| size-polymorphism of mini-exon gene-bearing chromosomes among natural populations of leishmania, subgenus viannia. | in order to explore genomic plasticity at the level of the mini-exon gene-bearing chromosome in natural populations of leishmania, the molecular karyotype of 84 leishmania stocks belonging to subgenus viannia, originating mostly from peru and bolivia, and differing according to eco-geographical and clinical parameters, was resolved and hybridised with a mini-exon probe. the results suggest that size variation of the mini-exon gene-bearing chromosome is frequent and important (up to 245-kb size-d ... | 1999 | 10428631 |
| sensitivity of a vacuum aspiratory culture technique for diagnosis of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transmission. | sixty eight patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from an area with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis transmission had cultures performed with a modified marzochís vacuum aspiratory puncture technique to establish sensitivity and contamination rate with this new method. overall sensitivity of three aspirates was 47.1%; (ci95% 39.4; 59.4) significantly greater than the sensitivity of a single one aspirate. fungal contamination was observed in 6/204 (2.9%) inoculated culture tubes. we re ... | 1999 | 10446010 |
| sensitivity of lymph node aspiration in localized cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. | twenty nine patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis had lymph node and skin ulcer aspirations for culture of leishmania with the modified marzochís vacuum aspiratory technique. sensitivity of lymph node aspiration was 58.6% and 34.5% for skin ulcer aspiration (p=0.06). combined sensitivity of the two methods was 79.3%. there was no agreement between methods (kappa index = -0.084; ci95% -0,45; 0,28) showing the potential complementary roles in diagnostic approach. | 1999 | 10446011 |
| atypical mucocutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis in an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: t-cell responses and remission of lesions associated with antigen immunotherapy. | an atypical case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated mucocutaneous lesions due to leishmania braziliensis is described. many vacuolated macrophages laden with amastigote forms of the parasite were found in the lesions. leishmanin skin test and serology for leishmaniasis were both negative. the patient was resistant to therapy with conventional drugs (antimonial and amphotericin b). interestingly, remission of lesions was achieved after an alternative combined therapy of antimonial a ... | 1999 | 10446016 |
| detection of leishmania infantum in dogs by pcr with lymph node aspirates and blood. | the pcr technique was applied to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis in dogs, both serologically negative and positive. dna was taken from lymph node aspirates and blood. the primers 13a and 13b, derived from leishmania amazonies and leishmania braziliensis kinetoplast dna (kdna), also amplified leishmania infantum ipt1 constant region of minicircle kdna. the amplified fragment is 116 bp long. it was cloned and the sequence was determined. a 70-bp inner fragment was designed and used as a probe in do ... | 1999 | 10449478 |
| leishmania: fine mapping of the leishmanolysin molecule's conserved core domains involved in binding and internalization. | the leishmanolysin molecule's role in the uptake of leishmania parasites by the human u937 pro-myelocytic cell line was studied, using synthetic peptides representing the complete leishmania (viannia) guyanensis leishmanolysin protein amino acid sequence. the particular peptides present in two protein's core domains efficiently impaired the internalization of promastigotes from four different leishmania species and modified the kinetics of the binding of heterologous recombinant leishmanolysin p ... | 1999 | 10464034 |
| contribution to the sand fly fauna (diptera: phlebotominae) of rio grande do sul, brazil and leishmania (viannia) infections. | american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) is endemic in the state of rio grande do sul, brazil. as reports of nearby hospitals suggest, the parque estadual do turvo seems to serve as a source for the disease. during three months from november 1996 to february 1997 we collected, in this park, 2,228 sandflies (10 lutzomyia species and 2 6species). we applied the polymerase chain reaction to 920 females which belong to the following species: lutzomyia migonei, lu. pessoai, lu. fischeri, lu. misionensi ... | 1999 | 10464396 |
| experimental infection of canine peritoneal macrophages with visceral and dermotropic leishmania strains. | a study was carried out using macrophages cultured from the peritoneal exudate of dogs infected in vitro with three species of leishmania: l. (l.) chagasi, l. (viannia) braziliensis and l. (l.) amazonensis with the aim of investigating the growth kinetics and infectivity of these species in the host cell. results were expressed as the percentage of macrophages infected measured at 24 hr intervals over six days in rpmi - 1640 culture medium at a temperature of 34-35 degrees c. the findings open t ... | 1999 | 10464409 |
| natural infections of leishmania peruviana in animals in the peruvian andes. | evidence that domestic dogs may act as reservoir hosts for cutaneous leishmaniasis in the peruvian andes is provided by the isolation, for the first time, from naturally infected dogs of parasites identified (by isoenzymes) as leishmania peruviana. leishmania parasites were isolated from nasal aspirates or biopsies from 5 (1.8%) of 279 asymptomatic dogs samples in endemic villages of the peruvian andes. in addition, leishmania (viannia) infections were identified in 15 (5.4%) of 276 nasal sample ... | 1999 | 10492779 |
| detection of leishmania braziliensis in naturally infected individual sandflies by the polymerase chain reaction. | the natural infection of sandflies by leishmania in wild-caught specimens was studied, using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-hybridization technique. the pcr was carried out using 2 oligonucleotides (primers 3j1 and 3j2) derived from a repetitive nuclear dna sequence. the primers support the enzymatic amplification of a fragment of approximately 500 bp, present in the nuclear dna of leishmania braziliensis. the expected band was observed in 5 of 65 sandflies containing flagellates. after hyb ... | 1999 | 10492789 |
| [a comparative study between sodium stibogluconate bp 88r and meglumine antimoniate in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. i. the efficacy and safety]. | efficacy and safety of meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate bp 88r were compared in cutaneous leishmaniasis treatment in corte de pedra, bahia, an endemic area of leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. an open trial was developed with one hundred twenty seven patients who were diagnosed based on clinical criteria and montenegro's skin test. fifty eight patients were treated with meglumine antimoniate and 69 received sodium stibogluconate. both groups received 20 mg/sb ... | 1999 | 10495667 |
| [the laboratory diagnosis and epidemiology of cutaneous leishmaniasis in paraná state, southern brazil]. | between 1986 and 1997 a total of 1418 patients were examined at the clinical analysis teaching and research laboratory of maringá state university (lepac/uem) for cutaneous leishmaniasis by direct examination of stained smears made from the lesions, the montenegro skin test and the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. nine hundred and fifty five patients (67.3%) were positive for at least one of the three tests and of these 804 (84.2%) were considered to have contracted the disease in paran ... | 1999 | 10495672 |
| down-regulation of th1 type of response in early human american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | this study examined the t cell responses in the early phase of leishmania braziliensis infection. cytokine profiles, lymphoproliferative responses, and skin test results in 25 patients with early cutaneous leishmaniasis (ecl; illness duration <60 days) were compared with those in persons with late cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl; illness duration >2 months). absent or low lymphoproliferative responses were observed in 8 (32%) of 25 patients and an absence of interferon (ifn)-gamma production in 9 ( ... | 1999 | 10515843 |
| out-patient parenteral antimicrobial therapy--a viable option for the management of cutaneous leishmaniasis. | cutaneous infection with leishmania braziliensis complex requires treatment with parenteral pentavalent antimonials to prevent development of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. patients with imported disease are usually managed in hospital because of concerns over drug toxicity. this study describes the clinical features and outcome of infection treated in the uk in an out-patient setting. thirteen marines (aged 19-35 years) who acquired leishmaniasis in belize were studied prospectively. three had at ... | 1999 | 10542306 |
| polymerase chain reaction-based identification of new world leishmania species complexes by specific kdna probes. | here we define a new approach for the detection and characterisation of leishmania complexes by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and specific hybridisation. the first step consists of pcr amplification of kdna minicircles using general kinetoplastid primers, which generate a polymorphic multi-banding pattern for all leishmania species and other kinetoplastidae. the second step is the identification of the leishmania species complexes by hybridisation of the pcr products with specific kdna probes. ... | 1999 | 10546846 |
| is the domestic dog (canis familiaris) a reservoir host of american cutaneous leishmaniasis? a critical review of the current evidence. | originally associated with forested areas, the transmission cycle of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) has now adapted to the domestic environment in at least 9 latin american countries. several studies have suggested that the domestic dog (canis familiaris), which is already incriminated as the primary reservoir host of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (zvl), may have a reservoir role in the domestic transmission of human acl caused by leishmania braziliensis, l. panamensis, and l. peruvian ... | 1999 | 10548285 |
| studies on the effectiveness of diarylheptanoids derivatives against leishmania amazonensis. | in a previous work we demonstrated that diarylheptanoids extracted from centrolobium sclerophyllum are very active against leishmania amazonensis promastigotes. in order to continue our studies with these class of compounds, we decided to evaluate the activity of several diarylheptanoids derived from curcumin (diferuloyl methane) against the extracellular form (promastigotes) of l. amazonensis. furthermore, an experiment against the intracellular form of the parasite (amastigotes) was carried ou ... | 1999 | 10585657 |
| genetic analysis of leishmania parasites in ecuador: are leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (v.) guyanensis distinct taxa? | in the course of an epidemiologic survey in ecuador, the following collection of leishmania stocks was isolated: 28 from patients with clinical signs of leishmaniasis, 2 from sloths, 1 from a dog, and 4 from sand flies. for genetic characterization of these stocks, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) were used. twenty six of the 35 stocks were identified as either leishmania (v.) panamensis or l. (v.) guyanensis, 2 stocks were identified as l. (v. ... | 1999 | 10586922 |
| morphometric and phenetic studies of five geographical populations of lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) in brazil. | a morphometric survey examined adult specimens of lutzomyia whitmani (antunes & coutinho) captured at 5 municipalities in southeastern and northeastern brazil to compare the populations. the localities were ilhéus (bahia), martinho campos (minas gerais), corte de pedra (bahia), baturité (ceará), and amaraji (pernambuco): all are known foci of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. fifteen males and 15 females from each population were analyzed morphometrically for 42 and 37 characters, respectively. ... | 1999 | 10593089 |
| characterization of leishmania sp. strains isolated from autochthonous cases of human cutaneous leishmaniasis in santa catarina state, southern brazil. | four leishmania sp. samples were isolated from autochthonous human cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) in santa catarina state, southern brazil. these strains were characterized using indirect immunofluorescence with a panel of leishmania-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), and by pcr amplification and hybridization assay of the mini-exon gene with group specific probes. the results obtained with the mabs were in agreement with the genetic marker. two isolates (mhom/br/89/jsc89-h1 ... | 2000 | 10643912 |
| humoral immune responses among mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis patients caused by leishmania braziliensis. | mucosal leishmaniasis is arguably the most morbid sequelae of cutaneous leishmaniasis. the importance of early diagnosis for effective therapy, coupled with the difficulty of diagnosing the disease parasitologically, prompted this investigation of humoral immune markers of mucosal disease. promastigote soluble antigens of leishmania braziliensis, isolated from cutaneous and mucosal lesions, were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; antigens were identified by i ... | 1999 | 10647040 |
| south american cutaneous leishmaniasis of the eyelids: report of five cases in rio de janeiro state, brazil. | to describe american cutaneous leishmaniasis of the eyelids and highlight the main clinical and diagnostic features of lesions, which are rare in this location. | 2000 | 10647737 |
| use of pcr to detect leishmania (viannia) spp. in dog blood and bone marrow. | a pcr-based protocol for the detection of leishmania (viannia) parasites in canine blood, buffy coat, and bone marrow was developed and was then tested with field samples taken from a random sample of 545 dogs from villages in peru where leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and leishmania (viannia) peruviana are endemic. comparative tests with cultured parasites mixed with dog blood showed that the pcr assay's sensitivity was significantly dependent on the dna extraction protocol and the pcr primer ... | 2000 | 10655379 |
| leishmania braziliensis promastigotes and amastigotes interact differently with host macrophages. | in vitro and in vivo ultrastructral studies reveal that the parasite entrance into the macrophage occurs by phagocytosis. the early stage of phagocytosis exhibited different ultrastructural characteristics in both forms of the parasite. long and prominent projections from peritoneal exudate macrophages made focal contacts with the promastigote surface. the amastigotes, in turn, laid on cup-shaped extensions of the macrophage membrane. later stages of the phagocytosis are characterized by progres ... | 1993 | 10691341 |
| epidemiological surveys confirm an increasing burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis in north-east brazil. | health service records for north-east brazil suggest a consistent rise in numbers of cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis over the past decade. in a study site in pernambuco, prospective, cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological surveys of infection (a positive montenegro skin test response) and/or clinical symptoms confirmed a high current force of infection (0.092/year), and an approximately 10-fold increase in transmission during the last 10 years ... | 1999 | 10696402 |
| identification of potentially diagnostic leishmania braziliensis antigens in human cutaneous leishmaniasis by immunoblot analysis. | the antibody response in patients with american cutaneous leishmaniasis was analyzed by immunoblotting with soluble and insoluble antigens of leishmania braziliensis. the recognition of the 27- and/or 30-kda soluble antigens was considered relevant for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. immunoblotting was found to be significantly more sensitive and specific than indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | 2000 | 10702514 |
| delayed culture of leishmania in skin biopsies. | between january 1997 and october 1998, 16 skin biopsies collected from 13 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in french guiana were inoculated in culture medium after travel for 3-17 days from the place of biopsy to the culture laboratory in france. each biopsy fragment was introduced near the flame of a bunsen burner into the transport medium (rpmi medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum) which was maintained at ambient temperature during postal delivery to france. in france the biopsie ... | 1999 | 10717763 |
| detection of early apoptosis and cell death in t cd4+ and cd8+ cells from lesions of patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis. | human localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl), induced by leishmania braziliensis, ranges from a clinically mild, self-healing disease with localized cutaneous lesions to severe forms which can present secondary metastatic lesions. the t cell-mediated immune response is extremely important to define the outcome of the disease; however, the underlying mechanisms involved are not fully understood. a flow cytometric analysis of incorporation of 7-amino actinomycin d and cd4+ or cd8+ t cell surface ... | 2000 | 10719384 |
| cytotoxicity and antileishmanial activity of annona muricata pericarp. | hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of annona muricata pericarp were tested in vitro against leishmania braziliensis and l. panamensis promastigotes, and against cell line u-937. the ethyl acetate extract was more active than the other extracts and even of glucantime used as reference substance. its fractionation led to the isolation of three acetogenins--annonacin, annonacin a and annomuricin a. | 2000 | 10727816 |
| glycerol kinase of trypanosoma brucei. cloning, molecular characterization and mutagenesis. | trypanosoma brucei contains two tandemly arranged genes for glycerol kinase. the downstream gene was analysed in detail. it contains an orf for a polypeptide of 512 amino acids. the polypeptide has a calculated molecular mass of 56 363 da and a pi of 8.6. comparison of the t. brucei glycerol kinase amino-acid sequence with the glycerol kinase sequences available in databases revealed positional identities of 39.0-50.4%. the t. brucei glycerol kinase gene was overexpressed in escherichia coli cel ... | 2000 | 10759857 |
| polymerase chain reaction as a diagnostic tool for detecting leishmania. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been used to identify a leishmania parasite in a cutaneous ulcer from a 27-year-old patient infected during travel in peru. the available classical diagnostic methods could not confirm the diagnosis in a sufficiently short time. therefore, two sets of oligonucleotides were designed and with both of them fragments of the expected size were obtained. the sequence of the fragment derived from kinetoplast dna corresponds to the leishmania viannia complex. polymera ... | 2000 | 10782398 |
| distinct innate and acquired immune responses to leishmania in putative susceptible and resistant human populations endemically exposed to l. (viannia) panamensis infection. | mechanisms of constitutive and acquired susceptibility/resistance to leishmania viannia panamensis (l. (v ) p.) were investigated in endemically exposed human populations presenting either recurrent disease (putative susceptible) or subclinical infection (clinically resistant). cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity response to leishmanin was significantly lower among individuals experiencing recurrent leishmaniasis than among those whose skin test converted without developing the disease. mono ... | 2000 | 10792848 |
| detection of intracytoplasmic cytokines by flow cytometry. | flow cytometry has been used as a powerful technique for studying cell surface antigen expression as well as intracellular molecules. its capability of analyzing multiple parameters simultaneously on a single cell has allowed identification and studies of functional cell subsets within heterogeneous populations. in this respect, several techniques have been developed during the past few years to study cytokine-producing cells by flow cytometry in humans and several animal models. | 2000 | 10800199 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the 5' subterminal region of isolates of leishmania rna virus-1. | leishmania rna virus-1 (lrv1) is a double-stranded rna virus present in some leishmania species. the virus genome consists of a 450-nucleotide, 5' untranslated region (utr) followed by the coat gene and the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp). it has been shown that the 5' end utr of the genome promotes internal initiation of translation in an in-vitro assay, indicating the presence of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) element upstream of the coat gene. the nucleotide sequences of the 5' s ... | 2000 | 10827867 |
| leishmania (viannia) guyanensis: a new minicircle class exclusive to this specie isolated from a dna cosmid library useful for taxonomic purposes. | a new minicircle class exclusive to this specie isolated from a dna cosmid library useful for taxonomic purposes. experimental parasitology 94, 143-149. in this paper we describe a new minicircle class exclusive to leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. the minicircle class was obtained with the aid of a total dna cosmid library. the library was screened with an ecori fragment isolated from l. (v.) guyanensis (m4147). after screening seven clones were selected which showed strong hybridisation. clones ... | 2000 | 10831378 |
| is leishmania (viannia) peruviana a distinct species? a mlee/rapd evolutionary genetics answer. | a set of 38 leishmania stocks from the andean valleys of peru was characterized by both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mlee) and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd). data were analyzed in terms of taxonomy and evolutionary genetics. synapomorphic mlee and rapd characters, clear-cut clustering, and strong agreement between the phylogenies inferred from either mlee or rapd supported the view that leishmania (viannia) peruviana and leishmania (viannia) braziliensis correspond to two closely ... | 2000 | 10847336 |
| mucosal leishmaniasis presenting as sinusitis and optic neuropathy. | | 2000 | 10865330 |
| [outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in canoa, santo amaro, bahia, brazil]. | an outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) was detected in the village of canoa in 1993. a prospective observational study was outlined to determine the frequency rates and to clinically characterize the disease. a total of 555 people were followed up. there were 29 cases of acl, 11 cases of probably previous acl (scars) and 529 healthy individuals. of these 529 individuals, 65 had a positive montenegro reaction without any present or past evidence of leishmaniasis. the prevalence of ... | 1999 | 10881082 |
| [mefloquine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis]. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mefloquine in the treatment of skin leishmaniasis in patients infected with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis at an endemic region. mefloquine is an oral drug effective against malaria with a prolonged half-life, less toxicity and easier administration than pentavalent antimonials. at corte de pedra in the southern litoral of bahia state, two randomized groups of ten patients with leishmaniasis were treated. the first group was treated with o ... | 1999 | 10881087 |
| molecular and biologic characterization of leishmania parasites implicated in an epidemic outbreak in northwestern argentina. | leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and its variants were implicated in the epidemic outbreak of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis that occurred in salta, northwestern argentina, in 1985. a total of 24 suspected, untreated cases were evaluated clinically and parasitologically. four of five stable isolates were consistent with the reference strain of l. (v.) braziliensis as determined by monoclonal antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence or radioimmunobinding assays. zymodeme analysis in agarose gels ... | 2000 | 10894479 |
| [epidemiologic aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area of the state of paraná, brazil] | an epidemiological investigation of cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) was performed in 1992 and 1993 in an endemic area of jussara and terra boa counties, in the northern paraná state. the study covered 684 individuals from a population of approximately 1,400 from six agricultural areas (fazenda palmital, cerâmica andirá, fazenda jussara, fazenda lagoa, destilaria melhoramentos, and fazenda mururê) in northern paraná, brazil. the mean frequency of cl history was 19.9%. the highest frequency was at fa ... | 1996 | 10904316 |
| genomic rearrangements in trypanosomatids: an alternative to the "one gene" evolutionary hypotheses? | most molecular trees of trypanosomatids are based on point mutations within dna sequences. in contrast, there are very few evolutionary studies considering dna (re) arrangement as genetic characters. waiting for the completion of the various parasite genome projects, first information may already be obtained from chromosome size-polymorphism, using the appropriate algorithms for data processing. three illustrative models are presented here. first, the case of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis/l. ... | 2000 | 10904411 |
| analysis of genetic diversity of trypanosoma cruzi: an application of riboprinting and gradient gel electrophoresis methods. | analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) profiles derived from digestion of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) products of the ribosomal 18s from trypanosoma cruzi yields a typical 'riboprint' profile that can vary intraspecifically. a selection of 21 stocks of t. cruzi and three outgroup taxa: t. rangeli, t. conorhini and leishmania braziliensis were analysed by riboprinting to assess divergence within and between taxa. t. rangeli, t. conorhini and l. braziliensis could be easil ... | 2000 | 10904413 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis following local trauma: a clinical pearl. | cutaneous leishmaniasis is acquired from the bite of an infected sand fly and can result in chronic skin lesions that develop within weeks to months after a bite. local trauma has been implicated as a precipitating event in the development of skin lesions in patients who have been infected with leishmania species. here we report a case series and review the literature on patients who developed cutaneous leishmaniasis after local trauma, which may familiarize clinicians with this presentation. | 2000 | 10913426 |
| american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) in rio de janeiro state, brazil: main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics. | rio de janeiro state in brazil is an endemic area of american tegumentary leishmaniasis (atl) induced by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. objective our purpose was to describe the main clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of the disease in rio de janeiro state. | 2000 | 10940114 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis is a major world health problem, which is increasing in incidence. in northern europe it is seen in travellers returning from endemic areas. the protozoa is transmitted by sandflies and may produce a variety of clinical syndromes varying from a simple ulcer to fatal systemic disease. this review considers the management of simple cutaneous leishmaniasis. patients usually have a single ulcer which may heal spontaneously, requiring only topical, or no treatment at all. lesions caused ... | 2000 | 11012586 |
| cloning of telomere-associated dna using single-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction provides evidence for a conserved sequence directly adjacent to theileria parva telomeric repeats. | telomere-associated (ta) dna sequences of the intracellular protozoan parasite theileria parva were isolated by a novel strategy using a modified version of single-specific-primer polymerase chain reaction (ssp-pcr). nucleotide sequences of non-coding ta dna from three telomeres (6017bp, 2435bp and 4859bp) contained no extensive tracts of repetitive dna. long open reading frames (orfs) were present at the centromeric ends of two of the ta sequences, the 3' ends of the closest orfs being only 267 ... | 2000 | 11024301 |
| [socioeconomic factors and attitudes towards household prevention of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in an endemic area in southern bahia, brazil]. | a survey was conducted to identify socioeconomic conditions and attitudes towards household prevention of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in corte de pedra, located in the county of tancredo neves, an endemic region in southern bahia, brazil. a questionnaire was applied in july 1997, focusing on social and economic variables, habits, and attitudes towards prevention of arthropod bites. all families (100%) living in the study area were surveyed, comprising 168 households with 851 individuals. ap ... | 2000 | 11035509 |
| lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) as vector of leishmania (v.) braziliensis in paraná state, southern brazil. | the phlebotomine sandflies in the northern areas of the state of paraná, brazil, particularly those in the '16a' health region, were investigated over a 3-year period. using cdc light traps (with and without hamster bait) and shannon traps (with lights and horse or human bait), 16 species were collected from seven municipal districts which were known foci for cutaneous leishmaniasis: arapongas; apucarana; cambira; marumbi; faxinal; florestópolis; and sabáudia. although the frequency at which eac ... | 2000 | 11064764 |
| cellular immune responses to leishmania braziliensis in patients with aids-associated american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | | 2000 | 11132391 |
| use of itraconazole in the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: a pilot study. | mucocutaneous leishmaniasis is widely distributed in brazil, with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis being the major etiologic agent. the currently recommended therapy is limited by its parenteral use, high toxicity, and variable efficacy. a clinical pilot study was conducted to analyze itraconazole as an oral alternative for the treatment of mucocutaneous leishmaniasis. | 2000 | 11179919 |
| in vitro and in vivo leishmanicidal activity of 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (lapachol). | this study aims to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo leishmanicidal activity of lapachol, a naphthoquinone found in the seeds and heartwood of certain tropical plants, and to compare its efficacy with a reference drug, sodium stibogluconate (pentostam(r)). these compounds (0.0125-4.0 mg/ml) were evaluated in vitro against intracellular amastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (lvb), then tested in an animal model (hamster) to try to reproduce the leishmanicidal activity. in vitro, lapach ... | 2001 | 11180522 |
| intraspecific heterogeneity in the mini-exon gene localization of leishmania (viannia) panamensis and leishmania (viannia) guyanensis from colombia. | intraspecific heterogeneity was demonstrated in the mini-exon gene localization from leishmania (viannia) panamensis and l. (viannia) guyanensis. different karyotypes were detected in human isolates circulating in endemic areas of colombia. the presence of mini-exon gene sequences on chromosomes of different sizes, ranging from 370 to 800 kb in l. (v.) panamensis and from 500 to 800 kb in l. (v.) guyanensis, was observed and was neither strain nor species specific. in some cases, hybridization w ... | 2000 | 11191900 |
| sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous infections: etiology, diagnosis and therapy. | sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous infection is an uncommon syndrome that is often misdiagnosed and improperly treated. of the several hundred cases seen each year in the united states, the majority are caused by sporothrix schenckii, nocardia brasiliensis, mycobacterium marinum or leishmania brasiliensis. the "sporotrichoid" disease begins at a site of distal inoculation and leads to the development of nodular lymphangitis. systemic symptoms are characteristically absent. by recognizing the distinct ... | 2001 | 11201697 |
| an interesting outbreak of leishmaniasis in a family in the state of rio de janeiro. | | 2001 | 11277964 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by members of leishmania braziliensis complex in nayarit, state of mexico. | an epidemiological study was carried out in the northern mexican state, nayarit. fourteen patients with possible cutaneous leishmaniasis skin lesions gave positive montenegro skin tests. biopsies were taken from the skin ulcer and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with specific primers for the leishmania mexicana complex; however all biopsies were not amplified. pcr carried out with specific primers for the l. braziliensis complex resulted in the amplification of all patient dna. dna f ... | 2001 | 11285471 |
| flow cytometric determination of cellular sources and frequencies of key cytokine-producing lymphocytes directed against recombinant lack and soluble leishmania antigen in human cutaneous leishmaniasis. | leishmaniasis, caused by infection with the protozoan parasite leishmania, affects millions of individuals worldwide, causing serious morbidity and mortality. this study directly determined the frequency of cells producing key immunoregulatory cytokines in response to the recombinant antigen leishmania homolog of receptors for activated kinase c (lack) and soluble leishmania antigen (sla), and it determined relative contributions of these antigens to the overall cytokine profile in individuals i ... | 2001 | 11292745 |
| [effect of intralesional treatment with emetine hydrochloride on leishmania (viannia) braziliensis in hamsters]. | the therapeutic effect of the emetine hydrochloride alkaloid administered intralesionally was compared with that of standard parenteral treatment with glucantime in outbred male hamsters experimentally infected with 4 x 10(3) amastigotes of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis. both chemotherapeutic agents reduced significantly (p < 0.01) the average lesion sizes in experimental animals in comparison with those untreated. the alkaloid infiltration was found to be as effective as the antimonial inje ... | 2001 | 11294031 |
| comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis in brazil: clinical findings and diagnostic approach. | we compared the clinical findings and diagnostic methods for 66 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of bahia, brazil, who were infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (group a), with those for 68 patients in the state of amazonas, brazil, who were mainly infected by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis (group b). differences were observed with regard to number, size, and location of skin lesions and to the pattern of lymphatic involvement. patients in group b had smaller and more ... | 2001 | 11303265 |
| small-scale isolation of high molecular weight dna from leishmania braziliensis. | in this paper, we report a method for isolation of high molecular weight dna from leishmania promastigotes. this technique is especially indicated for small-scale purification of dna suitable for the construction of highly representative genomic libraries. in our protocol, lysis buffer is compatible with rnase treatment, avoiding an additional precipitation step and consequent shearing of dna. in order to prove the quality of the dna isolated by this method, a leishmania braziliensis genomic lib ... | 2000 | 10958468 |
| nuclear dna sequence specific to leishmania (viannia) subgenus: a molecular marker for species identification. | as shown by rflp analysis, there is a high variability in the beta-tubulin gene region of leishmania sp. such variability has been used in the identification of these parasites, establishing differences between subgenera of new world leishmania. we have found a region of 500 bp (beta500) upstream of the coding region of the beta-tubulin gene that is present in all strains tested belonging to the l. (viannia) subgenus. this region apparently is a repetitive sequence and we have shown that it is s ... | 2001 | 11315173 |
| clonal diversity in the expression and stability of the metastatic capability of leishmania guyanensis in the golden hamster. | metastatic disease is a major concern of dermal leishmaniasis caused by leishmania of the viannia subgenus. the golden hamster provides an experimental model of systemic dissemination and cutaneous metastasis of leishmania viannia. we have exploited this model to examine the expression of parasite virulence in cloned populations derived from a strain of l. guyanensis previously shown to be highly metastatic in the hamster. metastatic capacity manifested as dissemination throughout the lymphoid o ... | 2000 | 10958458 |
| dynamics of the antibody response in patients with therapeutic or spontaneous cure of american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | the antigen specificity and the level of the antibody response were analysed in perambuco state, brazil, in sera collected in 1995-96 from 58 patients with clinical american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl), 25 acl patients with apparent cure after chemotherapy with meglumine antimonate, and 10 acl patients with spontaneous cure. assessment was by immunoblot analysis, elisa and indirect immunofluorescence, with leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigens, with a particular interest in evaluating whe ... | 2001 | 11355562 |
| cultivation and characterization of stable leishmania guyanensis complex axenic amastigotes derived from infected u937 cells. | the study of the differential regulation of several genes, in both leishmania parasite life cycle forms, has been simplified by the development of in vitro axenic amastigote culture. different reports have described extracellular amastigote production and maintenance from several leishmania spp. a general approach to induce amastigote-like transformation includes progressive ph and temperature changes. production of axenic amastigotes in continuous cultures using amastigotes recovered from macro ... | 2000 | 11357988 |
| [study of the vectorial competence of lutzomyia intermedia (lutz & neiva, 1912) for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis, vianna, 1911]. | this paper investigated the vectorial competence of lutzomyia intermedia (diptera: psychodidae) in vale do ribeira (sp) to strains of leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (kinetoplastida: trypanosomatidae), by means of a search for natural infection; exposure of wild and colonized females (f1) to the lesions of experimentally infected hamsters and transmission tests by bite. the natural infection and the transmission tests were negative. in the exposures of lu. intermedia to infected lesions we fou ... | 2001 | 11391441 |
| sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) guyanensis. | the sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in 35 consecutive outpatients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia) guyanensis was evaluated using, as gold standard, the in vitro isolation of the parasite through culture of aspirates of the cutaneous ulcers. all isolates were identified using electrophoretic enzyme analysis. patients were mainly young males with recent onset disease without prior specific treatment. pcr was performed using dna extracted from fresh fr ... | 2001 | 11412806 |
| treatment failure in children in a randomized clinical trial with 10 and 20 days of meglumine antimonate for cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania viannia species. | clinical response to supervised treatment of colombian patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis was evaluated in a randomized controlled trial comparing 10 days versus 20 days of treatment with meglumine antimonate (20 mg sb/kg/day). masked examiners evaluated clinical response defined as 100% re-epithelialization of all lesions at 13 weeks and no relapses during 52 weeks of follow-up. the efficacy of meglumine antimonate for 10 days' treatment was 61% (28 of 46) compared to 67% (24 of 36) for 20 d ... | 2001 | 11442216 |
| influence of clinical presentation on the efficacy of a short course of pentamidine in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in french guiana. | the cure 'rates' achieved using intramuscular pentamidine isethionate (two injections of 4 mg/kg separated by an interval of 48 h) were investigated in french guiana, in 198 consecutive patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania braziliensis guyanensis. one aim was to see if initial clinical presentation could be used to predict treatment failure. the cure rate after one course of pentamidine isethionate was 87% and almost all (80%) of the treatment failures responded to an ident ... | 2001 | 11454242 |
| [tegumentary leishmaniasis in area with epidemic levels of transmission, salta, argentina, 1998]. | the incidence of tegumentary leishmaniasis increased in october 1997, in an area close to oran city, province of salta. the leishmaniasis' epidemiology and the entomology of this outbreak were studied during june 1998 at paraje las carmelitas and río blanco, places with high reported incidence. the prevalence of infection (montenegro skin test reactive) was 171/1000 inhabitants in paraje las carmelitas and 790/1000 in río blanco, while the rates of leishmaniasis' incidence (active ulcers) were 7 ... | 2001 | 11474875 |
| immunological selection for leishmania (viannia) braziliensis antigens. | comparative elisa and selective immunoblotting procedures were used in attempts to identify differential serological indicators of infection with the leishmania (viannia) braziliensis complex, infection with the l. braziliensis species, and therapeutic cure of localized or mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (lcl or mcl). although mean elisa absorbance values were significantly higher for mcl sera than for lcl sera, absorbance could not be used as a reliable indicator of the clinical form of disease. im ... | 2001 | 11487369 |
| potent stimulation of the innate immune system by a leishmania brasiliensis recombinant protein. | the interaction of the innate immune system with the microbial world involves primarily two sets of molecules generally known as microbial pattern recognition receptors and microbial pattern recognition molecules, respectively. examples of the former are the toll receptors present particularly in macrophages and dendritic cells. conversely, the microbial pattern recognition molecules are conserved protist homopolymers, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides, lipoteichoic acids, peptidoglycans, gl ... | 2001 | 11500395 |
| force of infection and evolution of lesions of canine tegumentary leishmaniasis in northwestern argentina. | a clinical-serological follow-up was carried out in a canine population in endemic foci of leishmania braziliensis spread in northwestern argentina. each dog was studied in at least two visits, 309+/-15 days (x+/-se) apart. some initially healthy dogs (n=52) developed seroconversion or lesions. the clinical evolution of the disease in dogs resembles in many aspects the human disease. similarities include the long duration of most ulcers with occasional healing or appearance of new ones and the l ... | 2001 | 11500762 |
| effect of lutzomyia whitmani (diptera: psychodidae) salivary gland lysates on leishmania (viannia) braziliensis infection in balb/c mice. | previous reports showed that lutzomyia longipalpis saliva exacerbate leishmania braziliensis infection in mice. the sand fly lu. whitmani is one of the vectors of l. (viannia) braziliensis (lvb), a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of ceará, brazil. to determine whether saliva of lu. whitmani could increase the infectivity of lvb in mice, we inoculated groups of balb/c mice with lvb promastigotes in the presence or absence of the salivary glands lysate from lu. whitmani. we ... | 2001 | 11313642 |
| a first case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) lainsoni in bolivia. | we present the first known case of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) lainsoni detected in bolivia. the parasite was isolated from a young girl living in the subtropical region of carrasco (900-1000 m above sea level, caranavi province, department of la paz, bolivia). the parasite identification was confirmed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. | 2001 | 11579876 |
| flow cytometry, a useful tool for detecting the lethal effect of pentamidine on leishmania viannia complex promastigote forms. | flow cytometry (fc), combined with propidium iodide as supravital colorant, was used to study leishmania(subgenus viannia)panamensis [l (v) panamensis] complex strain susceptibility to meglumine antimoniate, sodium stibogluconate and pentamidine. despite all drugs examined being leishmanicidal to axenic forms in in vitro trials (in the presence of macrophages), axenic amastigotes directly exposed to these drugs were highly resistant under our experimental conditions. a direct lethal effect on pr ... | 2001 | 11592861 |
| inhibition of macrophage invasion by monoclonal antibodies specific to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes and characterisation of their antigens. | monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognise leishmania (viannia) braziliensis promastigotes were produced and termed sst-2, sst-3 and sst-4. sst-2 recognises a conformational epitope present in a 24-28 kda doublet and in a 72 kda component, as verified by western blotting. indirect immunofluorescence showed that the antigen recognised by sst-2 is distributed homogeneously on the parasite surface. sst-3 recognises a flagellar glycoprotein of approximately 180 kda. the reactivity of this mab ... | 2001 | 11595232 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniasis]. | | 2001 | 11603121 |
| leishmanial antigens in the diagnosis of active lesions and ancient scars of american tegumentary leishmaniasis patients. | cutaneous biopsies (n = 94) obtained from 88 patients with american tegumentary leishmaniasis were studied by conventional and immunohistochemical techniques. specimens were distributed as active lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 53) (group i), cicatricial lesions of cutaneous leishmaniasis (n = 35) (group ii) and suggestive scars of healed mucosal leishmaniasis patients (n = 6) (group iii). in addition, active cutaneous lesions of other etiology (n = 24) (group c1) and cutaneous scars not ... | 2001 | 11685267 |
| dissociation between vasodilation and leishmania infection-enhancing effects of sand fly saliva and maxadilan. | in this study, the ability of maxadilan and lutzomyia longipalpis salivary gland lysate to enhance the infection of cba mice by leishmania major and of balb/c mice by l. braziliensis was tested. no difference was observed between sizes of lesion in cba mice infected with l. major and treated or not with salivary gland lysate or maxadilan, although they were injected in concentrations that induced cutaneous vasodilation. although parasites were more frequently observed in foot pads and spleens of ... | 2001 | 11685268 |
| comparison of cutaneous leishmaniasis due to leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis in brazil: therapeutic response to meglumine antimoniate. | we conducted a quasi-experimental study to compare the response to meglumine antimoniate in patients with localized cutaneous leishmaniasis from two endemic areas of brazil that were infected by two leishmania species. sixty-one were infected by leishmania (viannia) braziliensis (group b) and 57 by l. (v.) guyanensis (group g). all had a parasitologically proven diagnosis and were treated with 20 mg of pentavalent antimonial (sbv)/kg/day given intravenously or intramuscularly for 20 days. main o ... | 2001 | 11716098 |
| use of dna-based diagnostic methods for human leishmaniasis in minas gerais, brazil. | dna hybridisation was used to type 26 samples from lesions of human patients from the rio doce valley (minas gerais, brazil) clinically diagnosed as having cutaneous leishmaniasis, using kinetoplast dna (kdna) cloned mini-circle probes specific for the leishmania mexicana and leishmania braziliensis complexes. all samples were found to belong to the l. braziliensis complex. when biopsies were pressed directly onto touch blot membranes 38.5% of the samples were positive. the positivity and specif ... | 2001 | 11311189 |
| attempt to differentiate leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, l. (l.) chagasi, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis using the ssr-pcr technique. | the ability to differentiate reference strains of leishmania (leishmania) amazonensis, l. (l.) chagasi, leishmania (viannia) braziliensis and l. (v.) guyanensis was evaluated using the simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction (ssr-pcr) technique. this technique differentiates the leishmania species, generating distinct dna amplicon profiles. the ssr-pcr profiles were similar to but more reproducible than those produced by rapd. ssr-pcr is presented as an alternative to other molecular me ... | 2001 | 11763439 |
| immunoglobulin e antileishmanial antibody response in cutaneous leishmaniasis. | high levels of antileishmanial immunoglobulin e (ige) antibodies are associated with disease activity in visceral leishmaniasis. herein, we report our observations about the relationship between antileishmanial ige antibodies and clinical aspects of cutaneous leishmaniasis. this study was carried out with 45 patients (29 male and 16 female), with ages ranging from 11 to 48 years. all subjects were from an area to which leishmaniasis is endemic, corte de pedra (bahia, brazil), and the duration of ... | 2002 | 11777837 |
| distribution of sand flies (diptera: psychodidae) at different altitudes in an endemic region of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the state of espírito santo, brazil. | the involvement of different sand fly species in the transmission of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) at different altitudes was evaluated in the municipality of afonso cláudio in the state of espírito santo, brazil, from november 1995 to february 1997. cdc light traps and shannon traps baited with human volunteers were hung simultaneously at three altitudes of a river valley: (a) 650-750 m in an area of active acl transmission; (b) 750-850 m in a transitional area; and (c) 850-950 m in an ... | 2001 | 11784923 |
| epidemiological studies of an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the rio jequitinhonha valley, minas gerais, brazil. | we detected an outbreak of american cutaneous leishmaniasis in the jequitinhonha river valley, minas gerais, brazil. clinical and epidemiological aspects were studied for a period of two years. data include results of physical examinations, montenegro skin test and serology. in total 72 of the 299 individuals evaluated presented active lesions. only one case out of these 72 patients showed the mucosal form of the disease. the precarious sanitary conditions, low educational level and low income f ... | 2002 | 11801221 |
| pcr-based diagnosis of acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by leishmania (viannia). | we evaluated pcr methods for diagnosis of acute and chronic cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) in an area of colombia where leishmania (viannia) is endemic. the pcr method specifically amplified whole linearized minicircle kinetoplast dna (kdna) of the leishmania subgenus viannia from biopsy lysates. pcr products were detected in agarose gels. for 255 acute cases, this pcr method had greater sensitivity (75.7%) than each conventional method, i.e., microscopic examination of giemsa-stained lesion scrap ... | 2002 | 11825977 |
| usefulness of sampling with cotton swab for pcr-diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the new world. | in this study, we tested the polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-method to diagnose cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) by taking exudate materials from lesions with cotton swabs, using our previously tested (pcr) panel comprised of leishmania (viannia) panamensis, l. (v.) braziliensis, l. (v.) guyanensis, l. (leishmania) mexicana and l. (l.) amazonensis. the objectives of the present study were to improve the sampling method convenient for the patients and to test the usefulness of samples taken with cott ... | 2002 | 11835896 |
| t-cell-mediated immune responses in patients with cutaneous or mucosal leishmaniasis: long-term evaluation after therapy. | t-cell immune responses in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) and mucosal leishmaniasis (ml) were studied during the active disease, at the end of therapy, and 1 to 17 years posttherapy (long-term follow-up). lymphocyte proliferative responses, phenotypic characterization of cd4(+) and cd8(+) leishmania-reactive t cells, and cytokine production were assayed. patients with active ml and cl showed higher proportions of cd4(+) than cd8(+) t cells. in cl, the healing process was associated w ... | 2002 | 11874860 |
| leishmaniasis: recognition and management with a focus on the immunocompromised patient. | leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease whose clinical manifestations depend both on the infecting species of leishmania and the immune response of the host. transmission of the disease occurs by the bite of a sandfly infected with leishmania parasites. infection may be restricted to the skin in cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl), to the mucous membranes in mucosal leishmaniasis or spread internally in visceral leishmaniasis (vl). in the last 2 decades, leishmaniasis, especially vl, has been recognized a ... | 2002 | 11893221 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis. | we present 3 cases of american cutaneous leishmaniasis occurring in soldiers of a unit of us army rangers who parachuted into the jungles of panama. shortly after returning to the united states, these 3 soldiers each developed a crusted, indurated papule, which slowly enlarged during the following 6 weeks. routine microscopy of skin biopsies revealed a dermal granulomatous inflammation and a predominantly lymphoid infiltrate. numerous histiocytes contained small oval organisms with bar-shaped pa ... | 2002 | 11900576 |
| identification of antigenically distinct populations of leishmania (viannia) guyanensis from manaus, brazil, using monoclonal antibodies. | eighty leishmania isolates from patients who contracted cutaneous leishmaniasis in the manaus region, amazonas state, brazil, were identified as leishmania (viannia) guyanensis by the electrophoretic profiles of six enzymes. none reacted with the species-specific monoclonal antibody b19. two l. (v.) guyanensis subpopulations were detected with the monoclonals b2 and b12. the lack of b19 expression by the l. (v.) guyanensis strains in the present study contrasts with that of the vast majority of ... | 2002 | 11904100 |
| pcr detection of specific leishmania-dna in patients with periodontal disease. | this study deals with the detection of leishmania braziliensis dna in gingival specimens from 10 individuals who all had suffered from cutaneous leishmaniasis 5-10 years prior to the examination and all had been treated with anti-leishmaniasis drugs. this preliminary study gives an interesting contribution to the oral microbiology of this disease, with the observation that inflamed periodontal tissues can serve as a factor affecting the dispersion of leishmania parasites in individuals who had s ... | 2002 | 11912876 |
| leishmania (viannia) spp. dissemination and tissue tropism in naturally infected dogs (canis familiaris). | first evidence is presented for leishmania (viannia) spp. dissemination and tissue tropism in the domestic dog. using pcr and histology, parasites were detected in the conjunctiva, lung, lymph nodes and ovaries of 2 naturally infected peruvian dogs. the detection of parasites in the blood indicates that parasite dissemination to those organs may have been haematogenous. | 2002 | 11926001 |
| an outbreak of cutaneous leishmaniasis among soldiers in belém, pará state, brazil, caused by leishmania (viannia) lindenbergi n. sp. a new leishmanial parasite of man in the amazon region. | eight cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis are recorded among soldiers of the brazilian forest infantry stationed in belém, state of pará, north of brazil. the infections, all acquired during manoeuvres in nearby degraded primary forest, are attributed to a new member of the subgenus viannia, leishmania (v.) lindenbergi n. sp. a further infection by this parasite was encountered in a woman, who lived very close to the same piece of forest. the new parasite has been characterised and differentiated f ... | 2002 | 11938695 |
| gender is a major determinant of the clinical evolution and immune response in hamsters infected with leishmania spp. | in regions where leishmaniasis is endemic, clinical disease is usually reported more frequently among males than females. this difference could be due to disparate risks of exposure of males and females, but gender-related differences in the host response to infection may also play a role. experimental studies of the influence of gender on leishmania infection have not included parasites of the subgenus viannia, which is the most common cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the americas. mice are ... | 2002 | 11953362 |
| american cutaneous leishmaniasis in guyana, south america. | the 185 patients who presented at the dermatology clinic of georgetown public hospital, guyana, between 1992 and 1998, with skin ulcers indicative of american cutaneous leishmaniasis (acl) were retrospectively reviewed. the laboratory-confirmed cases of acl were identified and the corresponding data were analysed for risk factors such as age, gender, areas of residence and of possible exposure to the causative agent (leishmania braziliensis guyanensis), ethnic origin, longevity of the ulcers, an ... | 2001 | 11339884 |
| unusual manifestations of leishmaniasis in renal transplant. | | 2002 | 12009605 |
| cutaneous leishmaniasis in kidney transplant recipient. | | 2002 | 12009606 |
| epidemiologic and immunologic findings for the subclinical form of leishmania braziliensis infection. | the epidemiologic and immunologic findings for 104 subjects with subclinical leishmania braziliensis infection were compared with those for 29 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (cl) from the same area of endemicity. subjects had a positive leishmania skin test result and remained asymptomatic during the next 4 years of follow-up were considered to have subclinical infection. patients with cl were younger, had larger-diameter indurations after skin testing, and were more likely to have positi ... | 2002 | 12015707 |
| cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) and black rats (rattus rattus) as possible reservoirs of leishmania spp. in lara state, venezuela. | a total of 519 wild animals belonging to eleven species were collected during a two year study in a cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic area in venezuela (la matica, lara state). the animals were captured in home-made tomahawk-like traps baited with maize, bananas or other available local fruits, and parasites were isolated from 27 specimens. two different species were found naturally infected with flagellates, i.e., cotton rats (sigmodon hispidus) and black rats (rattus rattus). characterization of ... | 2002 | 12016437 |