| growth of phytopathogenic fungi in the presence of partially acetylated chitooligosaccharides. | four phytopathogenic fungi were cultivated up to six days in media containing chitooligosaccharide mixtures differing in average dp and fa. the three different mixtures were named q3 (which contained oligosaccharides of dp2-dp10, with dp2-dp7 as main components), q2 (which contained oligosaccharides of dp2-dp12, with dp2-dp10 as main components) and q1 (which derived from q2 and contained oligomers of dp5-dp8 with hexamer and a heptamer as the main components). the novel aspect of this work is t ... | 2008 | 18523865 |
| chemical composition and fungitoxic activity of essential oil of thuja orientalis l. grown in the north-western himalaya. | the essential oil from fresh leaves of thuja orientalis l. grown in the north-western himalaya was isolated by means of hydrodistillation and analyzed by gc and gc/ms. twenty-two compounds representing 94.0% of the total oil were identified. the leaf oil contained alpha-pinene (29.2%), delta-3-carene (20.1%), alpha-cedrol (9.8%), caryophyllene (7.5%), alpha-humulene (5.6%), limonene (5.4%), alpha-terpinolene (3.8%) and alpha-terpinyl acetate (3.5%) as major constituents. the essential oil showed ... | 2008 | 18533464 |
| mannitol biosynthesis is required for plant pathogenicity by alternaria alternata. | mannitol has been hypothesized to play a role in antioxidant defense. in previous work, we confirmed the presence of the two mannitol biosynthetic enzymes, mannitol dehydrogenase (mtdh) and mannitol 1-phosphate 5-dehydrogenase (mpdh), in the fungus alternaria alternata and created disruption mutants for both enzymes. these mutants were used to investigate the role of mannitol in pathogenicity of a. alternata on its host, tobacco. conidia of all mutants were viable and germinated normally. gc-ms ... | 2008 | 18549402 |
| enhanced cellulase and beta-glucosidase production by a mutant of alternaria alternata. | | 1984 | 18551707 |
| an association of alternaria alternata and scopulariopsis brevicaulis in cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. | rare molds are increasingly emerging as a cause of deep and invasive fungal infections. we report here a rare case of cutaneous phaeohyphomycosis of the lower limbs due to alternaria alternata associated with extra-ungual localization of scopulariopsis brevicaulis. diagnosis was made based on repeated, direct, microscopic mycological and histological examinations. the study revealed hyphae and fungal cells in a granulomatous dermal infiltrate. identification of the molds was based on macroscopic ... | 2008 | 18583793 |
| cutaneous alternariosis in a kidney transplantation recipient: report of a case. | phaeohyphomycoses are induced by dematiaceous or darkly pigmented fungi. alternaria species are the most important causative agents. factors such as immunosuppression, local wounds or systemic disease are generally present. we report a case of phaeohyphomycosis induced by alternaria alternata in an immunocompromised patient. the main interest in this case is the rareness of the cutaneous alternariosis and of its clinical aspects and the good response to therapy. recognition of alternaria spp. as ... | 2008 | 18608728 |
| characterization and temperature-dependent quantification of heat shock protein 60 of the immunogenic fungus alternaria alternata. | heat shock proteins or chaperones are found in mitochondrial and cytosolic compartments of cells. they are responsible for the correct folding of proteins and are up-regulated in reaction to various stressors. in addition, when released or presented on the surface of cells, they may play an important role in inflammatory and immunomodulating processes. to identify and characterize hsp60 in the common environmental mold alternaria alternata, the fungus was cultivated and incubated at different te ... | 2008 | 18608928 |
| a novel activator-type erf of thinopyrum intermedium, tierf1, positively regulates defence responses. | thinopyrum intermedium is resistant to many different pathogens. to understand the roles of ethylene response factors (erfs) in defence responses, the first member of the erf family in t. intermedium, tierf1, was characterized and functionally analysed in this study. the tierf1 gene encodes a putative protein of 292 amino acids, belonging to the b3 subgroup of the erf transcription factor family. biochemical assays demonstrated that the tierf1 protein is capable of binding to the gcc box, a cis- ... | 2008 | 18611911 |
| fungistatic activity of iron-free bovin lactoferrin against several fungal plant pathogens and antagonists. | lactoferrin (lf) is a member of the transferrin family of iron-binding glycoproteins. it is also a multifunctional protein of 80 kda that is synthesized by glandular epithelial cells and secreted into mucosal fluid. high levels of lf are present in colostrom and milk and low levels in tears, saliva, and gastrointestinal and reproductive secretions. data regarding the antifungal effects of lf are limited. studies have been performed on candida albicans, which demonstrated that lf inhibits the gro ... | 2008 | 18629710 |
| impact of specific sensitization on asthma and rhinitis in young brazilian and chilean adults. | the pattern of associations and the attributable fractions (af) of atopic conditions due to specific sensitizations vary between countries. | 2008 | 18644022 |
| cultivated anti-aspergillus t(h)1 cells. | invasive aspergillosis remains a serious complication in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. since it became clear that lymphocytes provide a critical secondary defense against fungi, adoptive transfer of functionally active anti-aspergillus t cells might be an option to restore adaptive immune effector mechanisms. using the interferon (ifn)-gamma secretion assay, we isolated human activated t cells upon stimulation with a cellular extract of aspergillus fumigatus. after a ... | 2009 | 18651313 |
| chemical composition and antifungal activity of rosemary (rosmarinus officinalis l.) oil from turkey. | the essential oil of the aerial parts of rosmarinus officinalis collected from konya, turkey was analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. the oil yield of dried plant (volume/dry weight) obtained by hydrodistillation was 1.9%. twenty compounds representing 99.93% of the oils were identified. the main constituents of the oils were p-cymene (44.02%), linalool (20.5%), gamma-terpinene (16.62%), thymol (1.81%), beta-pinene (3.61%), alpha-pinene (2.83%) and eucalyptol ... | 2008 | 18654909 |
| [microbiological corrosion of aluminum alloys]. | biological corrosion of ado quality aluminum and aluminum-based construction materials (alloys v65, d16, and d16t) was studied. thirteen microscopic fungus species and six bacterial species proved to be able to attack aluminum and its alloys. it was found that biocorrosion of metals by microscopic fungi and bacteria was mediated by certain exometabolites. experiments on biocorrosion of the materials by the microscopic fungus alternaria alternata, the most active biodegrader, demonstrated that th ... | 2008 | 18669265 |
| evaluation of messenger plant activator as a preharvest and postharvest treatment of sweet cherry fruit under a controlled atmosphere. | the preservation methods as an alternative to chemical control to prevent postharvest quality losses of sweet cherry were examined. the efficacy of preharvest and postharvest messenger (m) treatments on sweet cherry cv. '0900 ziraat' was tested under a controlled atmosphere in 2004 and 2005. the factors investigated included the separate or combined effect of low oxygen, high carbon dioxide and m on the quality and fungal pathogens of sweet cherries in a normal atmosphere (na) and in a controlle ... | 2008 | 18671163 |
| diversity and ecological distribution of endophytic fungi associated with medicinal plants. | a total of 973 isolates of endophytic fungi were recovered from 1,144 tissue fragments of the six medicinal plant species belonging to 4 families collected in the beijing botanical garden. of these isolates 778 sporulated and were identified into 21 taxa by morphological characteristics. among the taxa 11 belonged to coelomycetes, 6 to ascomycetes, and 4 to hyphomycetes. various numbers of endophytic fungi (5-8 taxa) were obtained from each plant. alternaria alternata was the dominant species in ... | 2008 | 18677603 |
| engineered alt a 13 fragment of alternaria alternata abrogated ige binding without affecting t-cell stimulation. | epitopes were delineated for allergenic proteins, but studies are required to identify residues mediating ige binding. in the present study, the in silico approach was used to identify ige-binding residues of alt a 13(1-50) fragment and confirmed by experimental approach. | 2009 | 18683033 |
| innate antifungal immunity of human eosinophils mediated by a beta 2 integrin, cd11b. | eosinophils produce and release various proinflammatory mediators and also show immunomodulatory and tissue remodeling functions; thus, eosinophils may be involved in the pathophysiology of asthma and other eosinophilic disorders as well as host defense. several major questions still remain. for example, how do human eosinophils become activated in diseased tissues or at the site of an immune response? what types of host immunity might potentially involve eosinophils? herein, we found that human ... | 2008 | 18684982 |
| seasonal and tissue age influences on endophytic fungi of pinus tabulaeformis (pinaceae) in the dongling mountains, beijing. | endophytic fungi associated with pinus tabulaeformis carr. were investigated in the dongling mountains of beijing. a total of 16,200 tissue segments of p. tabulaeformis from four sample collections were processed, and 10,659 fungal isolates were recovered. the overall colonization and isolation rates of endophytic fungi from high to low were spring > winter > autumn > summer and in different tissues were bark > needle > xylem, irrespective of sampling seasons. the colonization rates of endophyti ... | 2008 | 18713350 |
| arabidopsis aal-toxin-resistant mutant atr1 shows enhanced tolerance to programmed cell death induced by reactive oxygen species. | the fungal aal-toxin triggers programmed cell death (pcd) through perturbations of sphingolipid metabolism in aal-toxin-sensitive plants. while arabidopsis is relatively insensitive to the toxin, the loh2 mutant exhibits increased susceptibility to aal-toxin due to the knockout of a gene involved in sphingolipid metabolism. genetic screening of mutagenized loh2 seeds resulted in the isolation of aal-toxin-resistant mutant atr1.atr1 displays a wild type phenotype when grown on soil but it develop ... | 2008 | 18725200 |
| alternariol acts as a topoisomerase poison, preferentially affecting the iialpha isoform. | alternariol (aoh), a mycotoxin formed by alternaria alternata, has been reported to possess genotoxic properties. however, the underlying mechanism of action is unclear. here, we tested the hypothesis that interactions with dna-topoisomerases play a role in the dna-damaging properties of aoh. first we compared dna-damaging properties of aoh with other alternaria mycotoxins such as aoh monomethyl ether (ame), altenuene and isoaltenuene. aoh and ame significantly increased the rate of dna strand b ... | 2009 | 18727009 |
| wheezing and bronchial hyper-responsiveness in early childhood as predictors of newly diagnosed asthma in early adulthood: a longitudinal birth-cohort study. | incidence of asthma increases during early adulthood. we aimed to estimate the contributions of sex and early life factors to asthma diagnosed in young adults. | 2008 | 18805334 |
| siderophore-producing alcaligenes feacalis exhibited more biocontrol potential vis-à-vis chemical fungicide. | we report the in vitro phytopathogen suppression activity of siderophoregenic preparations of alcaligenes feacalis vis-à-vis the oraganochlorine fungicide, bavistin. siderophore-rich culture broth, siderophore-rich supernatant, and purified siderophore preparation exerted antifungal activity against aspergillus niger ncim 1025, a. flavus ncim 650, fusarium oxysporum ncim 1008, and alternaria alternata iari 715. among all the preparations, siderophore-rich broth exhibited potent antifungal activi ... | 2009 | 18836770 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of a novel leguminous defense peptide with antifungal and antiproliferative potency. | leguminous plants have formed a popular subject of research owing to the abundance of proteins and peptides with important biological activities that they produce. the antifungal proteins and peptides have been purified from a number of leguminous species. however, research continues to discover novel antifungal plant-produced peptides and proteins are being needed, specially those novel ones with both antifungal activity and other significant bioactivities. the objective of this study was to is ... | 2009 | 18841359 |
| fungal control of pathogenic fungi isolated from wild plants in taif governorate, saudia arabia. | twenty two plants were collected from taif governorate and identified as: euphorbia glomerifera, juniperus procera, launaea mucronata, capparis dcidua, punica granatum, opuntia ficus, prunus persica, eucalyptus globulus, medicago sativa, artemisia monosperma, trichodesma calathiforme, artemisia judaica, foeniculum vulgare, phagnalon sinaicum, rumex dentatus, asphodelus aestives, pulicaria crispa, launae sonchoides, forsskaolea tenacissima, arnebia hispidissima, avena spp and aerva lanata. pathog ... | 2007 | 18928069 |
| an isolate of alternaria alternata that is pathogenic to both tangerines and rough lemon and produces two host-selective toxins, act- and acr-toxins. | abstract two different pathotypes of alternaria alternata cause alternaria brown spot of tangerines and alternaria leaf spot of rough lemon. the former produces the host-selective act-toxin and the latter produces acr-toxin. both pathogens induce similar symptoms on leaves or young fruits of their respective hosts, but the host ranges of these pathogens are distinct and one pathogen can be easily distinguished from another by comparing host ranges. we isolated strain bc3-5-1-os2a from a leaf spo ... | 2005 | 18943116 |
| inhibition of sporulation and ultrastructural alterations of grapevine downy mildew by the endophytic fungus alternaria alternata. | abstract one hundred twenty-six endophytic microorganisms isolated from grapevine leaves showing anomalous symptoms of downy mildew were tested on grapevine leaf disks as biocontrol agents against plasmopara viticola. among the 126 microorganisms, only five fungal isolates completely inhibited the sporulation of p. viticola; all of them were identified as alternaria alternata. ultrastructural analyses were carried out by transmission electron microscopy to observe cellular interactions between p ... | 2006 | 18943142 |
| worldwide phylogeography of the citrus brown spot pathogen, alternaria alternata. | abstract sixty-five isolates of alternaria alternata were sampled from brown spot lesions on tangerines and mandarins (citrus reticulata) and tangerine x grapefruit (c. reticulata x c. paradisi) hybrids in the united states, colombia, australia, turkey, south africa, and israel to investigate the worldwide phylogeography of the fungus. genetic variation was scored at 15 putative random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) loci and 465 bp of an endo-polygalacturonase (endo-pg) gene was sequenced for ... | 2002 | 18943277 |
| citrus black rot is caused by phylogenetically distinct lineages of alternaria alternata. | abstract phylogenetic analysis revealed that isolates of alternaria alternata causing black rot of citrus were associated with six well-supported evolutionary lineages. isolates recovered from brown spot lesions on minneola tangelo, leaf spot lesions on rough lemon, and healthy citrus tissue and noncitrus hosts were related closely to isolates from black-rotted fruit. phylogenies estimated independently from dna sequence data from an endopolygalacturonase gene (endopg) and two anonymous regions ... | 2005 | 18943316 |
| visualization of localized pathogen-induced ph modulation in almond tissues infected by colletotrichum acutatum using confocal scanning laser microscopy. | modulation of ph within the host during infection of almond by the anthracnose pathogen colletotrichum acutatum was studied using confocal scanning laser microscopy and the dual emission fluorescence indicator snarf-1. this highly sensitive method allowed visualization of the spatial distribution of localized pathogen-induced ph modulation within and in proximity to fungal infection structures in host tissue at the cellular level. ratiometric measurement of fluorescence at two emission wavelengt ... | 2008 | 18943405 |
| a promoter from pea gene drr206 is suitable to regulate an elicitor-coding gene and develop disease resistance. | abstract plant nonhost disease resistance is characterized by the induction of multiple defense genes. the pea drr206 gene is induced following inoculation with pathogens and treatment with abiotic agents, and moderately induced by wounding. a deletion series of drr206 promoter segments was fused with the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene and transiently transferred to tobacco, potato, and pea. gus activity revealed that two upstream regions of the drr206 promoter were particularly importan ... | 2004 | 18943490 |
| core rot development in red delicious apples is affected by susceptibility of the seed locule to alternaria alternata colonization. | abstract alternaria alternata is the causal organism of core rot decay symptoms in susceptible cv. red delicious but not in resistant cv. golden delicious. the two cultivars did not differ in natural colonization of the style and ovary during the first week after full bloom; colonization of the ovary in the susceptible cultivar subsequently decreased with increasing distance from the calycine tube. by 30 days after full bloom, alternaria recovery from ovary 1, adjacent to the end of the calycine ... | 2007 | 18943510 |
| inducible expression of a phytolacca heterotepala ribosome-inactivating protein leads to enhanced resistance against major fungal pathogens in tobacco. | abstract plant genetic engineering has long been considered a valuable tool to fight fungal pathogens because it would limit the economically costly and environmentally undesirable chemical methods of disease control. ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are potentially useful for plant defense considering their antiviral and antimicrobial activities but their use is limited by their cytotoxic activity. a new gene coding for an rip isolated from leaves of phytolacca heterotepala was expressed i ... | 2005 | 18943992 |
| characterization of mutations in the iron-sulphur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase correlating with boscalid resistance in alternaria alternata from california pistachio. | thirty-eight isolates of alternaria alternata from pistachio orchards with a history of pristine (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) applications and displaying high levels of resistance to boscalid fungicide (mean ec(50) values >500 microg/ml) were identified following mycelial growth tests. a cross-resistance study revealed that the same isolates were also resistant to carboxin, a known inhibitor of succinate dehydrogenase (sdh). to determine the genetic basis of boscalid resistance in a. alternata th ... | 2008 | 18944299 |
| biological control of pathogens causing root rot complex in field pea using clonostachys rosea strain acm941. | abstract pea root rot complex (prrc), caused by alternaria alternata, aphanomyces euteiches, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi, f. solani f. sp. pisi, mycosphaerella pinodes, pythium spp., rhizoctonia solani, and sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a major yield-limiting factor for field pea production in canada. a strain of clonostachys rosea (syn. gliocladium roseum), acm941 (atcc 74447), was identified as a mycoparasite against these pathogens. when grown near the pathogen, acm941 often was stimulated ... | 2003 | 18944343 |
| resistance of gibberellin-treated persimmon fruit to alternaria alternata arises from the reduced ability of the fungus to produce endo-1,4-beta-glucanase. | abstract black-spot symptoms, caused by alternaria alternata, developed in persimmon fruits during prolonged storage at -1 degrees c. a preharvest treatment with gibberellic acid (ga(3)) extended the storage life of the fruit by delaying both black-spot development and fruit softening. conversely, treatment of persimmon fruits with paclobutrazol (pbz), an inhibitor of gibberellin (ga) synthesis, enhanced black-spot development and fruit softening during storage. production of endo-1,4-beta-gluca ... | 2000 | 18944429 |
| distribution and characterization of akt homologs in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata. | abstract the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces a host-selective toxin (hst), known as act-toxin, and causes alternaria brown spot disease of citrus. the structure of act-toxin is closely related to ak- and af-toxins, which are hsts produced by the japanese pear and strawberry pathotypes of a. alternata, respectively. ac-, ak-, and af-toxins are chemically similar and share a 9,10-epoxy-8-hydroxy-9-methyl-decatrienoic acid moiety. two genes controlling ak-toxin biosynthesis (ak ... | 2000 | 18944496 |
| riboflavin induces disease resistance in plants by activating a novel signal transduction pathway. | abstract the role of riboflavin as an elicitor of systemic resistance and an activator of a novel signaling process in plants was demonstrated. following treatment with riboflavin, arabidopsis thaliana developed systemic resistance to peronospora parasitica and pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, and tobacco developed systemic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus (tmv) and alternaria alternata. riboflavin, at concentrations necessary for resistance induction, did not cause cell death in plants or dir ... | 2000 | 18944500 |
| a polymerase chain reaction-based method to specifically detect alternaria alternata apple pathotype (a. mali), the causal agent of alternaria blotch of apple. | abstract alternaria alternata apple pathotype (previously a. mali) causes alternaria blotch on susceptible apple cultivars through the production of a host-specific toxin, am-toxin. identification of some alternaria species, especially those that produce host-specific toxins, has been extremely difficult due to a high level of variability which extends even to nonpathogenic isolates. we have recently cloned and characterized a gene (amt) that plays a crucial role in am-toxin biosynthesis and dem ... | 2000 | 18944521 |
| (+)-catechin acts as an infection-inhibiting factor in strawberry leaf. | abstract an infection-inhibiting factor (iif) was isolated from strawberry leaves and identified as (+)-catechin. this compound inhibited the formation of infection hyphae from appressoria of alternaria alternata, but allowed both spore germination and appressorial formation. it is a normal component of strawberry leaves, but further accumulates as the major iif in response to inoculation with nonpathogenic spores of a. alternata. the accumulation of (+)-catechin on a susceptible host was not in ... | 2000 | 18944538 |
| environmental factors affecting production, release, and field populations of conidia of alternaria alternata, the cause of brown spot of citrus. | abstract alternaria brown spot, caused by alternaria alternata pv. citri, affects many tangerines and their hybrids, causing loss of immature leaves and fruit and reducing the marketability of the remaining fruit. conidial production of a. alternata was greatest on mature leaves moistened and maintained at near 100% relative humidity (rh) for 24 h, whereas leaves that had been soaked or maintained at moderate rh produced few conidia. conidial release from filter paper cultures and infected leave ... | 1998 | 18944857 |
| aal-toxin-deficient mutants of alternaria alternata tomato pathotype by restriction enzyme-mediated integration. | abstract host-specific toxins are produced by three pathotypes of alternaria alternata: am-toxin, which affects apple; ak-toxin, which affects japanese pear; and aal-toxin, which affects tomato. each toxin has a role in pathogenesis. to facilitate molecular genetic analysis of toxin production, isolation of toxin-deficient mutants utilizing ectopic integration of plasmid dna has been attempted. however, the transformation frequency was low, and integration events in most transformants were compl ... | 1997 | 18945069 |
| effect of modified atmosphere for control of black spot, caused by alternaria alternata, on stored persimmon fruits. | abstract modified atmosphere packaging (map) of persimmon fruit resulted in the accumulation of acetaldehyde to a level of 80 mug/ml; ethanol to a level of 900 mug/ml; and co(2) up to 30%. when fruits were stored at -1 degrees c for 4 months in such atmospheres, the incidence of black spot disease, caused by alternaria alternata, was reduced. the effects of each of these gases were examined to determine their individual involvement in the inhibition of alternaria development during storage. when ... | 1997 | 18945143 |
| functional analysis of a multicopy host-selective act-toxin biosynthesis gene in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata using rna silencing. | alternaria brown spot, caused by the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata, is a serious disease of commercially important tangerines and their hybrids. the pathogen produces host-selective act toxin, and several genes (named actt) responsible for act-toxin biosynthesis have been identified. these genes have many paralogs, which are clustered on a small, conditionally dispensable chromosome, making it difficult to disrupt entire functional copies of actt genes using homologous recombinatio ... | 2008 | 18986255 |
| effects of propionibacterium on the growth and mycotoxin production by some species of fusarium and alternaria. | the aim of this research was to study the antifungal properties of propionibacteria. three fractions from cultures of propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp. shermanii 41 and ssp. freudenreichii 111 (i.e. culture containing viable bacteria, cell-free supernatant and bacteriocin preparation) were tested for their ability to inhibit the growth and mycotoxin production of alternaria alternata, fusarium culmorum, fusarium graminearum and fusarium verticillioides. the growth of the fungi was monitored ... | 2008 | 19004241 |
| cloning and heterologous expression of ss10, a subtilisin-like protease displaying antifungal activity from trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum parasitizes a large variety of phytopathogenic fungi. trichoderma harzianum mycoparasitic activity depends on the secretion of complex mixtures of hydrolytic enzymes able to degrade the host cell wall. a gene (ss10) encoding a subtilisin-like protease was cloned from t. harzianum t88, a biocontrol agent effective against soil-borne fungal pathogens. the full-length cdna was isolated by 5' and 3' rapid amplification of the cdna ends. the coding region of the gene is 1302 bp ... | 2009 | 19025577 |
| [cellulase and xylanase activity of phytopathogenic and endophytic fungal strains of alternaria alternata (fr.) keissler]. | a comparative analysis of cellulase and xylanase activity of 25 fungal strains of phytopathogenic and endophytic alternaria alternata had been realized for the first time using the qualitative reactions. the rate of their linear growth on the media with carboxymethylcellulose or xylane had been studied. the cellulase and xylanase activities clearly depended on the distinct strain. the absence of distinct dependence of cellulase and xylanase activities on the species and organs of host plants was ... | 2008 | 19044008 |
| antimicrobial activity of pyrrocidines from acremonium zeae against endophytes and pathogens of maize. | acremonium zeae produces pyrrocidines a and b, which are polyketide-amino acid-derived antibiotics, and is recognized as a seedborne protective endophyte of maize which augments host defenses against microbial pathogens causing seedling blights and stalk rots. pyrrocidine a displayed significant in vitro activity against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides in assays performed using conidia as inoculum, with pyrrocidine a being more active than b. in equivalent assays performed with c ... | 2009 | 19055442 |
| mouse model of aspergillus and alternaria induced rhinosinusitis. | fungi are known to induce the production of chemical mediators from respiratory epithelial cells and have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens in sinusitis. however, the exact role of fungi in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis has not been clearly established. this study was performed to improve our understanding of the role of fungi in the pathogenesis of rhinosinusitis by developing an animal model of fungus induced rhinosinusitis. | 2009 | 19084360 |
| in vitro activities of isavuconazole against opportunistic filamentous and dimorphic fungi. | the in vitro activity of isavuconazole was compared to those of amphotericin b, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and ravuconazole against 300 clinical isolates of pseudallescheria boydii, paecilomyces lilacinus, fusarium spp., bipolaris spicifera, curvularia lunata, alternaria alternata, exophiala spp., rhizopus arrhizus, mucor circillenoides, absidia corymbifera, blastomyces dermatitidis, histoplasma capsulatum and coccidioides posadasii. mics were determined by a broth ma ... | 2009 | 19101837 |
| a novel mycovirus associated with four double-stranded rnas affects host fungal growth in alternaria alternata. | four double-stranded rnas (dsrnas), referred to as dsrna 1 (3617 bp), dsrna 2 (2794 bp), dsrna 3 (2576 bp) and dsrna 4 (1420 bp), were detected in the egs 35-193 strain of alternaria alternata at high concentration ( approximately 3 microg/g dried mycelium). this strain had an impaired growth phenotype. by exposing the strain to cycloheximide during hyphal tip isolation, we isolated strains which had normal mycelial growth and pigmentation, in which decreased levels of the dsrnas were observed ( ... | 2009 | 19118588 |
| mycofumigation with oxyporus latemarginatus ef069 for control of postharvest apple decay and rhizoctonia root rot on moth orchid. | to characterize the volatile antifungal compound produced by oxyporus latemarginatus ef069 and to examine in vitro and in vivo fumigation activity of the fungus. | 2009 | 19120615 |
| pimecrolimus reduces eosinophil activation associated with calcium mobilization. | pimecrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor that inhibits t cell and mast cell activation and effectively treats atopic dermatitis. however, its effects on eosinophils, a cell type implicated in allergic disease pathology, are unknown. therefore, we examined the effects of pimecrolimus on eosinophil superoxide anion production, degranulation and survival. | 2009 | 19127068 |
| antimicrobial activity of stereoisomers of morinols a and b, tetrahydropyran sesquineolignans. | the antimicrobial activity of all stereoisomers of morinols a and b was tested. all stereoisomers of morinols a and b showed antifungal activity against alternaria alternata, especially (-)-morinol b which showed the strongest activity. the natural component, (+)-morinol a, and unnatural stereoisomer, (7s,7's,8r,8'r)-morinol b, showed antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria, bacillus subtilis and listeria denitrificans. | 2009 | 19129639 |
| the jasmonate signaling pathway in tomato regulates susceptibility to a toxin-dependent necrotrophic pathogen. | the plant hormone, jasmonic acid (ja), is known to have a critical role in both resistance and susceptibility against bacterial and fungal pathogen attack. however, little is known about the involvement of ja in the interactions between plants and toxigenic necrotrophic fungal pathogens. using the tomato pathotype of alternaria alternata (aa) and its aal-toxin/tomato interaction as a model system, we demonstrate a possible role for ja in susceptibility of plants against pathogens, which utilize ... | 2009 | 19148670 |
| microbial transformation of bufotalin by alternaria alternata as 3.4578. | the microbial transformation of a cytotoxic bufadienolide, bufotalin (1), was carried out. three transformed products from 1 by alternaria alternata were isolated. their structures were characterized as 3-keto-bufotalin (2), 12 beta-hydroxyl-bufotalin (3), and 3-keto-12 beta-hydroxyl-bufotalin (4) based on the extensive nmr studies. among them, 3 and 4 were new compounds with strong in vitro cytotoxic activities against hela cells. | 2009 | 19180348 |
| molecular characterization of alternaria alternata causing ocular infection: detection of igs-rflp intraspecific polymorphism. | a case of fungal keratitis is presented in which corneal scrapings were obtained for microbiological studies, including morphological identification and molecular characterization of the etiologic agent. comparative sequence analyses of the internal transcribed spacer domain of 5.8s and 26s regions of nuclear rdna showed 100% identity with different species of alternaria and pcr-rflp analysis of intergenic spacer regions revealed intraspecific variation. the combination of morphological and mole ... | 2008 | 19180729 |
| antagonism of microsporum species by soil fungi. | eighteen fungi isolated from soil by hair bating method were tested against soil inhabiting microsporum equinum, microsporum fulvum, microsporum gypseum and microsporum racemosum for their antagonistic interactions. colony inhibition during dual cultures showed inhibition of all the four microsporum species. the maximum inhibition of m. equinum, m. fulvum, m. gypseum and m. racemosum was caused by chrysosporium keratinophilum, chrysosporium tropicum, curvularia lunata and chrysosporium lucknowen ... | 2010 | 19207833 |
| function of genes encoding acyl-coa synthetase and enoyl-coa hydratase for host-selective act-toxin biosynthesis in the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata. | the tangerine pathotype of alternaria alternata produces host-selective act-toxin and causes alternaria brown spot disease. sequence analysis of a genomic cosmid clone identified a part of the actt gene cluster and implicated two genes, actt5 encoding an acyl-coa synthetase and actt6 encoding an enoyl-coa hydratase, in the biosynthesis of act-toxin. genomic southern blots demonstrated that both genes were present in tangerine pathotype isolates producing act-toxin and also in japanese pear patho ... | 2009 | 19271978 |
| sensitization to alternaria in patients with respiratory allergy. | alternaria alternata (aa) is an important mould in respiratory allergic diseases. the objective is to determine the prevalence of aa sensitization in respiratory allergic patients and to examine the annual variation of alternaria spores. 824 patients between 5 and 65 years old with allergic rhinitis and /or asthma were enrolled. prick tests were performed with two different standardized aa extracts with quantification of alt a 1. alternaria spores concentrations were provided. 151 patients (18.3 ... | 2009 | 19273281 |
| effectiveness of cymbopogon citratus l. essential oil to inhibit the growth of some filamentous fungi and yeasts. | lemon grass (cymbopogon citratus l.) oil has been known as having therapeutic and antibacterial properties, and its antifungal activity is currently the subject of renewed interest. this study aimed to verify the effectivenesses of c. citratus essential oil to inhibit the growth/survival of some fungi (alternaria alternata, aspergillus niger, fusarium oxysporum, and penicillium roquefortii) and yeasts (candida albicans, candida oleophila, hansenula anomala, saccharomyces cerevisiae, schizosaccha ... | 2009 | 19298215 |
| infectious complications in three double hand recipients: experience from a single center. | composite tissue allograft (cta) recipients require high level of immunosuppression and, therefore, are at significant risk to acquire opportunistic infections. | 2009 | 19328916 |
| [cutaneous infection caused by alternaria alternata in an immunocompetent host]. | human infections caused by alternaria alternata are more frequently reported in immunosupressive hosts. in this report, a rarely seen cutaneous infection, caused by a. alternata in an immunocompetent patient was presented. the patient (71-years-old, male) was admitted to the dermatology unit with complaints of an erythematous and squamatous lesion of 5 cm diameter on left malleolar region. the case was evaluated as immunocompetent based on the normal serum total immunoglobulin and complement lev ... | 2009 | 19334395 |
| airborne and soilborne microfungi in the vicinity hamitabat thermic power plant in kirklareli city (turkey), their seasonal distributions and relations with climatological factors. | soil and air samples of seven different localities around hamitabat thermic power plant, 10 km far away from luleburgaz/kirklareli (turkey), were taken between the years 2003 and 2004 with seasonal intervals. the samples were brought to the laboratory and their microfungal identifications were done. from the air samples, 737 microfungi colonies were isolated comprising 26 species belonging to eight genera. from soil samples, 170.6 x 10(4) colony-forming unit (cfu)/g was isolated from 33 species ... | 2010 | 19347592 |
| effects of gamma-radiation on the fungus alternaria alternata in artificially inoculated cereal samples. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different gamma-radiation doses on the growth of alternaria alternata in artificially inoculated cereal samples. seeds and grains were divided into four groups: control group (not irradiated), and groups 1, 2 and 3, inoculated with an a. alternata spore suspension (1 x 10(6) spores/ml) and exposed to 2, 5 and 10 kgy, respectively. serial dilutions of the samples were prepared and seeded on drbc (dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar ... | 2009 | 19375339 |
| [establishment of a murine model of alternaria alternate induced allergic asthma]. | to develop a method of establishment of airway allergic inflammation model of c57bl/6 mice sensitized and challenged with the spores of alternaria alternate. | 2009 | 19408649 |
| specific allergic sensitization in parents and their 18-year-old offspring in the suburban detroit childhood allergy study. | allergic sensitization is increased among offspring of sensitized parents. | 2009 | 19409605 |
| localized immunoglobulin e expression in allergic rhinitis and nasal polyposis. | this article reviews recent literature on local tissue identification of immunoglobulin e (ige) in various sinonasal inflammatory conditions. discussions of local ige expression in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis, atopic and nonatopic sinonasal polyposis, and allergic fungal rhinosinusitis are included. | 2009 | 19417663 |
| characterization of a sabinene synthase gene from rough lemon (citrus jambhiri). | we previously isolated two putative monoterpene synthase genes, rlemtps1 and rlemtps2, from rough lemon (citrus jambhiri) and showed that gene expression of rlemtps2 was induced by microbial attack. the protein product of rlemtps2 was obtained using a prokaryotic expression system, and gc and gc-ms of monoterpene synthesis by rlemtps2 determined that rlemtps2 encodes a sabinene synthase. sabinene has antifungal activity toward alternaria alternata. furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis identifi ... | 2009 | 19433341 |
| postharvest biocontrol of alternaria alternata in chinese winter jujube by rhodosporidium paludigenum. | this study was conducted to measure the efficacy of the marine antagonist rhodosporidium paludigenum in the suppression of postharvest decay of chinese winter jujube caused by alternaria alternata and to explore the possible mode of action involved. | 2009 | 19457045 |
| indoor fungal contamination of moisture-damaged and allergic patient housing analysed using real-time pcr. | the aim of our study was to compare, using real-time (rt) pcr, quantitative levels of five fungal species in three kinds of dwellings. | 2009 | 19486284 |
| effect of environmental factors on tenuazonic acid production by alternaria alternata on soybean-based media. | to determine the effects of water activity (a(w); 0.995-0.90), temperature (5, 18, 25 and 30 degrees c), time of incubation (7-35 days) and their interactions on tenuazonic acid (ta) production on 2% soybean-based agar by two alternaria alternata strains isolated from soybean in argentina. | 2009 | 19486420 |
| dendrobium findleyanum agglutinin: production, localization, anti-fungal activity and gene characterization. | the recently reported dendrobium findleyanum agglutinin (dfa) was identified and determined in different parts of d. findleyanum pseudobulbs by using western blot analysis, lc-ms/ms, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and histochemical procedure. western blot analysis of crude protein extract with horseradish peroxidase (hrp), a mannose-rich glycoprotein, showed only one band at 14.5 kda, which had the same molecular mass as dfa. this band was a major band when ... | 2009 | 19495769 |
| [risk factor for lifestyle and way of living for symptoms of sick building syndrome: epidemiological survey in japan]. | to investigate the association among symptoms of sick building syndrome (sbs). self-reported questionnaire and indoor environmental surveys of newly build dwellings in japan were conducted. | 2009 | 19502765 |
| evaluation of food additives as alternative or complementary chemicals to conventional fungicides for the control of major postharvest diseases of stone fruit. | to evaluate potential alternatives to conventional fungicides to control decay, more than 20 food additives and generally regarded as safe compounds were tested at three concentrations in in vivo primary screenings with several cultivars of california peaches, nectarines, and plums that had been artificially inoculated with seven major postharvest pathogens: monilinia fructicola, botrytis cinerea, geotrichum candidum, alternaria alternata, penicillium expansum, mucor piriformis, and rhizopus sto ... | 2009 | 19517732 |
| brazilian mycobiota of the aquatic weed sagittaria montevidensis. | nine species of fungi on the aquatic weed sagittaria montevidensis (arrowhead) in southern and southeastern brazil were collected, identified, described and illustrated in a survey for possible biological control agents against this weed. seven of them are anamorphic fungi, alternaria alternata, botrytis cinerea, cercospora apii, cercospora sagittariae, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, plectosporium alismatis and pseudocercospora arthrospora, and two smut fungi, doassansiopsis deformans and naras ... | 2009 | 19537213 |
| a dna aptamer recognizes the asp f 1 allergen of aspergillus fumigatus. | allergies are caused by the binding of ige antibodies onto specific sites on allergens. however, in the assessment of exposure to airborne allergens, current techniques such as whole spore counts fail to account for the presence of these allergenic epitopes that trigger allergic reactions. the objective of the research is to develop a dna aptamer for the asp f 1 allergen of the pathogenic fungus aspergillus fumigatus, using an ige-binding epitope of the allergen as the target for aptamer selecti ... | 2009 | 19545545 |
| regulatory t cells in prenatal blood samples: variability with pet exposure and sensitization. | fetal exposures have come under investigation as risk factors of early life allergic disease. in this study we aimed to examine the relationships between dog or cat exposure and naturally occurring regulatory t cells (treg cells), thought to play an important role in immune tolerance, in pregnant women. a cross-sectional analysis was conducted among 204 pregnant women who were queried regarding dog and cat exposure. treg cells (cd4+cd25+foxp3+ lymphocytes) and allergen-specific ige were measured ... | 2009 | 19545906 |
| nitric oxide mediates the fungal-elicitor-enhanced biosynthesis of antioxidant polyphenols in submerged cultures of inonotus obliquus. | a fungal elicitor prepared from the cell debris of the plant-pathogenic ascomycete alternaria alternata induces multiple responses by inonotus obliquus cells, including an increase in generation of nitric oxide (no), activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and accumulation of total mycelial phenolic compounds (tmp), but does not trigger production of oxylipins or jasmonic acid (ja). the role of no in tmp production was investigated via the effects of the no-specific scavenger 2-(4-carboxyp ... | 2009 | 19556296 |
| antifungal activity of nettle (urtica dioica l.), colocynth (citrullus colocynthis l. schrad), oleander (nerium oleander l.) and konar (ziziphus spina-christi l.) extracts on plants pathogenic fungi. | anti-mycotic activity of the ethanol extracts from nettle (urtica dioica l.), colocynth (citrullus colocynthis l. schrad), konar (ziziphus spina-christi l.) and oleander (nerium oleander l.) floral parts were screened in vitro against four important plant pathogenic fungi viz.; alternaria alternate, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani and rizoctonia solani using agar dilution bioassay. extracts showed antifungal activity against all the tested fungi. among the plants, nettle and colocynth were t ... | 2009 | 19579919 |
| the yap1 homolog-mediated oxidative stress tolerance is crucial for pathogenicity of the necrotrophic fungus alternaria alternata in citrus. | citrus brown spot disease is caused by the necrotrophic fungus alternaria alternata. its pathogenic capability has been thought to depend exclusively on the production of host-selective act toxin. however, circumvention of plant defenses is also likely to be important for the disease process. to investigate the fungal response to host-generated reactive oxygen species (ros), we cloned and characterized the aaap1 gene of a. alternata, which encodes a polypeptide resembling yeast yap1-like transcr ... | 2009 | 19589070 |
| broad-spectrum antimicrobial epiphytic and endophytic fungi from marine organisms: isolation, bioassay and taxonomy. | in the search for new marine derived antibiotics, 43 epi- and endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the surface or the inner tissue of different marine plants and invertebrates. through preliminary and secondary screening, 10 of them were found to be able to produce broad-spectrum antimicrobial metabolites. by morphological and molecular biological methods, three active strains were characterized to be penicillium glabrum, fusarium oxysporum, and alternaria alternata. | 2009 | 19597575 |
| overexpression of the soybean gmerf3 gene, an ap2/erf type transcription factor for increased tolerances to salt, drought, and diseases in transgenic tobacco. | a new member of the ap2/erf transcription factor family, gmerf3, was isolated from soybean. sequence analysis showed that gmerf3 contained an ap2/erf domain of 58 amino acids and two putative nuclear localization signal (nls) domains. it belonged to a group iv protein in the erf (ethylene response factor) subfamily as typified by a conserved n-terminal motif [mcggai(i/l)]. expression of gmerf3 was induced by treatments with high salinity, drought, abscisic acid (aba), salicylic acid (sa), jasmon ... | 2009 | 19602544 |
| fungus-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their activity against pathogenic fungi in combination with fluconazole. | silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) are known to have inhibitory and bactericidal effects. resistance of fungal infections has emerged in recent years and is a major health problem. here, we report the extracellular biosynthesis of ag-nps using a common fungus, alternaria alternata. also in this study, these nanoparticles were evaluated for their part in increasing the antifungal activity of fluconazole against phoma glomerata, phoma herbarum, fusarium semitectum, trichoderma sp., and candida albicans ... | 2009 | 19616127 |
| determination of alt a 1 (alternaria alternata) in poultry farms and a sawmill using elisa. | farm and sawmill workers are exposed to high levels of allergenic fungi, such as alternaria alternata, which are associated with respiratory diseases and asthma. the aim of this study was to measure the concentration of alt a 1, a major allergen of a. alternata, in indoor dust samples collected in poultry farms and a sawmill using a monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay. a total of 45 dust samples were collected in poultry farms (30) and the sawmill (15) in zagreb county (croatia). the al ... | 2010 | 19626544 |
| effects of a dna vaccine in an animal model of alternaria alternata sensitivity. | sensitivity to the fungus alternaria is associated with asthma persistence and severity. current therapeutic options for treating alternaria-induced airway inflammation are limited. in this study, brown norway rats are used to study the effectiveness of a dna-based vaccine delivered to the airway in attenuating the response to a major alternaria allergen, ralt a 2. compared to untreated sensitized animals, or animals receiving an "out-of-frame" dna-based vaccine, animals treated with "in-frame" ... | 2009 | 19631162 |
| heat treatment in combination with antagonistic yeast reduces diseases and elicits the active defense responses in harvested cherry tomato fruit. | this study investigated the effects of heat treatment (hot air at 38 degrees c) and antagonistic yeast (pichia guilliermondii) alone or in combination against postharvest diseases (botrytis cinerea, alternaria alternata and rhizopus nigricans) on cherry tomato fruit, and evaluated the elicitation of active defense responses. results showed that heat treatment at 38 degrees c for 24 h in combination with p. guilliermondii at 1 x 10(8) cfu ml(-1) was the most effective approach to reduce various i ... | 2009 | 19637930 |
| specific ige against alternaria alternata in atopic dermatitis and asthma patients. | alternaria alternata (a. alternata) is one of the most common airborne fungi in outdoor and indoor environment. a. alternata has also considered as an aeroallergen. so, it could be responsible for an allergen release and may be responsible for allergic reactions in sensitive patients. the aim of this study was the analyzing of specific ige against a. alternata in atopic dermatitis (ad) and asthma patients. a total of 50 ad patients (male 17 and female 33) and 50 asthma patients (male 20 and fema ... | 2009 | 19673169 |
| alternaria alternata tctp, a novel cross-reactive ascomycete allergen. | defining more comprehensively the allergen repertoire of the ascomycete alternaria alternata is undoubtedly of immense medical significance since this mold represents one of the most important, worldwide occurring fungal species responsible for ige-mediated hypersensitivity reactions ranging from rhinitis and ocular symptoms to severe involvement of the lower respiratory tract including asthma with its life-threatening complications. performing a hybridization screening of an excised a. alternat ... | 2009 | 19683813 |
| effect of water activity and temperature on growth of alternaria alternata on a synthetic tomato medium. | alternaria alternata is a toxigenic fungus, predominantly responsible for blackmould of ripe tomato fruits, a disease frequently causing substantial losses of tomatoes, especially those used for canning. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of water activity (a(w), 0.904, 0.922, 0.954, 0.982) and temperature (6, 15, 21 and 35 degrees c) on germination and radial growth rate on a synthetic tomato medium of a cocktail inoculum of five strains of a. alternata isolated from tomato ... | 2009 | 19683824 |
| comparison of skin prick tests with specific serum immunoglobulin e in the diagnosis of fungal sensitization in patients with severe asthma. | it has been shown that patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (abpa) and patients with severe asthma with fungal sensitization (safs) can benefit from antifungal therapy. it is not known whether allergy skin prick tests (spt) or specific ige tests are more sensitive in the identification of patients who are sensitized to fungi and who are therefore candidates for antifungal therapy. | 2009 | 19689458 |
| susceptibility of phelipanche and orobanche species to aal-toxin. | fusarium and alternaria spp. are phytopathogenic fungi which are known to be virulent on broomrapes and to produce sphinganine-analog mycotoxins (sams). aal-toxin is a sam produced by alternaria alternata which causes the inhibition of sphinganine n-acyltransferase, a key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis, leading to accumulation of sphingoid bases. these long chain bases (lcbs) are determinant in the occurrence of programmed cell death (pcd) in susceptible plants. we showed that broomrapes ar ... | 2009 | 19705146 |
| synthesis and antifungal activity of beta-trifluoroalkyl aminovinyl ketone derivatives. | ten beta-trifluoroalkyl aminovinyl ketone derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on several phytopathogenic fungi, an oomycete and plants were assessed. the various compounds were fungitoxic at the 10-100 microm range, with (z)-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one exhibiting the highest inhibitory effect on most of the test pathogens. alternaria alternata and neurospora crassa were the most tolerant and sensitive fungi to the compounds, respectively. we pr ... | 2009 | 19711891 |
| study of the antifungal activity of bacillus vallismortis zz185 in vitro and identification of its antifungal components. | an endophytic bacillus vallismortis zz185 was isolated from healthy stems of the plant broadleaf holly (ilex latifolia thunb) collected in nanjing, china. both the culture filtrate and the n-butanol extract of strain zz185 showed strong growth inhibition activity in vitro against the phytopathogens fusarium graminearum, alternaria alternata, rhizoctonia solani, cryphonectria parasitica and phytophthora capsici. the results showed that the filtrate and extract reduced the symptoms of wheat seedli ... | 2010 | 19717300 |
| a new selective medium for the recovery and enumeration of monilinia fructicola, m. fructigena, and m. laxa from stone fruits. | isolation of monilinia spp. from stone and pome fruit surfaces is difficult due to the presence of several fast-growing fungal species such as rhizopus, alternaria, and penicillium spp. therefore, a new selective medium (acidified potato dextrose agar [ph 3.6] amended with fosetyl-aluminum [fosetyl-al] at 500 microg/ml) (apda-f500) was developed for the recovery of monilinia propagules. the antifungal agents fosetyl-al, dichloran, ammonium molybdate, and 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dd-glucose) were tes ... | 2009 | 19740034 |
| horizontal chromosome transfer, a mechanism for the evolution and differentiation of a plant-pathogenic fungus. | the tomato pathotype of alternaria alternata produces host-specific aal toxin and causes alternaria stem canker on tomato. a polyketide synthetase (pks) gene, alt1, which is involved in aal toxin biosynthesis, resides on a 1.0-mb conditionally dispensable chromosome (cdc) found only in the pathogenic and aal toxin-producing strains. genomic sequences of alt1 and another pks gene, both of which reside on the cdc in the tomato pathotype strains, were compared to those of tomato pathotype strains c ... | 2009 | 19749175 |
| antifungal metabolites (monorden, monocillins i, ii, iii) from colletotrichum graminicola, a systemic vascular pathogen of maize. | colletotrichum graminicola is a systemic vascular pathogen that causes anthracnose stalk rot and leaf blight of maize. in the course of an effort to explore the potential presence and roles of c. graminicola metabolites in maize, ethyl acetate extracts of solid substrate fermentations of several c. graminicola isolates from michigan and illinois were found to be active against aspergillus flavus and fusarium verticillioides, both mycotoxin-producing seed-infecting fungal pathogens. chemical inve ... | 2009 | 19825415 |
| effects of gamma radiation on the growth of alternaria alternata and on the production of alternariol and alternariol monomethyl ether in sunflower seeds. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different gamma radiation doses on the growth of alternaria alternata and on the production of toxins alternariol (aoh), and alternariol monomethyl ether (ame) in sunflower seed samples. after irradiation with 2, 5 and 7 kgy, the spore mass was resuspended in sterile distilled water and the suspension was inoculated into sunflower seeds. the number of colony-forming units per gram (cfu/g) was determined after culture on dichloran ... | 2009 | 19835783 |
| in vitro activity of thimerosal against ocular pathogenic fungi. | the in vitro activity of thimerosal versus those of amphotericin b and natamycin was assessed against 244 ocular fungal isolates. the activity of thimerosal against fusarium spp., aspergillus spp., and alternaria alternata was 256 times, 512 times, and 128 times, respectively, greater than that of natamycin and 64 times, 32 times, and 32 times, respectively, greater than that of amphotericin b. thimerosal's antifungal activity was significantly superior to those of amphotericin b and natamycin a ... | 2010 | 19841144 |
| parthenium management by cultural filtrates of phytopathogenic fungi. | in the present study, herbicidal activity of culture filtrates of nine phytopathogenic fungi, namely, alternaria alternata (fr.) keissl., drechslera australiensis (bugnicourt) subramanian & jain, drechslera hawaiiensis (curtis and cooke) shoemaker, drechslera biseptata (saccardo & roumeguere) richardson & fraser., drechslera rostrata (drechsler) ricardson & fraser, fusarium oxysporum (massey) synd. & hans., fusarium solani (martius) saccardo., monilia stophila (montagne) and cladosporium sp. (gr ... | 2009 | 19844827 |
| fungal spores: a critical review of the toxicological and epidemiological evidence as a basis for occupational exposure limit setting. | fungal spores are ubiquitous in the environment. however, exposure levels in workplaces where mouldy materials are handled are much higher than in common indoor and outdoor environments. spores of all tested species induced inflammation in experimental studies. the response to mycotoxin-producing and pathogenic species was much stronger. in animal studies, nonallergic responses dominated after a single dose. allergic responses also occurred, especially to mycotoxin-producing and pathogenic speci ... | 2009 | 19863384 |