| comparison of igg antibody profiles by immunoblotting in patients with acute and previous toxoplasma gondii infection. | the igg antibody profile to toxoplasma gondii proteins of less than 37 kilodaltons in sera from patients with acute and previous infection was studied by immunoblotting. bands at 28, 29, and 36 kilodaltons were more common in acute infection (10 out of 10, nine out of 10, and nine out of 10, respectively) compared with previous infection (five out of 10, four out of 10, and one out of 10, respectively). the 6 kilodalton band was present in 10 out of 10 sera from patients with acute infection and ... | 1991 | 1856289 |
| [disseminated toxoplasmosis in a patient with hiv infection]. | the authors describe a case of toxoplasmosis occurring in a subject who is hiv positive who presented with a cough and an infectious syndrome. toxoplasma gondii was identified in the broncho-alveolar lavage even though the x-ray, the fibroscopy, blood gases and the broncho-alveolar lavage were normal. the frequency of pulmonary disease in the course of a toxoplasma infection in hiv subjects was underlined. amongst the non invasive diagnostic methods the authors stress the value of broncho-alveol ... | 1991 | 1857817 |
| [relation between abnormal pregnancies and toxoplasma gondii infection]. | 3,012 pregnant women were divided into three groups according to the status of toxoplasma gondii infection, and the pregnancy outcomes were followed up. results showed that the total incidence rates of spontaneous abortion, premature birth, still birth and congenital defects were 0.70, 3.39, 0.83 and 0.90% respectively. the incidence rates of the four groups of abnormal pregnancies having serologically diagnosed recent or active infection were significantly higher than that having no evidence of ... | 1991 | 1860370 |
| chronic fatigue in adolescents. | nine female and 6 male adolescents (mean age 14.5 +/- 1.7 [sd] years) were evaluated for chronic fatigue associated with at least three additional symptoms present for 18.4 +/- 8.4 months. eleven subjects experienced the onset of symptoms with an acute illness (seven monospot-positive). medical history, physical examination, and laboratory testing yielded little helpful information. serologic testing for coxsackie b viruses 1 through 6, cytomegalovirus, epstein-barr virus, human herpesvirus 6, a ... | 1991 | 1861915 |
| [results and contributing prospects of molecular probes and genetic amplification in vitro (pcr) in toxoplasmosis]. | toxoplasmosis is one of the latest parasitic diseases to have benefited from molecular biological study (1989). to our knowledge we were one of the first to have cloned several dna probes using genomic dna from toxoplasma gondii. one of these probes, tgr1e, has been sequenced and has enabled the selection and chemical synthesis of 4 oligonucleotides (22 to 25 nucleotides respectively) for use in the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). completely specific for toxoplasma gondii, they confer remarkabl ... | 1991 | 1863857 |
| newly documented antimicrobial activity of quinolones. | the improved antimicrobial activity of newer fluoroquinolones and novel applications recently found for the drugs already marketed are reviewed. several new compounds are more active against gram-positive bacteria than the presently marketed fluoroquinolones. win 57273, the most potent compound in vitro on a weight basis, is 16 to 128 times more active than ciprofloxacin against various staphylococci, streptococci, enterococcus spp., corynebacterium spp., listeria monocytogenes and bacillus spp. ... | 1991 | 1864284 |
| national seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii in pigs. | serum samples from 11,842 commercial pigs killed in 1983-1984 throughout the united states were tested for anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies by the agglutination test in dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. anti-t. gondii antibodies were found in 23.9% of pigs. at dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500, 13.5%, 6.9%, and 3.5% were serologically positive, respectively. the prevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodies was higher in breeder pigs (42%) than in market pigs (23%). these results indicate that ant ... | 1991 | 1865258 |
| characterization of the lipid content of toxoplasma gondii rhoptries. | quantitative and qualitative analysis of lipids has been performed on a rhoptry fraction purified from toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. the lipid to protein ratio was estimated to be 0.26. the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio was unusually high at 1.48. phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid; phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and sphingomyelin were absent whereas significant amounts of phosphatidic acid and lysophospholipids were found. this pelicular composition could be related t ... | 1991 | 1866182 |
| role of l3t4+ and lyt-2+ t cell subsets in protective immune responses of mice against infection with a low or high virulent strain of toxoplasma gondii. | in order to elucidate the role of t cell subsets in protective immunity against infection with high virulent and low virulent strains of toxoplasma gondii, monoclonal antibodies specific for t cell subsets were injected into mice before immunization or challenge infection. treatment of mice with monoclonal antibody to either l3t4+ or lyt-2+ t cells before they were immunized with toxoplasma cell homogenate prepared from high virulent rh strain tachyzoites markedly reduced survival after mice wer ... | 1991 | 1870439 |
| [myocarditis caused by toxoplasma gondii and aspergillus fumigatus after orthotopic heart transplantation]. | this report describes the case of a 56-year-old patient, who died 53 days after orthotopic heart transplantation due to myocarditis caused by infection with aspergillus fumigatus and toxoplasma gondii. aspergillosis was diagnosed by transthoracic needle aspiration of a pulmonary infiltration. endomyocardial biopsy showed toxoplasma pseudocysts. autopsy revealed myocardial infection with both infectious agents. despite specific therapy, myocarditis determined the fatal outcome in this case. the v ... | 1991 | 1872010 |
| disseminated infection with neospora caninum in a ten-year-old dog. | naturally-occurring neosporosis with multiple organ involvement was identified in a 10-year-old neutered male basset hound dog. clinical signs were first noticed 3 weeks prior to referral and consisted of crouched stance and mild pelvic limb ataxia. dexamethasone administration had provided transient improvement. on presentation to the teaching hospital, clinical signs included depression, pelvic limb ataxia, inability to stand without assistance, and pain on deep palpation of the cervical and l ... | 1991 | 1879145 |
| rat model of congenital toxoplasmosis. | a rat model of congenital toxoplasmosis is described for the study of protective immunity and chemotherapy during pregnancy. six sprague-dawley 7- to 15-day gestational rats were inoculated orally (three rats, trial a) or subcutaneously (three rats, trial b) with 10,000 infective oocysts of the ct-1 strain of toxoplasma gondii. the tissues of rat pups born from these rats were bioassayed for t. gondii infection. t. gondii was recovered from 30 of 33 (90.9%, trial b) and 23 of 28 (82.17%, trial a ... | 1991 | 1879945 |
| high risk of developing toxoplasmic encephalitis in aids patients seropositive to toxoplasma gondii. | we studied 41 aids patients in the austrian tyrol with respect to toxoplasma antibody titers and the presence of cns toxoplasmosis. in no patient had primary pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis with either trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine been applied; the degree to which cns toxoplasmosis is influenced by this kind of pcp chemoprophylaxis, widely used elsewhere, is still unclear. in this study 47.4% of toxoplasma-seropositive patients developed cns toxopla ... | 1991 | 1881367 |
| pathological changes in the brains of mice infected with toxoplasma gondii: a histological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. | the pathological changes in the brains of mice infected with t. gondii were studied at various intervals between 7 days and 22 months post-infection using histology, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. initially, a few single parasites were observed (day 7) but necrotic lesions and microglial and inflammatory nodules rapidly appeared (9-i4 days). the majority of the lesions between days 9 and i4 contained proliferating toxoplasma and early cyst formation but from 2i days onwards the vas ... | 1991 | 1883744 |
| activity of minocycline against toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. | the chemotherapeutic activity of minocycline, a semi-synthetic tetracycline analogue, was evaluated in a murine model of toxoplasmosis. a lethal acute toxoplasmosis was produced by injecting 10(5) tachyzoites of the rh strain of toxoplasma gondii into the peritoneal cavities of swiss-webster mice. when infected mice were treated once daily for 12 days, starting 2 h after challenge, the survival and cure rates were 100% and 40% respectively after minocycline alone (100 mg/kg per day), 0% and 0% a ... | 1991 | 1885421 |
| pulmonary toxoplasmosis. | symptomatic pulmonary toxoplasmosis is a relatively rare disease process, although the lung is frequently infected with the causative agent toxoplasma gondii. acute infection resulting in diffuse pneumonia is most likely in the immunosuppressed transplant recipient, and reinfection pneumonia occurs in this patient population as well as in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the authors discuss the methods this protozoan uses to invade cells, to evade host defenses, and to cause tis ... | 1991 | 1887167 |
| toxoplasma serology in zambian and ugandan patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | in the usa and europe, toxoplasmosis is well recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised individuals. toxoplasma gondii has been shown to be a common opportunistic infection in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in the usa and europe with published estimates ranging from 20% to 80%. the importance of toxoplasma infection in east africa has not yet been defined. the seroprevalence rates of toxoplasmosis in zambian and ugandan pati ... | 1991 | 1887478 |
| elisa for assessing toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs. | the elisa technique was applied to assess toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs. among 925 swine examined 36.4 per cent of the animals were seropositive. serum titres ranged from 100 to 3,200. | 1991 | 1887697 |
| [experimental animal studies for the detection of circulating toxoplasma antigens]. | rabbits and mice were infected by toxoplasma gondii (rh and hanr) and hammondia hammondi. an enzyme immunoassay with monoclonal antibodies was used to reveal circulating toxoplasma antigens. they were found only in mice and rabbits that had been infected by the cyst-forming strain toxoplasma hanr. in mice infected by hammondia hammondi low antibodies titres were found that showed a cross-reaction with toxoplasma. the enzyme immunoassay for evidence of toxoplasma antigens demonstrated a negative ... | 1991 | 1888076 |
| fatal disseminated hemorrhagic toxoplasmic encephalitis as the initial manifestation of aids. | a 28-year-old woman presented with progressive coma after being asymptomatic for 1 year after the demonstration of seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus and high serum immunoglobulin g toxoplasma titers. computed tomographic scanning showed multiple rounded cerebral hemorrhages and massive cerebral edema. postmortem examination disclosed toxoplasma gondii cysts scattered throughout the brain. an overwhelming fatal toxoplasmosis associated with multiple cerebral hemorrhages may be the f ... | 1991 | 1892372 |
| characterization of bradyzoite-specific antigens of toxoplasma gondii. | monoclonal antibodies that react specifically with bradyzoite antigens of toxoplasma gondii were selected by differential immunofluorescence among hybridomas produced against these organisms. these antigens were further characterized by immunofluorescence on living bradyzoites and western immunoblotting. four pellicular antigens (36, 34, 21, and 18 kda) were identified; three of these are exposed on the surface of the organism and accessible to either antibodies, trypsin cleavage, or both of the ... | 1991 | 1894373 |
| seroepidemiology of toxoplasma gondii infection in young school children in islamabad. | sera, from 270 school children (age 13 to 20 years) residing in suburbs of islamabad, were investigated for the presence of toxoplasma gondii, igg antibodies using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the overall prevalence was 17.4%. there was no significant difference between the two sexes. since a positive test result for igg antibodies at any level does not eliminate the possibility of a current infection, the toxoplasma igg antibody positive children were further tested for the pr ... | 1991 | 1895497 |
| human platelet-mediated cytotoxicity against toxoplasma gondii: role of thromboxane. | human platelets, in the absence of antibody, are cytotoxic to tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii as determined by vital staining, transmission electron microscopy, and the failure of toxoplasma to survive and replicate in mice after in vitro interaction of the organisms with platelets. platelet to t. gondii ratios as low as 1:3 were toxic to the organisms with direct cell-cell contact essential for platelet-mediated cytotoxicity. adherence of platelets to t. gondii and disruption of surface membra ... | 1991 | 1898664 |
| acute sarcocystosis-like disease in a dog. | two of 8 littermate rottweiler dogs developed persistent diarrhea at 6.5 weeks of age. dog 1 was euthanatized at 14 weeks of age and had hepatitis characterized by necrosis and mixed leukocyte infiltrations in association with a previously unrecognized sarcocystis-like protozoon. the organism was free in the hepatocyte cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole, had divided by schizogony, and stained with anti-sarcocystis serum, but did not stain with anti-toxoplasma gondii or anti-neospora can ... | 1991 | 1901306 |
| sarcocystis neurona n. sp. (protozoa: apicomplexa), the etiologic agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. | sarcocystis neuronan n. sp. is proposed for the apicomplexan taxon associated with myeloencephalitis in horses. only asexual stages of this parasite presently are known, and they are found within neuronal cells and leukocytes of the brain and spinal cord. the parasite is located in the host cell cytoplasm, does not have a parasitophorous vacuole, and divides by endopolygeny. schizonts are 5-35 microns x 5-20 microns and contain 4-40 merozoites arranged in a rosette around a prominent residual bo ... | 1991 | 1901359 |
| cd8+ t cells are the major lymphocyte subpopulation involved in the protective immune response to toxoplasma gondii in mice. | the ability of the major t cell subsets to adoptively transfer resistance to t. gondii infection was studied. spleen cells harvested from mice with a 3-month t. gondii infection and cells from uninfected mice were enriched for t cells by nylon/wool purification. adoptive transfer of these cells from both groups of donor mice led to a significant increase in the survival of syngeneic recipient mice infected intraperitoneally with 20 t. gondii cysts. increased survival was mediated particularly by ... | 1991 | 1902762 |
| role of gamma interferon in toxoplasma gondii infection. | toxoplasma gondii has emerged as an important pathogen in the ever increasing numbers of patients with disorders of the immune system. better understanding of the mechanisms of resistance of the host against this protozoan is important for development of safe, effective alternative treatment regimens for toxoplasmosis. gamma interferon is the cytokine that plays a central role in protection against toxoplasma gondii. the purpose of this review is to highlight the current knowledge of the role of ... | 1991 | 1907542 |
| sarcocystis canis n. sp. (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae), the etiologic agent of generalized coccidiosis in dogs. | sarcocystis canis n. sp. is proposed for the protozoon associated with encephalitis, hepatitis, and generalized coccidiosis in dogs. only asexual stages are known in macrophages, neurons, dermal, and other cells of the body. the parasite is located free in the host cell cytoplasm without a parasitophorous vacuole; schizonts divide by endopolygeny. schizonts are 5-25 x 4-20 microns and contain 6-40 merozoites. merozoites are approximately 5-7 microns x 1 micron and do not contain rhoptries. the p ... | 1991 | 1907653 |
| relationship between interferon-gamma, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and tryptophan catabolism. | interferons have been shown to be potential anti-cancer agents and to inhibit tumor cell growth in culture. the in vivo mechanism of the anti-proliferative effect may be direct or indirect through the immune system; however, in vitro a primary mechanism of cytotoxicity is through the depletion of tryptophan. in particular, interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) induces an enzyme of tryptophan catabolism, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (ido), which is responsible for conversion of tryptophan and other indole ... | 1991 | 1907934 |
| role of beta interferon in resistance to toxoplasma gondii infection. | the role of recombinant murine beta interferon (rmuifn-beta) and recombinant human ifn-beta (rhuifn-beta) in resistance to toxoplasma gondii was examined. rmuifn-beta protected mice against a lethal infection with the parasite. the protective effect appeared to depend on the concomitant release of gamma interferon. rmuifn-beta did not activate murine peritoneal macrophages to inhibit or kill t. gondii whether used alone or in combination with lipopolysaccharide (lps). rhuifn-beta did not activat ... | 1991 | 1908831 |
| microbicidal activities of salmonella typhimurium- and interferon-gamma-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. | activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages during infection of mice by various facultative intracellular bacteria and after intravenous injection of recombinant interferon-gamma (rifn-gamma) was studied. macrophage activation was demonstrated on the basis of three different criteria, i.e. inhibition of toxoplasma gondii proliferation, enhanced release of h2o2 and increased expression of ia antigen. macrophages activated during an infection with salmonella typhimurium showed no enhanced salmonell ... | 1991 | 1909142 |
| human endothelial cells are activated by ifn-gamma to inhibit toxoplasma gondii replication. inhibition is due to a different mechanism from that existing in mouse macrophages and human fibroblasts. | toxoplasma gondii invaded and proliferated in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. preincubation of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells with human rifn-gamma induced a high degree of inhibition of t. gondii replication, with the effect being dose dependent. in order to try to elucidate the inhibitory mechanism, we tested the presence of several factors that are known to operate against intracellular parasites in other cell types. we found, by means of a competitive inhibitor, ... | 1991 | 1909738 |
| [livestock manure as a vector for parasites--a report of experiences]. | analysing the results of own investigations and informations in literature a review is given about the role of manure specially in stables of high-intensity cattle and pig production as a vector for exogenic parasite stages. in the course of investigations--in most cases simulating practice conditions--so-called indicator germs were used as test material. in cattle stables manure is significant as a vector for eimeria species, cryptosporidium parvum, sarcocystis species, taenia saginata and fasc ... | 1991 | 1914947 |
| amplification of the secretory iga response to toxoplasma gondii using cholera toxin. | our study demonstrates that cholera toxin (ct) markedly enhances the intestinal anti-t. gondii antibody response following oral immunisation of mice with a t. gondii sonicate (tso) and ct. the antibodies induced were mostly iga and secretory iga but a small quantity of igg was also produced. in contrast, no intestinal anti-t. gondii igm antibodies were detected. anti-ct iga antibodies were also present in intestinal secretions but in much lower quantities than the t. gondii-specific iga. no anti ... | 1991 | 1916225 |
| chronic chorioamnionitis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. | the clinicopathologic features of 17 cases of an unusual variant of chorioamnionitis distinguished by a pure or predominantly chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the fetal membranes rather than the usual acute inflammatory reaction are reported. in six cases, there was an equal (one case) or minor (five cases) component of acute inflammation in the fetal membranes as well. concomitant villitis, found in 11 cases, was almost uniformly lymphohistiocytic and destructive, but it varied greatly in sev ... | 1991 | 1917272 |
| cd8+ t cells from mice vaccinated against toxoplasma gondii are cytotoxic for parasite-infected or antigen-pulsed host cells. | mice vaccinated with a live temperature sensitive mutant (ts-4) of toxoplasma gondii develop complete resistance to subsequent challenge with a highly virulent toxoplasma strain (rh). because cd8+ t cells have been demonstrated to be critical to this protective immunity in vivo, the involvement of cytotoxic t lymphocytes in the killing of infected cells in vaccinated mice was investigated. after restimulation in vitro, splenic t cells from vaccinated mice of either the balb/c or c57bl/6 strains ... | 1991 | 1918963 |
| tumor necrosis factor-alpha triggers antitoxoplasmal activity of ifn-gamma primed macrophages. | ifn-gamma is an important mediator of cellular resistance against microbial pathogens and tumor cells due in part to its potent capacity to activate macrophages for enhanced cytotoxicity. the present study demonstrates that tnf-alpha regulates the expression of enhanced antimicrobial activity by triggering ifn-gamma primed macrophages to kill or inhibit intracellular toxoplasma gondii. resident mouse macrophages stimulated with rifn-gamma at levels up to 2500 u/ml failed to display enhanced anti ... | 1991 | 1918966 |
| tumor necrosis factor-independent protective effect of recombinant ifn-gamma against acute toxoplasmosis in t cell-deficient mice. | rifn-gamma conferred remarkable resistance against acute infection with toxoplasma gondii in t cell-deficient (athymic nude) mice. mice that received an i.p. injection of rifn-gamma every other day beginning 24 h before infection for a total of eight doses survived significantly longer than untreated control mice although all of the treated mice died after the lymphokine was discontinued. mice that received 14 doses of rifn-gamma survived significantly longer than those that received eight doses ... | 1991 | 1918987 |
| toxoplasma gondii-like schizonts in the tracheal epithelium of a cat. | toxoplasma gondii-like schizonts were found in tracheal epithelium of an 8-yr-old male cat. the parasites were located in parasitophorous vacuoles within the host cell cytoplasm, divided by schizogony, contained periodic acid-schiff-positive granules, and reacted with anti-t. gondii serum but not with anti-neospora caninum serum. mature schizonts were 7.0 x 5.9 microns (5-10 x 4-10 microns; n = 22) and contained 4-16 merozoites. the merozoites were approximately 5 x 1 microns. | 1991 | 1919933 |
| a soluble phospholipase of toxoplasma gondii associated with host cell penetration. | we previously reported that phospholipase increases host cell penetration by toxoplasma gondii. here we show that calcium-dependent phospholipase a (pla) activity is found in the supernatant of sonically disrupted t. gondii. when fractions of disrupted t. gondii were incubated with host cells, the release of fatty acids and lysolipids was detected. fractions of sonically disrupted t. gondii with pla activity increased t. gondii host cell penetration in a bioassay. in addition, a protein of appro ... | 1991 | 1920144 |
| concurrent infection with toxoplasma gondii and feline leukemia virus. antibody response and oocyst production. | four adult cats (two testing positive and two negative for feline leukemia virus felv) were fed toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts collected from the brains of mice. two control cats (1 felv+, 1 felv-) were not fed cysts. the cats infected with t. gondii shed thousands of oocysts but remained clinically and physically normal, with hemograms and clinical chemistry values essentially unchanged irrespective of their felv status. infection with felv did not increase the duration of oocyst shedding. at n ... | 1991 | 1920257 |
| prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies in cebus spp in the santa fe zoological park of medellín, colombia. | the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii antibodies was studied in 47 nonhuman primates of the cebus species in the santa fe zoological park in medellín, colombia. specific igg titers (greater than 1/64) were detected in 40.9% of c. albifrons studied (n = 22), 13.3% of c. capucinus (n = 15), and 0% of c. apella (n = 10). specific igm was not detected in any of the animals studied. | 1991 | 1920382 |
| prevalence of toxoplasma gondii antibodies among children and teenagers in italy. | between 1987 and 1989, the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii was determined by elisa in serum samples from 1,494 apparently healthy subjects, 3-18 years old. subjects were selected by a systematic cluster sampling from five geographical areas in italy. the overall prevalence of antibodies was 17.9%, increasing from 4.7% in 4-6 year olds to 28.4% in 17-18 year olds (p less than 0.01). a slight predominance was observed among males (18.2% vs. 17.5% in females), as well as among subject ... | 1991 | 1921744 |
| lipids and fatty acids of tachyzoites and purified pellicles of toxoplasma gondii. | various lipids were extracted from tachyzoites and from purified pellicles of toxoplasma gondii. extracts from both sources were found to have a low cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. the major phospholipid in these fractions was phosphatidylcholine associated with a low amount of sphingomyelin. oleic acid represented one-third of whole-cell fatty acids and 44% of pellicular fatty acid content. the lipid composition of the pellicle of t. gondii is consistent with the previously reported high fluidi ... | 1991 | 1924252 |
| role of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosis of disseminated toxoplasmosis. | in three cases of acute disseminated toxoplasmosis developing soon after renal (two patients) or hepatorenal (one patient) transplantation, toxoplasma gondii trophozoites were visualized on giemsa-stained smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. trophozoites were also found in bone marrow smears in one instance. seroconversion occurred late in two cases and was not detected before the patient's death in the third. these observations underline the potential of bronchoalveolar lavage as a diagnosti ... | 1991 | 1925284 |
| empiric therapy for the immunocompromised host. | the use of empiric therapy for immunocompromised hosts has been one of the major advances in the management of such patients. such therapy has been put into practice primarily for patients with neutropenia induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy. the empiric antibiotic regimens include in their coverage the bowel, skin, and intravenous-catheter flora anticipated for patients in a particular hospital. less often, physicians treat empirically for opportunistic infections that complicate defects in helpe ... | 1991 | 1925322 |
| vaccination of sheep with a live incomplete strain (s48) of toxoplasma gondii and their immunity to challenge when pregnant. | sixty-four ewes were vaccinated with tachyzoites of an incomplete strain (s48) of toxoplasma gondii grown either in the peritoneal cavity of mice (group 1) or vero cell culture (group 2) and 30 ewes (group 3) were not vaccinated. all the ewes were mated 77 days later and challenged orally with 2000 sporulated oocysts at 89 to 90 days of gestation. ten additional unvaccinated (group 4) and 10 vaccinated (group 5) control ewes were not challenged. the unvaccinated ewes developed a characteristic f ... | 1991 | 1926725 |
| detection of toxoplasma gondii in equine eyes. | | 1991 | 1926737 |
| [epidemiological findings of toxoplasma gondii infections of humans in the area of cottbus]. | using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (ifat) results concerning the infection of people by toxoplasma in dependence on age, sex, settlement area and consumption of raw meat in the region of (state brandenburg) cottbus are represented as well as on frequency of primoinfections during pregnancy. infections by toxoplasma have been found out in 35.6 of 100 cases (n = 3665). with 39.2% women are infected more often than men with 27.1%. probands of the urbane settlement area show with 37.9% (n ... | 1991 | 1928801 |
| protective immunity to toxoplasmosis in pigs vaccinated with a nonpersistent strain of toxoplasma gondii. | the rh strain of toxoplasma gondii is highly virulent; 1 infective organism is uniformly lethal for mice. three pigs inoculated sc with 10(3) tachyzoites of the rh strain developed fever, but otherwise remained normal, and t gondii was not demonstrated in their tissues by bioassay into mice. to determine whether vaccination with the rh strain could induce protective immunity to oral challenge with t gondii oocysts, 12 pigs were divided into 3 groups (a, b, c) of 4 pigs each. pigs in groups a and ... | 1991 | 1928915 |
| specific binding of neoglycoproteins to toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. | several studies have shown that protozoa bind to glycoproteins or neoglycoproteins. here we report that toxoplasma gondii binds strongly to bovine serum albumin-glucosamide. the binding was rapid, time dependent, partially reversible, saturable, and specific. scatchard analysis showed about 40,000 molecules of bovine serum albumin-glucosamide per toxoplasma cell. the apparent dissociation constant was found to be 4.46 x 10(-8) m. | 1991 | 1937826 |
| gamma interferon-activated human macrophages and toxoplasma gondii, chlamydia psittaci, and leishmania donovani: antimicrobial role of limiting intracellular iron. | iron-saturated transferrin did not reverse the intracellular killing or inhibition of toxoplasma gondii, chlamydia psittaci, or leishmania donovani by gamma interferon-activated human macrophages. deferoxamine, an iron chelator, also did not impair replication within unstimulated macrophages. limiting the availability of intracellular iron is an unlikely mechanism in human macrophage activity against these three diverse pathogens. | 1991 | 1937829 |
| identification of toxoplasma gondii infections by bi gene amplification. | the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in congenitally infected children or in immunocompromised patients can be difficult; serology is not reliable, and the diagnosis must be based on the combination of symptomatology and the direct demonstration of the parasite in clinical specimens by microscopy, antigen detection, or inoculation of samples into mice or tissue cultures. these techniques are either insensitive or time-consuming. to determine the value of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the dia ... | 1991 | 1939564 |
| comparison of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and indirect haemagglutination test in serologic diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. | the antibody response against toxoplasma gondii was evaluated by elisa and indirect haemagglutination test (iha) in 100 antenatal cases with bad obstetric history. 30 per cent of the cases were found to be positive by the igm elisa test and 22 per cent were positive by the iha test. elisa was found to be a more specific, reliable and easy test for screening of antenatal cases. | 1991 | 1940223 |
| protection of mice from fatal toxoplasma gondii infection by immunization with p30 antigen in liposomes. | using liposomes as adjuvant, a purified membrane ag from toxoplasma gondii (p30) has been tested for its protective effect in mice. immunization with p30 in liposomes resulted in only one in 15 mice dying from a challenge that killed 11 of 15 control mice (receiving only buffer or liposomes without p30). the p30 ag alone gave intermediate levels of protection, with 5 of 15 animals dying. the source of the p30 ag was the rapidly growing, laboratory-adapted strain of t. gondii, rh; challenge was w ... | 1991 | 1940349 |
| a purified parasite antigen (p30) mediates cd8+ t cell immunity against fatal toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. | induction of protective immunity against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis can be achieved using p30, the major membrane and excreted/secreted protein of toxoplasma gondii. this protein, when administered to outbred mice in the presence of the saponin quil a, is able to induce almost 100% protection against acute infection without evidence of intracerebral cyst development. adoptive transfer of immune splenocytes from immunized inbred a/j mice conferred a significant level (p less than 0.001) of p ... | 1991 | 1940350 |
| murine cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes lyse toxoplasma gondii-infected cells. | studies were performed to determine whether ctl against toxoplasma gondii-infected cells could be induced in a murine model of t. gondii infection in which cd8+ t lymphocytes have been shown to play a major role in resistance against this parasite. in 51cr release assays, nylon wool nonadherent spleen cells from balb/c (h-2d) mice immunized with the temperature-sensitive (ts-4) mutant strain of t. gondii were cytotoxic for t. gondii-infected p815 (h-2d) mastocytoma cells but not for uninfected c ... | 1991 | 1940378 |
| characterization of microneme proteins of toxoplasma gondii. | three microneme proteins of toxoplasma gondii have been characterized using 3 monoclonal antibodies and a recombinant protein specific antiserum. in all cases, apical labeling of tachyzoites and bradyzoites was observed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. immunogold localization on ultrathin sections of bradyzoites or tachyzoites showed a specific labeling of micronemes. the following proteins were characterized using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western immunoblotting: mic 1 (60 kda, ... | 1991 | 1944419 |
| neutrophil chemotactic factors secreted from toxoplasma gondii. | neutrophil chemotactic activity was detected in the fluid of toxoplasma gondii cultures by the agarose plate and the boyden chamber methods. toxoplasma culture fluid was obtained by incubating the tachyzoites at 37 degrees c in a 5% co2 atmosphere for 6 h in dulbecco's modified eagle's minimum essential medium containing 10% heat-inactivated foetal calf serum. soluble extracts from tachyzoites had negligible activity, indicating that the chemotactic factors were metabolites secreted from tachyzo ... | 1991 | 1945522 |
| activity of pentamidine and pentamidine analogs against toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures. | the capabilities of pentamidine and nine pentamidine analogs to inhibit the development of toxoplasma gondii were examined in vitro. treatment of infected cultures with pentamidine and five of its analogs caused a significant (p less than 0.05) reduction in the numbers of tachyzoites produced. analogs of pentamidine may be useful agents in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. | 1991 | 1952867 |
| fatal toxoplasmosis in a red lory (eos bornea). | toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in a 3-week-old red lory (eos bornea). grossly, there was hepatomegaly and pulmonary consolidation. the salient microscopic lesions were multifocal necrotizing mycocarditis, interstitial pneumonia with multifocal necrosis and vasculitis, and multifocal necrotizing hepatitis with periacinar hepatocellular necrosis. toxoplasma gondii-like organisms were observed in lung, heart, and liver by light and electron microscopy. the organisms in tissues stained with anti-t. gon ... | 1991 | 1953590 |
| cell cycle-dependent entry of toxoplasma gondii into synchronized hl-60 cells. | the degree of attraction of toxoplasma gondii to vertebrate cells varies with cell type and cell phase. human promyelocytic leukemia cells, hl-60, were synchronized by double thymidine block method and co-cultured with toxoplasma for 1 hr at each cell stage to investigate the cell cycle specific susceptibility of parasites to host cells. for 30 hr the average number of toxoplasma that invaded was a little changed except at 3 hr from g1/s phase boundary which concurred with the peak point of dna ... | 1991 | 1954195 |
| [effect of in vivo administration of tetrahymena pyriformis on the in vitro toxoplasmacidal activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. | tetrahymena pyriformis is a free-living ciliate protozoan in the freshwater system. experiments were carried out to determine whether intraperitoneal administration of t. pyriformis (gl strain) to mice activates macrophages to be able to kill toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites in vitro. mice were also injected intraperitoneally with several synthetic activators; dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (dda), dextran sulfate, complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) as well as toxoplasma and tetrahymena lysates i ... | 1991 | 1954196 |
| toxoplasma gondii: blood and tissue kinetics during acute and chronic infections in mice. | acute lethal infections were obtained in mice by intraperitoneal (ip) injection of 10(2) or 10(4) tachyzoites of the virulent rh and c56 strains. chronic infections were obtained by ip injection or peroral (po) gavage of 20 cysts of the avirulent c strain. mice were sacrificed at varying intervals after infection and parasite burdens were quantitated in blood, brain, and lungs using a tissue culture method. acutely infected mice died within 6 to 10 days postinfection as a function of the strain ... | 1991 | 1959573 |
| a serologic survey of oklahoma cats for antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus, coronavirus, and toxoplasma gondii and for antigen to feline leukemia virus. | a serologic survey was done on 618 cat sera submitted to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory between july 1, 1987 and june 30, 1988. the samples were collected from clinically normal and sick cats. the sera were tested for the presence of antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus by a commercial immunoassay, to a coronavirus by an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and to toxoplasma gondii by a commercial latex agglutination test and for the presence of feline leukemia virus ant ... | 1990 | 1965583 |
| induction of antigen-specific human cytotoxic t cells by toxoplasma gondii. | to further the understanding of the role of t cells in immunity to the parasite toxoplasma gondii, antigen-specific t cell clones were generated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from seropositive individuals. whole parasites were used to stimulate a proliferative expansion of antigen-reactive cells, followed by limiting dilution cloning in the presence of irradiated, autologous pbmc and ril-2. three parasite antigen-specific t cell clones expressing the cd3+ phenotype were selected for f ... | 1990 | 1971829 |
| toxoplasma gondii infection during pregnancy: t lymphocyte subpopulations in mothers and fetuses. | prenatal diagnosis of fetal toxoplasmosis is possible with the use of fetal blood sampling, amniocentesis and ultrasound examination. the purpose of this study was to describe t lymphocyte subsets (cd3, cd4 and cd8) in mothers and their fetuses when toxoplasma gondii infection occurred during pregnancy. maternal and fetal blood samples were obtained in 86 cases and 9 fetuses showed t. gondii infection. control groups consisted of 30 healthy nonpregnant women and 30 pregnant women. pregnant women ... | 1990 | 1980540 |
| sensitive and specific detection of toxoplasma dna in an experimental murine model: use of toxoplasma gondii-specific cdna and the polymerase chain reaction. | toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite of mammals and birds, is well recognized as a cause of encephalitis in aids patients and as a cause of congenital infections. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and toxoplasma cdna clones were used to diagnose t. gondii infection in an acute murine model of toxoplasmosis. diagnosis of tissue infection by southern blot hybridization with cdna clones of t. gondii was possible within 5 days of infection. this technique could detect as few as 10,000 organ ... | 1991 | 1984466 |
| examination of tissue cyst formation by toxoplasma gondii in cell cultures using bradyzoites, tachyzoites, and sporozoites. | tissue cyst formation by a goat isolate (gt-1) of toxoplasma gondii was examined in bovine monocyte, human fetal lung, and madin-darby bovine kidney cell cultures. transmission electron microscopy (tem) and cat feeding studies indicated that tissue cysts were present in all 3 cell lines examined. tissue cysts were first seen 3 days postinoculation (pi) using tem. standard cell culture procedures were used and no additional condition was needed to induce tissue cyst formation. cats fed cell cultu ... | 1991 | 1992083 |
| localization of lectin-binding sites and sugar-binding proteins in tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii. | lectins and neoglycoproteins labeled with colloidal gold particles were used for the ultrastructural localization of carbohydrate residues and sugar-binding sites, respectively, in thin sections of tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii embedded in the lowicryl k4m resin. incubation of the sections in the presence of gold-labeled canavalia ensiformis (con a), arachis hypogaea (pna), ricinus communis i (rca i), triticum vulgaris (wga), and limax flavus (lfa) agglutinins showed significant labeling of t ... | 1991 | 1992086 |
| prevalence and isolation of toxoplasma gondii from white-tailed deer in alabama. | nineteen white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from 5 counties in alabama were examined for infection with toxoplasma gondii. twenty-gram samples of heart tissue were bioassayed in mice, serum was examined for t. gondii antibodies using the direct agglutination test, and sections of heart muscle were examined histologically for tissue cysts. toxoplasma gondii was isolated from 4 of 19 (21%) white-tailed deer hearts. antibody titers of greater than or equal to 1:50 were found in sera from 7 ... | 1991 | 1992096 |
| toxoplasma gondii--new advances in cellular and molecular biology. | | 1991 | 1993460 |
| toxoplasma gondii: membrane structure differences between zoites demonstrated by freeze fracture analysis. | | 1991 | 1993468 |
| l-651,582 inhibition of intracellular parasitic protozoal growth correlates with host-cell directed effects. | l-651,582 (5-amino-[4-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3,5-dichlorobenzyl]-1,2,3-triazole-4- carboxamide), which is active in vivo against coccidiosis caused by the intracellular parasitic protozoan eimeria tenella, is also effective against this organism in tissue culture in maden darby bovine kidney (mdbk) host cells. l-651,582 inhibited 45ca++ uptake, as well as [3h]hypoxanthine incorporation into soluble nucleotide pools, in mdbk cells at concentrations similar to those required for antiparasitic activity ... | 1991 | 1993990 |
| toxoplasma gondii in a cervical smear. | | 1991 | 1994626 |
| aids and its effect on ophthalmology. | 1. ocular manifestations of aids are, for the most part, due to the opportunistic infections and neoplasias seen in the syndrome. 2. ocular manifestations seen in aids patients include cytomegalovirus, toxoplasma gondii, candida sp, cryptococcus sp, herpes simplex or zoste, mycobacterium sp, and ocular syphilis. 3. handwashing and disinfection of instruments are recommended to prevent transmission of infection in the ophthalmic practice. | 1991 | 1996472 |
| immune response after immunization with an experimental toxoplasma gondii iscom vaccine. | mice were immunized with iscom preparations of tachyzoites from two different strains of toxoplasma gondii. the antibody response and the cellular response, as measured in vitro, were comparable with those found in chronically infected mice. when challenged with virulent t. gondii tachyzoites, all the immunized mice died, whereas all the chronically infected mice survived. however, the immunized mice generally survived longer than non-immunized animals. | 1991 | 2008796 |
| detection of specific antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by a competitive enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody against the p30 antigen. | an inhibition eia using a monoclonal antibody against the major p30 toxoplasma gondii surface protein was designed for detection of specific antibodies in human sera. the assay was based on the inhibition of binding of peroxidase labelled monoclonal antibody to toxoplasma gondii crude antigen coated plates by the corresponding antibodies present in human sera. this rapid and simple assay was compared to indirect immunofluorescence, direct agglutination and an immunosorbent agglutination assay us ... | 1991 | 2009877 |
| toxoplasma gondii infections in red-tailed hawks inoculated orally with tissue cysts. | the response to inoculation of toxoplasma gondii tissue cysts was examined in 3 red-tailed hawks (buteo jamaicensis). one hawk (hawk 1) was inoculated orally with 3.000 tissue cysts of the gt-1 isolate of t. gondii and 2 hawks (hawks 2 and 3) each were inoculated orally with 12,000 tissue cysts of a mixture of 8 isolates of t. gondii. none of the hawks developed clinical signs of toxoplasmosis. serum antibodies were measured with the modified direct agglutination test using formalin-fixed tachyz ... | 1991 | 2010868 |
| lethal toxoplasmosis in a little penguin (eudyptula minor) from tasmania. | a penguin (eudyptula minor) from tasmania, australia, died following a 3-day illness. the liver and spleen parenchyma contained grossly visible foci of discoloration. numerous tachyzoites of toxoplasma gondii were seen associated with necrosis in sections of liver and spleen. the diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of parasites. this apparently is the first report of fatal toxoplasmosis in a penguin. | 1991 | 2010870 |
| parasitic diseases. diseases associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | there are several protozoan infections that cause relatively benign illness in normal individuals but result in severe disease manifestations in patients with aids. these diseases include pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cns toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, and isosporiasis. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) caused by pneumocystis carinii, is the most common opportunistic infection in aids. it is seen in more than 80% of individuals with this syndrome. although historically classified as a pr ... | 1991 | 2011633 |
| automated microparticle enzyme immunoassays for igg and igm antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. | fully automated microparticle enzyme immunoassays (meia) for the imx immunoassay analyser were developed to detect igg and igm antibodies to toxoplasma gondii. the igg meia results are expressed in international units (iu) of igg antibody interpolated from a six point calibration curve covering the range from 0 to 300 iu/ml. reproducible results were obtained from a calibration curve stored in the instrument for at least one month. the qualitative igm meia expresses results as an index using a s ... | 1991 | 2013626 |
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with disseminated toxoplasmosis presenting as an acute pulmonary and gastrointestinal illness. | encephalitis due to the protozoan toxoplasma gondii has emerged as a common cause of central nervous system disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. extraneural disease is less common and more difficult to diagnose. we report a case of widely disseminated toxoplasmosis that presented as acute gastrointestinal and pulmonary disease in a patient without a prior diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis was made only at autopsy. antemortem d ... | 1991 | 2021313 |
| cloning of toxoplasma gondii gene fragments encoding diagnostic antigens. | two toxoplasma gondii gene fragments, which encode polypeptides that can be used as diagnostic antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were cloned and their nucleotide sequence was determined. one of the fragments (derived from the h4 gene) is 682 bp long. the mrna of the single-copy h4 gene is 1300 nt long. the fragment derived from the other gene, termed h11, is 197 bp long. the mrna of the single-copy h11 gene is 1900 nt long. the native polypeptides encoded by the h4 and h11 genes a ... | 1991 | 2022319 |
| a novel igm-indirect hemagglutination test for the serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. | a new indirect hemagglutination (m-toxo-iha) test was standardized for the serodiagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. the reagent for this test consisted of stabilized human red cells coated with a toxoplasma gondii heat-stable alkaline-solubilized extract which reacted predominantly with igm antibodies found in serum samples from patients with a recent infection. almost no reactivity was verified with serum samples from chronic or ancient toxoplasmosis. the reagent preparation was simple and obviate ... | 1991 | 2023058 |
| anti-toxoplasma effects of dapsone alone and combined with pyrimethamine. | the efficacy of dapsone alone or combined with pyrimethamine against toxoplasma gondii was investigated experimentally. for in vitro studies, a sensitive immunoassay was used for assessment of toxoplasma growth in tissue cultures; dapsone was found to have a significant inhibitory effect at a concentration of 0.5 micrograms/ml in the cultures, and the 50% inhibitory concentration was estimated to be 0.55 micrograms/ml. when pyrimethamine and dapsone were combined, an important synergistic effect ... | 1991 | 2024957 |
| remarkable in vitro and in vivo activities of the hydroxynaphthoquinone 566c80 against tachyzoites and tissue cysts of toxoplasma gondii. | compound 566c80, 2-[trans-4-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, was studied for its in vitro and in vivo activities against toxoplasma gondii. replication within human foreskin fibroblasts of tachyzoites of seven different strains, five of them isolated from aids patients, was inhibited by concentrations as low as 4.8 x 10(-9) m. in vivo, a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight per day, administered by gavage for 10 days, protected 100% of mice against death due to infection wit ... | 1991 | 2024964 |
| use of mouse macrophage cell lines for in vitro propagation of toxoplasma gondii rh tachyzoites. | in most laboratories, toxoplasma gondii is maintained in mice and is studied in vitro using nonlymphoid cell lines or primary mouse macrophages. in this study, three rapidly dividing mouse macrophage cell lines (j774 a.1, p388d1, raw264.7) were evaluated for their suitability for studying the rh strain of t. gondii. for comparison, tachyzoites were also grown in two slowly dividing epithelial cell types: a rat lung cell line (l2) and a bovine turbinate cell line (bt). various inocula of t. gondi ... | 1991 | 2031052 |
| development of a serologic assay for cysticercosis, using an antigen isolated from taenia spp cyst fluid. | an ammonium sulfate-soluble fraction of taenia hydatigena cyst fluid (thfas) was further evaluated for use in the immunodiagnosis of cysticercosis. analysis of thfas by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and protein immunoblot analysis confirmed earlier reports of a highly specific, low molecular weight antigen in this preparation; in contrast, other components of thfas were shown to react nonspecifically. antibodies against the less than 12-kd diagnostic antigen were dete ... | 1991 | 2035923 |
| characterization of the protein contents of rhoptries and dense granules of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites by subcellular fractionation and monoclonal antibodies. | a subcellular fractionation procedure has been established to isolate the rhoptries of toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites on a self-generating percoll gradient. the rhoptry fraction also contains dense granules. monoclonal antibodies have been raised against the fraction and used to identify major proteins in the organelles by immunoelectron microscopy and western blotting. six major rhoptry proteins (60.5 kda, pi 5.8; 55, 57, 59, 60 kda, all of pi over 8; 42 kda, pi 4.8) and 3 dense granule proteins ... | 1991 | 2038358 |
| neospora-like encephalomyelitis in a calf: pathology, ultrastructure, and immunoreactivity. | protozoal encephalomyelitis was diagnosed in a 3-day-old calf that was stunted, weak, and recumbent. grossly, the calf had contracted tendons in the forelegs, a slightly doomed skull, a porencephalic cyst in the cerebellum, ulcerative esophagitis, and abomasitis. histologically, there was a multifocal nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with clusters of protozoal tachyzoites and numerous protozoal cysts. the porencephalic cyst and gastrointestional lesions appeared to be unrelated to the protozoal ... | 1991 | 2039786 |
| in vitro culture and cloning of toxoplasma gondii in a newly established cell line derived from tg180. | a new non-adherent cell line derived from spontaneous mutation of tg180 cells was adapted to in vitro culture in a defined culture medium. this cell line can be used for in vitro production and cloning of toxoplasma gondii by limiting dilution. | 1991 | 2040563 |
| murine immune responses to recombinant toxoplasma gondii antigens. | recombinant proteins of the rh strain of toxoplasma gondii were produced by expression in escherichia coli as glutathione s-transferase (gst) fusion proteins. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were established using 2 of these fusion proteins termed h4/gst and h11/gst. the assays were able to detect antibodies in the sera of mice orally infected with either the cyst or oocyst stage of a pork isolate of t. gondii. in addition, the sera from mice infected with 1 of 4 different t. gondii isolates ... | 1991 | 2040952 |
| fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis in congenital ocular toxoplasmosis. | we report a follow-up after 25 years of a patient with a congenital bilateral ocular toxoplasmosis who developed fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis in her left eye. whether toxoplasma gondii can cause the development of fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis, as our case suggests, or whether the iridocyclitis is a secondary ocular response to other agents, is not yet clear. | 1991 | 2043584 |
| recognition of recombinant toxoplasma gondii antigens by human sera in an elisa. | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that uses one of two recombinant polypeptides, termed h4/gst and h11/gst, as diagnostic antigens for the detection of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in human sera. a total of 59 sera from humans with acute toxoplasmosis, 194 sera from patients with chronic toxoplasmosis, and 151 sera from subjects who were not infected with t. gondii were examined. in all, 68% of the sera from humans with acute toxoplasmosis reacted positively with one o ... | 1991 | 2047367 |
| cell attachment and entry by toxoplasma gondii. | toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite capable of invading and surviving within nearly all nucleated cells. our studies focused on the ligands and receptors mediating parasite attachment to target cells and upon the mechanisms for evasion of intracellular killing once cell invasion is completed. the invasive tachyzoite stage attaches to beta 1 integrins on fibroblasts. attachment is mediated in part by laminin on the parasite surface, which bridges parasite and cell laminin recepto ... | 1991 | 2049038 |
| some aspects of the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis in aids in europe. | the incidence and prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and pneumocystis carinii infections among aids patients in europe are different from those observed in the usa. these differences are probably causally related to differences in host exposure, and sociocultural and nutritional habits. | 1991 | 2060522 |
| an overview of the problem of toxoplasmosis and pneumocystosis in aids in the usa: implication for future therapeutic trials. | by the end of 1989, 18,518 cases of pneumocystis carinii infection and 5,614 cases of toxoplasma gondii infection were reported to the centers for disease control as the aids indicator disease. pneumocystosis did not vary according to gender, race or risk factors; whereas toxoplasmosis was more common in black males with no known risk factors. immigrants to the usa from africa, latin america and haiti are three to four times more likely to develop toxoplasmic encephalitis than american-born pati ... | 1991 | 2060523 |
| treatment of acute toxoplasmosis with intravenous clindamycin. the california collaborative treatment group. | the interim results are presented of an ongoing large-scale, prospective, randomized study to determine the potential role of clindamycin in the treatment of toxoplasmic encephalitis. patients were seropositive for toxoplasma gondii antibodies and had clinical signs compatible with toxoplasmic encephalitis. data was available on 33 patients, 15 of whom received pyrimethamine p.o./clindamycin i.v. and then p.o., and 18 of whom received pyrimethamine p.o./sulfadiazine p.o. the interim evaluation d ... | 1991 | 2060529 |
| [value and limitations of toxoplasmosis serology in hiv patients]. | antibody titers to toxoplasma gondii were studied in 62 aids patients with active toxoplasmosis (cerebral in 42, pulmonary in 10 and ocular in 10), confirmed by biopsy or by imaging techniques with a therapeutic test, and in 1,499 hiv-positive patients. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of antibody assays for the diagnosis of active infection and the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in hiv-positive individuals. igg antibodies to toxoplasma were found in 61 of the 62 aids patients, b ... | 1991 | 2062548 |