, and the remainder (74%) assessed treatment responses in uncomplicated falciparum malaria. twelve trials (2.7%) specifically evaluated antimalarial treatments in pregnant women. over ... | 2004 | 14964805 |
| malaria relapse and recrudescence among travellers to the tropics. | this study describes 14 cases of relapse and recrudescence of malaria, treated between 1991 and 2003. in that period, 146 patients were hospitalized in the clinic of the institute in gdynia: 20 women and 126 men. in 103 cases the disease was caused by plasmodium falciparum, in 31 cases by plasmodium vivax, in 5 cases by plasmodium malariae, and in 2 cases by plasmodium ovale. five patients were found to have mixed infections, with either p. falciparum and p. vivax or p. falciparum and p. ovale. ... | 2003 | 14974782 |
| miasma, malaria, and method. | | 2001 | 14993363 |
| transfusion-transmitted malaria: unpreventable by current donor exclusion guidelines? | | 2004 | 14996210 |
| a binding site for highly sulfated heparan sulfate is identified in the n terminus of the circumsporozoite protein: significance for malarial sporozoite attachment to hepatocytes. | circumsporozoite protein (csp) coats the malarial sporozoite and functions to target the liver for infection, which is the first step to developing malaria. an important tissue ligand for csp is the glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate (hs) found on the surface of hepatocytes and in the basement membrane of the space of disse. to better understand this efficient targeting process, we set out to identify and characterize the hs binding site(s) of csp. we synthesized a series of peptides correspondin ... | 2004 | 15007056 |
| a large focus of naturally acquired plasmodium knowlesi infections in human beings. | about a fifth of malaria cases in 1999 for the kapit division of malaysian borneo had routinely been identified by microscopy as plasmodium malariae, although these infections appeared atypical and a nested pcr assay failed to identify p malariae dna. we aimed to investigate whether such infections could be attributable to a variant form of p malariae or a newly emergent plasmodium species. | 2004 | 15051281 |
| evaluation of a new plate hybridization assay for the laboratory diagnosis of imported malaria in italy. | a new molecular diagnostic method "malaria-ibridogen" (amplimedical s.p.a.--bioline division, turin, italy) based on a plate-hybridization assay for the simultaneous detection and identification of human malaria parasites was evaluated in this study. a target dna sequence of the plasmodial 18s ribosomal rna gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and hybridized in microtiter wells with five biotinylated probes each specific for plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax, p. malariae, p. ovale ... | 2004 | 15164627 |
| quantification of plasmodium malariae infection in mosquito vectors. | plasmodium malariae occurs in various tropical regions throughout the world and causes low, yet significant, levels of morbidity in human populations. one means of studying the ecology and frequency of this parasite is by measuring sporozoite loads in the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes. an effective, species-specific test that can be used to detect the presence of sporozoites in mosquitoes is the circumsporozoite elisa. the aim of the present study was to standardize the circumsporozoite ... | 2004 | 15257796 |
| concurrent hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly and quartan malarial nephropathy - plasmodium malariae revisited. | | 2004 | 15257958 |
| recombinant expression and enzymatic subsite characterization of plasmepsin 4 from the four plasmodium species infecting man. | plasmepsin 4 from plasmodium falciparum and orthologs from plasmodium malariae, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium vivax have been expressed in recombinant form, and properties of the active site of each enzyme characterized by kinetic analysis. a panel of chromogenic peptide substrates systematically substituted at the p3, p2, p2' and p3' positions was used to estimate enzyme/ligand interactions in the corresponding enzyme subsites based upon kinetic data. the kinetic parameters kcat, km and kcat/ ... | 2004 | 15287591 |
| the hazard of malarial nephropathy. | renal damage in malaria occurs as a result of two distinct mechanisms: microcirculatory disturbance, which is confined to falciparum malaria, and immunological damage through the deposition of soluble immune complexes. quartan malarial nephropathy, due to plasmodium malariae, is a progressive disease ending in chronic, hypertensive, renal failure. the disease seems most prevalent in adolescents, placing a heavy burden on the health services of developing countries where falciparum malaria is end ... | 1986 | 15462793 |
| [make your own diagnosis, first and second part]. | | 2004 | 15495591 |
| detection of four plasmodium species in blood from humans by 18s rrna gene subunit-based and species-specific real-time pcr assays. | there have been reports of increasing numbers of cases of malaria among migrants and travelers. although microscopic examination of blood smears remains the "gold standard" in diagnosis, this method suffers from insufficient sensitivity and requires considerable expertise. to improve diagnosis, a multiplex real-time pcr was developed. one set of generic primers targeting a highly conserved region of the 18s rrna gene of the genus plasmodium was designed; the primer set was polymorphic enough int ... | 2004 | 15583293 |
| prevalence of parasitic diseases among nomadic fulanis of south-eastern nigeria. | a study was carried out to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections among the nomadic fulanis of south-eastern nigeria between september 2003-march 2004. urine, stool and blood specimens were collected from each of 231 subjects. of these, 98 (42.4%) were infected with one or more of 14 parasitic species, of which plasmodium malariae had the highest prevalence (15.3%). others included 6 intestinal helminth parasites: ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, strongyloides stercoralis, schistosoma m ... | 2004 | 15627328 |
| plasmodium malariae. | | 2004 | 15673945 |
| [the mastering and maintenance of skills at the parasitological diagnosis of malaria in nonendemic areas]. | the paper describes a method for mastering and maintaining skills at the parasitological diagnosis of malaria. the number of educational blood smears, which are to be studied to develop reliable skills at the detection of malaria parasites in the smear preparations showing different level of parasitemia, has been determined. it has been ascertained that parasites that develop with the use of antimalaria drugs may be reliably detected by a skilled parasitologist who constantly uses his experience ... | 2004 | 15689140 |
| active-site specificity of digestive aspartic peptidases from the four species of plasmodium that infect humans using chromogenic combinatorial peptide libraries. | two targeted chromogenic octapeptide combinatorial libraries, comprised of 38 pools each containing 361 different peptides, were used to analyze the enzyme/substrate interactions of five plasmepsins. the first library (p1 library) was based on a good synthetic aspartic peptidase substrate [westling, j., cipullo, p., hung, s. h., saft, h., dame, j. b., and dunn, b. m. (1999) protein sci. 8, 2001-2009; scarborough, p. e., and dunn, b. m. (1994) protein eng. 7, 495-502] and had the sequence lys-pro ... | 2005 | 15697202 |
| fourteen-year experience with imported malaria. | geographical position, an increasing flow of immigrants and refugees coming from regions where malaria is endemic might further increase those cases of malaria imported to calabria due to travel on military missions, visiting relatives, business and leisure. however, few reports have been published regarding malaria imported into the southern italian region of calabria. based on data from our laboratory, official reports received from the italian ministry of health and regional health offices, a ... | 2004 | 15711132 |
| evaluation of an immunochromatography test for malaria diagnosis under different storage conditions. | this study aimed to evaluate the second-generation optimal test for malaria diagnosis under various storage conditions. it detected all the positive samples, except for two plasmodium malariae samples. further research evaluating diverse environmental conditions are important for ict test applicability in brazilian malaria areas. | 2005 | 15821800 |
| the epidemiology of malaria in bolifamba, a rural community on the eastern slopes of mount cameroon: seasonal variation in the parasitological indices of transmission. | the prevalences of malarial parasitaemia, fever, splenomegaly and anaemia and the levels of parasitaemia were investigated, through part of one wet season (in 2001) and the following dry season (in 2002), in 2157 subjects in the village of bolifamba, in south-western cameroon. overall, 55.9% of the villagers checked in the wet season but only 49.5% of those examined in the dry season were found smear-positive for malaria (p<0.0001). rainfall was found to be significantly associated with the mean ... | 2005 | 15829131 |
| [relapse of plasmodium malariae malaria 20 years after living in an endemic area]. | malaria has been eradicated in tunisia since 1979. although it continues to be evoked in the case of fever after travel to an endemic zone, its diagnosis is however difficult during relapses, notably when they are delayed. | 2005 | 15859572 |
| identification of human malaria parasites and detection of mixed infection in thai patients by nested pcr. | the species-specific nested pcr previously described by snounou and others, for detecting the four species of human malaria parasites, is evaluated in the current study testing 40 blood samples from malaria patients admitted during july-september, 2003, at the hospital for tropical diseases, faculty of tropical medicine, mahidol university, thailand. parasite dna of each blood sample was extracted and purified by qiaamp. dna mini kit. nested pcr was performed using genus-specific primers for the ... | 2004 | 15906626 |
| plasmodium species mixed infections in two areas of manhiça district, mozambique. | we compared the distribution patterns of individual plasmodium species and mixed-species infections in two geographically close endemic areas, but showing environmental differences. comparisons concerned circulating plasmodium infections in both human and mosquito vector populations in the dry and wet seasons, at a micro-epidemiological level (households). both areas revealed a very high overall prevalence of infection, all year-round and in all age groups. plasmodium falciparum was the predomin ... | 2005 | 16094461 |
| epidemiology of highland malaria in western kenya. | to investigate the epidemiology of falciparum malaria in workers from a highland tea plantation in western kenya with very seasonally limited malaria transmission to determine what factors are associated with increased risk of malaria transmission in the kenyan highlands. | 2003 | 16167741 |
| current status of malaria control. | malaria caused by plasmodium parasites kills approximately 1-3 million people and causes disease in 300-500 million people annually throughout the world. the current approaches to curtail this disease include vector control, vaccination, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. the vector control is achieved by reducing vector density, interrupting their life cycle, and creating a barrier between the human host and mosquitoes. a number of vaccine candidates are being clinically tried and r&d effort in th ... | 2005 | 16248819 |
| opinion: antibody-based therapies for malaria. | antibodies are multifunctional glycoproteins that are found in blood and tissue fluids, and can protect against malaria by binding and neutralizing malaria parasites and preparing them for destruction by immune cells. important technical advances mean that it is now possible to synthesize antibodies against important plasmodium antigens that could be used for therapeutic purposes. these reagents could be designed to act like a drug and kill parasites directly, or could be used in vaccine strateg ... | 2005 | 16261172 |
| the lure of life cycles: cyril garnham and the malaria parasites of primates. | | 2005 | 16310748 |
| [mtdna of parasites]. | | 2005 | 16318326 |
| sickle cell disease and hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly (hms) in young immigrants from africa. | | 2005 | 16326982 |
| [a history of malaria from and for a popular point of view]. | the author outlines parasitologic features of human plasmodia and anopheles, the public health and human aspects of this protozoan infection. starting from the etymology of the words "mal' aria," the author describes a brief but proven history of social importance, dwelling not only on the clinical, medical or scientific aspects. in other words, the author dwells upon the literary, the customary, as well as on the historic and cultural aspects, with special attention to the significance of the p ... | 2005 | 16388283 |
| association of haptoglobin levels with age, parasite density, and haptoglobin genotype in a malaria-endemic area of gabon. | haptoglobin (hp) levels were investigated in relation to host genotype in a malaria-endemic area in gabon. a cross-sectional study of 1-12-year-old children was conducted in the rainy season, a period of high malaria transmission, to examine this relationship. variables that influenced hp levels were hp genotype, location, and age interacting with parasite density. at low parasite densities, there was a negative correlation between hp levels and age. at higher densities, there was a positive cor ... | 2006 | 16407342 |
| patterns of imported malaria at the academic medical center, amsterdam, the netherlands. | in the netherlands, cases of imported malaria peaked in the late 1990s to around 500 (60% plasmodium falciparum) annually. about 30% to 40% of all cases and 57% to 69% of the falciparum cases presented in the academic medical center, amsterdam. in 1991 to 1994, a shift in population groups to more semi-immune patients, mostly settled immigrants visiting friends and relatives (vfrs), was noticed, when compared to 1979 to 1988. this study shows the ongoing trend in 2000 to 2002. | 2006 | 16412103 |
| epidemiology of travel-related malaria in a non-malarious area in saudi arabia. | the study describes the epidemiology of malaria in the eastern province of saudi arabia and the species of plasmodium causing the disease and the associated factors. | 2006 | 16432601 |
| malaria: a 10-year (1994-2003) retrospective study at university malaya medical center (ummc), kuala lumpur, malaysia. | malaria is still one of the most important vector-borne diseases in malaysia, particularly in remote areas. this retrospective study was carried out to find the prevalence of malaria among patients admitted to ummc kuala lumpur, from 1994-2003. a total of 86 malaria cases were analyzed. most cases occurred among foreigners [57% (49 cases)] while malaysians constituted 43% (37 cases). among foreigners, indonesians constituted the most [57% (28 cases)]. among malaysians, most cases occurred among ... | 2005 | 16438181 |
| real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the rapid detection and characterization of chloroquine-resistant plasmodium falciparum malaria in returned travelers. | imported drug-resistant malaria is a growing problem in industrialized countries. rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to prevent malaria-associated mortality in returned travelers. however, outside of a limited number of specialized centers, the microscopic diagnosis of malaria is slow, unreliable, and provides little information about drug resistance. molecular diagnostics have the potential to overcome these limitations. | 2006 | 16447106 |
| [mechanism and risk for recognition of protozoan parasites in phagocytotic process]. | | 2006 | 16457204 |
| [congenital malaria as a result of plasmodium malariae in an infant born to a hiv-seropositive woman]. | congenital malaria is uncommon in france. the purpose of this report is to describe a case involving a six-week-old infant who was hospitalized with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombopenia. thick and thin blood smears were positive for plasmodium malariae. the infant responded favorably to chloroquine. based on this experience, we performed a search of the literature to find case reports on congenital malaria in france and compare clinical and epidemiologic data with series reported i ... | 2005 | 16465819 |
| plasmodium malariae malaria--a case report. | the tropical zone is the endemic home for all malarial parasites. plasmodium vivax and plasmodium falciparum are the species that are prevalent commonly in india. plasmodium malariae is a parasite of both the tropical and subtropical zones, especially west and east africa, guiana and parts of india, but its presence in various zones tends to be patchy. in karnataka state, its prevalence is rare. a case of plasmodium malariae malaria from st john's medical college, bangalore in the background of ... | 2005 | 16498762 |
| structure of the aspartic protease plasmepsin 4 from the malarial parasite plasmodium malariae bound to an allophenylnorstatine-based inhibitor. | the malarial parasite continues to be one of the leading causes of death in many developing countries. with the development of resistance to the currently available treatments, the discovery of new therapeutics is imperative. currently, the plasmepsin enzymes found in the food vacuole of the parasite are a chief target for drug development. allophenylnorstatine-based compounds originally designed to inhibit hiv-1 protease have shown efficacy against all four plasmepsin enzymes found in the food ... | 2006 | 16510971 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of the aspartic protease plasmepsin 4 from the malarial parasite plasmodium malariae. | plasmepsin 4 from the malarial parasite plasmodium malariae (pmpm4) is a member of the plasmepsins (plasmodium pepsins), a subfamily of the pepsin-like aspartic proteases whose ortholog in the malarial parasite p. falciparum is involved in hemoglobin digestion in its digestive vacuole. crystals of pmpm4 in complex with the small-molecule inhibitor ag1776 have been grown from a precipitant of 15% peg 4000 and 200 mm ammonium sulfate in 100 mm sodium acetate ph 4.5. x-ray diffraction data were col ... | 2005 | 16511002 |
| will a global subsidy of new antimalarials delay the emergence of resistance and save lives? | artemisinin-based combination treatments (acts) are seen as an important tool in the global effort to roll back malaria. with parasite resistance to chloroquine increasing rapidly in many parts of the world, there is greater recognition of the need for a globally coordinated strategy to ensure that artemisinins are not used as monotherapy, which has the potential to cut short their useful therapeutic life. we find that even a partial subsidy could delay the emergence of resistance and that a del ... | 2006 | 16522574 |
| [malaria. primary symptoms: fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea]. | | 2006 | 16523989 |
| mixed plasmodium falciparum-plasmodium malariae infection and hemoglobin sc disease: a case report. | in today's society, immigration and travel has resulted in large-scale population movements. this poses an additional challenge to the clinician when he or she takes the patient's history. the differential diagnosis of any presentation would need to include any diseases endemic to the area where the patient had been in. ghana is considered a holoendemic high-risk area for the transmission of malaria. moreover, compound heterozygous inheritance of hemoglobin (hb) s and hbc often occurs in this ar ... | 2006 | 16553599 |
| [mixed infection of plasmodium malariae and plasmodium falciparum]. | | 2005 | 16566203 |
| malaria in wanokaka and loli sub-districts, west sumba district, east nusa tenggara province, indonesia. | malaria has long been known as one of the major public health problems in west sumba district, east nusa tenggara province, indonesia. to obtain baseline data for establishment of a suitable malaria control program in the area, malariometric surveys were conducted in two sub-districts, wanokaka and loli, during the periods of january, may, and august 2005. the survey included three selected villages in each sub-district, and blood smear analyses of 701, 921, and 894 randomly selected subjects in ... | 2006 | 16687671 |
| diagnosis of mixed plasmodium malariae and p. vivax infection in a development aid volunteer by examination of bone-marrow specimens by real-time pcr. | mixed plasmodium malariae and p. vivax infections in humans are reported very infrequently. the case of a 27-year-old male who sustained malaria quartana/tertiana caused by an unbalanced mixed p. malariae-p. vivax infection is reported here. conventional tests and serology for malarial parasites were uniformly negative. identification and quantification of the parasites were accomplished by examining bone-marrow specimens using specific real-time taqman pcr. | 2006 | 16757648 |
| moderate transmission but high prevalence of malaria in madagascar. | malaria transmission remains poorly documented in areas of low transmission. a study has been carried out over two consecutive years in analamiranga, a village located at an altitude of 885m on the western edge of the malagasy highlands, with the aim of generating and updating malariometric indexes for both mosquitoes and schoolchildren. in this village, no vector control measures were performed during the study period nor during previous decades. mosquitoes were collected monthly when landing o ... | 2006 | 16842796 |
| malaria. "one step forward, two steps back". | | 2006 | 16866216 |
| [twentieth report from the who expert commitee on malaria. who technical report no. 892, geneva, 2000, 71 pp]. | | 2000 | 16886336 |
| identification and typing of cameroonian isolates of p. malariae using monoclonal antibodies against p. brasilianum. | in the present study, monoclonal antibodies raised against plasmodium brasilianum were used to demonstrate, for the first time, antigenic diversity in natural populations of plasmodium malariae isolates and as diagnostic tool to detect low parasitaemia p. malariae infection. seventeen mcabs reacting by indirect immunoflorescence antibody (ifa) assay with no other plasmodium species than p. brasilianum, were shown to react with p. malariae and were used for typing 29 p. malariae isolates from hyp ... | 2006 | 16962978 |
| detection and identification of human plasmodium species with real-time quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. | decisions concerning malaria treatment depend on species identification causing disease. microscopy is most frequently used, but at low parasitaemia (<20 parasites/mul) the technique becomes less sensitive and time consuming. rapid diagnostic tests based on plasmodium antigen detection do often not allow for species discrimination as microscopy does, but also become insensitive at <100 parasites/microl. | 2006 | 17018138 |
| report of a case of congenital malaria plasmodium malariae in france. | congenital malaria (cm) has been considered to be rare, even in malaria-endemic areas but the disease can result in significant neonatal morbidity. because of its rarity, the disease may go undiagnosed for a prolonged period in a seriously ill infant. we report the first case of plasmodium malariae cm from a hiv mother. hiv could have facilitated the transfer of erythrocytic persistent p. malariae through the placenta to the fetus. | 2006 | 17030531 |
| computational analysis of plasmepsin iv bound to an allophenylnorstatine inhibitor. | the plasmepsin proteases from the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum are attracting attention as putative drug targets. a recently published crystal structure of plasmodium malariae plasmepsin iv bound to an allophenylnorstatine inhibitor [clemente, j.c. et al. (2006) acta crystallogr. d 62, 246-252] provides the first structural insights regarding interactions of this family of inhibitors with plasmepsins. the compounds in this class are potent inhibitors of hiv-1 protease, but also show nm ... | 2006 | 17045991 |
| space-time clustering of childhood malaria at the household level: a dynamic cohort in a mali village. | spatial and temporal heterogeneities in the risk of malaria have led the who to recommend fine-scale stratification of the epidemiological situation, making it possible to set up actions and clinical or basic researches targeting high-risk zones. before initiating such studies it is necessary to define local patterns of malaria transmission and infection (in time and in space) in order to facilitate selection of the appropriate study population and the intervention allocation. the aim of this st ... | 2006 | 17118176 |
| malaria epidemiology in low-endemicity areas of the atlantic forest in the vale do ribeira, são paulo, brazil. | we describe a seroepidemiological survey of malaria prevalence in two areas of low endemicity: intervales state park and alto ribeira state tourist park (petar). both are located in the vale do ribeira in the state of são paulo, brazil. in this study, 318 subjects from both areas had their blood analyzed for the presence of malaria parasites by thin and thick blood smears. one hundred and sixty-three (51.2%) of the subjects were from intervales state park and 155 (48.7%) were from petar. we anal ... | 2006 | 17126279 |
| characterization and application of multiple genetic markers for plasmodium malariae. | plasmodium malariae, a protozoan parasite that causes malaria in humans, has a global distribution in tropical and subtropical regions and is commonly found in sympatry with other plasmodium species of humans. little is known about the genetics or population structure of p. malariae. in the present study, we describe polymorphic genetic markers for p. malariae and present the first molecular epidemiological data for this parasite. six microsatellite or minisatellite markers were validated using ... | 2007 | 17140466 |
| evaluation of a real-time pcr assay for malaria diagnosis in patients from vietnam and in returned travellers. | real-time pcr diagnosis of malaria has advantages over traditional microscopic methods, especially when parasitaemia is low and when dealing with mixed infections. we have developed a new real-time pcr with specific genes in each plasmodium species present only in one copy to identify the four pathogenic plasmodium spp. for humans. the sensitivity was less than 25 parasites/microl. no cross-hybridisation was observed with human dna or among the four plasmodium spp. using lightcycler pcr and conv ... | 2007 | 17150235 |
| comparison of pcr and microscopy for the detection of asymptomatic malaria in a plasmodium falciparum/vivax endemic area in thailand. | the main objective of this study was to compare the performance of nested pcr with expert microscopy as a means of detecting plasmodium parasites during active malaria surveillance in western thailand. | 2006 | 17169142 |
| minor liver profile dysfunctions in plasmodium vivax, p. malaria and p. ovale patients and normalization after treatment. | liver function tests were performed in 61 vivax, 54 malariae and 15 ovale malaria patients who were admitted to bangkok hospital for tropical diseases between 2001 and 2004. the objective of the study was to evaluate changes in hepatic biochemical indices before and after treatment with artemisinin derivatives. on admission and prior to treatment, hepatic dysfunction was found among the 3 groups. serum liver function tests and physical examinations were performed weekly during the 28-day follow- ... | 2006 | 17170571 |
| outpatient treatment of malaria in recently arrived african migrants. | to describe the clinical features and management of african migrants recently arrived in western australia and subsequently diagnosed with malaria. | 2006 | 17181500 |
| malaria-induced renal damage: facts and myths. | malaria infections repeatedly have been reported to induce nephrotic syndrome and acute renal failure. questions have been raised whether the association of a nephrotic syndrome with quartan malaria was only coincidental, and whether the acute renal failure was a specific or unspecific consequence of plasmodium falciparum infection. this review attempts to answer questions about "chronic quartan malaria nephropathy" and "acute falciparum malaria nephropathy". the literature review was performed ... | 2007 | 17205283 |
| parasitological and clinical efficacy of standard treatment regimens against plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae in papua new guinea. | resistance of plasmodium falciparum (pf) and p. vivax (pv) to standard antimalarials is widespread in papua new guinea (png). the objective of the study was to assess the rate of clinical treatment failure (tf) and parasite resistance to amodiaquine (aq), chloroquine (cq) and quinine+sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (q+sp) for malaria in a rural health centre of the east sepik province. 179 patients presenting with symptoms and signs of malaria and with pf (144 patients), pv (18 patients), p. malariae ... | 2005 | 17212060 |
| malaria control in papua new guinea results in complex epidemiological changes. | with a renewed interest in large-scale malaria interventions, knowledge about the possible long-term effects of such interventions on the nature of malaria transmission is essential. we document complex changes in malaria epidemiology over the last 40 years associated with changing malaria control activities in karimui, an isolated area in papua new guinea. an initially equal distribution of plasmodium falciparum, p. vivax and p. malariae changed to currently 68% p. falciparum, after passing thr ... | 2005 | 17212061 |
| uk malaria treatment guidelines. | malaria is the tropical disease most commonly imported into the uk, with 1500-2000 cases reported each year, and 10-20 deaths. approximately three-quarters of reported malaria cases in the uk are caused by plasmodium falciparum, which is capable of invading a high proportion of red blood cells and rapidly leading to severe or life-threatening multi-organ disease. most non-falciparum malaria cases are caused by plasmodium vivax; a few cases are caused by the other two species of plasmodium: plasm ... | 2007 | 17215045 |
| childhood nephrotic syndrome: change in pattern and response to steroids. | in our center, childhood nephrotic syndrome (ns) had been reported for over a decade to be steroid sensitive contrary to reports in other parts of nigeria. the purpose of this study was to determine if there are changes in presentation and response to steroids, with reviews of the literature on ns. | 2006 | 17225845 |
| eosinophilic glomerulonephritis in children in southwestern uganda. | acute renal disease is common in sub-saharan africa, with high mortality. its etiology is poorly understood; quartan malaria owing to plasmodium malariae was implicated in previous series. few previous studies have included histological data; furthermore, much of the literature pre-dates the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) epidemic. we report prospective analysis of acute proteinuric renal disease in children in rural uganda. clinical and laboratory data are presented on 65 patients (aged 2-1 ... | 2007 | 17228362 |
| community-randomized trial of lambdacyhalothrin-treated hammock nets for malaria control in yanomami communities in the amazon region of venezuela. | we conducted a community-randomized controlled trial in an area of moderate malaria transmission in the amazon region, southern venezuela, home of the yanomami indigenous ethnic group. the aim was to compare the malaria incidence rate in villages with lambdacyhalothrin-treated hammock nets (ithn) or with placebo-treated hammock nets (pthn). in both arms of the study, intensive surveillance for early case detection was maintained and prompt malaria treatment was administered. baseline data were c ... | 2007 | 17313511 |
| qualitative comparison of qualitative buffy coat and light microscopy in malaria diagnosis. | | 2007 | 17326900 |
| epidemiologic aspects of the malaria transmission cycle in an area of very low incidence in brazil. | extra-amazonian autochthonous plasmodium vivax infections have been reported in mountainous regions surrounded by the atlantic forest in espírito santo state, brazil. | 2007 | 17371598 |
| [malaria in mangrove areas of the saloum delta (senegal)]. | this study of malaria biodiversity in senegal used an entomological approach that combined parasite surveys and clinical investigations in the mangrove area of the saloum delta from 1996 to 1998. the parasitologic studies took place in two of the six villages in the coastal area of palmarin (djifère and diakhanor) during three distinct periods: at the end of the dry season, in the middle of the rainy season, and at the end of the rainy season. the clinical investigations at the palmarin health s ... | 2006 | 17446158 |
| plasmodium malariae and plasmodium ovale--the "bashful" malaria parasites. | although plasmodium malariae was first described as an infectious disease of humans by golgi in 1886 and plasmodium ovale identified by stevens in 1922, there are still large gaps in our knowledge of the importance of these infections as causes of malaria in different parts of the world. they have traditionally been thought of as mild illnesses that are caused by rare and, in case of p. ovale, short-lived parasites. however, recent advances in sensitive pcr diagnosis are causing a re-evaluation ... | 2007 | 17459775 |
| transcriptional analysis of an immune-responsive serine protease from indian malarial vector, anopheles culicifacies. | the main vector for transmission of malaria in india is the anopheles culicifacies mosquito species, a naturally selected subgroup of which is completely refractory (r) to transmission of the malaria parasite, plasmodium vivax; | 2007 | 17502004 |
| plasmodium malariae in haitian refugees, jamaica. | since 1963, reported malaria transmission in haiti has been restricted to plasmodium falciparum. however, screening of haitian refugees in jamaica in 2004, by microscopic examination, identified p. falciparum, p. vivax, and p. malariae. pcr confirmed the p. malariae and p. falciparum but not p. vivax infections. dna sequencing and rrna gene sequences showed transmission of p. malariae. this report confirms that p. malariae is still being transmitted in haiti. | 2007 | 17553241 |
| prevalence and level of antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of human malaria parasites in five states of the amazon region of brazil. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of malaria infection and antibodies against the repetitive epitopes of the circumsporozoite (cs) proteins of plasmodium falciparum, p. malariae, p. vivax vk210, p. vivax vk247, and p. vivax-like in individuals living in the states of rondônia, pará, mato grosso, amazonas, and acre. active malaria transmission was occurring in all studied sites, except in acre. p. falciparum was the predominant species in pará and rondônia and p. vivax in mato ... | 2007 | 17568943 |
| comparative features and outcomes of malaria at a tertiary care hospital in karachi, pakistan. | a comparison of clinical and laboratory features, diagnostic methods, drug treatment, and outcomes for patients hospitalized with malaria by plasmodium species. | 2008 | 17576086 |
| gametocytemia and fever in human malaria infections. | we examine the charts of 408 malaria-naive neurosyphilis patients given malaria therapy at the south carolina usphs facility, with daily records encompassing at least 93% of the duration of infection, and focus on the 152 patients infected with the st. elizabeth strain of plasmodium vivax, 82 with the mclendon strain of plasmodium filciparum, 36 with the usphs strain of plasmodium malariae, and 15 with the donaldson strain of plasmodium ovale in whom gametocytes appeared before drug, or other, i ... | 2007 | 17626355 |
| epidemiology, pathophysiology, management and outcome of renal dysfunction associated with plasmodia infection. | malaria remains a serious health problem in many parts of the world. it causes high morbidity and claims many lives in developing countries each year. humans are generally infected by four species of malaria parasites. however, malaria infection caused by plasmodium malariae or p. falciparum is recognized as an important cause of acute renal failure (arf) and other renal-related disorders (nephropathy) in infected patients. the increasing incidence of malarial arf (marf) and the emergence of cli ... | 2007 | 17628830 |
| genetic analysis of the dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase gene from geographically diverse isolates of plasmodium malariae. | plasmodium malariae, the parasite responsible for quartan malaria, is transmitted in most areas of malaria endemicity and is associated with significant morbidity. the sequence of the gene coding for the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase (dhfr-ts) was obtained from field isolates of p. malariae and from the closely related simian parasite plasmodium brasilianum. the two sequences were nearly 100% homologous, adding weight to the notion that they represent genetically distinct l ... | 2007 | 17682097 |
| comparison of quantitative buffy coat technique (qbc) with giemsa-stained thick film (gtf) for diagnosis of malaria. | the renewed interest in the use of fluorescent microscopy for malaria diagnosis prompted the comparison of quantitative buffy coat technique (qbc) with the old standard giemsa-stained thick blood film (gtf) in ikeja general hospital, now lagos state university teaching hospital, in lagos. blood samples were collected from 353 patients, each examined with the qbc and gtf techniques. of these, 68 were positive with gtf, 70 with qbc giving a positive rate of 19.3% and 19.8% respectively. the malari ... | 2007 | 17683979 |
| plasmodium malariae: parasite and disease. | a review of the life history of plasmodium malariae, the quartan malaria parasite of humans, is presented. much of the information is based on data obtained from induced infections in humans who were given malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963. prepatent periods (i.e., the time until the first day of parasite detection) fever episodes, and maximum parasitemias as a result of infection with p. malariae were obtained and are presented. experimental and known vect ... | 2007 | 17934075 |
| evaluation of the intra- and inter-specific genetic variability of plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase. | malaria diagnosis is vital to efficient control programmes and the recent advent of malaria rapid diagnostic tests (rdts) provides a reliable and simple diagnostic method. however a characterization of the efficiency of these tests and the proteins they detect is needed to maximize rdt sensitivity. | 2007 | 17961215 |
| demographic risk factors for severe and fatal vivax and falciparum malaria among hospital admissions in northeastern indonesian papua. | between january 1998 and december 2000, the jayapura provincial public hospital in northeastern indonesian new guinea (papua) admitted 5,936 patients with a diagnosis of malaria. the microscopic diagnosis at admission was plasmodium falciparum (3,976, 67%), plasmodium vivax (1,135, 19%), plasmodium malariae (8, < 1%), and mixed species infections (817, 14%). approximately 9% (367) of patients were classified as having severe malaria (277 p. falciparum, 36 p. vivax, 53 mixed infections, and 1 p. ... | 2007 | 17984364 |
| plasmodium malariae infection in spite of previous anti-malarial medication. | plasmodium malariae is regarded as usually being susceptible to all anti-malarials whether applied for prophylaxis or treatment. we report on three cases of p. malariae infection which occurred 12-14 weeks after anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis or treatment with mefloquine or atovaquone/proguanil. the most likely explanation for the failure of mefloquine and atovaquone/proguanil to prevent quartan malaria occurring some months later is the insufficient effect on the particularly long-lasting pre-e ... | 2008 | 18060428 |
| observations on the life-cycle of plasmodium malariae. | | 1948 | 18106269 |
| the efficacy of quinacrine and quinine in the treatment of plasmodium malariae infections. | | 1949 | 18151881 |
| short report: prevalence and chloroquine sensitivity of plasmodium malariae in madagascar. | we report the results of clinical studies carried out at six sites in madagascar, between january and october 2006. the aims were (i) to update our knowledge of the burden of plasmodium malariae infection and (ii) to assess the therapeutic efficacy of chloroquine for uncomplicated quartan malaria. our findings confirm that p. malariae is the third leading cause of malaria, accounting for 1.1% of all malarial infections. they also demonstrate that chloroquine-currently recommended for the home ma ... | 2007 | 18165518 |
| plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans is widely distributed and potentially life threatening. | until recently, plasmodium knowlesi malaria in humans was misdiagnosed as plasmodium malariae malaria. the objectives of the present study were to determine the geographic distribution of p. knowlesi malaria in the human population in malaysia and to investigate 4 suspected fatal cases. | 2008 | 18171245 |
| pattern of malarial infection diagnosed at ayub teaching hospital abbottabad. | malaria is endemic in abbottabad and the adjoining areas like many other parts of the country. depending upon the environmental conditions different species of malarial parasite are found in different areas. the present study was planned to see the pattern of malarial infection diagnosed at ayub teaching hospital, abbottabad. | 2007 | 18183716 |
| recent patent reviews on small molecule-based antimalarial drugs. | malaria is the number one disease in the world responsible for 1-3 million deaths each year. the world wide number of malaria patients is estimated at 400 to 900 million. approximately one third of the world's population lives in malaria-endemic areas, including central and south america, asia, and africa. plasmodium falciparum, plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae are malaria parasites responsible for infecting humans. mosquitoes that carry malaria parasites have become re ... | 2007 | 18221180 |
| placental hypoxia during placental malaria. | placental malaria causes fetal growth retardation (fgr), which has been linked epidemiologically to placental monocyte infiltrates. we investigated whether parasite or monocyte infiltrates were associated with placental hypoxia, as a potential mechanism underlying malarial fgr. | 2008 | 18279052 |
| increased plasmodium falciparum gametocyte production in mixed infections with p. malariae. | plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae occur endemically in many parts of africa. observations from malariotherapy patients suggest that co-infection with p. malariae may increase p. falciparum gametocyte production. we determined p. falciparum gametocyte prevalence and density by quantitative nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (qt-nasba) after antimalarial treatment of kenyan children with either p. falciparum mono-infection or p. falciparum and p. malariae mixed infection. in addition, w ... | 2008 | 18337341 |
| acute renal failure in plasmodium malariae infection. | we report an unusual case of transfusion-transmitted malaria which remained undiagnosed for several months in an italian woman splenectomised and polytransfused for thalassaemia major. the infecting species was plasmodium malariae, and the patient developed acute renal failure, severe thrombocytopenia, and hepatic failure. treatment with chlorochine was followed by a slow, but complete recovery of renal function. | 2008 | 18424865 |
| evaluation of fret real-time pcr assay for rapid detection and differentiation of plasmodium species in returning travellers and migrants. | a simple real-time pcr assay using one set of primer and probe for rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of plasmodium species, with simultaneous differentiation of plasmodium falciparum from the three other plasmodium species (plasmodium vivax, plasmodium ovale and plasmodium malariae) in febrile returning travellers and migrants was developed and evaluated. | 2008 | 18442362 |
| [camillo golgi and the contribution of the italian scientists to the development of the malariology in the last quarter of the nineteenth century]. | between 1885 and 1892--a period in which great advances have been made in techniques and practice of the young science of microbiology--camillo golgi provided a notable contribution to malariology. continuing studies and researches of roman malariologists ettore marchiafava (1847-1935) and angelo celli (1857-1914), on the malarial parasites--described by the french military physician alphonse laveran--he studied the reproduction cycles of the plasmodium in human blood (golgi cycles) and elucidat ... | 2007 | 18447170 |
| an 8-year survey on the occurrence of imported malaria in a nonendemic area by microscopy and molecular assays. | our study aimed to describe the occurrence of imported malaria in a nonendemic area (parma, italy) during the period 2000 to 2007, comparing the data obtained by microscopy and molecular assays targeting plasmodial 18s subunit rrna gene. the prevalence of imported malaria in parma was 21.8% by microscopy and 22.7% by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). plasmodium falciparum accounted for 81.1% of the cases, followed by plasmodium ovale (8.8%), plasmodium vivax (3.8%), and plasmodium malariae (1.9%) ... | 2008 | 18501548 |
| [mixed infection due to plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium malariae: diagnostic usefulness of molecular methods]. | | 2008 | 18560684 |
| natural plasmodium infections in brazilian wild monkeys: reservoirs for human infections? | four hundred and forty-eight samples of total blood from wild monkeys living in areas where human autochthonous malaria cases have been reported were screened for the presence of plasmodium using microscopy and pcr analysis. samples came from the following distinct ecological areas of brazil: atlantic forest (n=140), semideciduous atlantic forest (n=257) and cerrado (a savannah-like habitat) (n=51). thick and thin blood smears of each specimen were examined and plasmodium infection was screened ... | 2008 | 18620330 |
| a case of imported malaria: the first report of a plasmodium malariae infection in sri lanka after 37 years. | we report a case of plasmodium falciparum and p. malariae mixed infection in a patient who had been living in malawi. this is the first case of p. malariae reported in sri lanka in 4 decades. the presence of both parasites was confirmed by microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the history strongly indicated that the infection had been acquired from malawi. the patient had liver dysfunction and a transient glomerulonephritis, both of which subsided with antimalarial treatment. | 2008 | 18678123 |
| knowlesi malaria: newly emergent and of public health importance? | several questions on public health impact have arisen from the discovery of a large focus of the simian malaria parasite, plasmodium knowlesi, in the human population. p. knowlesi malaria is not newly emergent and was overlooked until molecular tools to distinguish between p. knowlesi and the morphologically similar plasmodium malariae became available. knowlesi malaria is a zoonosis that is widely distributed in southeast asia and can be fatal. information on knowlesi malaria should be included ... | 2008 | 18678527 |
| plasmodium knowlesi in humans, macaques and mosquitoes in peninsular malaysia. | abstract: | 2008 | 18710577 |