| coevolution of parasitic fungi and insect hosts. | parasitic fungi and their insect hosts provide an intriguing model system for dissecting the complex co-evolutionary processes, which result in red queen dynamics. to explore the genetic basis behind host-parasite coevolution we chose two parasitic fungi (beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae, representing the most important entomopathogenic fungi used in the biological control of pest or vector insects) and two established insect model hosts (the greater wax moth galleria mellonella and ... | 2016 | 27448694 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of amitraz-resistant and susceptible strains of rhipicephalus decoloratus. | rhipicephalus decoloratus causes serious economic losses in cattle industry every year in east africa. biological control using entomopathogenic fungi is seen as a promising alternative to chemical acaricides being used for their control. the pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae and of beauveria bassiana isolates was tested in the laboratory against amitraz-resistant and amitraz-susceptible strains of r. decoloratus. unfed larvae were sprayed with conidial suspensions of 1×10(9) conidia ml(-1 ... | 2016 | 27369570 |
| unveiling the oxidative metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally exposed to entomopathogenic fungi. | rhipicephalus microplus is an important tick in tropical regions due to the high economic losses caused by its parasitism. metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana are well-known entomopathogenic fungi that can afflict r. microplus ticks. the development of new targets and strategies to control this parasite can be driven by studies of this tick's physiology. recently, it was reported that when exposed to adverse physiological conditions, ticks can activate fermentative pathways, indicating ... | 2016 | 27354113 |
| oviposition deterrence and immature survival of filth flies (diptera: muscidae) when exposed to commercial fungal products. | filth flies are pests of livestock, and can transmit pathogens that cause disease to animals and their caretakers. studies have shown successful infection of adult filth flies following exposure to different strains and formulations of entomopathogenic fungi. this study aimed to examine the effects of commercial formulations of beauveria bassiana (balsamo) (moniliales: moniliaceae) (i.e., botanigard es, mycotrol o, balence), and metarhizium brunneum (metsch.) (ascomycota: hypocreales) (i.e., met ... | 2016 | 27302955 |
| effect of three entomopathogenic fungi on three species of stingless bees (hymenoptera: apidae) under laboratory conditions. | development of alternative strategies for pest control with reduced effect on beneficial organisms is a priority given the increasing global loss of biodiversity. biological control with entomopathogenic fungi arises as a viable option to control insect pests. however, few studies have focused on the consequences of using these organisms on pollinators other than the honey bee (apis mellifera l.) or bumble bees (bombus spp). we evaluated the pathogenicity of commercial formulations of three wide ... | 2016 | 27151469 |
| beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae endophytically colonize cassava roots following soil drench inoculation. | we investigated the fungal entomopathogens beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to determine if endophytic colonization could be achieved in cassava. an inoculation method based on drenching the soil around cassava stem cuttings using conidial suspensions resulted in endophytic colonization of cassava roots by both entomopathogens, though neither was found in the leaves or stems of the treated cassava plants. both fungal entomopathogens were detected more often in the proximal end of th ... | 2016 | 27103778 |
| laboratory evaluation of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae in the control of haemaphysalis qinghaiensis in china. | haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, a prevalent tick species in china, is an ectoparasite that preferentially infests small ruminants and can transmit theileria sp. and babesia sp. in this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity of individual and mixed infections of the fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae to h. qinghaiensis nymphs. the estimated lc50 for ticks immersed in solutions of b. bassiana, m. anisopliae and a mixture thereof were: 5.88056 × 10(4), 2.65 × 10(4), and 2.85 × 10(4) con ... | 2016 | 27071674 |
| antifungal, antiradical and cytotoxic activities of extractives obtained from tagetes patula l. (asteraceae), a potential acaricide plant species. | tagetes patula l. shows a complex chemical composition, ranging from glycosylated flavonoids and thiophenes in extracts until terpenoids in the essential oil. in the present study, due to this rich flavonoidic constitution, its antioxidant potential was determined, having shown values of antiradical percentage superior to reference compounds, mainly the extracts prepared with flowers. previous studies performed emphasized the acaricide potential of t. patula and thus, the present study aimed to ... | 2016 | 26945559 |
| microbial control of the invasive spiraling whitefly on cassava with entomopathogenic fungi. | the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, lecanicillium lecanii and isaria fumosorosea were tested for their efficacy in managing the exotic spiraling whitefly aleurodicus dispersus (hemiptera, aleyrodidae) on cassava (manihot esculenta) during 2 seasons (2011-2012 and 2012-2013). the fungi i. fumosorosea and l. lecanii exhibited promising levels of control (> 70% mortality of the a. dispersus population). the percent mortality increased over time in both seasons. ap ... | 2017 | 26691465 |
| antagonism of entomopathogenic fungi by bacillus spp. associated with the integument of cicadellids and delphacids. | entomopathogenic fungi are potential tools to biocontrol cicadellids and delphacids, two groups of insects that cause extensive damage to agricultural crops. however, bacteria living on the host cuticle may inhibit fungal growth. in the present work, following the molecular characterization of 10 strains of bacillus isolated from the integument of cicadellids and delphacids, we selected isolates of the fungi beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae that are resistant to the antimicrobials s ... | 2015 | 26496616 |
| insecticide rotation programs with entomopathogenic organisms for suppression of western flower thrips (thysanoptera: thripidae) adult populations under greenhouse conditions. | western flower thrips, frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is one of the most destructive insect pests of greenhouse production systems with the ability to develop resistance to a wide variety of insecticides. a common resistance management strategy is rotating insecticides with different modes of action. by incorporating entomopathogenic organisms (fungi and bacteria), which have discrete modes of action compared to standard insecticides, greenhouse producers may preserve the effectiveness o ... | 2015 | 26470338 |
| horizontal transmission of beauveria bassiana (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae) and metarhizium anisopliae (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) in musca domestica (diptera: muscidae). | beauveria bassiana vuillemin and metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin are fungi with potential for controlling musca domestica l. however, the impact on this dipteral may vary depending on the fungal isolates and the methodology used. this study evaluated the pathogenicity of direct application and horizontal transmission of b. bassiana (cg240) and m. anisopliae (cg34) on adult m. domestica individuals. the impact of b. bassiana and m. anisopliae on m. domestica was evaluated at the con ... | 2015 | 26470298 |
| susceptibility of cabbage maggot larvae (diptera: anthomyiidae) to hypocreales entomopathogenic fungi. | the pathogenicity of six metarhizium spp., four beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, and four tolypocladium cylindrosporum gams (ascomycota: hypocreales) fungal pathogens exposed to third-instar delia radicum l. was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. the presence of intra- and intergeneric variations concerning the pathogenicity of the isolates was investigated. results show that all metarhizium spp. and t. cylindrosporum isolates caused a noteworthy mortality to the third instar and conseque ... | 2015 | 26470101 |
| a protocol for determination of conidial viability of the fungal entomopathogens beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae from commercial products. | techniques for directly determining conidial viability have widespread use but also have limitations for quality control assessments of formulated mycoinsecticides, especially in emulsifiable oil. this study proposes a new method based on adaptations of already established protocols that use the direct viability method to make it more economical and accurate, thus enabling its use in the evaluation of formulated products. appropriate parameters and conditions were defined using products based on ... | 2015 | 26432104 |
| [natural ocurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in soils cultivated with paraguay tea (ilex paraguariensis st. hil.) in misiones, argentina]. | this study aimed to morphologically isolate, identify and characterize entomopathogenic fungi present in soils cultivated with paraguay tea (ilex paraguariensis). a survey of native entomopathogenic fungi was conducted from 40 soil samples grown with paraguay tea in the province of misiones, argentina, from may 2008 to june 2010. the soil dilution plate methodology on selective culture media was used to isolate microorganisms. taxonomic identification was performed using macroscopic and microsco ... | 2015 | 26028585 |
| [species diversity and temporal niche of entomopathogenic fungi in the extensively managed tea plantation soil]. | the species diversity and temporal niche of entomopathogenic fungi community in the rhizosphere soil collected from the extensively managed huangshan fuzz tip tea plantation were investigated. a total of 140 soil samples were collected at the location of tangkou town, huangshan of anhui province during august, 2012 to june, 2013, and totally 1041 fungal isolates were obtained on selective medium with soil dilution plating. the results showed that the entomopathogenic fungi community in the tea p ... | 2014 | 25898633 |
| potential of two entomopathogenic fungi, beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae (coleoptera: scarabaeidae), as biological control agents against the june beetle. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic fungi (epf), beauveria bassiana (bals.) vuill. (deuteromycotina: hyphomycetes) strain ppri 5339 [broadband, an emulsifiable spore concentrate (ec) formulation] and metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) strain f52 [met52, both ec and granular (gr) formulations] against the larvae of polyphylla fullo (l.) (coleoptera: scarabaeidae). larvicidal bioassays were performed in foam boxes (10 ... | 2015 | 25881632 |
| potential for entomopathogenic fungi to control triatoma dimidiata (hemiptera: reduviidae), a vector of chagas disease in mexico. | the use of entomopathogenic fungi to control disease vectors has become relevant because traditional chemical control methods have caused damage to the environment and led to the development of resistance among vectors. thus, this study assessed the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi in triatoma dimidiata. | 2015 | 25626650 |
| new insights into the amphibious life of biomphalaria glabrata and susceptibility of its egg masses to fungal infection. | the air-breathing snail biomphalaria glabrata proliferates in stagnant freshwater, and nothing is known about the survival of eggs in intermittently (rather than perpetually) wet habitats. in the present study their egg masses matured, and juveniles subsequently eclosed and were mobile in a stable water film of transitory habitats simulated by two different simple test devices described here. the viability of eggs maintained in an unstable film however, was diminished. the maturation of egg mass ... | 2015 | 25576771 |
| effects of some bioinsecticides and entomopathogenic fungi on colorado potato beetle (leptinotarsa decemlineata l.). | in this study, biological activity of entomopathogenic fungi (4 strains) isolated from the colorado potato beetle and the commercial biopesticides containing entomopathogenic fungi; priority® (paecilomyces fumosoroseus), nibortem® (verticillium lecanii), nostalgist® (beauveria bassiana), bio-magic* (metarhizium anisopliae), bio-nematon* (paeciliomyces sp.) and plant extracts; nimbedicine ec* (azadiractin) were determined against leptinotarsa decemlineata under laboratory conditions. an imidaclop ... | 2015 | 27145587 |
| improving mycoinsecticides for insect biological control. | the desire for decreased reliance on chemical pesticides continues to fuel interest in alternative means for pest control including the use of naturally occurring microbial insect pathogens. insects, as vectors of disease causing agents or as agricultural pests, are responsible for millions of deaths and significant economic losses worldwide, placing stresses on productivity (gdp) and human health and welfare. in addition, alterations in climate change are likely to affect insect ranges, expandi ... | 2015 | 25503318 |
| naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi infecting stored grain insect species in punjab, pakistan. | the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi isolated from stored grain insect pests sampled from various geographical regions of punjab, pakistan, was investigated. in total, 25,720 insects from six different species were evaluated, and 195 isolates from 24 different fungal species were recovered. these included the ascomycetes beauveria bassiana sensu lato (balsamo) vuillemin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), pu ... | 2014 | 25480970 |
| responsiveness of entomopathogenic fungi to menadione-induced oxidative stress. | entomopathogenic fungi are predisposed to ros induced by heat and uv-a radiation when outside the insect host. when inside the host, they are subject to phagocytic cells that generate ros to eliminate invading pathogens. the oxidative stress tolerance of the entomopathogenic fungi aschersonia aleyrodis (arsef 430 and 10276), aschersonia placenta (arsef 7637), beauveria bassiana (arsef 252), isaria fumosorosea (arsef 3889), lecanicillium aphanocladii (arsef 6433), metarhizium acridum (arsef 324), ... | 2014 | 25457946 |
| selectivity of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) on adults of cotesia flavipes (hymenoptera: braconidae). | understanding mortality patterns and interactions between entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoids is important to improve insect biological control programs. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff, 1879) sorokin, 1833 and beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, 1912 (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) on adults of cotesia flavipes (cameron, 1891) (hymenoptera: braconidae) with biological insecticides biometha wp plus (m. anisopliae), biovéria g (b. bas ... | 2014 | 25403080 |
| susceptibility of adults of the cerambycid beetle hedypathes betulinus to the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and purpureocillium lilacinum. | the cerambycid beetle hedypathes betulinus (klug) (coleoptera: cerambycidae) causes severe damage to yerba mate plants (ilex paraguariensis (st. hilaire) (aquifoliales: aquifoliaceae)), which results in large losses of production. in this study, the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi of the species beauveria bassiana (balsamo-crivelli) vuillemin (hypocreales: cordycipitaceae), metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae), and purpureocillium lilaci ... | 2014 | 25368071 |
| physiological changes in rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) experimentally infected with entomopathogenic fungi. | carbohydrate metabolism plays an important role in the physiology and maintenance of energy stores within living organisms. however, when organisms are exposed to adverse physiological conditions, such as during pathogenic infection, these organisms begin to use alternative substrates (proteins and lipids) for energy production. this paper studied the carbohydrate metabolism of rhipicephalus microplus after infection with beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the parameters evaluated we ... | 2015 | 25346195 |
| evaluation of insect associated and plant growth promoting fungi in the control of cabbage root flies. | delia radicum l. or cabbage maggot is an important pest for brassicaceous crops. there are currently no registered chemical control agents for its control in slovenia. fungal control agents for cabbage maggot were therefore sought among nine rhizosphere-compatible and plant growth-promoting, soil-adapted, and entomopathogenic species to cabbage maggots and were assayed in in vitro and soil laboratory bioassays. in the in vitro tests, the conidial suspensions were applied directly to cabbage magg ... | 2014 | 25195421 |
| efficacy of two fungus-based biopesticide against the honeybee ectoparasitic mite, varroa destructor. | the varroa mite, varroa destructor (anderson and trueman) (acari: varroidae), is known as the most serious ectoparasitic mite on honeybee, apis mellifera (hymenoptera: apidae) in the world. based on the spores of entomopathogenic fungi, two commercial preparations; bioranza (metarhizium anisopliae) and biovar (beauveria bassiana) were evaluated through application into the hives against varroa mite. data showed significant differences between treatments with bioranza and biovar, the results were ... | 2013 | 24498835 |
| pathogenicity, ovicidal action, and median lethal concentrations (lc 50 ) of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic spiralling whitefly, aleurodicus dispersus russell. | biological control using entomopathogenic fungi could be a promising alternative to chemical control. entomopathogenic fungi, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin, metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin, lecanicillium lecanii (zimmerm.) zare and gams, and paecilomyces fumosoroseus (wize) brown and smith, were tested for their pathogenicity, ovicidal effect, and median lethal concentrations (lc50) against exotic spiralling whitefly, aleurodicus dispersus russell. the applications were ma ... | 2013 | 24455279 |
| immune response of chilo suppressalis walker (lepidoptera: crambidae) larvae to different entomopathogenic fungi. | the current study reports mortality and effects on cellular immune response of several entomopathogenic fungi including isoleates bb1, bb2 and bb3 of beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, isaria fumosoroseus and lecanicilium lecanii against larvae of chilo suppressalis. prohemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes and oenocytoids were identified as the main circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph of larvae using giemsa staining solution. entomopathogenic fungi caused differential mortality on ... | 2014 | 24447729 |
| evaluation of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and isaria fumosorosea for control of sitophilus oryzae. | the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae, and isaria fumosorosea were tested against the stored-grain pest sitophilus oryzae. the fungi were isolated from the soil (from three locations in attica, greece: b. bassiana from tatoion, m. anisopliae from marathon, and i. fumosorosea from aghios stefanos) using larvae of galleria mellonella as bait. suspensions of 2.11 × 10(7) and 2.11 × 10(8), 1.77 × 10(7) and 1.77 × 10(8), and 1.81 × 10(7) and 1.81 × 10(8) conidia per ml ... | 2014 | 24406003 |
| entomopathogenic fungi in cornfields and their potential to manage larval western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera. | entomopathogenic ascomycete fungi are ubiquitous in soil and on phylloplanes, and are important natural enemies of many soil-borne arthropods including larval western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera, which is a major pest of corn. we measured the prevalence of beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato in ten cornfields in iowa, usa by baiting with larval insects. b. bassiana and m. anisopliae s.l. were present in 60% ± 6.3% and 55% ± 6.4% of soil samples, respectivel ... | 2013 | 24120889 |
| the antifungal activity of fatty acids of all stages of sarcophaga carnaria l. (diptera: sarcophagidae). | fatty acids as components of cuticular lipids of insects play a significant role in antifungal in protection against fungal infection. the chemical composition of cuticular and internal extracts obtained from all developmental stages of flesh flies sarcophaga carnaria was identified. the fatty acids were detected using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and the most abundant for all examined stages were: 18:1 > 16:0 > 16:1 > 18:0 > 18:2. polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufa) c20 were ... | 2014 | 23969191 |
| [use of entomopathogenic fungi to degrade wax secreted by ceroplastes japonicus]. | we used entomopathogenic fungi to degrade insect wax. | 2013 | 23957148 |
| association between entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi for control of rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae). | the aim of the study was to assess the effect of the association of entomopathogenic nematodes and fungi on rhipicephalus microplus. the nematodes used were heterorhabditis bacteriophora hp88 and heterorhabditis indica lpp1 and the fungi were metarhizium anisopliae ibcb 116 and beauveria bassiana esalq 986. in the groups treated with the fungi, the females were immersed for 3 min in a conidial suspension, while in the groups treated with the nematodes, the ticks were exposed to infective juvenil ... | 2013 | 23949242 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic hypocrealean fungi against periplaneta americana. | the american cockroach periplaneta americana, one of the worlds' most important urban insect pests was tested with entomopathogenic fungi. most promising metarhizium anisopliae, metarhizium robertsii and beauveria bassiana killed nymphs (≥ 81.7% mortality, 25 days after treatment), and these fungi developed on all dead insects. other fungi tested were less virulent (metarhizium frigidum and purpureocillium lilacinum) or avirulent (isaria cateniobliqua, isaria farinosa, simplicillium lanosoniveum ... | 2013 | 23899866 |
| can insects develop resistance to insect pathogenic fungi? | microevolutionary adaptations and mechanisms of fungal pathogen resistance were explored in a melanic population of the greater wax moth, galleria mellonella. under constant selective pressure from the insect pathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana, 25(th) generation larvae exhibited significantly enhanced resistance, which was specific to this pathogen and not to another insect pathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae. defense and stress management strategies of selected (resistant) and non-selec ... | 2013 | 23560083 |
| selection of a fungal isolate for the control of the pink hibiscus mealybug maconellicoccus hirsutus. | maconellicoccus hirsutus green is a widely distributed pest of numerous crops. although synthetic pesticides are used to control this pest, entomopathogenic fungi may provide an alternative control mechanism. three experiments were carried out to select a fungal isolate with the potential to be used as a microbial control agent. the in vitro growth of five isolates of beauveria bassiana sensu lato (bals.) vuill and metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (metschn.) sorokín, along with three isolates o ... | 2013 | 23255508 |
| neutral lipid composition changes in the fat bodies of engorged females rhipicephalus microplus ticks in response to fungal infections. | the tick's fat body plays an essential role in energy storage and utilization. this study aimed to analyze the fat body neutral lipid composition in rhipicephalus microplus engorged females. in the first study (physiological profile of untreated ticks), the lipid analysis took place over the course of 4 days; the engorged females were incubated at optimal conditions and their fat bodies were dissected daily. fat body lipid analysis after fungal infection with metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s ... | 2013 | 23138474 |
| comparison of volatile blends and nucleotide sequences of two beauveria bassiana isolates of different virulence and repellency towards the termite macrotermes michealseni. | isolates of the fungus beauveria bassiana have different levels of virulence and repellency against the termite macrotermes michaelseni. in the present study, we compared the volatile profiles and gene sequences of two isolates of the fungus with different levels of virulence and repellence to the termite. gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analyses showed quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of volatiles of the two isolates. the repellencies of synthetic blends of 10 p ... | 2013 | 23111683 |
| entomopathogenic fungi as potential biocontrol agents of the ecto-parasitic mite, varroa destructor, and their effect on the immune response of honey bees (apis mellifera l.). | three isolates of each of the entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae, beauveria bassiana and clonostachys rosea, were assessed for their pathogenicity to the honey bee parasitic mite, varroa destructor. the fungi were applied to varroa mites by immersing them in a spore solution, and then the inoculated mites were placed on honey bee brood inside capped cells. at 7 days post inoculation (dpi), the three fungi caused significant varroa mortality compared to non-inoculated mites. in brood ... | 2012 | 23000027 |
| entomopathogenic fungi, metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana reduce the survival of xenopsylla brasiliensis larvae (siphonaptera: pulicidae). | entomopathogenic fungi, particularly those belonging to the genera metarhizium and beauveria have shown great promise as arthropod vector control tools. these agents, however, have not been evaluated against flea vectors of plague. | 2012 | 22992264 |
| isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from northern thailand and their production in cereal grains. | spore productivity in six entomopathogenic fungal strains isolated from insect cadavers at four locations in chiang mai province was evaluated in five cereal grains: white-rice, wheat, rye, corn and sorghum. according to sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer regions of these isolates, they were closely related to beauveria bassiana (2 isolates), metarhizium flavoviride (1 isolate), metarhizium anisopliae (1 isolate), paecilomyces lilacinus (1 isolate) and isaria tenuipes (1 isolat ... | 2012 | 22965474 |
| evaluation of strains of metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana against spodoptera litura on the basis of their virulence, germination rate, conidia production, radial growth and enzyme activity. | ten strains of the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana were evaluated to find the most effective strain for optimization studies. the first criterion tested for strain selection was the mortality (> 50%) of spodoptera litura larvae after inoculation of the fungus for 4 days. results on several bioassays revealed that b. bassiana bnbcrc showed the most virulence on mortality s. litura larvae (80% mortality). b. bassiana bnbcrc also showed the highest germination r ... | 2012 | 22870053 |
| susceptibility of different life stages of ornithodoros lahorensis to entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae and beauveria bassiana. | the use of chemicals for the control of arthropod pests can be problematic due to the potential for both environmental contamination and resistance development. as a result, there is an increasing interest in nonchemical alternatives, such as biocontrol by entomopathogenic fungi. in the present study, three strains of metarhizium anisopliae (v245, 3247, and 4456) and one strain of beauveria bassiana (lm 3.2) were evaluated under laboratory conditions for their virulence towards three life stages ... | 2012 | 22782474 |
| effect of oil-based formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control rhipicephalus microplus ticks under laboratory conditions. | the formulations of acaripathogenic fungi to control ticks have been widely studied. the present study evaluated the efficacy of oil-based formulations of metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.), isolate ma 959, and beauveria bassiana, isolate bb 986, on different rhipicephalus microplus stages, comparing the efficacy between aqueous suspensions and 10, 15 and 20% mineral oil formulations. twelve groups were formed: one aqueous control group; three mineral oil control groups, at 10, 15 or 20%; ... | 2012 | 22480883 |
| variability in the production of extracellular enzymes by entomopathogenic fungi grown on different substrates. | entomopathogenic fungi are important controllers of pest-insects populations in agricultural production systems and in natural environment. these fungi have enzymatic machinery which involve since the recognition and adherence of spores in their hosts culminating with infection and death of these insects. the main objective of this study was to analyzed extracellular enzyme production of the fungi strains beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae and paecilomyces sp when cultured on substrates. ... | 2012 | 24031896 |
| occurrence of pathogenic fungi to amblyomma cajennense in a rural area of central brazil and their activities against vectors of rocky mountain spotted fever. | two isolates of beauveria bassiana and one of purpureocillium lilacinum (=paecilomyces lilacinus) were found infecting amblyomma cajennense engorged females collected on horses (0.15% infection rate from a total of 1982 specimens) and another two isolates of p. lilacinum and one metarhizium anisopliae detected in soils (2.1% from 144 samples) collected in typical pasture habitats of this tick in central brazil from october 2009 to march 2011. fungi were isolated from soils with rhipicephalus san ... | 2012 | 22459109 |
| selection of promising fungal biological control agent of the western flower thrips frankliniella occidentalis (pergande). | larval stages of frankliniella occidentalis are known to be refractory to fungal infection compared with the adult stage. the objective of this study was to identify promising fungal isolate(s) for the control of larval stages of f. occidentalis. | 2012 | 22429122 |
| selection of beauveria bassiana sensu lato and metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato isolates as microbial control agents against the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) in argentina. | the boll weevil (anthonomus grandis) is the main pest of cotton in the americas. the aim of this work was to evaluate isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana sensu lato and metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato virulent against a. grandis. screening was performed to evaluate the pathogenicity of 28 isolates of m. anisopliae s.l. and 66 isolates of b. bassiana s.l. against boll weevil adults. to select the isolates, lc(50) values of the most virulent isolates were calculated, and co ... | 2012 | 22326392 |
| a novel dodine-free selective medium based on the use of cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) to isolate beauveria bassiana, metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato and paecilomyces lilacinus from soil. | this study evaluated the quaternary ammonium compound cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) as an alternative to the chemically related dodecylguanidine (dodine) for the selective isolation of entomopathogenic fungi. oatmeal agar (oa) with chloramphenicol was used as basal medium, and three concentrations of ctab (0.5, 0.6, 0.7 g/l) were evaluated and compared against oa + 0.46 g/l dodine. selective isolation and growth studies were performed with the entomopathogens beauveria bassiana, metarh ... | 2015 | 22314588 |
| species confirmation of fungal isolates by molecular analysis. | traditional taxonomy of hyphomycetes has been based on conidial morphology and development. in order to confirm species level for the detection and identification of the entomopathogenic fungus, we analysed the species-specific fingerprints to investigate molecular characteristics within isolates of six species and to resolve morphologically atypical isolates. the extent of fingerprint profile observed by rapd was sufficient to confirm the species level of all the isolates. the genetic similarit ... | 2010 | 23100842 |
| spore density and viability of entomopathogenic fungal isolates from indonesia, and their virulence against aphis gossypii glover (homoptera: aphididae). | the focus of this study was on quantifying fitness attributes, such as spore density and viability, and determining the virulence level against aphid (aphis gossypii) nymphs of isolates from the fungal species beauveria bassiana and metarhizium anisopliae. the fungal isolates were obtained from several insects, including plutella xylostella, hypothenemus hampei, bronstispa longissima, a. gossypii, tenebrio molitor, and leptocorisa acuta, that were collected from indonesian islands, such as sumat ... | 2010 | 24575186 |
| evaluation of metarhizium anisopliae for the control of culicoides brevitarsis kieffer (diptera: ceratopogonidae), the principal vector of bluetongue virus in australia. | four isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae were tested for their potential to control the biting midge culicoides brevitarsis, the principal vector of bluetongue virus in australia. adult c. brevitarsis died three to eight days after walking on paper substrate treated with 0.7 g/m(2) conidia of any of the isolates, indicating that m. anisopliae has potential as a surface treatment or topical application control strategy. incorporation of the fungus into freshly excreted ... | 2014 | 24820575 |
| ms analysis and molecular characterization of botrytis cinerea protease prot-2. use in bioactive peptides production. | prot-2 protease previously purified to homogeneity from botrytis cinerea showed potentiality to be used in detergency and for production of bioactive peptides. to extend the characterization of prot-2 protease, antifungal and antibacterial assays were performed in vitro using protein hydrolysates prepared from muscle of mackerel (scomber scomborus) treated with this enzyme. the most active hydrolysate (degree of hydrolysis of 8 %) exhibited inhibition effect towards bacteria and phytopathogenic ... | 2013 | 23494220 |
| inhibition of hepatitis b virus gene expression & replication by crude destruxins from metarhizium anisopliae var. dcjhyium. | destruxin a, destruxin b and destruxin e isolated from entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae showed a strong suppressive effect on the replication of hepatitis b virus (hbv) in human hepatoma cells. in this study, the anti-hbv effects of the crude destruxins extracted from m. anisopliae var. dcjhyium were detected both in vitro and in vivo. | 2013 | 24521644 |
| identification of a thioredoxin peroxidase gene involved in resistance to nucleopolyhedrovirus infection in helicoverpa armigera with rna interference. | thioredoxin peroxidases (tpxs) play a crucial role in protection against oxidative damage in several insect species. however, studies on the characteristics and functions of tpxs in helicoverpa armigera are lacking. in this study, a novel 2-cys tpx gene from h. armigera (hatpx) was identified. sequence analysis revealed that hatpx is highly conserved and shares two catalysis regions (vcp) with other insect species. hatpx mrna was found to be expressed in an age-dependent manner and was ubiquitou ... | 2015 | 26238928 |
| steinernema glaseri surface enolase: molecular cloning, biological characterization, and role in host immune suppression. | entomopathogenic nematodes are widely used as biological control agents that can suppress or evade the host immune defense upon entry into insects. the surface coat of steinernema glaseri has been shown to play important roles in defeating the host immune system. in this work, a protein fraction with antiphagocytic activity was separated by electro-elution and further analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de). lc-ms/ms analysis of one protein spot from a 2-de gel gave five peptides that ... | 2012 | 22750626 |
| increased virulence of transgenic trichoderma koningi strains to the asian corn borer larvae by overexpressing heterologous chit42 gene with chitin-binding domains. | the chit42 gene cloned from metarhizium anisopliae lacks chitin-binding domain (chbd), which plays important roles in binding insoluble chitin. five kinds of hybrid chitinase trichoderma transformants were constructed in this study, where the chit42 gene was fused to chbds derived from plant, bacterial, and insect sources. the transformant mc4 harboring chbds from bitter melon (momordica charantia) displayed the highest chitinase activity among all chbds. the chitinase activities of mc4, chit42 ... | 2013 | 23431975 |
| further screening of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes as control agents for drosophila suzukii. | drosophila suzukii populations remain low in the uk. to date, there have been no reports of widespread damage. previous research demonstrated that various species of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes could potentially suppress d. suzukii population development under laboratory trials. however, none of the given species was concluded to be specifically efficient in suppressing d. suzukii. therefore, there is a need to screen further species to determine their efficacy. the following entomopath ... | 2016 | 27294962 |
| lab-on-a-chip and sds-page analysis of hemolymph protein profile from rhipicephalus microplus (acari: ixodidae) infected with entomopathogenic nematode and fungus. | in the present study, lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis (loac) was suggested as an alternative method to the conventional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions (sds-page) to analyze raw cell-free tick hemolymph. rhipicephalus microplus females were exposed to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae senso latu ibcb 116 strain and/or to the entomopathogenic nematode heterorhabditis indica lpp1 strain. hemolymph from not exposed or exposed ticks was collected 16 and ... | 2016 | 27174026 |
| efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi (ascomycetes: hypocreales) against adult haematobia irritans (diptera: muscidae) under stable conditions in the mexican dry tropics. | the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of five strains of metarhizium anisopliae (ma) and three strains of isaria fumosorosea (ifr) at a concentration of 1×10(8)colony-forming units/ml applied by spraying onto bovines with controlled infestation of haematobia irritans under stable conditions in the mexican dry tropics. four experiments were performed, in each of which three treatments (two fungal strains and one control) were evaluated with eight repetitions for each one, by carryin ... | 2015 | 25771932 |
| histone acetylation mediates epigenetic regulation of transcriptional reprogramming in insects during metamorphosis, wounding and infection. | | 2012 | 23035888 |
| differential expression of the pr1a gene in metarhizium anisopliae and metarhizium acridum across different culture conditions and during pathogenesis. | the entomopathogenic fungi of the genus metarhizium have several subtilisin-like proteases that are involved in pathogenesis and these have been used to investigate genes that are differentially expressed in response to different growth conditions. the identification and characterization of these proteases can provide insight into how the fungus is capable of infecting a wide variety of insects and adapt to different substrates. in addition, the pr1a gene has been used for the genetic improvemen ... | 2015 | 25983629 |
| correction: different effects of metarhizium anisopliae strains imi330189 and ibc200614 on enzymes activities and hemocytes of locusta migratoria l. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155257.]. | 2017 | 28358898 |
| minimized natural versions of fungal ribotoxins show improved active site plasticity. | fungal ribotoxins are highly specific extracellular rnases which cleave a single phosphodiester bond at the ribosomal sarcin-ricin loop, inhibiting protein biosynthesis by interfering with elongation factors. most ribotoxins show high degree of conservation, with similar sizes and amino acid sequence identities above 85%. only two exceptions are known: hirsutellin a and anisoplin, produced by the entomopathogenic fungi hirsutella thompsonii and metarhizium anisopliae, respectively. both proteins ... | 2017 | 28283321 |
| the genetic basis for variation in resistance to infection in the drosophila melanogaster genetic reference panel. | individuals vary extensively in the way they respond to disease but the genetic basis of this variation is not fully understood. we found substantial individual variation in resistance and tolerance to the fungal pathogen metarhizium anisopliae ma549 using the drosophila melanogaster genetic reference panel (dgrp). in addition, we found that host defense to ma549 was correlated with defense to the bacterium pseudomonas aeruginosa pa14, and several previously published dgrp phenotypes including o ... | 2017 | 28257468 |
| species diversity and population dynamics of entomopathogenic fungal species in the genus metarhizium-a spatiotemporal study. | we studied the species diversity and population genetic structure of isolates of fungi from the entomopathogenic genus metarhizium that had been isolated from sugarcane crops and surrounding grass. soil and leaf samples were taken on four sampling occasions over 13 months (october 2014-october 2015). isolations were made using the galleria mellonella baiting method and selective media. phylogenetic placement of isolates was done by sequencing a fragment of the 5' of the elongation factor 1-α gen ... | 2017 | 28124726 |
| the effects of destruxin a on relish and rel gene regulation to the suspected immune-related genes of silkworm. | destruxin a (da), a cyclodepsipeptidic mycotoxin of entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae, has anti-immunity activity against insects, but the mechanism of immune regulation is not clear yet. in our previous experiment, the significant expression changes of bm_nscaf2838_045, bm_nscaf2674_066, and bm_nscaf2767_133 genes in a silkworm's hemocytes were found, which suggested that these genes might be involved in insect's innate immunity. in the current experiment, the silkworm cell line b ... | 2016 | 28036076 |
| does the effect of a metarhizium anisopliae isolate on rhipicephalus microplus depend on the tick population evaluated? | the filamentous fungus metarhizium anisopliae is an arthropod pathogen used in the biological control of pests in agriculture and livestock. the effect of the fungus m. anisopliae on ticks has been shown in experiments in vitro. the aim of the present study was to compare the susceptibility of different field isolates of rhipicephalus microplus to m. anisopliae. a total of 67 field isolates were evaluated. rhipicephalus microplus larvae were immersed in an m. anisopliae suspension (10(8) conidia ... | 2017 | 27908773 |
| cuticular colour reflects underlying architecture and is affected by a limiting resource. | central to the basis of ecological immunology are the ideas of costs and trade-offs between immunity and life history traits. as a physical barrier, the insect cuticle provides a key resistance trait, and tenebrio molitor shows phenotypic variation in cuticular colour that correlates with resistance to the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. here we first examined whether there is a relationship between cuticular colour variation and two aspects of cuticular architecture that we hypo ... | 2016 | 27856219 |
| molecular characterization, expression analysis and rnai knock-down of elongation factor 1α and 1γ from nilaparvata lugens and its yeast-like symbiont. | in the present paper, four cdnas encoding the alpha and gamma subunits of elongation factor 1 (ef-1) were cloned and sequenced from nilaparvata lugens, named nlef-1α, nlef-1γ, and its yeast-like symbiont (yls), named ysef-1α and ysef-1γ, respectively. comparisons with sequences from other species indicated a greater conservation for ef-1α than for ef-1γ. nlef-1α has two identical copies. the deduced amino acid sequence homology of nlef-1α and nlef-1γ is 96 and 64%, respectively, compared with ho ... | 2016 | 27809951 |
| frozen section and electron microscopy studies of the infection of the red palm weevil, rhynchophorus ferrugineus (coleoptera:curculionidae) by the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae. | this study determined the pathogenicity of metarhizium anisopliae strain sd-3 against invasive red palm weevil (rpw), rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera:curculionidae) larvae in hainan province, china. inoculation of 1 × 10(8) conidia/ml caused 100 % mortality of r. ferrugineus, indicating that the conidia of strain sd-3 were highly virulent. the process of invasion mechanism was showed by scanning electron microscopy (sem) and frozen section as follows. once r. ferrugineus was infect ... | 2016 | 27795891 |
| acaricidal activity of metarhizium anisopliae isolated from paddocks in the mexican tropics against two populations of the cattle tick rhipicephalus microplus. | the acaricidal effects of 55 strains of metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin, 1883 (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae) isolated from paddocks of cattle farms were evaluated in two rhipicephalus microplus (canestrini 1887) (ixodida: ixodidae) populations, of which one was multi-resistant and one was susceptible to chemical acaricides. percentage mortality and reproductive efficiency indices in r. microplus were evaluated by adult immersion tests at a dose of 1 × 10(8) conidia/ml for each fung ... | 2017 | 27759176 |
| new insights into the infection of the american cockroach periplaneta americana nymphs with metarhizium anisopliae s.l. (ascomycota: hypocreales). | to study the marked resistance of periplaneta americana to entomopathogenic metarhizium anisopliae. | 2016 | 27511640 |
| heat-stressed metarhizium anisopliae: viability (in vitro) and virulence (in vivo) assessments against the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. | the current study investigated the thermotolerance of metarhizium anisopliae s.l. conidia from the commercial products metarril® sp organic and metarril® wp. the efficacy of these m. anisopliae formulations against the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. was studied in laboratory under optimum or heat-stress conditions. the products were prepared in water [tween® 80, 0.01 % (v/v)] or pure mineral oil. conidia from metarril® sp organic suspended in water presented markedly delayed germination afte ... | 2017 | 27704216 |
| uv-b radiation reduces in vitro germination of metarhizium anisopliae s.l. but does not affect virulence in fungus-treated aedes aegypti adults and development on dead mosquitoes. | control of diurnal aedes aegypti with mycoinsecticides should consider the exposure of fungus-treated adults to sunlight, and especially to uv-b radiation that might affect activity of conidia applied on the mosquito's surface. | 2016 | 27685030 |
| production of conidia by the fungus metarhizium anisopliae using solid-state fermentation. | this chapter describes the production of conidia by metarhizium anisopliae using solid-state fermentation. before production of conidia, procedures for strains conservation, reactivation, and propagation are essential in order to provide genetic stability of the strains. the strain is conserved in freeze-dried vials and then reactivated through insect inoculation. rice is used as a substrate for the conidia production in two different bioreactors: plastic bags and tubular bioreactor. the co2 pro ... | 2016 | 27565492 |
| screening of metarhizium anisopliae uv-induced mutants for faster growth yields a hyper-virulent isolate with greater uv and thermal tolerances. | the insect pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae is an important insect biological control agent commercialized for use worldwide. fungal infection is percutaneous, and rapid germination and growth has been linked to virulence. using a simple in vitro growth screen to isolate mutants with increased virulence, m. anisopliae sm04 conidia were exposed to uv radiation for 20, 40, and 60 min, and mutants were subsequently screened for more rapid growth on standard potato dextrose agar. from a scre ... | 2016 | 27521024 |
| ants detect but do not discriminate diseased workers within their nest. | social insects have evolved an array of individual and social behaviours that limit pathogen entrance and spread within the colony. the detection of ectoparasites or of fungal spores on a nestmate body triggers their removal by allogrooming and appears as a primary component of social prophylaxis. however, in the case of fungal infection, one may wonder whether ant workers are able to detect, discriminate and keep at bay diseased nestmates that have no spores over their cuticle but which constit ... | 2016 | 27475810 |
| characterization of a new toxin from the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae: the ribotoxin anisoplin. | metarhizium anisopliae is an entomopathogenic fungus relevant in biotechnology with applications like malaria vector control. studies of its virulence factors are therefore of great interest. fungal ribotoxins are toxic ribonucleases with extraordinary efficiency against ribosomes and suggested as potential insecticides. here we describe this ribotoxin characteristic activity in m. anisopliae cultures. anisoplin has been obtained as a recombinant protein and further characterized. it is structur ... | 2017 | 27472070 |
| screening of tropical isolates of metarhizium anisopliae for virulence to the red palm weevil rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera: curculionidae). | the red palm weevil, rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier (coleoptera: curculionidae) is a serious pest of the palm tree in tropical regions of the world. one strain of metarhizium sp. zj-1, isolated from chinese soils, was evaluated for growth characteristics, and screened for its virulence to r. ferrugineus larvae in laboratory conditions. an approximately 685-bp fragment was amplified by its (its1-5.8s-its2) pcr from strain zj-1, further phylogenetic analysis revealed that 93 % similarity to met ... | 2016 | 27468401 |
| determination and characterization of destruxin production in metarhizium anisopliae tk6 and formulations for aedes aegypti mosquitoes control at the field level. | destruxins, cyclic hexadepsipeptide toxins, secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae through extracellular synthesis. the present study reports a new approach for the analysis of dtxs produced by the fungal strain metarhizium anisoliae tk6, using frir-hplc-lc-ms and h(1) nmr. the results also showed that production of the major dtxs a, b, c, and e have to be determined in czapek dextrose (cd) liquid culture filtrate from 9 to 12 days post-inoculation. purified dtx were fur ... | 2016 | 27452930 |
| biochemical basis of synergism between pathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae and insecticide chlorantraniliprole in locusta migratoria (meyen). | we challenged locusta migratoria (meyen) grasshoppers with simultaneous doses of both the insecticide chlorantraniliprole and the fungal pathogen, metarhizium anisopliae. our results showed synergistic and antagonistic effects on host mortality and enzyme activities. to elucidate the biochemical mechanisms that underlie detoxification and pathogen-immune responses in insects, we monitored the activities of 10 enzymes. after administration of insecticide and fungus, activities of glutathione-s-tr ... | 2016 | 27328936 |
| effect of heat stress and oil formulation on conidial germination of metarhizium anisopliae s.s. on tick cuticle and artificial medium. | the effect of heat stress (45°c) versus non-heat stress (27°c) on germination of metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (s.s.) isolate ip 119 was examined with conidia formulated (suspended) in pure mineral oil or in water (tween 80, 0.01%), and then applied onto the cuticle of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) engorged females or onto culture medium (pday). in addition, bioassays were performed to investigate the effect of conidia heated while formulated in oil, then applied to blood-eng ... | 2016 | 27317831 |
| biocontrol of the brown-banded cockroach, supella longipalpa f. (blattaria: blattellidae), with entomopathogenic fungus, metharhizium anisopliae. | considering to the high distribution of cockroaches as urban pests, the efficacy of different formulations of metarhizium anisopliae strain iran 437c were assessed against the brown-banded cockroach, supella longipalpa f. under laboratory and field conditions. | 2016 | 27308292 |
| fitness costs to helicoverpa armigera after exposure to sub-lethal concentrations of metarhizium anisopliae sensu lato: study on f1 generation. | the entomopathogenic fungus, metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) sorokin is a valuable biocontrol agent attacking larval stages of many lepidopteran pests including helicoverpa armigera (hübner). sub-lethal effects of m. anisopliae sensu lato (s.l.) (isolate m14) were investigated on life table parameters of offspring from treated larvae of h. armigera. duration of different life stages was significantly affected by fungal treatments. fecundity was decreased in females derived from h. armigera larv ... | 2016 | 27247225 |
| metarhizium anisopliae infection alters feeding and trophallactic behavior in the ant solenopsis invicta. | in social insects, social behavior may be changed in a way that preventing the spread of pathogens. we infected workers of the ant solenopsis invicta with an entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae and then videotaped and/or measured worker feeding and trophallactic behavior. results showed that fungal infected s. invicta enhanced their preference for bitter alkaloid chemical quinine on 3days after inoculation, which might be self-medication of s. invicta by ingesting more alkaloid substa ... | 2016 | 27234423 |
| metarhizium anisopliae for controlling rhipicephalus microplus ticks under field conditions. | metarril sp organic is a product based on the fungus metarhizium anisopliae, which was developed for controlling agricultural pests. the present study evaluated the effect of metarril sp organic plus 10% mineral oil, for controlling rhipicephalus microplus under field conditions. three groups were formed: control group, which received no treatment; oil control group, which was bathed only with water, tween 80 and mineral oil; and metarril group, bathed in the oil-based formulation metarril sp or ... | 2016 | 27198775 |
| a common theme in extracellular fluids of beetles: extracellular superoxide dismutases crucial for balancing ros in response to microbial challenge. | extracellular cu/zn superoxide dismutases (sods) are critical for balancing the level of reactive oxygen species in the extracellular matrix of eukaryotes. in the present study we have detected constitutive sod activity in the haemolymph and defensive secretions of different leaf beetle species. exemplarily, we have chosen the mustard leaf beetle, phaedon cochleariae, as representative model organism to investigate the role of extracellular sods in antimicrobial defence. qualitative and quantita ... | 2016 | 27068683 |
| belowground ecology of scarabs feeding on grass roots: current knowledge and future directions for management in australasia. | many scarab beetles spend the majority of their lives belowground as larvae, feeding on grass roots. many of these larvae are significant pests, causing damage to crops and grasslands. damage by larvae of the greyback cane beetle (dermolepida albohirtum), for example, can cause financial losses of up to au$40 million annually to the australian sugarcane industry. we review the ecology of some scarab larvae in australasia, focusing on three subfamilies; dynastinae, rutelinae, and melolonthinae, c ... | 2016 | 27047506 |
| biological control of ixodes ricinus larvae and nymphs with metarhizium anisopliae blastospores. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae is used as a biological pest control agent against various arthropod species, including ticks. however, the efficacy depends on tick species, tick stage and fungus strain. we studied the effect of m. anisopliae on engorged larvae and nymphs of ixodes ricinus, the most abundant tick species in europe, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. a significant reduction of engorged larvae and nymphs could be shown under laboratory as well as under ... | 2016 | 27005430 |
| new antibacterial isocoumarin glycosides from a wetland soil derived fungal strain metarhizium anisopliae. | eight new isocoumarin glycosides (1-8) were obtained from the solid culture of the wetland soil-derived fungus metarhizium anisopliae (no. dth12-10). their chemical structures were elucidated by analyses of hr esi-tof ms, (1)h, (13)c nmr, (1)h-(1)h cosy, hsqc, and hmbc spectra. the absolute configurations were determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction, circular dichroism (cd) spectrum, and chemical derivatization methods. in addition, inhibition of the biofilm formation and the secretion of ... | 2016 | 26848110 |
| effect of certain entomopathogenic fungi on oxidative stress and mortality of periplaneta americana. | the present paper reports the effects of metarhizium anisopliae, isaria fumosoroseus and hirsutella thompsonaii on periplaneta americana. i. fumosoroseus and h. thompsonaii were cultured at 28±1°c on potato carrot agar and m. anisopliae was cultured at 28±1°c on potato dextrose agar for 14days. conidial suspensions of fungi were given to cockroaches through different routes. m. anisopliae shows high virulence against adult cockroaches and mortality ranges from 38.65% to 78.36% after 48h. i. fumo ... | 2016 | 26821655 |
| proteomics of survival structures of fungal pathogens. | fungal pathogens are causal agents of numerous human, animal, and plant diseases. they employ various infection modes to overcome host defense systems. infection mechanisms of different fungi have been subjected to many comprehensive studies. these investigations have been facilitated by the development of various '-omics' techniques, and proteomics has one of the leading roles in this regard. fungal conidia and sclerotia could be considered the most important structures for pathogenesis as thei ... | 2016 | 26777984 |
| secretome analysis of metarhizium anisopliae under submerged conditions using bombyx mori chrysalis to induce expression of virulence-related proteins. | the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae is used to control insect pests. this species is specialized for the secretion of an enzymatic complex consisting of proteases, lipases, and chitinases related to pathogenicity and virulence. in this context, the secretomes of strains ibcb 167 and ibcb 384 of m. anisopliae var. anisopliae, grown under submerged fermentation in the presence of chrysalis as an inducer, were analyzed. analysis of two-dimensional gels showed qualitative and quantita ... | 2016 | 26597214 |
| field efficacy of a metarhizium anisopliae-based attractant-contaminant device to control ceratitis capitata (diptera: tephritidae). | biological control of ceratitis capitata (wiedemann) (diptera: tephritidae) using entomopathogenic fungi is being studied as a viable control strategy. the efficacy of a metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin (hypocreales: clavicipitaceae)-based attractant-contaminant device (acd) to control c. capitata was evaluated in a medium-scale (40 ha) 2-yr field trial using a density of 24 acd per ha. results showed that this density was adequate to efficiently reduce fruitfly populations and that ... | 2015 | 26470297 |
| cuticle fatty acid composition and differential susceptibility of three species of cockroaches to the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycota, hypocreales). | differences in free fatty acids (ffas) chemical composition of insects may be responsible for susceptibility or resistance to fungal infection. determination of ffas found in cuticular lipids can effectively contribute to the knowledge concerning insect defense mechanisms. in this study, we have evaluated the susceptibility of three species of cockroaches to the entomopathogenic fungi metarhizium anisopliae (metschnikoff) sorokin by topical application. mortality due to m. anisopliae was highly ... | 2015 | 26470187 |
| exposure of bed bugs to metarhizium anisopliae at different humidities. | bed bugs cimex lectularius l. were exposed to conidia (spores) of the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae by feeding, aerosol spray, or contact with a treated surface. feeding experiments demonstrated that bed bugs were innately susceptible to this fungus. however, only at 98% humidity were mortality rates high, regardless of whether bed bugs were sprayed with a fungal solution or contacted a treated surface. mortality in treated bed bugs at ambient humidity did not increase when thes ... | 2014 | 26470085 |
| optimizing western flower thrips management on french beans by combined use of beneficials and imidacloprid. | western flower thrips (wft), frankliniella occidentalis (pergande), is an important pest of vegetable crops worldwide and has developed resistance to many insecticides. the predatory mites neoseiulus (=amblyseius) cucumeris (oudemans), the entomopathogenic fungus metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.), and an insecticide (imidacloprid) were tested for their efficacy to reduce wft population density and damage to french bean (phaseolus vulgaris l.) pods under field conditions in two planting periods. m ... | 2015 | 26463079 |