| in-vitro effects of cilofungin (ly121019), amphotericin b and amphotericin b-deoxycholate on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. | the in-vitro influence of cilofungin (ly121019) and amphotericin b on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (pmns) was studied by a multifunctional approach. cilofungin at high concentration (greater than or equal to 20 mg/l) increased adherence to plastic and ingestion of staphylococcus aureus by pmns in suspension and candida albicans by adherent pmns, and slightly decreased mtt reduction and superoxide generation. amphotericin b and amphotericin b-deoxycholate decreased adherence to plastic (ic5 ... | 1989 | 2557318 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and cirrhosis. value of fluconazole]. | we report the case of a 80-old-year woman with cryptococcal meningitis and cirrhosis. the diagnosis of this rare infectious complication is probably underestimated in patients with cirrhosis. of diagnostic value is the detection of cryptococcal antigen in cerebral fluid. fluconazole could improve an otherwise poor prognostic. | 1989 | 2558943 |
| mode of action of itraconazole: morphological aspects. | the broad spectrum of antifungal activity of itraconazole is verified by morphologic criteria at the light and electron microscopical level. yeast and fungal species examined are candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, paracoccidioides brasiliensis, sporothrix schenckii, pityrosporum ovale, trichophyton rubrum and aspergillus fumigatus. exposures of cultures of these yeasts and fungi to itraconazole results in dose- and time-dependent alterations which vary in nature and intensity from one sp ... | 1989 | 2561185 |
| the in-vitro antifungal spectrum of itraconazole. | the activity of itraconazole on 6113 fungal strains belonging to 252 species was evaluated in fluid media. the test medium was brain heart infusion broth for all fungi, except for pityrosporum ovale, for which it was dixon broth. most of the human and animal pathogens and a large number of saprophytes were highly sensitive: dermatophytes, candida, cryptococcus, torulopsis, pityrosporum, aspergillus, penicillium, sporothrix, dimorphic fungi, phaeohyphomycetes, agents of eufungal mycetoma, entomop ... | 1989 | 2561189 |
| cutaneous cryptococcosis resembling molluscum contagiosum: a first manifestation of aids. | a 30-year-old homosexual man developed multiple skin umbilicated lesions resembling molluscum contagiosum. initially the lesions were on his face but they rapidly spread. histopathology and mycologic cultures of a skin biopsy revealed cryptococcus neoformans which was also identified in cerebrospinal fluid and in bronchoalveolar washings. the patient had fever, weight loss, generalized lymph node enlargement, depletion of the t helper subpopulation and positive hiv-1 serology. during treatment w ... | 1989 | 2568067 |
| restriction fragment polymorphism in mitochondrial dna of cryptococcus neoformans. | the restriction patterns of mitochondrial dna from 20 isolates of the two varieties of cryptococcus neoformans were compared. the patterns exhibited extensive heterogeneity among the isolates regardless of their serotype or varietal status. hybridizations with cloned fragments of the conserved cytochrome oxidase gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibited at least seven patterns among the 20 isolates. there were, however, similarities in the restriction patterns among isolates within the same s ... | 1989 | 2576873 |
| cytologic detection of cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid. rapid screening methods. | yeasts of cryptococcus neoformans in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were studied using polarized light and fluorescence microscopy. ultraviolet-induced fluorescence of wet-fixed, papanicolaou-stained smears and polarization of air-dried, diff-quik or leishman-stained preparations are complementary methods that allow for rapid screening for and immediate identification of cryptococcus in cytologic preparations of csf. | 1985 | 2580409 |
| comparative study of four antifungal drugs in an experimental model of murine cryptococcosis. | a comparative study among amphotericin b, 5-fluorocytosine, itraconazole and fluconazole in the treatment of experimental cryptococcosis in mice, was carried out. seventy male balb c mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(7) cells of cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans. they were divided in 7 groups of 10 animals each one: 1) treated with fluconazole by gavage at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg; 2) treated with itraconazole by gavage at a daily dose of 16 mg/kg; 3) treated with 5-fluorocyto ... | 1989 | 2594050 |
| role of igg and complement component c5 in the initial course of experimental cryptococcosis. | although cellular immunity has a crucial role during cryptococcosis, several in vitro studies have pointed out the importance of igg anti-cryptococcus neoformans antibodies and complement components during phagocytosis of the yeast by polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes. we investigated the role of complement and specific antibodies in host defences against experimental cryptococcosis, using a monoclonal igg1 antibody (e1) specific for cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide, and mice congen ... | 1989 | 2612053 |
| [a case of cryptococcal meningitis successfully treated with miconazole and csf drainage]. | cryptococcal meningitis is the most frequent fungal infection of the central nervous system, known readily to complicate with immuno-compromised patients. there are only a few cases of primary infection in healthy non-immuno-compromised patients. amphotericin-b (amph-b) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-fc) are effective agents against cryptococcal meningitis, although, their toxicity and drug resistance are limiting factors. however, in recent years miconazole has been widely used against fungal infectio ... | 1989 | 2614099 |
| immunosuppression in experimental cryptococcosis in rats. induction of thymic suppressor cells. | the presence of the microorganism, cortical hyperplasia and germinal centers was detected in the thymus of rats infected with 10(7) viable cryptococcus neoformans cells and immunized at 7 days afterwards with 2.5 mg (0.1 ml) of human serum albumin (hsa) incorporated to complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) (group 2). there was no modification of the glandular structure in the thymus of the animals only immunized with hsa-cfa (group 1). the weight of the thymus of group 2, animals infected and immuniz ... | 1989 | 2615801 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of piritetrate (m-732), a new antidermatophytic thiocarbamate. | piritetrate (m-732), a new topical antifungal agent belonging chemically to the thiocarbamates, was demonstrated to possess a potent selective antidermatophytic activity. in terms of its mics in susceptibility testing, mainly done by using sabouraud dextrose agar plates, piritetrate exhibited several- to 10-fold-stronger antidermatophytic activity than tolnaftate, a reference thiocarbamate. furthermore, piritetrate was found to show a broader antifungal spectrum than tolnaftate; relatively many ... | 1989 | 2619275 |
| cispentacin, a new antifungal antibiotic. ii. in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities. | cispentacin [-)-(1r,2s)-2-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid) is a new antifungal antibiotic possessing potent anti-candida activity. the 50% inhibitory concentration (ic50) and ic100 values of cispentacin against clinical isolates of candida albicans were in the ranges 6.3 approximately 12.5 and 6.3 approximately 50 micrograms/ml, respectively, by turbidimetric measurement in yeast nitrogen base glucose medium. no significant activity was seen against any yeasts and molds when tested by the ag ... | 1989 | 2621158 |
| [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: analysis of neurologic complications in 44 cases]. | we studied the clinical records of 280 patients admitted to our hospital between 1985 and 1988, with a positive elisa test for hiv-related antibodies: 15.71% (44) of these patients exhibited clinical abnormalities related to disease of the cns. in 6 (13.6%) patients the neurological complication was the first manifestation of hiv-infection. patients were mainly male homosexuals, in the 30-39 age range. frequent chief complaints included hemiparesis, headache and behavior disturbances. cerebral t ... | 1989 | 2634380 |
| treatment of murine cryptococcosis with cyclosporin-a in normal and athymic mice. | we previously demonstrated that prophylactic cyclosporin-a (cs-a) treatment of mice enhanced survival after inoculation of cryptococcus neoformans by both the intratracheal (it) and intravenous (iv) routes. in the present studies, we determined whether an established infection due to c. neoformans could be treated with cs-a. mice inoculated it develop a prominent pulmonary infection with late dissemination to distant organs. the survival of mice infected by the pulmonary route that received cs-a ... | 1989 | 2643377 |
| cryptococcal hepatitis and meningitis in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report. | a case of cryptococcal hepatitis is described in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. there has been no previous reports of this in the east african literature. a review of world literature showed that the entity of cryptococcal hepatitis is very rare. | 1989 | 2645104 |
| stereotactic drainage of aspergillus brain abscess with long-term survival: case report and review. | aspergillus species are second only to cryptococcus neoformans as the most common cause of fungal infections of the central nervous system in immunocompromised patients. survival following treatment of aspergillus brain abscess has been reported only 4 times. in each case, craniotomy was performed for abscess drainage. we present a case of long-term survival following stereotactic drainage of a bilateral aspergillus brain abscess. in all reported cases, including the present one, histological ex ... | 1989 | 2648179 |
| use of the membrane filtration technique and staib agar for the detection of cryptococcus neoformans in the urine of aids patients--a contribution to diagnosis, therapy and pathogenesis of cryptococcosis. | for the cultural control of cryptococcus neoformans (cr.n.), among the routinely examined standard specimens like csf, sputum, blood, etc., urine earns special attention. the combination of membrane filtration technique (mft) and staib agar for the detection of cr.n. from body fluids as described by staib in 1963 was used for the cultural isolation of cr.n. from urine of aids patients. in 3 examplary cases the diagnostic significance of this method could be demonstrated: the brown colour effect ... | 1989 | 2651909 |
| community-acquired fungal pneumonias. | histoplasma capsulatum, coccidioides immitis, blastomyces dermatitidis, and cryptococcus neoformans can cause acute community-acquired pneumonia. all are soil-dwelling fungi and disturbance of contaminated soil is necessary for infection in man. each has particular epidemiologic considerations that may offer a clue to diagnosis, but the clinical presentation is not sufficiently characteristic to be of diagnostic help. infection may produce variable symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic skin test c ... | 1989 | 2652235 |
| characterization of a suppressor factor that regulates phagocytosis by macrophages in murine cryptococcosis. | a t-suppressor factor which inhibits the phagocytic activity of a macrophage subset has been further characterized. this suppressor factor was first described for a murine model of cryptococcosis but was later found to be common to models of immunologic unresponsiveness. the suppressor factor was produced when suppressor cells were cultured in the presence of specific cryptococcal antigen. it could not be extracted from spleen cells and was not induced by antigen in cultures of lymph node cells. ... | 1989 | 2656522 |
| study of the effects of liposomal amphotericin b on candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and erythrocytes by using small unilamellar vesicles prepared from saturated phospholipids. | we compared the anticellular effects of liposomal amphotericin b (amb) formed from amb and small unilamellar vesicles. the small unilamellar vesicles with or without cholesterol were prepared from three l-alpha-phosphatidylcholines with saturated acyl chains of different lengths: distearoyl (c18), dipalmitoyl (c16), and dimyristoyl (c14). we found that the anticellular potency of liposomal amb, compared with that of free amb, decreased with decreasing length of the acyl chain of the phospholipid ... | 1989 | 2658784 |
| murine natural killer cell interactions with a fungal target, cryptococcus neoformans. | earlier investigations have shown that murine natural killer (nk) cells bind to and inhibit the growth of the fungal pathogen cryptococcus neoformans in vitro and in vivo. to define the stages of nk cell-mediated inhibition of c. neoformans growth and the requirements for the completion of these stages, the events which lead to cryptococcal growth inhibition were compared with those previously elucidated for nk cell-mediated tumor cell lysis. our data indicate that nk cell-cryptococci binding is ... | 1989 | 2659531 |
| cryptococcosis in the aids era. | | 1989 | 2661249 |
| cryptococcosis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. | we report a case of invasive cryptococcosis complicating continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and its successful treatment. this form of infection has not been previously described. | 1989 | 2664000 |
| coagglutination (coa) test for the rapid diagnosis of cryptococcal meningitis. | cryptococcus coagglutination (coa) test reagent was prepared locally and showed no cross reactions with different species of bacteria or yeasts or with 75 control sera including 25 that gave positive results for ra factor. we used the coa test to detect cryptococcus antigen in the csf and we could confirm the diagnosis of 11 out of 115 suspected cases of fungal meningitis; the titre varied from 4 to 128. a four-fold rise in titre confirmed the diagnostic value and a steady fall in titre in three ... | 1989 | 2664182 |
| effect of hypertonic solutes upon the polysaccharide capsule in cryptococcus neoformans. | the polysaccharide capsule is a characteristic virulence factor in the yeast-pathogen, cryptococcus neoformans. growth in hypertonic growth media results in yeast cells with visibly smaller capsules. we investigated this suppression quantitatively, using a chemical assay for cell-bound and dissolved capsular polysaccharide. molar nacl suppressed production of cell-bound polysaccharide by a factor of 2.5- to 5-fold. the possibility of salt-induced physico-chemical contraction of capsular gel was ... | 1989 | 2664504 |
| mitochondrial kinetics during mitosis in cryptococcus neoformans--an ultrastructural study. | mitochondrial kinetics during mitosis in cryptococcus neoformans was examined with ultrathin serial sections using a computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction technique. the number of mitochondria varied during mitosis: there was an increase in prophase to telophase cells and a decrease in interphase cells. no appreciable differences in the form and number of mitochondria were found between the cells in the logarithmic growth phase and stationary phase. fluctuations in the ratio of mitocho ... | 1989 | 2664505 |
| inhibitory effect of a new mycotic agent, piritetrate on ergosterol biosynthesis in pathogenic fungi. | a new antimycotic agent piritetrate, a thiocarbamate derivative, was found to interfere with fungal sterol biosynthesis. sterol biosynthesis was measured by means of incorporation of radioactivity from [14c]acetate into individual sterol fractions and their precursor compounds extracted from cells of candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, and trichophyton mentagrophytes. piritetrate was a much more potent inhibitor of fungal squalene epoxidation than a related drug, naphthiomate. the greater ... | 1989 | 2666631 |
| cryptococcus neoformans in the seminal fluid of an aids patient. a contribution to the clinical course of cryptococcosis. | in a 33-year-old hiv-positive homosexual male suffering from unexplained headache, cryptococcosis was diagnosed in a progressive secondary stage. after treatment with the standard combination therapy of amphotericin b + flucytosine for 34 d, the patient was clinically symptom-free and discharged, upon his own request, from the hospital. he remained under ambulatory mycological control. after an interval of 65 d during which the urine had been free from cryptococcus neoformans (cr.n.), the fungus ... | 1989 | 2666852 |
| [a study on cryptococcal meningitis by elisa]. | | 1989 | 2667698 |
| separation of chromosomes of cryptococcus neoformans by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. | chromosomes from cryptococcus neoformans, an encapsulated yeast pathogen, were separated by contour-clamped homogeneous field gel electrophoresis. seven strains representing all four serotypes were studied. it was found that each strain had a unique, reproducible pattern of chromosome bands which could potentially be used for strain polymorphism studies. there were between 10 and 12 chromosomes in the strains studied, with an approximate genomic size of 15,000 to 17,000 kilobases. chromosome sep ... | 1989 | 2668180 |
| recommended dosage change for amphotericin b. | | 1989 | 2668433 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans and munia birds. | cr. neoformans var. neoformans has been persistently demonstrated in the saprobic environment of caged munia birds at a local zoological garden. the pathogen was also cultured from the beaks, feathers and legs of these birds. it is suggested that the role of munia birds should be further investigated to understand the ecology of this important human pathogen. | 1989 | 2668756 |
| cutaneous cryptococcosis. | cutaneous cryptococcosis occurs in 10 to 15% of patients with cryptococcosis. because the cutaneous crytpococcosis may precede clinical signs of central nervous system disease, early recognition may lead to more successful outcomes. this article reviews the mycology, epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of this disease, focusing primarily on the cutaneous aspects. | 1989 | 2670372 |
| aids-related heart disease: a review of the literature. | heart disease related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) encompasses a number of pathologic findings that may or may not be associated with specific cardiac signs and symptoms. a review of 30 reports revealed that cardiac disorders were apparent in 424 (74%) of 574 aids patients. neoplasms and opportunistic infections each were reported in 46 (8%) patients. the area of the heart most commonly affected was the myocardium. pericardial disease as a single disorder was apparent in 14 p ... | 1989 | 2671277 |
| infections with cryptococcus neoformans in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we reviewed the records of 106 patients with cryptococcal infections and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) treated at san francisco general hospital. we examined four issues: the efficacy of treatment with amphotericin plus flucytosine as compared with amphotericin alone, the efficacy of suppressive therapy, the prognostic clinical characteristics, and the course of nonmeningeal cryptococcosis. in 48 of the 106 patients (45 percent), cryptococcosis was the first manifestation of aids ... | 1989 | 2671735 |
| electrophoretic karyotype of the pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans. | the electrokaryotype of the pathogenic yeast cryptococcus neoformans is described for the first time. three different patterns were seen: (a) serotypes b and c (variety gattii) are similar and consist of nine chromosome mobility groups of greater than 580 kb; (b) serotype a (variety neoformans) revealed eight chromosome-like groups greater than 700 kb; (c) serotype d (the second serotype of variety neoformans) not only differs from those described above, but each d isolate tested showed a differ ... | 1989 | 2674325 |
| cloning of 18s and 25s rdnas from the pathogenic fungus cryptococcus neoformans. | cryptococcus neoformans is an important pathogenic fungus that has been classified as a basidiomycete. little is known of the molecular genetics of this fungal pathogen. to begin such studies, we devised a procedure for extraction of dna from cryptococci; this method involved the use of the cell wall-active enzyme novozym 234. using cloned rdna of saccharomyces cerevisiae as a probe, we identified homologous restriction fragments in a southern blot of digested c. neoformans dna. an 8.6-kilobase ... | 1989 | 2676980 |
| phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans by rat alveolar macrophages. | a radiolabeling method was developed to investigate the interaction in vitro between cryptococcus neoformans and lewis rat alveolar macrophages (am phi). am phi were harvested by lung lavage, monolayers of adherent cells were established in wells of microtiter plates and [51cr]-labeled yeast cells were added to the monolayers. after removal of extracellular yeasts, the adherent radioactivity associated with the am phi was directly proportional both to the number of yeasts added and to the number ... | 1989 | 2677298 |
| killing of cryptococcus neoformans by rat alveolar macrophages. | the addition of [51cr]-labeled yeast cells of cryptococcus neoformans to monolayers of lewis rat alveolar macrophages (am phi) provided a sensitive and reproducible in vitro assay of phagocytosis. am phi and yeast cells were incubated in 10% (v:v) normal rat serum for 1 h, non-am phi associated yeast cells were removed and the am phi-associated radioactivity (phagocytosis) determined. replicate wells were replenished with fresh medium and reincubated. at different times, yeast-am phi monolayers ... | 1989 | 2677299 |
| tissue changes in cryptococcosis: histologic alteration from gelatinous to suppurative granulomatous tissue response with asteroid body. | the histologic variety and transformation in cutaneous cryptococcosis with acute lymphocytic leukemia before antifungal treatment and after the start of treatment were studied by the light and electron microscopic examinations. the initial cutaneous lesions before treatment revealed gelatinous tissue reactions, and cryptococcus neoformans (serotype a) were isolated from the skin biopsy specimen and blood. however, later recurrent cutaneous lesions receiving antifungal treatment revealed suppurat ... | 1989 | 2677734 |
| concentration dependent dual effect of the monolauryl ester of sucrose on the antifungal activity and absorption spectra of amphotericin b (fungizone). | a mild detergent, the monolauryl ester of sucrose (ls), at concentrations which ranged from 0.008 to 0.03%, enhanced amphotericin b (amb) toxicity against saccharomyces cerevisiae and cryptococcus neoformans cells. at higher concentrations, 0.06 to 2.5%, ls inhibited amb effects on these two fungi. we analyzed changes in the absorption spectrum of amb induced by ls at these two concentration ranges by comparing ratios (r values) of amb absorbance at 409 nm, the wavelength characteristic of non-a ... | 1989 | 2679886 |
| strain variation in antiphagocytic activity of capsular polysaccharides from cryptococcus neoformans serotype a. | strains of cryptococcus neoformans vary in resistance to phagocytosis in vitro. the binding of isolated capsular polysaccharide (cps) to a capsule-free mutant of c. neoformans confers resistance to phagocytosis. the importance of capsule composition to differences among strains in susceptibility to phagocytosis was evaluated. cpss from five strains of c. neoformans serotype a, designated 6, 15, 98, 110, and 145, which had previously been isolated and characterized as to molecular size, compositi ... | 1989 | 2680980 |
| characterization of cryptococcus neoformans capsular glucuronoxylomannan polysaccharide with monoclonal antibodies. | mice were immunized with cryptococcus neoformans serotype a capsular glucuronoxylomannan (gxm) conjugated to bovine serum albumin-adipic dihydrazide. two splenocyte fusions yielded two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that were highly reactive in dot enzyme immunoassay, immunofluorescence, and sandwich enzyme immunoassay. the first mab, bd-1 [immunoglobulin g1 (kappa) [igg1(kappa)]], was gxm-a and gxm-d specific, whereas the second mab, ba-4 (igm), reacted with gxm-a and gxm-b. a third mab, cd-6 [ig ... | 1989 | 2680986 |
| in-vitro activity of cilofungin (ly121019) in comparison with amphotericin b. | the in-vitro activity of cilofungin, a derivative of echinocandin b, was compared with that of amphotericin b in sabouraud dextrose and antibiotic medium no. 3 against 100 clinical isolates of yeasts. cilofungin appeared to be as effective, as amphotericin b against candida albicans and yet more effective against can. tropicalis as far as growth inhibition was concerned. cilofungin was less active than amphotericin b against can. (torulopsis) glabrata and other species of candida. it was not act ... | 1989 | 2681118 |
| effects of ascorbic acid on the antifungal action of amphotericin b. | ascorbic acid enhanced the lethal but not the permeabilizing effects of amphotericin b on candida albicans and cryptococcus neoformans cells. two other ene-diol acids, d-erythorbate and dihydroxyfumarate, also enhanced the lethal action of amphotericin b on can. albicans. maleic acid and gulanolactone, compounds structurally related to ascorbic acid but not containing the ene-diol group, had no such effect. it is assumed that ascorbic acid and the two other ene-diol acids acting as pro-oxidants ... | 1989 | 2681119 |
| phagocytosis and killing of cryptococcus neoformans by rat alveolar macrophages in the absence of serum. | the in vitro interaction between yeast cells of cryptococcus neoformans and lewis rat alveolar macrophages (am phi) was studied in the absence of serum. am phi were harvested by lung lavage, and monolayers of adherent cells were established in wells of microtiter plates. radiolabeled yeast cells were added to fresh am phi monolayers, the plates were incubated at 37 degrees c under 5% co2, nonadherent yeasts were removed, and phagocytosis (i.e., attachment or ingestion) was determined by measurin ... | 1989 | 2681492 |
| virulence and antifungal susceptibility of environmental and clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from puerto rico. | studies on the distribution, epidemiology and pathogenesis of cryptococcus neoformans on the island of puerto rico are few. we have studied mouse virulence and in vitro antifungal susceptibility of 133 isolates of c. neoformans: 121 environmental and 12 clinical (9 from aids patients), that were isolated in puerto rico. in experimental cd-1 mice infected intravenously, the mean lethal dose 50% values (28 days) were greater than 5.2 x 10(6) and 1.1 x 10(5) cells/mouse for environmental and clinic ... | 1989 | 2682249 |
| isolation of saprophytic cryptococcus neoformans from puerto rico: distribution and variety. | until the present decade, no studies had been conducted in puerto rico on the saprophytic distribution and variety of cryptococcus neoformans. samples (522) of pigeon droppings from 14 western towns were tested for the presence of c. neoformans. the yeast was recovered from 24.7% (129 isolates) of the samples, representing 10 of the 14 towns studied. all environmental isolates were identified as c. neoformans var. neoformans using canavanine-glycine-bromthymol blue (cgb) agar. the yeast was isol ... | 1989 | 2682250 |
| isolation of human fungi from soil and identification of two endemic areas of cryptococcus neoformans and coccidioides immitis. | the present study was carried out in two different areas of province of cordoba, argentina, where there was a suspicious of endemic mycosis. the previous data were the presence of a clinical case of pulmonary cryptococcosis in one area (alta gracia) and the previous findings of a high incidence of coccidioidin and cryptococcin reactors in the population of the second one (villa dolores). in both areas soil samples for fungi were studied and cryptococcus neoformans was found in 2/25 samples from ... | 1989 | 2682978 |
| l-681,572--a new antifungal agent. isolation, characterization, and biological activity. | | 1989 | 2684948 |
| artifactual elevation of the serum creatinine in patients receiving flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis. | | 1989 | 2685129 |
| aspergillus findings in aids patients suffering from cryptococcosis. | because of the known pathogenicity of cryptococcus neoformans and of aspergilli depending on defined but different immunodeficiencies of the host, the evaluation of their simultaneous cultural detection in specimens of the respiratory tract of aids patients is of epidemiological, diagnostic, pathogenetic and therapeutic interest. in 10 out of 15 aids patients the following species of the genus aspergillus could be isolated either once or repeatedly during the course of cr. neoformans infections ... | 1989 | 2685598 |
| cryptococcal meningitis. false-negative antigen test results and cultures in nonimmunosuppressed patients. | all cases of cryptococcal meningitis at yale-new haven (conn) hospital seen during a 4 1/2-year period were reviewed to calculate the rate of false-negative antigen test results and cultures preceding diagnosis. of 13 patients, 9 were immunosuppressed and were diagnosed following the initial lumbar puncture, with both antigen test results and cultures positive in all cases. among 4 nonimmunosuppressed patients, the rate of false-negative antigen test results was 77%, and of cultures, 89%. the di ... | 1989 | 2686594 |
| localization of mannoprotein in cryptococcus neoformans. | cell wall mannoprotein of nonpathogenic yeasts is surface exposed, since the cells are agglutinated by concanavalin a and antimannoprotein antibodies. however, nonencapsulated cells of cryptococcus neoformans were agglutinated neither by concanavalin a nor by antimannoprotein antibodies. immunogold electron microscopy located most mannoprotein in the inner cell wall. chemical analysis of purified cell walls showed the lack of mannose, xylose, and galactose residues. these data indicate that cryp ... | 1989 | 2687257 |
| cryptococcal pyarthrosis complicating gouty arthritis. | cryptococcal arthritis remains a rare entity. crystalline arthropathy has been described in association with bacterial infection, but no similar association has been described for crystalline joint disease and fungal infection. we have described a renal transplant patient with concurrent gout and cryptococcal arthritis that responded favorably to treatment. joints with crystalline arthropathy should be cultured for both bacteria and fungi. | 1989 | 2688133 |
| profound muscle weakness as the presenting feature of disseminated cryptococcal infection. | a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who was treated with immunosuppressive therapy for a prolonged period presented with profound muscle weakness secondary to disseminated cryptococcosis. the infection developed despite 3 months of continuous ketoconazole therapy and was not responsive to amphotericin b or flucytosine. at autopsy, cryptococcus neoformans was present in all sampled skeletal muscles, myocardium, and muscularis propria of the gastrointestinal tract but was not identified in ... | 1989 | 2690291 |
| staib agar supplemented with a triple antibiotic combination for the detection of cryptococcus neoformans in clinical specimens. | it was demonstrated that the in vitro growth of a mucoid escherichia coli strain from the urine of an aids patient could disturb the concurrent growth of cryptococcus neoformans and the development of its brown colour effect (bce) on staib agar (syn. guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar, bird seed agar, niger seed agar etc.) supplemented with penicillin + streptomycin. owing to the supplementation with the triple antibiotic combination of penicillin + streptomycin + gentamicin and the resulting i ... | 1989 | 2691887 |
| [a case of sepsis and meningitis due to capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans with siadh]. | capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans (cn-cd) infection is very rare. the authors recently experienced the case of cn-cd infection with the complication of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh) in a 83 year old woman. she was admitted to our hospital with the complaints of fever and general fatigue on june 10, 1987. at the time of admission, there were no abnormal findings except a mildly lowered consciousness level on physical examination, there were no abnorm ... | 1989 | 2693539 |
| clinical and environmental isolates of cryptococcus neoformans in bangkok (thailand). | cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from 13 patients (7 females and 6 males) suffering from systemic cryptococcosis. eight patients were suffering from central nervous system cryptococcosis and 5 were suffering from disseminated cryptococcosis. systemic lupus erythematosus was found to be the common underlying disease in 3 patients. the results of treatment depended on the underlying diseases (7 improved, 6 died). also, 13 isolates of c. neoformans were obtained from feces of 30 pet birds. all ... | 1989 | 2693967 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii vanbreuseghem and takashio, 1970. | | 1989 | 2695844 |
| [a case of multiple cavities on chest film with high titer of serum cryptococcal antigen]. | a 26-year-old man admitted to nishinomiya municipal hospital for further evaluation for abnormal shadows on the chest film in a mass examination. he had no subjective complaints; for example, cough, sputum or dyspnea. his past history and physical examinations yielded no significant findings. the chest film revealed the multiple cavities accompanied with a little infiltration throughout several lobes bilaterally. the inflammatory reactions; such as, crp and esr, were all intact, but the titer of ... | 1989 | 2696803 |
| [distribution of cryptococcus neoformans in pigeon feces]. | c neoformans has been investigated in fecal droppings obtained from pigeon coops that placed in several suburbs of bursa city. in sixteen of the 115 samples (13.9%), c neoformans strains has been isolated and studied their morphological and biochemical properties. but no isolation has been obtained from 8 soil samples and 14 samples of chicken dung. | 1989 | 2696866 |
| 5-fluorocytosine resistance in clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans. | thirty six clinical isolates of cryptococcus neoformans were tested for their susceptibility to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin b by the determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum fungicidal concentrations. 22.2% of the isolates were resistant to 5-fluorocytosine and 36.1% indicated 5-fluorocytosine tolerance. all strains were sensitive to amphotericin b. | 1989 | 2696871 |
| [serotyping of 27 cryptococcus neoformans strains isolated in venezuela]. | twenty seven autochtonous isolates of cryptococcus neoformans from different parts of the country were studied. the analysis indicated the following serotype distribution: 63% serotype a, 29.6% serotype b, 3.7% serotype d and 3.7% belonging to c. neoformans var gattii. | 1989 | 2701256 |
| nervous system manifestations and neuroradiologic findings in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). | we report a series of thirteen patients with nervous system complications out of a total of thirty aids patients admitted to our hospital over the last two years for which ct and/or mri have been performed. five were homosexual men and eight patients (5 men, 3 women) were of african origin (zaïre and rwanda) (n = 5) or had had sexual intercourse with the local african population (n = 3). the nervous system complications encountered included: toxoplasma gondii brain abscess (2 patients); cryptoco ... | 1989 | 2717002 |
| serious infectious complications of corticosteroid therapy for copd. | we report seven elderly patients with copd who developed serious infectious complications during prolonged treatment with high doses of corticosteroids. infections included invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, herpes simplex stomatitis and esophagitis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, fungemia and meningitis due to cryptococcus neoformans. each of the three patients who developed invasive aspergillus pneumonia died. the efficacy of prolonged therapy with high doses of corticosteroids in ... | 1989 | 2721249 |
| screening of isoquinoline alkaloids and their derivatives for antibacterial and antifungal activities. | a screening test of antimicrobial activities for some of the isoquinoline alkaloids and their first and second hofmann elimination products was conducted in this study. results showed that (+)-actinodaphnine (1), (+)-n-me-actinodaphnine (2), (+)-anonaine (17), (-)-xylopine (19) and (-)-n-me-xylopine mei (20), had the strongest inhibitory activities against three g(+) bacteria (bacillus cereus, micrococcus sp. and staphylococcus aureus) mic greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml). whereas anhy ... | 1989 | 2733073 |
| cryptococcosis of the placenta in a woman with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | multiple microscopic colonies of encapsulated budding yeasts morphologically consistent with cryptococcus sp were found in the maternal (intervillous) space of the placenta from a woman with aids. the patient contracted acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from her affected husband, who had died of the disease 3 years previously. the woman, who was in her sixth pregnancy at term, became symptomatic 1 month before delivery with malaise, oral thrush, and cervical lymphadenopathy. tests for human imm ... | 1989 | 2777245 |
| [pulmonary manifestations in patients with aids]. | in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) the pulmonary opportunistic infections are due to the depression of cellular immunity and they are found in more than 50% of patients. most frequently the infection is due to pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, cryptococcus neoformans and mycobacterium avium-intracellulare. non-opportunistic infections in aids are mostly due to the mycobacterium tuberculosis and legionella pneumophila. in kaposi sarcoma in aids the lungs may be involved into pulmon ... | 1989 | 2798562 |
| granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia associated with combination therapy of amphotericin b and low-dose flucytosine in a patient with cryptococcal meningitis. | a patient was admitted complaining of fever and headache. he was suspected of meningitis due to nuchal rigidity, and a lumbar puncture was performed. the patient was diagnosed as having cryptococcal meningitis, as cryptococcus neoformans was found in an india ink preparation of the cerebrospinal fluid. both amphotericin b and low-dose flucytosine (50 mg/kg/d) were concomitantly administered to the patient and his clinical symptoms improved. however, the combination therapy induced granulocytopen ... | 1989 | 2800581 |
| evaluation of cilofungin, a lipopeptide antifungal agent, in vitro against fungi isolated from clinical specimens. | cilofungin (ly121019) is a new lipopeptide antifungal drug. we tested this drug against 141 pathogenic fungal isolates. all fungal species were tested by broth dilution at 35 degrees c. malassezia furfur was tested by agar dilution. the results demonstrate the specificity of cilofungin activity. candida albicans, candida tropicalis, and malassezia pachydermatis were highly susceptible, whereas candida parapsilosis, candida pseudotropicalis, candida krusei, torulopsis glabrata, blastomyces dermat ... | 1989 | 2802565 |
| [current role of deep mycoses in infectious pathology]. | deep mycoses present new aspects characterized by deep, visceral mycotic localisations and septicemia, particularly in immunocompromised conditions. in immunodepressed patients (leukaemia, transplantation), the granulopenia descending to 500 elements/ml leads not only to invasive aspergillosis and candidosis but also to infections due to opportunistic fungi exceptionally or never seen formerly. aids favours opportunistic fungi related to defective cellular immunity as cryptococcus neoformans, re ... | 1989 | 2814246 |
| [cryptococcosis]. | cryptococcus neoformans is a ubiquitous encapsulated yeast present in soil. the usual contamination is by the respiratory route with ensuing dissemination in predisposed patients. acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the leading predisposing factor and illustrates the role of cellular immunity. corticosteroid therapy and diseases of the reticulo-endothelial system can also encourage the disease. the most common visceral localization is the central nervous system, with meningo-encephalitis. in a ... | 1989 | 2814247 |
| mechanisms of erythroid suppression in the anemia of chronic disease. | the mechanism underlying the hypoproliferative anemia in patients with chronic diseases has not been clearly defined. we have examined the effects of marrow macrophages from anemic patients with chronic diseases and normals to determine if they suppress erythroid progenitors in vitro. we found that marrow macrophages from patients with the anemia of chronic disease (acd) significantly suppressed erythroid progenitor cell growth, whereas marrow macrophages from normals did not. since acd is seen ... | 1987 | 2822178 |
| [eye involvement in aids]. | between 1984 and 1987 (over two-and-a-half years) 30 hospitalized patients with hiv infections of different degrees of severity were ophthalmologically examined. ocular involvement was found in 17 patients (approx. 57%). in 16 of these 17 patients with pathologic ophthalmologic findings (approx. 94%), aids was already fully developed. ocular involvement is therefore a sign of poor prognosis. fourteen patients had a microvascular retinal syndrome and four patients had infectious (chorio-)retiniti ... | 1987 | 2822996 |
| pneumonia in the immunocompromised child. | certain types and causes of pneumonia are unique to the immunocompromised host. the most frequent causes are cytomegalovirus, pneumocystis carinii, varicella zoster virus, candida species and aspergillus species. lymphoid interstitial pneumonia has recently been recognized in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. with the exception of varicella-zoster pneumonitis, an invasive procedure, such as open lung biopsy, is required to establish a definitive diagnosis. infrequent causes o ... | 1987 | 2825316 |
| the pathology of aids. | the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is a devastating new disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). this retrovirus causes profound immunoincompetence in its infected hosts, who are thereafter susceptible to develop myriad severe and relapsing protozoal, fungal, bacterial, viral, and arthropodal opportunistic infections, as well as unusual malignancies. the more than 50,000 patients who have developed aids in the united states have produced a sudden unexpected deluge of ... | 1988 | 2836878 |
| oral fluconazole therapy for patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and cryptococcosis: experience with 22 patients. | cryptococcus neoformans causes infections in up to 10 percent of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). nearly 50 percent of aids patients with previously treated cryptococcal meningitis will experience a relapse within six months. to reduce the likelihood of relapse, a maintenance regimen of amphotericin b is often administered weekly. however, the drug's intravenous route of administration and considerable toxicity have led to a search for alternative antifungal agents. i ... | 1988 | 2845778 |
| oral fluconazole as suppressive therapy of disseminated cryptococcosis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | because of the increasing numbers of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) who will require treatment for cryptococcosis and because of the problems associated with long-term administration of intravenous amphotericin b, an alternative therapeutic approach in the form of an efficacious and easily administered oral antifungal drug would be of great benefit. fluconazole, a new triazole antifungal agent, represents such an alternative. we therefore conducted an open, non-randomize ... | 1988 | 2845779 |
| pathology of the pituitary gland in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). | the pituitary gland was examined at autopsy in 88 patients who died with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc). pathologic findings included focal to widespread necrosis and/or fibrosis of the anterior pituitary gland in 10 cases, evidence of cytomegalovirus infection without an apparent inflammatory component in the anterior pituitary in 3 cases, and microglial nodules in the pars nervosa in 5 cases. in one instance, a multinucleated giant cell identical to th ... | 1988 | 2849746 |
| capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans in aids patients. | | 1985 | 2857453 |
| capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans in aids patients. | | 1985 | 2857979 |
| capsule-deficient cryptococcus neoformans in aids patients. | | 1985 | 2859451 |
| cryptococcus neoformans var gattii in europe. | | 1985 | 2861448 |
| cryptococcal latex antigen test positive in patient with trichosporon beigelii infection. | | 1985 | 2861489 |
| overwhelming myocarditis due to cryptococcus neoformans in an aids patient. | | 1987 | 2890037 |
| cryptococcosis in aids patients: observations concerning cns involvement. | the clinical course and response to therapy of seven patients with cryptococcosis and aids were reviewed. one patient was still in the primary stage of cryptococcosis in aids, i.e. the stage that is characterized by the sole cultural detection of cryptococcus neoformans in the respiratory tract. the other six patients were in the secondary stage, where c. neoformans can be detected from the cerebrospinal fluid (csf), blood, urine, faeces and other body sites. the main presenting features (headac ... | 1989 | 2915224 |
| immunoadsorption of cryptococcus-specific suppressor t-cell factors. | in the murine cryptococcal suppressor cell circuit, two different t-cell suppressor factors, tsf1 and tsf2, have been identified which specifically suppress the delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response to cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef). tsf1 is produced by a first-order t suppressor (ts1) cell population and suppresses the afferent limb of the dth response, whereas tsf2 is produced by a second-order t suppressor (ts2) cell population and suppresses the efferent limb of the cryp ... | 1986 | 2936685 |
| induction of a macrophage-suppressive lymphokine by soluble cryptococcal antigens and its association with models of immunologic tolerance. | soluble extracts of cryptococcus neoformans were examined for their ability to induce a macrophage-regulatory t-suppressor cell known to appear in the spleens of mice infected with cryptococci. suppressor cells were induced by injection of extracts of encapsulated or thinly encapsulated strains of cryptococci. dose-response analysis showed that as little as 25 micrograms of soluble capsular polysaccharide antigen could induce significant suppressor cell activity, with maximum suppression occurri ... | 1987 | 2947863 |
| characterization of a third-order suppressor t cell (ts3) induced by cryptococcal antigen(s). | previous studies from our laboratory have shown that a high dose of cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef) administered intravenously induces a complex suppressor cell cascade which down-regulates the cell-mediated immune response to cryptococcus neoformans antigens. the primary objective of this investigation was to determine whether a suppressor cell induced by immunization is required for efferent suppression of the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response. our approach ... | 1987 | 2954914 |
| immunosuppression in experimental cryptococcosis in rats. induction of afferent t suppressor cells to a non-related antigen. | to demonstrate the nature of the suppressor cells elicited in rats infected with cryptococcus neoformans and immunized with human serum albumin (hsa), spleen mononuclear (spm) cells were fractionated through a nylon wool column. the adherent and non-adherent populations were collected and transferred to syngeneic rats. in all cases, the non-adherent or t-enriched cells adoptively transferred suppression to hsa, however, the suppressive effects of the non-adherent cells were never as great as tho ... | 1987 | 2955089 |
| activated neutrophils exhibit enhanced phagocytosis of cryptococcus neoformans opsonized with normal human serum. | we studied the effect of agents that activate neutrophils on phagocytosis of c. neoformans. the amount of cr3 on the surface of neutrophils was used as a marker for neutrophil activation. surface cr3 was estimated by flow cytometry using phycoerythrin-labelled anti-cr3 (anti-leu-15) monoclonal antibody. phagocytosis was determined by incubation of neutrophils with cryptococci that had been preincubated with normal human serum. we found that treatment of neutrophils with (i) the chemotactic pepti ... | 1987 | 2961491 |
| cryptococcosis of the nasopharynx in mice and rats. | an attempt to infect the upper respiratory tract of mice and rats with various bacteria and fungi by intranasally instillation was performed. cryptococcus neoformans was the only agent to invade the tissue. the infection was limited to the nasopharynx, a phenomenon which probably indicates the presence of a specific chemotaxis or receptor. | 1988 | 2963961 |
| characterization of efferent t suppressor cells induced by paracoccidioides brasiliensis-specific afferent t suppressor cells. | previously, we reported that paracoccidioides brasiliensis culture filtrate antigen (pb.ag) when injected i.v. into mice induces antigen-specific suppressor cells which down-regulate the anti-p. brasiliensis delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response. the suppressor cells are present in both spleens and lymph nodes of pb.ag-treated animals and suppress the afferent limb but not the efferent limb of the dth response to p. brasiliensis. the suppressor cells induced by pb.ag are l3t4+ lyt-1+2- i- ... | 1988 | 2964412 |
| characterization of an in vitro-stimulated, cryptococcus neoformans-specific second-order suppressor t cell and its precursor. | using a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef) in a murine model, we have demonstrated previously that a cascade of cryptococcus neoformans-specific suppressor t cells and soluble factors function in suppressing the cryptococcal delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) response. in addition, we have successfully hybridized the c. neoformans-specific, first-order t-suppressor (ts1) cell and have established that the culture supernatant (htsf1) from this hybridoma induces second-order t-suppresso ... | 1988 | 2965681 |
| influence of cryptococcal antigens on cell-mediated immunity. | cryptococcosis is a frequently fatal disease caused by a yeast-like organism, cryptococcus neoformans. patients with systemic cyptococcosis generally have cryptococcal antigen in their body fluids; levels of antigen directly correlate with severity of the disease. with use of a murine model, it was documented that cell-mediated immunity is an important protective mechanism and that an epitope(s) on the mannoprotein fraction of the cryptococcal antigen present in a culture filtrate is recognized ... | 1988 | 2973118 |
| neurological manifestations of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids): experience at ucsf and review of the literature. | in this review of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), the authors have evaluated a total of 352 homosexual patients with aids or generalized lymphadenopathy managed at the university of california, san francisco (ucsf), between 1979 and 1984. of an initial unselected group of 318 patients, 124 (39%) were neurologically symptomatic, and one-third already had their neurological complaints at the time of presentation. an additional 210 aids patients with neurological symptoms have been r ... | 1985 | 2983051 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | the efficacy of bronchoalveolar lavage and transbronchial biopsy in diagnosing lung infection was determined in 276 fiberoptic bronchoscopic examinations done on 171 patients with known or suspected acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. of 173 pathogens (pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus, mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, cryptococcus neoformans, m. tuberculosis, coccidioides immitis, and histoplasma capsulatum) identified during the initial evaluation or in the subsequent month, the initial ... | 1985 | 2986505 |
| clinical spectrum of infections in patients with htlv-iii-associated diseases. | infectious complications are the cause of death in the overwhelming majority of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). these infectious complications are outstanding in severity and number. infecting organisms are mainly those which take advantage of defective t-cell function. many cause latent infections which can reactivate and cause disease in aids patients because of immunosuppression. serological diagnosis of infections in aids patients is complicated because of the de ... | 1985 | 2990702 |