| extracellular chitinase production by trichoderma harzianum in submerged fermentation. | extra-cellular chitinase production by a chitinolytic fungus trichoderma harzianum tubf 966 using submerged fermentation was studied. colloidal chitin (1.5% w/v) was used as sole carbon source. maximum chitinase production (14.7 u/ml) was obtained when fermentation was carried out at 30 degrees c for 96 h using 72 h old mycelium in a medium containing colloidal chitin 1.5% (w/v) as carbon source and 0.42 (% w/v) peptone as nitrogen source (ph 5.5). supplementation of additional carbon sources (0 ... | 2004 | 14768028 |
| fungal proteomics: initial mapping of biological control strain trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum is a soil-borne filamentous fungus that exhibits biological control properties. t. harzianum can prevent the growth of pathogenic fungi on many types of plant crops, providing a chemically benign alternative to fungicidal agents currently on the market. a proteomic approach was taken to separate and identify proteins from a strain of t. harzianum with well established biocontrol properties. we developed a method of extracting proteins under acidic conditions that increased ... | 2004 | 14685766 |
| glucose uptake in trichoderma harzianum: role of gtt1. | using a differential display technique, the gene gtt1, which codes for a high-affinity glucose transporter, has been cloned from the mycoparasite fungus trichoderma harzianum cect 2413. the deduced protein sequence of the gtt1 gene shows the 12 transmembrane domains typical of sugar transporters, together with certain residues involved in glucose uptake, such as a conserved arginine between domains iv and v and an aromatic residue (phe) in the sequence of domain x. the gtt1 gene is transcription ... | 2003 | 12912890 |
| oil and air dispersion in a simulated fermentation broth as a function of mycelial morphology. | the culture conditions of a multiphase fermentation involving morphologically complex mycelia were simulated in order to investigate the influence of mycelial morphology (trichoderma harzianum) on castor oil and air dispersion. measurements of oil drops and air bubbles were obtained using an image analysis system coupled to a mixing tank. complex interactions of the phases involved could be clearly observed. the sauter diameter and the size distributions of drops and bubbles were affected by the ... | 2006 | 12675561 |
| determination of some physiological factors affecting xylanase production from trichoderma harzianum 1073 d3. | in this study, different trichoderma strains were tested and trichoderma harzianum 1073 d3 was found to be the most potent xylanase producer. then some cultural parameters, namely, incubation time, substrate concentration, initial culture ph and temperature were optimized in order to increase xylanase production from trichoderma harzianum 1073 d3. the optimum incubation time was found to be 13 days. it was concluded that 1% xylan concentration is suitable for high xylanase production rate. the o ... | 2003 | 12578314 |
| the expression of extracellular fungal cell wall hydrolytic enzymes in different trichoderma harzianum isolates correlates with their ability to control pyrenochaeta lycopersici. | four isolates of trichoderma harzianum (thn3, th11, th12 and th16) were selected for their ability to control the in vitro development of the tomato root pathogen pyrenochaeta lycopersici. analysis of the mechanisms involved in biocontrol showed that the formation of non-volatile metabolites appears to be one of those involved in biocontrol of p. lycopersici by all t. harzianum isolates tested. nevertheless, the higher secretion of chitinases, both in number of isoenzymes and activity by the th1 ... | 2002 | 12462992 |
| colonisation of soilless growing media for tomato by trichoderma harzianum. | an experiment was conducted to evaluate the distribution of t. harzianum in soilless media used in greenhouse growing systems for tomatoes. growing media based on rockwool and based on coconut fibre were included. the fungus was applied to the roots of the plant by means of a conidial suspension. the upper plant parts were removed from the coconut fibre an the rockwool slab after 10 and 15 weeks respectively. both the coconut fibre and the rockwool slab were divided into fragments with a width o ... | 2001 | 12425039 |
| accurate and rapid viability assessment of trichoderma harzianum using fluorescence-based digital image analysis. | fluorescence microscopy and image analysis were evaluated in order to assess the viability of trichoderma harzianum, an economically important filamentous fungus. after the evaluation of the two most commonly used fluorochromes, acridine orange (ao) and fluorescein diacetate (fda) as metabolic indicator stains, ao gave ambiguous results and therefore fda was chosen. the lower stability at room temperature and fast fluorescence intensity decay (50% after only 30 s of illumination in uv light) cou ... | 2002 | 12378609 |
| selection of strain and optimization of mutanase production in submerged cultures of trichoderma harzianum. | nineteen fungal strains belonging to different genera were tested for extracellular mutanase production in shaken flasks. the optimal enzymatic activity was achieved by trichoderma harzianum f-470, a strain for which the mutanase productivity has not yet been published. some of factors affecting the enzyme production in shaken flasks and aerated fermenter cultures have been standardized. mandels mineral medium with initial ph 5.3, containing 0.25% mutan and inoculated with 10% of the 48-h myceli ... | 2002 | 12371618 |
| assessment of the rhizosphere competency and pentachlorophenol-metabolizing activity of a pesticide-degrading strain of trichoderma harzianum introduced into the root zone of corn seedlings. | to develop a dependable approach to introduce laboratory selected, pesticide-degrading microorganisms into soil environments for the purpose of in situ bioremediation, we tested the possibility of utilizing plant rhizospheres as the vehicle. we first established the rhizosphere competency of a strain of the soil fungus trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol species well studied by plant pathologists to colonize plant rhizosphere in many parts of the world. the strain we chose, t.h.2023 is resistant ... | 2002 | 12009191 |
| the performance of fungal xylan-degrading enzyme preparations in elemental chlorine-free bleaching for eucalyptus pulp. | cellulase-free xylan-degrading enzyme preparations from acrophialophora nainiana, humicola grisea var. thermoidea and two trichoderma harzianum strains were used as bleaching agents for eucalyptus kraft pulp, prior to a chlorine dioxide and alkaline bleaching sequence. in comparison to the control sequence (performed without xylanase pretreatment), the sequence incorporating enzyme treatment was more effective. removal of residual lignin was indicated by a reduction in kappa number. overall, enz ... | 2002 | 11986920 |
| a protocol for evaluation of the role of disinfectants in limiting pathogens and weed moulds in commercial mushroom production. | in vitro and in vivo evaluations of the effects of three commercial disinfectants on isolates of trichoderma harzianum rifai and cladobotryum dendroides (bull) w gams & hoozemans were combined in the development of methodologies for realistic assessment of disinfectant performance. 'environ' and 'purogene' incorporated into agar media at 50 mg ai litre-1 were effective in totally preventing the mycelial growth of t harzianum and c dendroides isolates, whereas with 'sudol' a concentration of 500 ... | 2002 | 11975175 |
| production and biotransformation of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone by trichoderma harzianum in two-phase culture systems. | the final concentration of 6-pentyl-a-pyrone (6pp) produced in cultures of trichoderma spp. is limited by the fact that inhibition of biomass growth occurs at 6pp concentrations as low as 100 mg/l. the aim of this work was to evaluate liquid-liquid extractive fermentation systems as an alternative to overcome the toxicity problems and to increase the production of 6pp by this fungus. two alkanes (n-decane and n-hexadecane) and two dicarboxylic esters (dibutyl phthalate and dioctyl phthalate) wer ... | 2002 | 11876408 |
| an antifungal exo-alpha-1,3-glucanase (agn13.1) from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum secretes alpha-1,3-glucanases when it is grown on polysaccharides, fungal cell walls, or autoclaved mycelium as a carbon source (simulated antagonistic conditions). we have purified and characterized one of these enzymes, named agn13.1. the enzyme was monomeric and slightly basic. agn13.1 was an exo-type alpha-1,3-glucanase and showed lytic and antifungal activity against fungal plant pathogens. northern and western analyses indicated that agn13.1 is induced by conditions t ... | 2001 | 11722942 |
| survival and proliferation of alginate encapsulated trichoderma spp. in egyptian soil in comparison with allyl alcohol soil fumigation. | conidia of trichoderma harzianum and t. pseudokoningii (rifai) were formulated to make alginate pellets with or without 10% cellulose as a food-base material. the formulations were compared for their ability for survival and proliferation of trichoderma spp. in clay-loamy soil (50% moisture content) with allyl alcohol fumigation (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 ml/1,000 ml space). trichoderma medium e (tme) containing 100 microg/ml pentachloronitrobenzene (pcnb) was valuable for isolation and counting of tric ... | 2001 | 11678588 |
| purification and some properties of a beta-glucosidase from trichoderma harzianum type c-4. | type c-4 strain of trichoderma harzianum was isolated as a microorganism with high cellulolytic activity. beta-glucosidase is involved in the last step of cellulose saccharification by degrading cellobiose to glucose, and plays an important role in the cellulase enzyme system with a synergic action with endoglucanase and cellobiohydrolase for cellulose degradation. beta-glucosidase from t. harzianum type c-4 was purified to homogeneity through sephacryl s-300, deae-sephadex a-50, and mono p colu ... | 2001 | 11676016 |
| effect of tunicamycin on n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase produced by trichoderma harzianum. | the effect of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein n-glycosylation, was studied in non-growing mycelium of trichoderma harzianum induced to secrete n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase by the addition of n-acetylglucosamine. tunicamycin (30 microg ml(-1)) had no significant effect on growth of the fungus, or on the total protein secreted or specific activity of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase. however, in the presence of the inhibitor an underglycosylated form of the enzyme was produced. the apparent ... | 2001 | 11514096 |
| the potential application of aqueous two-phase systems for in situ recovery of 6-pentyl-infinity-pyrone produced by trichoderma harzianum. | commercial production of aroma compounds by de novo microbial biosynthesis has been principally limited by the low productivity so far achieved. production of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6pp), a coconut-like aroma compound, by trichoderma harzianum has been limited by the toxic effect that occurs even at low concentration (<100 ppm). this work evaluated the feasibility of the use of aqueous-two phase systems (atps), as in situ extraction systems, in order to overcome the toxic effects of 6pp and to i ... | 2001 | 11339945 |
| elucidation of high micro-heterogeneity of an acidic-neutral trichotoxin mixture from trichoderma harzianum by electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | the high micro-heterogeneity of an acidic-neutral trichotoxin mixture from t. harzianum, pc01, was elucidated using a modern tandem mass spectrometer equipped with an electrospray ionization source, a hybrid quadrupole-orthogonal accelerator and a reflectron time-of-flight analyzer. the trichotoxins appeared predominantly in six possible doubly charged pseudo molecular ions with three different adducts (h, na and k) as [m + 2h](2+), [m + h + na](2+), [m + h + k](2+), [m + 2na](2+), [m + na + k]( ... | 2000 | 11180635 |
| a convenient fluorometric method for the detection of extracellular n-acetylglucosaminidase production by filamentous fungi. | a rapid and convenient method for the detection of chitinases accumulating in filamentous fungal cultures was developed. the assay is performed on cultures growing in microtiter plates, with a fluorogenic substrate: 4-methylumbelliferyl-n-acetyl-d-glucosaminide (4-meunag). the fluorescence of the product, 4-methylumbelliferone, was detected. this method was successfully used to follow induction and repression of extracellular exochitinase activity in the biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum. | 2001 | 11118651 |
| colour pigments of trichoderma harzianum. preliminary investigations with thin-layer chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. | the colour pigments of trichoderma harzianum fermentation broth were separated and the main fractions were tentatively identified by reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (rp-tlc-ft-ir), rp-hplc-diode array detection and rp-hplc-ms. it was established that the multistep gradient elution developed for rp-tlc separation of pigments can be successfully used as a pilot method for the rational design of gradient elution in rp-hplc for the separation of the s ... | 2000 | 11093640 |
| aroma compounds recovery from mycelial cultures in aqueous two-phase processes. | this paper presents the evaluation of the potential use of aqueous two-phase systems (atps) for the recovery of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6pp) produced by trichoderma harzianum. the partition behaviour of 6pp and trichoderma harzianum mycelium (biomass) in polyethylene glycol (peg)-salt (phosphate and sulphate) and peg-dextran atps was investigated. the influence of defined system parameters (e.g. molecular mass of peg and dextran, volume ratio, etc.) on the partition behaviour of 6pp and trichoder ... | 2000 | 10942311 |
| effect of delivery method and population size of trichoderma harzianum on growth response of unrooted chrysanthemum cuttings. | in a previous study, addition of trichoderma harzianum rifai isolate t-12 to a propagative medium resulted in improved performance of chrysanthemum cuttings. however, root and shoot growth of one cultivar, 'dark bronze charm', were more responsive to a lower (5 g t-12/kg medium) than higher (25 g t-12/kg medium) rate of fungal propagules, suggesting potential phytotoxicity at higher concentrations. the objectives of this study were to investigate higher rates of t-12 medium amendment for phytoto ... | 2000 | 10941519 |
| enzymes secreted by filamentous fungi: regulation of secretion and purification of an extracellular protease of trichoderma harzianum. | extracellular proteases secreted by the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum have been identified. a proteinase active towards z-ala-ala-leu-pna--the substrate of subtilisin-like proteases--dominated in the culture medium. this proteinase is synthesized de novo in response to addition of a protein substrate to the medium. changing the carbohydrate in the culture medium changed the quantitative and qualitative spectrum of secreted enzymes. the most active extracellular proteinase of trichoder ... | 2000 | 10887294 |
| regulation of 36-kda beta-1,3-glucanase synthesis in trichoderma harzianum. | the effect of carbon sources on the level of beta-1,3-glucanases in the culture filtrates of trichoderma harzianum (tc) was investigated. enzyme activity was detected in all carbon sources, but highest levels were found when laminarin and purified cell walls were used. three isoforms of beta-1,3-glucanase were produced during growth of the fungus on purified cell walls. two isoforms were produced on chitin, chitosan, n-acetylglucosamine and laminarin, while only one was detected when the fungus ... | 2000 | 10867228 |
| study of drop and bubble sizes in a simulated mycelial fermentation broth of up to four phases. | the mean sizes and size distributions of air bubbles and viscous castor oil drops were studied in a salt-rich aqueous solution (medium), first separately, and then simultaneously as a three-phase system. the dispersion was created in a 150-mm-diameter stirred tank equipped with a rushton turbine, and the sizes were measured using an advanced video technique. trichoderma harzianum biomass was added in some experiments to study the effect of a solid phase under unaerated and aerated conditions to ... | 2000 | 10861400 |
| study on the production of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone using two methods of fermentation. | the lactone 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone has a characteristic coconut aroma and is produced by trichoderma species. a study on the fermentative production of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone in both surface and submerged conditions by trichoderma harzianum was carried out. maximum concentrations of 455 mg/l and 167 mg/l after 96 h and 48 h of fermentation in surface and submerged conditions, respectively, were obtained without using any additional recovery operations. the resultant yields are higher than those pr ... | 2000 | 10855724 |
| characterization of blue-light and developmental regulation of the photolyase gene phr1 in trichoderma harzianum. | blue light and development regulate the expression of the phr1 gene of the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum. the predicted product of phr1, the dna repair enzyme photolyase, is likely to help protect trichoderma, which grows in the soil as a mycoparasite or saprophyte, from damage upon emergence and exposure to ultraviolet-c. phr1 is transiently expressed in mycelium and conidiophores after illumination. phr1 mrna also accumulates in conidiophores during development and spore maturation. ... | 2000 | 10818799 |
| influence of water potential on growth, enzyme secretion and in vitro enzyme activities of trichoderma harzianum at different temperatures. | the influence of water potential on linear mycelial growth, secretion, and the in vitro activities of enzymes beta-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, beta-xylosidase, exochitinase, and chymotrypsin of trichoderma harzianum strain t66 was studied at different temperatures. nearly linear correlation was found between water potential and colony growth rate at both 25 degrees c and 10 degrees c, with higher growth rates at the higher temperature and higher water potentials. the amounts of enzyme secret ... | 2000 | 10706661 |
| characterization of a 29-kda beta-1,3-glucanase from trichoderma harzianum. | a beta-1,3-glucanase, from culture filtrates of trichoderma harzianum, was purified in sequential steps by gel filtration, hydrophobic interaction and ion exchange chromatography. a typical procedure provided 69-fold purification with 0.32% yield. the molecular mass of the protein was found to be approximately 29 kda, as estimated by sds-page on a 10% slab gel. the k(m) and v(max) values for beta-1,3-glucanase, using laminarin as substrate, were 1. 72 mg ml(-1) and 3.10 u ml(-1), respectively. t ... | 2000 | 10650213 |
| hydrolysis of xylans by enzyme systems from solid cultures of trichoderma harzianum strains. | xylanase activity was isolated from crude extracts of trichoderma harzianum strains c and 4 grown at 28 degree c in a solid medium containing wheat bran as the carbon source. enzyme activity was demonstrable in the permeate after ultrafiltration of the crude extracts using an amicon system. the hydrolysis patterns of different xylans and paper pulps by xylanase activity ranged from xylose, xylobiose and xylotriose to higher xylooligosaccharides. a purified ss-xylosidase from the trichoderma harz ... | 1999 | 10454755 |
| a new xylanase from a trichoderma harzianum strain. | a new xylanase (xyl2) was purified from solid-state cultures of trichoderma harzianum strain c by ultrafiltration and gel filtration. sds-page of the xylanase showed an apparent homogeneity and molecular weight of 18 kda. it had the highest activity at ph 5.0 and 45 degrees c and was stable at 50 degrees c and ph 5.0 up to 4 h xylanase. xyl2 had a low km with insoluble oat spelt xylan as substrate. compared to the amino acid composition of xylanases from trichoderma spp, xylanase xyl2 presented ... | 1999 | 10455501 |
| chitinase gene expression during mycoparasitic interaction of trichoderma harzianum with its host. | for monitoring chitinase expression during mycoparasitism of trichoderma harzianum in situ, we constructed strains containing fusions of green fluorescent protein (gfp) to the 5'-regulatory sequences of the t. harzianum nag1 (n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase-encoding) and ech42 (42-kda endochitinase-encoding) genes. confronting these strains with rhizoctonia solani led to induction of gene expression before (ech42) or after (nag1) physical contact. a 12-kda cut-off membrane separating the two fun ... | 1999 | 10328983 |
| induction of defense responses in cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l. ) by the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum | the potential of the biocontrol agent trichoderma harzianum t-203 to trigger plant defense responses was investigated by inoculating roots of cucumber seedlings with trichoderma in an aseptic, hydroponic system. trichoderma-treated plants were more developed than nontreated plants throughout the experiment. electron microscopy of ultrathin sections from trichoderma-treated roots revealed penetration of trichoderma into the roots, restricted mainly to the epidermis and outer cortex. strengthening ... | 1999 | 10049864 |
| molecular characterization of a novel beta-1,3-exoglucanase related to mycoparasitism of trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum, a soil-borne filamentous fungus, is capable of parasitizing several plant pathogenic fungi. secretion of lytic enzymes, mainly glucanases and chitinases, is considered the most crucial step of the mycoparasitic process. the lytic enzymes degrade the cell walls of the pathogenic fungi, enabling trichoderma to utilize both their cell walls and cellular contents for nutrition. we have purified a 110kda novel extracellular beta-1,3-exoglucanase from t. harzianum, grown with la ... | 1999 | 9931476 |
| the expression of genes involved in parasitism by trichoderma harzianum is triggered by a diffusible factor. | the mycoparasite trichoderma harzianum has been extensively used in the biocontrol of a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi. hydrolytic enzymes secreted by the parasite have been directly implicated in the lysis of the host. dual cultures of trichoderma and a host, with and without contact, were used as means to study the mycoparasitic response in trichoderma. northern analysis showed high-level expression of genes encoding a proteinase (prb1) and an endochitinase (ech42) in dual cultures even i ... | 1998 | 9862475 |
| exg1p, a novel exo-beta1,3-glucanase from the fungus cochliobolus carbonum, contains a repeated motif present in other proteins that interact with polysaccharides. | genomic and cdna copies of exg1, a gene encoding an exo-beta1, 3-glucanase from the plant pathogenic fungus cochliobolus carbonum, were isolated. the gene contains two introns of 50 and 53 bp, and the mrna has a 5'-untranslated region of 90 nt and a 3'-untranslated region of 159 nt. the deduced protein product, exg1p, has a predicted signal peptide of 17 amino acids, but based on the known n-terminus of the mature protein is further processed to remove an additional 25 amino acids. the sequence ... | 1998 | 9838227 |
| a new tool for studying the molecular architecture of the fungal cell wall: one-step purification of recombinant trichoderma beta-(1-6)-glucanase expressed in pichia pastoris. | the fungal cell wall is a supramolecular network of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. its analysis is seriously hampered by the lack of easily available hydrolytic enzymes in a pure form. here we describe a simple and efficient purification procedure of a recombinant beta-(1-6)-glucanase from trichoderma harzianum expressed in pichia pastoris. transformed cells efficiently secreted the enzyme into the induction medium. we purified the enzyme using a one-step method based on hydrophobic interact ... | 1998 | 9795258 |
| intracellular chitinase gene from rhizopus oligosporus: molecular cloning and characterization. | multiple chitinases have been found in hyphae of filamentous fungi, which are presumed to have various functions during hyphal growth. here it is reported, for the first time, the primary structure of one such intracellular chitinase, named chitinase iii, from rhizopus oligosporus, a zygomycete filamentous fungus. chitinase iii was purified to homogeneity from actively growing mycelia of r. oligosporus using three steps of column chromatography. its molecular mass was 43.5 kda and the ph optimum ... | 1998 | 9782514 |
| ionophoric activity of the antibiotic peptaibol trichorzin pa vi: a 23na- and 35cl-nmr study. | trichorzin pa vi (ac aib1 ser ala aib iva gln aib val aib gly10 leu aib pro leu aib aib gln pheol18) is one of the seven main peptaibols forming the natural antibiotic 18-residue peptide mixture biosynthesised by a trichoderma harzianum strain. trichorzins exhibit antimycoplasmic activity resulting from membrane permeability perturbations. the membrane permeabilisation process by trichorzin pa vi has been examined in egg yolk phosphatidylcholine large unilamellar vesicles (luv) and under conditi ... | 1998 | 9675337 |
| the purification and characterization of a trichoderma harzianum exochitinase. | a chitinolytic enzyme was purified from the culture filtrate of t. harzianum (t198) by precipitation with ammonium sulphate followed by affinity binding to swollen chitin and release with 10% (v/v) acetic acid. the molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 28 and 27.5 kd by gel filtration chromatography and sds-page, respectively. the isoelectric point of the enzyme was 7.4. the ph optimum for activity was 3.5 and maximum activity was obtained at 50 degrees c. the enzyme displayed acti ... | 1998 | 9546051 |
| cytotoxic substances produced by a fungal strain from a sponge: physico-chemical properties and structures. | five novel metabolites, trichodenones a-c (1-3), harzialactone a (4) and b (5), have been isolated together with known r-mevalonolactone (6) from the culture broth of a strain of trichoderma harzianum oups-n115 originally separated from the sponge halichondria okadai. their structures have been elucidated by spectral evidence. among them, 1-3 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against cultured p388 cells. | 1998 | 9531985 |
| genetic diversity and vegetative compatibility among trichoderma harzianum isolates. | trichoderma harzianum is the collective name of a set of asexual fungal strains which exhibit heterogeneity in genome structure, dna sequence and behavior. contour-clamped homogeneous field (chef) electrophoresis of the chromosomes of ten isolates of t. harzianum revealed six clearly distinct electrophoretic karyotypes. of the ten isolates analyzed, four (gh12, g109, y and yf) could be classified in a single group with identical karyotypes, while the strains t35 and 315 formed a second group. th ... | 1997 | 9349704 |
| morphological and molecular identification of trichoderma isolates on north american mushroom farms. | green mold disease (causal agent, trichoderma) has resulted in severe crop losses on mushroom farms worldwide in recent years. we analyzed 160 isolates of trichoderma from mushroom farms for morphological, cultural, and molecular characteristics and classified these isolates into phenotypic groups. the most common group comprised approximately 40% of the isolates and was identified as a strain of trichoderma harzianum. this group was consistently recovered from farms with severe green mold disea ... | 1998 | 9435070 |
| glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase expression in trichoderma harzianum is repressed during conidiation and mycoparasitism. | a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) cdna was isolated from the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum in the course of a search for light-regulated genes in this organism. there is apparently only one copy of gpd in the t. harzianum genome, and its sequence is most similar to that of other filamentous ascomycetes. trichoderma grows in the soil as a saprophyte or mycoparasite. a brief pulse of blue light, or nutrient depletion, induces sporulation, which is accompanied by altered p ... | 1997 | 9353920 |
| mr566a and mr566b, new melanin synthesis inhibitors produced by trichoderma harzianum. ii. physico-chemical properties and structural elucidation. | new melanin synthesis inhibitors (mr566a and b) and six related known isocyanocyclopentenes were isolated from the fermentation broth of trichoderma harzianum, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. the structures of novel isocyanides, mr566a (1) and b (2), were elucidated as 1-(3-chloro-1,2-dihydroxy-4-isocyano-4-cyclopenten-1-yl)etha nol, 1-(1,2,3-trihydroxy-3-isocyano-4-cyclopenten-1-yl)ethanol, respectively. the structure of novel oxazole, mr93b (9), was elucidated as ... | 1997 | 9268002 |
| cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between trichoderma harzianum and pythium ultimum. | the interaction between trichoderma harzianum and the soilborne plant pathogen pythium ultimum was studied by electron microscopy and further investigated by gold cytochemistry. early contact between the two fungi was accompanied by the abnormal deposition of a cellulose-enriched material at sites of potential antagonist penetration. the antagonist displayed the ability to penetrate this barrier, indicating that cellulolytic enzymes were produced. however, the presence of cellulose in the walls ... | 1997 | 16535619 |
| improved biocontrol activity of trichoderma harzianum by over-expression of the proteinase-encoding gene prb1. | transformation systems developed for trichoderma spp. were utilized to improve the biocontrol efficiency of the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma harzianum by increasing the copy number of the basic proteinase gene prb1. the transformants were stable and carried from two to ten copies of prb1. high levels of expression of prb1 during fungus-fungus interaction were detected when t. harzianum and rhizoctonia solani were confronted in vitro. in liquid cultures the proteinase was induced by cell wall ... | 1997 | 9000378 |
| enhanced expression of endochitinase in trichoderma harzianum with the cbh1 promoter of trichoderma reesei. | production of extracellular endochitinase could be increased 5-fold in the mycoparasite fungus trichoderma harzianum by using the cellulase promoter cbh1 of trichoderma reesei, whereas the total endochitinase activity increased 10-fold. the cbh1 promoter was not expressed on glucose and sucrose in t. harzianum and was induced by sophorose and on cellulase-inducing medium. the endogenous endochitinase gene was expressed at a low basal level on glucose and sucrose. no specific induction by crab sh ... | 1996 | 16535342 |
| improved production of trichoderma harzianum endochitinase by expression in trichoderma reesei. | the chromosomal endochitinase gene (then-42) of the mycoparasite fungus trichoderma harzianum p1 was isolated and overexpressed in the filamentous fungus trichoderma reesei under the promoter of the major cellulase gene cbhl1. the host strain rutc-30 did not produce any endogenous endochitinase activity. the prepro region of the t harzianum endochitinase was correctly processed in t. reesei. no differences in expression were observed when the prepro region was replaced with the cbhi signal seque ... | 1996 | 8787411 |
| inhibition of cellulose saccharification and glycolignin-attacking enzymes of five lignocellulose-degrading fungi by ferulic acid. | at 5 g/l, ferulic acid, a plant cell-wall phenolic, severely repressed growth of the lignocellulose-degrading fungi trichoderma harzianum, chaetomium cellulolyticum, phanaerochaete chrysosporium, trametes versicolor and pleurotus sajor-caju. at 0.5 g/l, howerver, it slightly stimulated growth of the latter two organisms. two classes of extracellular enzymes involved in cellulose and glycolignin breakdown were assayed: cellulases; and phenol oxidases as laccases. all of the strains depolymerized ... | 1996 | 24415080 |
| effect of cassavar cultivar, age and pretreatment processes of cellulase and xylanase production from cassava waste by trichoderma harzianum. | cassava wastes--the peel and the root fibre were taken through various pretreatment procedures before being subjected to solid state fermentation with trichoderma harzianum. most of the pretreatment processes increased the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the cassava peel and fibre by as high as 155% while sulfuric acid treatment resulted in 25.3% loss in the peel hemicellulose. the best pretreatment found to be 1% naoh at 120 degrees c gave the highest production of the cx, the cl and xyl ... | 1996 | 8956490 |
| trichoderma harzianum peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis. | | 1996 | 8893195 |
| trichorzins ha and ma, antibiotic peptides from trichoderma harzianum. ii. sequence determination. | a series of 18-residue antibiotic-antifungal peptides, trichorzins ha and ma, were isolated from trichoderma harzianum strains exhibiting antagonistic properties against phytopathogenic fungi. the sequences of the nine major pure peptides isolated by hplc were determined by positive ion fab-ms data and two-dimensional nmr measurements, including cosy, hohaha, roesy and 1h-13c lrcosy experiments. | 1995 | 8557565 |
| mr304a, a new melanin synthesis inhibitor produced by trichoderma harzianum. | | 1995 | 7490227 |
| trichoderma harzianum genes induced during growth on rhizoctonia solani cell walls. | trichoderma harzianum is a biocontrol agent that attacks a range of economically important phytopathogenic fungi. in an attempt to identify genes specifically expressed by t. harzianum during growth on cell walls of rhizoctonia solani, we carried out differential screening of an induced cdna library. in this paper we report the analysis of the sequence and expression of two cdna clones that encode putative mycoparasitism-related proteins of t. harzianum. one of these clones corresponds to a gene ... | 1995 | 7773384 |
| fungal metabolites. xviii. new membrane-modifying peptides, trichorozins i-iv, from the fungus trichoderma harzianum. | new membrane-modifying peptides, trichorozins i-iv, have been isolated from conidia of the fungus trichoderma harzianum. their amino acid sequences were clearly determined by spectrometric methods and, furthermore, they were synthesized by the solution-phase method. trichorozins are a family of the class of peptaibols and are composed of 11 residues including an amino alcohol. trichorozins exhibited voltage-dependent ion channel-like activity in lipid bilayers. | 1995 | 7539721 |
| metal loading and enzymatic degradation of fungal cell walls and chitin. | the capacity of chitin (from crab shells) and of fungal cell walls from trichoderma harzianum to accumulate zinc, cadmium and mercury was studied as well as the effects of adsorbed metals on the enzymatic hydrolysis by novozym 234 of the two substrates. the total adsorbing capacity with respect to these metals was estimated to be at least 10 mmol kg-1 chitin (dry weight) and 50 mmol kg-1 fungal cell walls (dry weight), respectively, at ph 6.1. enzymatic digestion of fungal cell walls preloaded w ... | 1995 | 7865989 |
| sequence of the pyr4 gene encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum. | the pyr4 gene, encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (omp decarboxylase) from the biocontrol fungus trichoderma harzianum, has been isolated by hybridization, using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-derived fragment as a probe. the pcr primers corresponded to conserved regions of omp decarboxylase-encoding genes from other filamentous fungi. a 2490-bp genomic fragment, which complemented a pyr4-auxotrophic t. reesei mutant, was sequenced. the gene showed high homology to pyr4 genes from ... | 1994 | 8088543 |
| acid-base properties of a soil fungus, trichoderma harzianum. | | 1994 | 22165935 |
| production of an isonitrile antibiotic by an uv-induced mutant of trichoderma harzianum. | production of the antibiotic, homothallin ii, by a uv-induced mutant strain of trichoderma harzianum is reported, the wild-type parent of which was not an isonitrile antibiotic-producer. the compound has broad antibiotic activity against oomycete, ascomycete and basidiomycete fungi, and both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. the significance of the induction of homothallin ii is discussed. | 1994 | 7765365 |
| intraspecific molecular variation among trichoderma harzianum isolates colonizing mushroom compost in the british isles. | the genetic diversity in trichoderma harzianum isolates from mushroom compost was assessed using various molecular techniques. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of ribosomal dna (rdna) and mitochondrial dna (mtdna) divided the 81 isolates into three major groups, 1, 2 and 3. there was no variation within a group in rdna, while a low degree of polymorphism was detected in mtdna. random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis of 30 randomly chosen isolates, with six primer ... | 1994 | 7912144 |
| raffinose-induced mutanase production from trichoderma harzianum. | the enzyme alpha(1-->3),3-glucanohydrolase (referred to as mutanase) from the filamentous fungus trichoderma harzianum omz 779 is capable of degrading the water-insoluble glucan in dental plaque. previously, it was necessary to produce the glucan (referred to as mutan) in vitro for use as the sole carbon source and inducer of mutanase synthesis in fungal cultures. we report here that raffinose also induces the production of mutanase. the metabolism of raffinose differed from that of other sugars ... | 1993 | 8224795 |
| metabolism of linoleic acid or mevalonate and 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone biosynthesis by trichoderma species. | the understanding of the biosynthetic pathway of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone in trichoderma species was achieved by using labelled linoleic acid or mevalonate as a tracer. incubation of growing cultures of trichoderma harzianum and t. viride with [u-c]linoleic acid or [5-c]sodium mevalonate revealed that both fungal strains were able to incorporate these labelled compounds (50 and 15%, respectively). most intracellular radioactivity was found in the neutral lipid fraction. at the initial time of incub ... | 1993 | 16349040 |
| primary structure of trichoderma harzianum ribosomal protein l32. | | 1993 | 8341606 |
| production and preliminary characterization of rna-depolymerase from trichoderma harzianum. | trichoderma harzianum produced rna-depolymerase with maximum activity after 72 to 120 h of growth. addition of k2hpo4 repressed enzyme production by the fungus. the optimal activity was at ph 7.8 and 40 to 50°c. the enzyme was stable at ph 3.2 to 9.0 and 80% of activity remained after 60 min at 40°c. edta and p-chloromercuribenzoate had no effect on the enzyme activity. | 1993 | 24420030 |
| molecular characterization of the proteinase-encoding gene, prb1, related to mycoparasitism by trichoderma harzianum. | the soil fungus trichoderma harzianum is a mycoparasitic fungus known for its use as a biocontrol agent of phytopathogenic fungi. among other factors, trichoderma produces a series of antibiotics and fungal cell wall-degrading enzymes. these enzymes are believed to play an important role in mycoparasitism. among the hydrolytic enzymes, we have identified a basic proteinase (prb1) which is induced by either autoclaved mycelia, fungal cell wall preparation or chitin; however, the induction does no ... | 1993 | 8326868 |
| methods for electrophoretic karyotyping of filamentous fungi in the genus trichoderma. | methods for electrophoretic karyotyping of filamentous fungi in the genus trichoderma were developed. these techniques permitted the separation and visualization of intact chromosomes from viable protoplasts. three strains were analyzed: trichoderma harzianum strains t12 his-2 and t95 lys-1, and a prototrophic strain (1295-22) produced by protoplast fusion of t12 his-2 with t95 lys-1. four chromosome bands ranging in size from 2.2 mb (megabase pairs) to 5.4 mb were visualized with strain t95 lys ... | 1993 | 8465953 |
| protein enrichment of sunflower lignocellulosic fraction by trichoderma harzianum s/g2431 in low moisture content media. | | 1993 | 27314790 |
| detection and quantification of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, chitobiosidase, and endochitinase in solutions and on gels. | procedures are described for the direct assay of n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (ec 3.2.1.30), chitobiosidase, and endochitinase (ec 3.2.1.14) after separation on starch or polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels. the enzymes were visualized as fluorescent bands by using an agarose overlay containing 4-methylumbelliferyl derivatives of n-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminide, beta-d-n,n'-di-acetylchitobioside, or beta-d-n,n',n"-triacetylchitotriose for n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, chitobiosidase, or endochit ... | 1993 | 8434798 |
| purification and characterization of beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from trichoderma harzianum. | beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase was produced by trichoderma harzianum cultivated with chitin as the growth substrate. the enzyme was purified 13.2-fold to homogeneity by ultrafiltration and sequential chromatography on sp-toyopearl and sephacryl s-200. the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 150,000 by gel filtration. the ph and temperature optima were 4.0-5.5 and 50 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme hydrolyzed n-acetylchitooligosaccharides at the non-reducing ends to release ... | 1991 | 1368749 |
| regulation of chitinase synthesis in trichoderma harzianum. | the production of chitinase by trichoderma species is of interest in relation to their use in biocontrol and as a source of mycolytic enzymes. fourteen isolates of the genus were screened to identify the most effective producer of chitinase. the best strain for chitinase was trichoderma harzianum 39.1, and this was selected for study of the regulation of enzyme synthesis. washed mycelium of t. harzianum 39.1 was incubated with a range of carbon sources. chitinase synthesis was induced on chitin- ... | 1991 | 1748872 |
| in vitro antagonism of bioluminescent fungi by trichoderma harzianum. | two species of bioluminescent fungi, panellus stypticus and omphalotus olearius were placed in contact with three different strains of interfungal pathogenic trichoderma harzianum. subsequent light emission by the luminous fungi and advance of the interfungal pathogens were compared. relative differences among the pathogens were reflected in their rate of mycelial advance, the total area over which they produced spores upon the host fungi, and decreases in host bioluminescence. after ten days di ... | 1991 | 1922266 |
| transfer of isolated nuclei into protoplasts of trichoderma harzianum. | protoplasts released from young hyphae of trichoderma harzianum contained 0 to 10 nuclei per protoplast, and most (about 80%) contained from 4 to 6 nuclei. most protoplasts were larger than 3 mum in diameter. nuclei were isolated from protoplasts of an auxotrophic mutant of t. harzianum and transferred into protoplasts obtained from another auxotroph of the same strain. this intrastrain nuclear transfer gave rise to numerous progeny which were stable, prototrophic, and heterokaryotic. interstrai ... | 1990 | 16348255 |
| induction of trichoderma sporulation by nanosecond laser pulses: evidence against cryptochrome cycling. | an important question in the study of photoreceptor action in morphogenesis is whether the chromophore is unidirectionally photobleached, or whether it is recycled, allowing each receptor molecule to be counted more than once. the common soil fungus trichoderma harzianum grows vegetatively in the dark and sporulates in response to a pulse of blue or uv-a light. colonies were grown at 26 degrees c, transferred to 3 degrees c, illuminated with non-saturating light, and then put back at 26 degrees ... | 1990 | 2304982 |
| isolation, sequence, and conformation of seven trichorzianines b from trichoderma harzianum. | from the antagonistic fungus trichoderma harzianum, a group of acidic new peptides, trichorzianines b (tb), was isolated in addition to neutral trichorzianines a (ta) previously studied. ta and tb exhibit various biological activities related to their membrane properties and a different behaviour of the two groups was noticed. as observed for other peptaibols, tb consist in a microheterogeneous mixture which was resolved into pure peptides by reversed-phase c18 hplc. the sequence of the seven ma ... | 1989 | 2599757 |
| cytochemical localization of beta-(1----4)-d-glucans in plant and fungal cells using an exoglucanase-gold complex. | an exoglucanase (exo-1,4-beta-glucanase), purified from a cellulase produced by the fungus trichoderma harzianum, was tagged with colloidal gold particles and applied on plant and fungal tissue sections for localizing beta-(1----4)-linked glucans. the present review reports the conditions required for the preparation of this enzyme-gold complex and for its application in transmission electron microscopy. the exoglucanase-gold complex was found to be a powerful probe for labelling accurately cell ... | 1989 | 2518813 |
| influence of growth substrate on production of cellulase enzymes by trichoderma harzianum e58. | cellulase production by trichoderma harzianum e58 grown on lactose and various cellulosic substrates such as solka floe, avicel, and steamed aspenwood was investigated. the culture filtrates of t. harzianum e58 obtained after growth on these substrates were assayed for their cellulase activities and overall hydrolytic activities. the severity of the steaming conditions used for the aspenwood had a pronounced effect on the cellulolytic activity of the produced culture filtrates. those substrates ... | 1988 | 18584671 |
| [isolation, analysis of amino acid sequence and crystallization of the extracellular ribonuclease th1 from trichoderma harzianum-01]. | a procedure of large-scale isolation of homogeneous ribonuclease th1 from cultural filtrates of trichoderma harzianum with a yield over 50% has been developed. three ion-exchange chromatographies on cm- and deae-cellulose gave 7500 fold purification of the protein with a specific activity of ca. 4500 u/mg. the rnase th1 is shown to be a basic protein (pi 9.5) with mr 10,747; it contains 106 amino acid residues (2 asp, 6 asn, 9 thr, 12 ser, 2 glu, 1 gln, 4 pro, 16 gly, 14 ala, 4 cys, 7 val, 5 ile ... | 1988 | 3139001 |
| inexpensive, rapid procedure for bulk purification of cellulase-free beta-1,4-d-xylanase of high specific activity. | a process has been developed for the bulk purification of cellulase-free beta-1,4-d-xylanase from the fungus trichoderma harzianum e58. the process involved the primary step of ultrafiltering the culture filtrate via a 10,000-molecular-weight cut-off membrane to separate the cellulase (retentate) and xylanase (permeate) fractions. the cellulase component was concentrated by 40- to 60-fold, resulting in an enzyme complex that could effectively hydrolyze high concentrations of cellulose and xylan ... | 1987 | 18576588 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction study of a xylanase from trichoderma harzianum. | a 20,000 mr xylanase from trichoderma harzianum has been purified and crystallized from 20% (w/v) saturated ammonium sulphate solutions. the unit cell is orthorhombic, space group p2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit cell lengths a = 44.2 a, b = 94.1 a, c = 51.6 a. data from native crystals and several potential heavy-atom derivatives have been collected. an x-ray analysis to at least 2.8 a resolution appears to be feasible. | 1987 | 3656407 |
| isolation and sequence determination of trichorzianines a antifungal peptides from trichoderma harzianum. | trichorzianines a, membrane active peptides of the peptaibol class, were isolated from cultures of the mould trichoderma harzianum. trichorzianines a were separated into pure components by hplc on octadecyl bonded and sio2 phases successively. nine trichorzianines a (iia, iiia, iiib, iiic, ivb, vb, via, vib and vii) were isolated from the complex microheterogeneous mixture. their n-terminal amino acid is acetylated, the c-terminal amino alcohol is either tryptophanol or phenylalaninol, 7 to 8 of ... | 1987 | 3570662 |
| acifluorfen enhancement of cryptochrome-modulated sporulation following an inductive light pulse. | acifluorfen enhancement of blue-light mediated phototropism suggested that this diphenyl-ether herbicide augments the light reaction (ty leong, wr briggs 1983 plant physiol 70: 875-881). the separation of the possible direct interaction of acifluorfen with light reactions from interactions with dark pathways has been elucidated in this paper with trichoderma harzianum. acifluorfen at 30 micromolar, given for 5 hours in the growth medium, stimulated the conidiation of trichoderma in response to b ... | 1987 | 16665207 |
| modified light-induced absorbance changes in dim y photoresponse mutants of trichoderma. | a brief pulse of blue light induces the common soil fungus trichoderma harzianum to sporulate. photoresponse mutants with higher light requirements than the wild type are available, including one class, dim y, with modified absorption spectra. we found blue-light-induced absorbance changes in the blue region of the spectrum, in wild-type and dim y mutant strains. the light-minus-dark difference spectra of the wild type and of several other strains indicate photoreduction of flavins and cytochrom ... | 1986 | 16664892 |
| cellulose digestion inmonochamus marmorator kby. (coleoptera: cerambycidae): role of acquired fungal enzymes. | larvae of the balsam fir sawyer,monochamus marmorator kby. (coleoptera, cerambycidae), contain midgut digestive enzymes active against hemicellulose and cellulose. cellulases from larvae fed on balsam fir wood infected with the fungus,trichoderma harzianum rifai (deuteromycetes, moniliales, moniliaceae), were found to be identical to those of the cellulase complex produced by this fungus when compared using chromatography, electrophoresis, and isofocusing. when larvae are maintained on a fungus- ... | 1986 | 24307047 |
| cellulase production by trichoderma harzianum in static and mixed solid-state fermentation reactors under nonaseptic conditions. | cellulase production from lignocellulosic materials was studied in solid-state cultivation by both static and mixed techniques under nonaseptic conditions. the effects of fermentation conditions, such as moisture content, ph, temperature, and aeration, on cellulase production by trichoderma harzianum using a mixture of wheat straw (80%) and bran (20%) were investigated. with a moisture content of 74% and a ph of 5.8., 18 iu filter paper activity and 198 iu endoglucanase activity/g initial substr ... | 1985 | 18553830 |
| modified cryptochrome in vivo absorption in dim photosporulation mutants of trichoderma. | mutants of trichoderma harzianum that are defective in blue-light-induced sporulation were induced by nutritional stresses as an alternative to light. these mutants may be modified in the putative photoreceptor pigment "cryptochrome" or in an early transduction component. dim (dimsighted) mutants induced by a short transient stress were mapped into four complementation groups and were chosen for study of pigment deficiencies by in vivo absorption spectroscopy. mutants rib(-)10 and lys(-)44 in th ... | 1985 | 16593557 |
| electric currents around growing trichoderma hyphae, before and after photoinduction of conidiation. | electric currents were measured around trichoderma harzianum (rifai) hyphae using an extracellular vibrating electrode. a steady current enters growing hyphal tips and along the side of the apical millimeter. in addition, outward currents were detected at about one-ninth of the locations tested, 60 to 150 minutes after illumination but not in dark controls. this sporadic, localized outward current pattern might be an early biophysical response to blue light. | 1984 | 16663532 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction results of trichorzianine a 1, a peptide with nineteen residues from trichoderma harzianum. | trichorzianine a 1 is one of the main components of a mixture of related antibiotic peptides (trichorzianines) produced by the fungus trichoderma harzianum. good crystals were obtained and allowed x-ray diffraction up to 0.8 a resolution. the space group is orthorhombic, c222(1), z = 8, a = 64.8 (1) a, b = 9.33 (3) a, c = 39.9 (1) a. the solvent content is only 12%, preventing a heavy ion diffusion. so, we are trying to obtain the structure by direct methods. | 1983 | 6631970 |
| high field nmr study of antibiotic peptides: 1h assignment of trichorzianine a1 spectra by 2d experiments. | a new antibiotic peptide, trichorzianine a1, was isolated from a culture of trichoderma harzianum. it contains 19 residues, the n terminus is blocked by an acetyl group and the c terminus is tryptophanol. as a first part of the structural study of this new peptide, we here present the analysis of the 1h nmr spectrum accomplished by 2 dj resolved and spin echo correlated spectroscopy. | 1983 | 6639649 |
| possible role of lectins in mycoparasitism. | lectin activity in a host-mycoparasite relationship was demonstrated with rhizoctonia solani and trichoderma harzianum. attachment of o but not a and b erythrocytes to hyphae occurred on r. solani but not on its mycoparasite. this phenomenon, which was ca2+ and mn2+ dependent, was prevented by galactose, present in t. harzianum cell walls, and by fucose. | 1983 | 6682860 |
| [hydrolysis of cellulose by fungi. ii. production of cellulases by trichoderma harzianum by fermentation in liquid media]. | microcristalline cellulose (cellulose avicel, merck) supported growth of trichoderma harzianum and induced production of cellulases in liquid cultures. after 50 h growth, the total cellulasic activities present in both the supernatant and the mycelium were 3,000 iu/l of carboxymethyl cellulose, 400 iu/l of filter paper activity, and 4 iu/l of cotton activity corresponding to 1.7 g/l of proteins. cellulase production could be increased by a preliminary treatment of cellulose, and ph regulation du ... | 2006 | 6891887 |
| [hydrolysis of cellulose by fungi. 1. screening of cellulolytic strains]. | trichoderma harzianum was selected from 30 strains of cellulolytic fungi with the aim of producing cellulases by solid state fermentation of lignocellulosic substrates. special attention was paid to cellulase production (i.e. carboxymethylcellulase and filter paper activity), apical growth and conidia production. under the conditions of our experiments, t. harzianum exhibited the highest cellulasic activities with 1,315 iu/l of carboxymethyl cellulose and 80 iu/l of filter paper activity. apical ... | 2006 | 6891886 |
| reduction of the formation of dental plaque and gingivitis in humans by crude mutanase. | the effect of a trichoderma harzianum enzyme preparation containing mutanase (alpha-1,3 glucan glucanohydrolase) on plaque accumulation and composition and on occurrence of gingivitis was assessed in 20 persons in a double-blind cross-over investigation. the enzyme preparation was administered in chewing gum. two test periods of 1 week were preceded by scaling and cleansing of the teeth, oral hygiene instruction, and controlled hygiene for at least 3 weeks. oral hygiene measures were discontinue ... | 1978 | 349673 |