| characterization of cadmium uptake, translocation and storage in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration. | here we examined several physiological properties of two near-isogenic lines of durum wheat (triticum turgidum var. durum) that differ in grain cadmium accumulation, to identify the function of a gene locus that confers differential grain cd concentrations. time- and concentration-dependent uptake and translocation studies using 109cd were conducted on nutrient solution-grown seedlings. root extracts were analysed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry, gel filtration and capillary ... | 2006 | 16995914 |
| genetic mapping of the gene affecting polyphenol oxidase activity in tetraploid durum wheat. | the quality of durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum) is influenced by polyphenol oxidase(ppo) activity and its corresponding substrates. a saturated molecular-marker linkage map was constructed previously by using a set of recombinant inbred (ri) lines, derived from a cross between durum wheat cultivars jennah khetifa and cham 1. quantitative trait loci (qtl) for ppo activity in seeds were mapped in this population. ppo activity in seeds of the parents and 110 ri lines was measured spectrop ... | 2006 | 16967558 |
| the inhibitory effects of coumarin on the germination of durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum, cv. simeto) seeds. | the event chain leading to germination blockage in durum wheat (triticum turgidum ssp. durum desf.) seeds exposed to the allelochemical coumarin (2h-chromen-2-one) was studied. the physiological and biochemical aspects thought to be critical for a successful seed germination were measured. at concentrations above 200 microm: , coumarin inhibited seed germination in a concentration-dependent manner. inhibition occurred early during seed imbibition (phase i), was rapid, and irreversible. during ph ... | 2006 | 16598652 |
| detection of qtls for grain protein content in durum wheat. | grain protein content (gpc) of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) is an important trait for the nutritional value of grain and for influencing the technological property of flour. protein content is a quantitative trait negatively correlated with grain yield, thus increase in protein quantity usually results in yield reduction. this study was initiated to introgress alleles for high gpc from var. dicoccoides into durum wheat germplasm by the backcross inbred line (bil) method and to i ... | 2006 | 16453131 |
| a cytomolecular approach to assess the potential of gene transfer from a crop (triticum turgidum l.) to a wild relative (aegilops geniculata roth.). | when a crop hybridizes with a wild relative, the potential for stable transmission to the wild of any crop gene is directly related to the frequency of crop-wild homoeologous pairing for the chromosomal region where it is located within the crop genome. pairing pattern at metaphase i (mi) has been examined in durum wheat x aegilops geniculata interspecific hybrids (2n=4x=abugmg) by means of a genomic in-situ hybridization procedure that resulted in simultaneous discrimination of a, b and wild ge ... | 2006 | 16333611 |
| production of doubled haploids in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) through isolated microspore culture. | the objective of this work was to produce doubled haploid plants from durum wheat through the induction of androgenesis. a microspore culture technique was developed and used to produce fertile doubled haploid plants of agronomic interest. five cultivars, one selected line, plus a collection of 20 f(1) crosses between different genotypes of high breeding value were used. studies on several factors such as pre-treatments and media components were carried out in order to develop a protocol to rege ... | 2006 | 16220343 |
| [chlorophyllian durum wheat plants obtained by isolated microspores culture: importance of the pre-treatments]. | in triticum turgidum subsp. durum (desf.) husn., the utilization of in vitro anther culture is hampered by the very high frequency of albinism of the regenerated plants reaching in most cases 100%. only in vitro ovary culture or intergeneric crosses with maize produce gynogenetic green haploid and doubled haploid plants. this paper is concerned with another very interesting method of androgenetic doubled haploid plant production, the in vitro isolated microspore culture. it is shown that this me ... | 2005 | 16125649 |
| olive pomace amendment in mediterranean conditions: effect on soil and humic acid properties and wheat (triticum turgidum l.) yield. | the effects of the addition of either crude or exhausted olive pomace at two rates (10 and 20 t ha(-)(1)) on soil and soil humic acid (ha) properties and durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) yield were investigated in open-field mediterranean conditions. soil amendment with olive pomaces produced a significant increase of total organic, total extractable, humified and nonhumified c forms, and available k contents. with respect to control soil ha, humic-like acids isolated from crude and exhausted ... | 2005 | 16104792 |
| zinc effects on cadmium accumulation and partitioning in near-isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium concentration. | here, we examined the effectiveness of two approaches for reducing cadmium (cd) accumulation in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) grain: the application of supplemental zinc (zn), and the use of cultivars exhibiting reduced grain cd concentrations. two durum wheat near-isogenic lines (nil) that differ in grain cd accumulation were grown to maturity in solution culture containing a chelating agent to buffer the free activities of zn and cd at levels approximating those of field conditi ... | 2005 | 15998393 |
| genetic analysis of the species cytoplasm specific gene (scs d) derived from durum wheat. | the action of species cytoplasm specific (scs) gene(s) can be observed when a durum (triticum turgidum l.) nucleus is placed in the aegilops longissimum s. & m. cytoplasm. this alloplasmic combination, (lo) durum, results in nonviable progeny. a scs gene derived from t. timopheevii zhuk. (scs(ti)) produced compatibility with the (lo) cytoplasm. the resulting hemizygous (lo) scs(ti)- durum line was male sterile and when crossed to normal durum produced a 1:1 ratio of plump, viable (pv) seeds with ... | 2006 | 15843637 |
| chromosome sorting in tetraploid wheat and its potential for genome analysis. | this study evaluates the potential of flow cytometry for chromosome sorting in durum wheat (triticum turgidum desf. var. durum, 2n = 4x = 28). histograms of fluorescence intensity (flow karyotypes) obtained after the analysis of dapi-stained chromosomes consisted of three peaks. of these, one represented chromosome 3b, a small peak corresponded to chromosomes 1a and 6a, and a large peak represented the remaining 11 chromosomes. chromosomes sorted onto microscope slides were identified after fluo ... | 2005 | 15802508 |
| control of sodium transport in durum wheat. | in many species, salt sensitivity is associated with the accumulation of sodium (na(+)) in photosynthetic tissues. na(+) uptake to leaves involves a series of transport steps and so far very few candidate genes have been implicated in the control of these processes. in this study, na(+) transport was compared in two varieties of durum wheat (triticum turgidum) l. subsp. durum known to differ in salt tolerance and na(+) accumulation; the relatively salt tolerant landrace line 149 and the salt sen ... | 2005 | 15734907 |
| ear of durum wheat under water stress: water relations and photosynthetic metabolism. | the photosynthetic characteristics of the ear and flag leaf of well-watered (ww) and water-stressed (ws) durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) were studied in plants grown under greenhouse and mediterranean field conditions. gas exchange measurements simultaneously with modulated chlorophyll fluorescence were used to study the response of the ear and flag leaf to co2 and o2 during photosynthesis. c4 metabolism was identified by assessing the sensitivity of photosynthetic rate and electro ... | 2005 | 15645303 |
| estimation of long-term effective population sizes through the history of durum wheat using microsatellite data. | estimation of long-term effective population size (n(e)) from polymorphism data alone requires an independent knowledge of mutation rate. microsatellites provide the opportunity to estimate n(e) because their high mutation rate can be estimated from observed mutations. we used this property to estimate n(e) in allotetraploid wheat triticum turgidum at four stages of its history since its domestication. we estimated the mutation rate of 30 microsatellite loci. allele-specific mutation rates mu we ... | 2005 | 15545658 |
| pcr identification of durum wheat bac clones containing genes coding for carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes and their chromosome localization. | carotenoids are essential components in all plants. their accumulation in wheat seed determines the endosperm colour, which is an important quality trait in wheat. in this study, we report the isolation of bac clones containing genes coding for three different enzymes of the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway: phytoene synthase (psy), phytoene desaturase (pds), and zeta-carotene desaturase (zds). primers were designed on the basis of wheat ests similar to the sequences of these three genes in other ... | 2004 | 15499405 |
| radiation hybrid mapping of the species cytoplasm-specific (scsae) gene in wheat. | radiation hybrid (rh) mapping is based on radiation-induced chromosome breakage and analysis of chromosome segment retention or loss using molecular markers. in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l., aabb), an alloplasmic durum line [(lo) durum] has been identified with chromosome 1d of t. aestivum l. (aabbdd) carrying the species cytoplasm-specific (scsae) gene. the chromosome 1d of this line segregates as a whole without recombination, precluding the use of conventional genome mapping. a radiation ... | 2004 | 15454553 |
| differential accumulation of cd in durum wheat cultivars: uptake and retranslocation as sources of variation. | durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) accumulates cd from the soil depending on various factors. when grown in hydroponic solution containing cd (20 microg l(-1)), roots had higher tissue cd concentrations than shoots or heads. kyle (the higher grain-cd accumulating cultivar) had lower root-cd, and greater shoot-cd and head-cd concentrations than arcola (the lower grain-cd accumulating cultivar). these cultivar differences were greater at flowering and ripening than at tillering. much of ... | 2004 | 15361533 |
| genomic organization of the complex alpha-gliadin gene loci in wheat. | to better understand the molecular evolution of the large alpha-gliadin gene family, a half-million bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library clones from tetraploid durum wheat, triticum turgidum ssp. durum (2n = 4x = 28, genome ab), were screened for large genomic segments carrying the alpha-gliadin genes of the gli-2 loci on the group 6 homoeologous chromosomes. the resulting 220 positive bac clones--each containing between one and four copies of alpha-gliadin sequences--were fingerprinted ... | 2004 | 15103408 |
| cadmium uptake and translocation in seedlings of near isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium accumulation. | cadmium (cd) concentrations in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var durum) grain grown in north american prairie soils often exceed proposed international trade standards. to understand the physiological processes responsible for elevated cd accumulation in shoots and grain, cd uptake and translocation were studied in seedlings of a pair of near-isogenic durum wheat lines, high and low for cd accumulation in grain. | 2004 | 15084224 |
| differences among auxin treatments on haploid production in durum wheat x maize crosses. | three doubled haploid lines of durum wheat [triticum turgidum ssp. durum (desf.) husn.] were crossed with maize (zea mays l.), and five hormone treatments were applied to test their effect on the production of caryopses, embryos and haploid plants. the auxin treatments consisted of 100 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), 5 mg/l or 50 mg/l dicamba and two combination mixtures of 95/5 mg/l and 50/50 mg/l 2,4-d plus dicamba, respectively. hormones were added to the culture medium of the de ... | 2004 | 15048585 |
| microsatellite analysis reveals a progressive widening of the genetic basis in the elite durum wheat germplasm. | it has been argued that the level of genetic diversity in the modern durum wheat ( triticum turgidum l. var. durum) elite germplasm may have declined due to the high selection pressure applied in breeding programs. in this study, 58 accessions covering a wide spectrum of genetic diversity of the cultivated durum wheat gene pool were characterized with 70 microsatellite loci (or simple sequence repeats, ssrs). on average, ssrs detected 5.6 different allelic variants per locus, with a mean diversi ... | 2003 | 12845433 |
| construction and characterization of a half million clone bac library of durum wheat ( triticum turgidum ssp. durum). | durum wheat ( triticum turgidum ssp. durum, 2 n = 4 x = 28, genomes ab) is an economically important cereal used as the raw material to make pasta and semolina. in this paper we present the construction and characterization of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) library of tetraploid durum wheat cv. langdon. this variety was selected because of the availability of substitution lines that facilitate the assignment of bacs to the a and b genome. the selected langdon line has a 30-cm segment of ... | 2003 | 12830387 |
| accumulation of cadmium by durum wheat roots: bases for citrate-mediated exceptions to the free ion model. | the accumulation of cd in durum wheat (triticum turgidum) roots from hydroponic solutions, with the proportion of total cd (8.9-445 nm cd) as cd2+ varied by the addition of citrate, was determined to test the free-ion model (fim) of metal bioavailability for higher plants. calcium, mg, and k were also varied. citrate enhanced root-cd accumulation at higher cd2+ concentrations but not lower relative to the same cd2+ concentrations in solutions containing 0 mm citrate. elevating ca2+ and mg2+ conc ... | 2003 | 12729228 |
| aflp and pedigree-based genetic diversity estimates in modern cultivars of durum wheat [ triticum turgidum l. subsp. durum (desf.) husn.]. | a substantial amount of between and within cultivar genetic variation was detected in all the 13 registered modern canadian durum wheat ( triticum turgidum l. ssp. durum (desf.) husn.) cultivars based upon amplified restriction fragment polymorphism (aflp). of the approximately 950 detected aflp markers, only 89 were polymorphic, with 41 between cultivars whereas the remaining 48 showed polymorphism within at least one cultivar. the ancestry of canadian durum wheat cultivars was traced back to 1 ... | 2002 | 12582707 |
| identification of a microsatellite on chromosome 7b showing a strong linkage with yellow pigment in durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum). | the objective of this study is to identify qtls linked to yellow pigment content in durum wheat. a durum-dicoccoides genetic linkage map was constructed using 124 microsatellites, 149 amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflps), and six seed storage proteins (ssp) in a population of 114 recombinant inbred lines (f8). the population has been obtained from a cross between a durum cultivar omrabi5 and triticum dicoccoides600545 and backcrossed to omrabi5. the map consists of 14-durum chromosomes ... | 2001 | 12152344 |
| direct estimation of mutation rate for 10 microsatellite loci in durum wheat, triticum turgidum (l.) thell. ssp durum desf. | | 2002 | 11752198 |
| evaluation of chemical and technological characteristics of new lines of triticum turgidum ssp dicoccum. | triticum durum ssp dicoccum also called farro in italy is gaining more and more interest from farmer due to its commercial potentiality. in this paper, thirty lines f6 of farro obtained by crossing the cvs. triticum turgidum ssp durum ofanto and simeto and t. turgidum ssp dicoccum molise population were studied. they were evaluated with special reference to chemical composition and technological characteristics in order to select genotypes suitable for the production of food commodities. the sto ... | 2001 | 11534466 |
| remobilization of cadmium in maturing shoots of near isogenic lines of durum wheat that differ in grain cadmium accumulation. | cadmium accumulation in grain of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) represents a concern to consumers. in an effort to understand the regulation of cd accumulation in maturing grain, the remobilization of 109cd applied to stem and flag leaves was examined in two near-isogenic lines that differ in grain cd accumulation. absorbed 109cd was primarily retained in the labelling flap (50-54% and 65-80% for stem and flag leaves, respectively). cadmium exported from the stem flap initially (3 ... | 2001 | 11457907 |
| characterization of a mitotic mutant of durum wheat. | an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mitotic mutant of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum; 2n = 4x = 28) was found. we have characterized the mutant to determine the mechanism of abnormal cell division and to test for temperature effects on abnormal cell division. stained root-tip meristems and pollen mother cells were studied with brightfield, phase contrast, and immunofluorescence microscopy. abnormal cells included metaphase cells with a multiple of the normal complement (8x = 56, or 1 ... | 2001 | 11448039 |
| anther culture-derived regenerants of durum wheat and their cytological characterization. | anther culture is being increasingly used in cereal crop improvement both as a source of haploids and for inducing new genetic variation. we studied the androgenetic ability and regenerability of 10 cultivars of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l., 2n = 4x = 28; aabb), using three different growth conditions and four media. from a total of 86,400 anthers cultured, 324 plants were obtained: 248 green and 76 albino. genotype, growth condition, and media significantly affected anther response and cal ... | 2006 | 11336230 |
| production of durum wheat substitution haploids from durum x maize crosses and their cytological characterization. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of individual durum wheat (triticum turgidum l.) chromosomes on crossability with maize (zea mays l.) and to cytologically characterize the haploids recovered. fourteen 'langdon' (ldn) d-genome disomic substitution lines, a ldn ph mutant (ph1b ph1b), and normal 'langdon' were pollinated with maize pollen. after pollination, hormonal treatment was given daily for up to 14 days. haploid embryos were obtained from all lines and were aseptica ... | 2001 | 11269349 |
| engineering of interstitial foreign chromosome segments containing the k(+)/na (+) selectivity gene kna1 by sequential homoeologous recombination in durum wheat. | targeted homoeologous recombination mediated by the absence of the ph1 locus is currently the most efficient technique by which foreign genes can be introgressed into polyploid wheat species. because intra-arm homoeologous double cross-overs are rare, introgressed foreign genes are usually on terminal foreign chromosome segments. since the minimum length of such a segment is determined by the position of a gene in the chromosome, large chromosome segments with undesirable genetic effects are oft ... | 1996 | 24162500 |
| mechanisms and inheritance of first division restitution in hybrids of wheat, rye, and aegilops squarrosa. | first division restitution (fdr) in intergeneric triticeae hybrids provides an important meiotic mechanism for the production of amphidiploids without the use of colchicine and similar chemicals. the genetic controls of fdr were investigated by examining microsporogenesis and fertility in f1 hybrids of two- and three-way crosses of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) cultivars langdon (ldn) and golden ball (gb), 'gazelle' rye (secale cereale l.), and one accession (rl5286) of aegilops ... | 1995 | 18470193 |
| identification of rapd markers linked to a gene governing cadmium uptake in durum wheat. | temperature sweep gel electrophoresis in combination with random amplified polymorphic dna analysis was employed to detect two markers for a single gene governing low cadmium uptake in western canadian durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum). analysis of progeny derived from a cross of the high cadmium accumulating cultivar kyle by the low cadmium accumulating cultivar nile resulted in linkage estimates of 4.6 (opc-20) and 21.2 (ubc-180) cm. the closest marker (opc-20) was shown to be usef ... | 1995 | 18470188 |
| use of ammi and linear regression models to analyze genotype-environment interaction in durum wheat. | the joint durum wheat (triticum turgidum l var 'durum') breeding program of the international maize and wheat improvement center (cimmyt) and the international center for agricultural research in the dry areas (icarda) for the mediterranean region employs extensive multilocation testing. multilocation testing produces significant genotype-environment (ge) interaction that reduces the accuracy for estimating yield and selecting appropriate germ plasm. the sum of squares (ss) of ge interaction was ... | 1992 | 24202676 |
| high molecular weight glutenin subunit in durum wheat (t. durum). | the diversity of high molecular weight (hmw) glutenin subunits of 502 varieties of durum wheat (triticum durum) from 23 countries was studied using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). twenty-nine types of patterns were observed with 18 mobility bands. a total of 18 alleles were identified by comparing the mobilities of their subunits to those previously found in hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum) and in triticum turgidum var. dicoccum. five new alleles were detected ... | 1989 | 24227241 |
| chromosomal location of structural genes controlling isozymes in hordeum chilense : 3. esterases, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and phosphoglucomutase. | polyacrylamide and starch gel electrophoresis of esterase (est), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (got) and phosphoglucomutase (pgm) isozymes in hordeum chilense, triticum turgidum conv. durum, the amphiploid h. chilense x t. turgidum (tritordeum), and the durum wheat/h. chilense monosomic addition lines revealed the chromosomal location of one est locus, two got loci and one pgm locus. loci est-h (ch)1 and got-h (ch)2 were found on chromosome 6h(ch),got-h (ch)3 on chromosome 3h(ch), and pgm- ... | 1987 | 24241192 |
| chromosomal location of genes for gliadin polypeptides in durum wheat triticum turgidum l. | the chromosomal location of genes was determined for 19 of 30 gliadin bands extracted from seeds of a set of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. 'durum') aneuploids and durum cultivars. individual bands were identified by their relative mobility on polyacrylamide gels. the gene(s) for gliadin band 45, which has been associated with strong gluten by several authors, was shown to be controlled by chromosome 1 b. a band with similar mobility (band 46) was controlled by 'chinese spring' chromosom ... | 1983 | 24265076 |
| the inheritance of lipoxidase activity and pigment content in durum wheat. | analysis of a 10-parent diallel of durum wheat (triticum turgidum l. var. durum) grown at two diverse locations revealed that for enzyme lipoxidase activity, wheat and predicted macaroni pigment contents, heterosis was environmentally dependent. both additive and dominance genetic effects were significant for each of these quality traits studied, but in one location, the additive genetic effect was consistently more pronounced than the dominance genetic effect, while the reverse was the case in ... | 1976 | 24414761 |
| zearalenone uptake and biotransformation in micropropagated triticum durum desf. plants: a xenobolomic approach. | a model was set up to elucidate the uptake, translocation and metabolic fate of zearalenone (zen) in durum wheat. after treatment with zen, roots and shoots were profiled with lc-hrms. a comprehensive description of in planta zen biotransformation and a biotechnological evaluation of the model were obtained. up to 200 µg zen were removed by each plantlet after 14 days. most zen and its masked forms were retained in roots, while minimal amounts were detected in leaves. sixty-two chromatographic p ... | 2018 | 29368509 |
| nanocarrier-mediated foliar zinc fertilization influences expression of metal homeostasis related genes in flag leaves and enhances gluten content in durum wheat. | wheat is the staple food for most of the world's population; however, it is a poor source of zinc. foliar fertilization of zinc via zinc loaded chitosan nanocarriers (zn-cnp) post-anthesis has proved to be a promising approach for grain zinc enhancement in durum wheat as evidenced in our earlier study. however, the molecular mechanism of uptake of zinc via zn-cnp remains unclear. | 2018 | 29342185 |
| contrasting root and photosynthesis traits in a large-acreage canadian durum variety and its distant parent of algerian origin for assembling drought/heat tolerance attributes. | in canada, the world's top exporter of high-protein durum, varietal development over its nearly six-decade history has been driven by a quest for yield improvement without compromise on grain protein content and other quality aspects. pelissier, a landrace selection from algeria that was introduced into north america more than a century ago and the variety strongfield that was released in 2004 are notable. pelissier, known to elaborate more roots and considered as drought tolerant, has been cult ... | 2017 | 29312927 |
| micronised bran-enriched fresh egg tagliatelle: significance of gums addition on pasta technological features. | the aim of the work was to produce fibre-enriched fresh pasta based on micronised wheat bran and durum wheat semolina with appropriate techno-functional properties. wheat semolina was replaced with fine particle size (50% below 75 µm) wheat bran - up to 11.54% (w/w). a box-behnken design with randomised response surface methodology was used to determine a suitable combination of carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum and locust bean gum to improve pasta attributes: minimum cooking loss, maximum val ... | 2018 | 29307227 |
| genome-wide association and prediction of grain and semolina quality traits in durum wheat breeding populations. | grain yield and semolina quality traits are essential selection criteria in durum wheat breeding. however, high phenotypic screening costs limit selection to relatively few breeding lines in late generations. this selection paradigm confers relatively low selection efficiency due to the advancement of undesirable lines into expensive yield trials for grain yield and quality trait testing. marker-aided selection can enhance selection efficiency, especially for traits that are difficult or costly ... | 2017 | 29293807 |
| durum wheat diversity for heat stress tolerance during inflorescence emergence is correlated to tdhsp101c expression in early developmental stages. | the predicted world population increase along with climate changes threatens sustainable agricultural supply in the coming decades. it is therefore vital to understand crops diversity associated to abiotic stress response. heat stress is considered one of the major constrains on crops productivity thus it is essential to develop new approaches for a precocious and rigorous evaluation of varietal diversity regarding heat tolerance. plant cell membrane thermostability (cms) is a widely used method ... | 2017 | 29284056 |
| effect of gaseous ozone treatments on don, microbial contaminants and technological parameters of wheat and semolina. | deoxynivalenol (don) is an important mycotoxin produced by several species of fusarium. it occurs often in wheat grain and is frequently associated with significant levels of its modified form don-3-glucoside (don-3-glc). ozone (o3) is a powerful disinfectant and oxidant, classified as gras (generally recognised as safe), that reacts easily with specific compounds including the mycotoxins aflatoxins, ochratoxin a, trichothecenes and zearalenone. it degrades don in aqueous solution and can be eff ... | 2018 | 29279049 |
| hydrothermal grain pre-processing and ultra-fine milling for the production of durum wheat flour fractions with high nutritional value. | this work describes a process for producing durum wheat flour fractions with high potential nutritional value using grain pre-milling hydrothermal treatment and ultra-fine grinding (micronization), coupled with air classification. the difference of bioactive value of the flour fractions in relation to dietary fibre and phenolic compounds was monitored on four durum wheat cultivars by analysing total arabinoxylans, water extractable arabinoxylans and 5- n-alkylresorcinols. the extractability of t ... | 2017 | 29186998 |
| development and characterization of couscous-like product using bulgur flour as by-product. | couscous is produced traditionally by agglomeration of triticum durum semolina with water. the aims of this study were: to produce couscous-like product by substitution of semolina with bulgur by-product (undersize bulgur); to find optimum quantity of bulgur flour and processing conditions. in order to determine the optimum processing parameters and recipes; 0, 25 and 50% of bulgur containing couscous-like samples were prepared. the color, yield, sensory properties, total phenol and flavonoid co ... | 2017 | 29184252 |
| causal agents of fusarium head blight of durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) in central italy and their in vitro biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. | durum wheat samples harvested in central italy (umbria) were analyzed to: evaluate the occurrence of the fungal community in the grains, molecularly identify the fusarium spp. which are part of the fusarium head blight (fhb) complex and characterize the in vitro secondary metabolite profiles of a subset of fusarium strains. the fusarium genus was one of the main components of the durum wheat fungal community. the fhb complex was composed of eight species: fusarium avenaceum (61%), f. graminearum ... | 2018 | 29173624 |
| genetics of na+ exclusion and salinity tolerance in afghani durum wheat landraces. | selecting for low concentration of na+ in the shoot provides one approach for tackling salinity stress that adversely affects crop production. novel alleles for na+ exclusion can be identified and then introduced into elite crop cultivars. | 2017 | 29157217 |
| plant organ cultures as masked mycotoxin biofactories: deciphering the fate of zearalenone in micropropagated durum wheat roots and leaves. | "masked mycotoxins" senso strictu are conjugates of mycotoxins resulting from metabolic pathways activated by the interplay between pathogenic fungi and infected plants. zearalenone, an estrogenic mycotoxin produced by fusarium spp, was the first masked mycotoxin ever described in the literature, but its biotransformation has been studied to a lesser extent if compared to other compounds such as deoxynivalenol. we presented herein the first application of organ and tissue culture techniques to s ... | 2017 | 29145415 |
| a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase like phytase from lactobacillus fermentum nkn51: cloning, characterization and application in mineral release for food technology applications. | a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase like phytase (ptplp), designated as phylf from probiotic bacterium lactobacillus fermentum nkn51 was identified, cloned, expressed and characterized. the recombinant phylf showed specific activity of 174.5 u/mg. phylf exhibited strict specificity towards phytate and optimum temperature at 60 °c, ph 5.0 and ionic strength of 100 mm. km and kcat of phylf for phytate were 0.773 mm and 84.31 s-1, respectively. phylf exhibited high resistance against oxidative ina ... | 2017 | 29145111 |
| evaluation of antioxidative and diabetes-preventive properties of an ancient grain, kamut® khorasan wheat, in healthy volunteers. | recently, there was an increasing interest on the use of ancient grains because of their better health-related composition. the aim of this study was to evaluate in healthy human subjects the antioxidative and diabetes-preventive properties of ancient kamut® khorasan wheat compared to modern wheat. | 2017 | 29143934 |
| structural disorder and induced folding within two cereal, aba stress and ripening (asr) proteins. | abscisic acid (aba), stress and ripening (asr) proteins are plant-specific proteins involved in plant response to multiple abiotic stresses. we previously isolated the asr genes and cdnas from durum wheat (ttasr1) and barley (hvasr1). here, we show that hvasr1 and ttasr1 are consistently predicted to be disordered and further confirm this experimentally. addition of glycerol, which mimics dehydration, triggers a gain of structure in both proteins. limited proteolysis showed that they are highly ... | 2017 | 29138428 |
| b genome specific polymorphism in the tddrf1 gene is in relationship with grain yield. | a and b genome copies of drf1 gene in durum wheat were isolated and sequenced using gene variability. b genome specific polymorphism resulted, in a ril population, in relationship with grain yield mainly in drought condition. drought tolerance is one of the main components of yield potential and stability, and its improvement is a major challenge to breeders. transcription factors are considered among the best candidate genes for developing functional markers, since they are components of the si ... | 2018 | 29075873 |
| td4in2: a drought-responsive durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) gene coding for a resistance like protein with serine/threonine protein kinase, nucleotide binding site and leucine rich domains. | wheat, the main food source for a third of world population, appears strongly under threat because of predicted increasing temperatures coupled to drought. plant complex molecular response to drought stress relies on the gene network controlling cell reactions to abiotic stress. in the natural environment, plants are subjected to the combination of abiotic and biotic stresses. also the response of plants to biotic stress, to cope with pathogens, involves the activation of a molecular network. in ... | 2017 | 29065389 |
| correction: single marker and haplotype-based association analysis of semolina and pasta colour in elite durum wheat breeding lines using a high-density consensus map. | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170941.]. | 2017 | 29065160 |
| milling overrides cultivar, leavening agent and baking mode on chemical and rheological traits and sensory perception of durum wheat breads. | smell and aroma are important determinants of consumer acceptance, so gaining deeper insight into bread smell and aroma perception is a research goal. sixteen combinations of four variables were investigated, to evaluate the contributions of bread chemical and rheological properties and volatile organic compounds (vocs) towards sensory acceptability of breads: genotypes (landrace vs. modern); types of flour (wholemeal vs. semolina); leavening agents (brewing yeast vs. sourdough starter); and bak ... | 2017 | 29051605 |
| mineral composition of durum wheat grain and pasta under increasing atmospheric co2 concentrations. | the concentrations of 10 minerals were investigated in the grain of 12 durum wheat genotypes grown under free air co2 enrichment conditions, and in four of their derived pasta samples, using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. compared to ambient co2 (400ppm; amb), under elevated co2 (570ppm; ele), the micro-element and macro-element contents showed strong and significant decreases in the grain: mn, -28.3%; fe, -26.7%; zn, -21.9%; mg, -22.7%; mo, -40.4%; k, -22.4%; and ca, -19.5%. thes ... | 2018 | 29037725 |
| total phenolic and yellow pigment contents and antioxidant activities of durum wheat milling fractions. | the aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of total yellow pigments, total phenolic compounds, and their antioxidant activities in various durum wheat milling fractions. carotenoid composition of yellow pigment extract was also examined using uplc. the abts radical scavenging activity of the milling fractions decreased in the order of short bran/bran > feed flour > flour/semolina in both total phenolic and total yellow pigment extracts. yellow pigments extracts from bran, short br ... | 2017 | 29036891 |
| tritordeum: a novel cereal for food processing with good acceptability and significant reduction in gluten immunogenic peptides in comparison with wheat. | tritordeum is a novel cereal obtained from the hybridization between durum wheat and a wild barley. this study evaluates acceptance, digestibility and immunotoxic properties of tritordeum, a novel cereal for food processing. nineteen healthy volunteers participated in a study with different diets to compare tritordeum bread with wheat and gluten-free breads. | 2017 | 28963718 |
| physico-chemical properties and sensory profile of durum wheat dittaino pdo (protected designation of origin) bread and quality of re-milled semolina used for its production. | to help future quality checks, we characterized the physico-chemical and sensory properties of dittaino bread, a sourdough-based durum wheat bread recently awarded with protected designation of origin mark, along with the quality features of re-milled semolina used for its production. semolina was checked for falling number (533-644s), protein content (12.0-12.3g/100gd.m.), gluten content (9.7-10.5g/100gd.m.), yellow index (18.0-21.0), water absorption (59.3-62.3g/100g), farinograph dough stabil ... | 2018 | 28958525 |
| a mouse model of anaphylaxis and atopic dermatitis to salt-soluble wheat protein extract. | wheat allergy and other immune-mediated disorders triggered by wheat proteins are growing at an alarming rate for reasons not well understood. a mouse model to study hypersensitivity responses to salt-soluble wheat protein (sswp) extract is currently unavailable. here we tested the hypothesis that sswp extract from wheat will induce sensitization as well as allergic disease in mice. | 2017 | 28950276 |
| real-time pcr for the detection of precise transgene copy number in wheat. | despite the unceasing advances in genetic transformation techniques, the success of common delivery methods still lies on the behavior of the integrated transgenes in the host genome. stability and expression of the introduced genes are influenced by several factors such as chromosomal location, transgene copy number and interaction with the host genotype. such factors are traditionally characterized by southern blot analysis, which can be time-consuming, laborious, and often unable to detect th ... | 2017 | 28913805 |
| lc-hrms for characterizing durum wheat pasta production variability and consumer overall liking. | semolina pasta represents one of the most important dishes in italian cuisine worldwide. italy is the leader in its production and, recently, the worldwide diffusion of its production has begun to grow tremendously. the perceived quality of a food product, such as pasta, is a key feature that allows a company to increase and maintain the competitive advantage of a specific brand. the overall flavor perception of the consumer, therefore, has become as important as other key quality factors such a ... | 2017 | 28899452 |
| polyphenols in raw and cooked cereals/pseudocereals/legume pasta and couscous. | pasta and couscous are popular foods manufactured (in their traditional form) from durum wheat semolina. in recent years, the consumers' quest for novel, functional, gluten-free, wholegrain foods has prompted the industry to manufacture new pasta and couscous products in which durum wheat has been partially or totally replaced by other vegetable flours. besides dietary fibre, these raw materials might be an interesting source of phytochemicals. in this work, 16 commercial samples of pasta and fo ... | 2017 | 28892013 |
| salt stress reveals differential physiological, biochemical and molecular responses in t. monococcum and t. durum wheat genotypes. | salt stress responses implicate a complex mechanism and differ from plant species to another. in this study, we analyzed the physiological, biochemical and molecular responses to salt stress of the diploid wheat (t. monococcum) and compared to the tetraploid wheat (t. durum). our results showed that the diploid wheat cultivar (cv. turkey) is relatively tolerant to different salt stress conditions than the tetraploid wheat cultivar (cv. om rabia3). this tolerance was manifested by significant ger ... | 2017 | 28878491 |
| mapping qtl for root and shoot morphological traits in a durum wheat × t. dicoccum segregating population at seedling stage. | a segregating population of 136 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between the durum wheat cv. "simeto" and the t. dicoccum accession "molise colli" was grown in soil and evaluated for a number of shoot and root morphological traits. a total of 17 quantitative trait loci (qtl) were identified for shoot dry weight, number of culms, and plant height and for root dry weight, volume, length, surface area, and number of forks and tips, on chromosomes 1b, 2a, 3a, 4b, 5b, 6a, 6b, and 7b. lod ... | 2017 | 28845431 |
| new insights into the impacts of elevated co2, nitrogen, and temperature levels on the regulation of c and n metabolism in durum wheat using network analysis. | the use of correlation networks and hierarchical cluster analysis provides a framework to organize and study the coordination of parameters such as genes, metabolites, proteins and physiological parameters. we have analyzed 142 traits from primary c and n metabolism, including biochemical and gene expression analyses, in a range of 32 different growth conditions (various [co2] levels, temperatures, n supplies, growth stages and experimental methods). to test the integration of primary metabolism ... | 2018 | 28827159 |
| durum wheat mirnas in response to nitrogen starvation at the grain filling stage. | durum wheat highly depends on nitrogen for seed development and yield, and the obtainment of varieties with a better nitrogen use efficiency is crucial to reduce production costs and environmental pollution. in this study, sequencing of two small rna libraries obtained from tissues of ciccio and svevo cultivars grown under nitrogen starvation conditions produced 84 novel, and 161 conserved mirnas. of these, 7 novel and 13 known mirnas were newly identified in this work. quantitative pcr analysis ... | 2017 | 28813501 |
| prediction of cp and starch concentrations in ruminal in situ studies and ruminal degradation of cereal grains using nirs. | ruminal in situ incubations are widely used to assess the nutritional value of feedstuffs for ruminants. in in situ methods, feed samples are ruminally incubated in indigestible bags over a predefined timespan and the disappearance of nutrients from the bags is recorded. to describe the degradation of specific nutrients, information on the concentration of feed samples and undegraded feed after in situ incubation ('bag residues') is needed. for cereal and pea grains, cp and starch (st) analyses ... | 2017 | 28770698 |
| genetic diversity within a global panel of durum wheat (triticum durum) landraces and modern germplasm reveals the history of alleles exchange. | durum wheat is the 10th most important crop in the world, and its use traces back to the origin of agriculture. unfortunately, in the last century only part of the genetic diversity available for this species has been captured in modern varieties through breeding. here, the population structure and genetic diversity shared among elites and landraces collected from 32 countries was investigated. a total of 370 entries were genotyped with axiom 35k array to identify 8,173 segregating single nucleo ... | 2017 | 28769970 |
| genome wide association study to identify the genetic base of smallholder farmer preferences of durum wheat traits. | smallholder agriculture involves millions of farmers worldwide. a methodical utilization of their traditional knowledge in modern breeding efforts may help the production of locally adapted varieties better addressing their needs. in this study, a combination of participatory approaches, genomics, and quantitative genetics is used to trace the genetic basis of smallholder farmer preferences of durum wheat traits. two smallholder communities evaluated 400 ethiopian wheat varieties, mostly landrac ... | 2017 | 28769945 |
| differences in gluten protein composition between old and modern durum wheat genotypes in relation to 20th century breeding in italy. | the impact of breeding on grain yields of wheat varieties released during the 20th century has been extensively studied, whereas less information is available on the changes in gluten quality associated with effects on the amount and composition of glutenins and gliadins. in order to explore the effects of breeding during the 20th century on gluten quality of durum wheat for processing and health we have compared a set of old and modern italian genotypes grown under mediterranean conditions. the ... | 2017 | 28769550 |
| variability in iron, zinc and phytic acid content in a worldwide collection of commercial durum wheat cultivars and the effect of reduced irrigation on these traits. | diets very rich in cereals have been associated with micronutrient malnutrition, and the biofortification of them, has been proposed as one of the best approaches to alleviate the problem. durum wheat is one of the main sources of calories and protein in many developing countries. in this study, 46 durum varieties grown under full and reduced irrigation, were analyzed for micronutrients and phytate content to determine the potential bioavailability of the micronutrients. the variation was 25.7-4 ... | 2017 | 28764025 |
| the quality of functional whole-meal durum wheat spaghetti as affected by inulin polymerization degree. | the use of inulin in pasta improves the nutritional value decreasing the glycemic index in the blood after pasta ingestion but it compromises the sensory characteristics in terms of elasticity, firmness, bulkiness and adhesiveness. thus, in this work, the impact of substituting whole-meal durum wheat flour with inulin on cooking quality, sensory and textural properties, digested starch and chemical composition of spaghetti was investigated. two types of inulin at two different concentrations (2% ... | 2017 | 28732922 |
| evaluation of genetic diversity and host resistance to stem rust in usda nsgc durum wheat accessions. | the usda-ars national small grains collection (nsgc) maintains germplasm representing global diversity of small grains and their wild relatives. to evaluate the utility of the nsgc durum wheat ( l. ssp. ) accessions, we assessed genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium (ld) patterns in a durum core subset containing 429 lines with spring growth habit originating from 64 countries worldwide. genetic diversity estimated using wheat single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) markers showed considerab ... | 2017 | 28724063 |
| assessment of vegetation indices derived by uav imagery for durum wheat phenotyping under a water limited and heat stressed mediterranean environment. | there is growing interest for using spectral vegetation indices (svi) derived by unmanned aerial vehicle (uav) imagery as a fast and cost-efficient tool for plant phenotyping. the development of such tools is of paramount importance to continue progress through plant breeding, especially in the mediterranean basin, where climate change is expected to further increase yield uncertainty. in the present study, normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi), simple ratio (sr) and green normalized dif ... | 2017 | 28694819 |
| genomic restructuring in f1 hordeum chilense × durum wheat hybrids and corresponding hexaploid tritordeum lines revealed by dna fingerprinting analyses. | | 2017 | 28674217 |
| understanding the effects of genotype, growing year, and breeding on tunisian durum wheat allergenicity. 1. the baker's asthma case. | baker's asthma is a serious airway disease triggered by wheat protein cm3 α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor. the purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of genotype and crop year on allergen cm3 α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor associated with baker's asthma. a historical series of tunisian durum wheat (100 accessions), derived from three crop years, was used to compare the amount of cm3 from landraces to advanced cultivars. cm3 protein quantification was assessed after an enzymatic clea ... | 2017 | 28644028 |
| development of a high-density snp-based linkage map and detection of qtl for β-glucans, protein content, grain yield per spike and heading time in durum wheat. | high-density genetic linkage maps of crop species are particularly useful in detecting qualitative and quantitative trait loci for important agronomic traits and in improving the power of classical approaches to identify candidate genes. the aim of this study was to develop a high-density genetic linkage map in a durum wheat recombinant inbred lines population (ril) derived from two elite wheat cultivars and to identify, characterize and correlate quantitative trait loci (qtl) for β-glucan, prot ... | 2017 | 28635630 |
| from seed to cooked pasta: influence of traditional and non-conventional transformation processes on total antioxidant capacity and phenolic acid content. | the aim of this work was to compare the traditional with a non-conventional (i.e. kernel micronisation) durum wheat milling process by monitoring the content of bound, conjugated and free phenolic acids (pas) and the level of the total antioxidant capacity (tac) occurring in the durum wheat pasta production chain, from seed to cooked pasta. the traditional transformation processes negatively influenced tac and pa content (40% and 89% decrease from seed to cooked pasta, respectively), mainly duri ... | 2018 | 28635340 |
| understanding the effects of genotype, growing year, and breeding on tunisian durum wheat allergenicity. 2. the celiac disease case. | the aim of this study was to compare immunogenic and toxic gluten peptides related to celiac disease (cd). 100 accessions of genotypes selected during the 20th century in tunisia were in vitro digested and then analyzed by uplc/esi-ms technique using an isotopically labeled internal standard. the first manova confirmed a high variability in the content of immunogenic and toxic peptides reflecting high genetic diversity in the germplasm released during the past century in tunisia, consistently wi ... | 2017 | 28635270 |
| glutathione s-transferase related detoxification processes are correlated with receptor-mediated vacuolar sorting mechanisms. | triticum durum glutathione s-transferase z1 is specifically responsive to glyphosate. its expression influences the receptor-mediated vacuolar sorting mechanisms involved in tolerance mechanisms. a zeta subfamily glutathione s-transferase gene from triticum durum (cv cappelli) (tdgstz1) was characterized as part of a complex detoxification mechanism. the effect of different abiotic stresses on tdgstz1 revealed that the gene is unexpectedly responsive to glyphosate (gly) herbicide despite it shou ... | 2017 | 28577236 |
| optimization of durum wheat bread enriched with bran. | an attempt is made in this study to balance the nutritional and sensory quality of bread. in particular, the formulation of a functional durum wheat bread enriched with bran at high concentration has been developed. organogel concentration and bran particle size have been used as process variables for bread optimization. bran concentration was increased at value as high as 15%, thus increasing the nutritional content, even though the sensory quality decreased. bread was scored barely acceptable ... | 2017 | 28572958 |
| improved responses to elevated co2 in durum wheat at a low nitrate supply associated with the upregulation of photosynthetic genes and the activation of nitrate assimilation. | elevated co2 often leads to photosynthetic acclimation, and n availability may alter this response. we investigated whether the coordination of shoot-root n assimilation by elevated co2 may help to optimize the whole-plant n allocation and maximize photosynthesis in hydroponically-grown durum wheat at two no3- supplies in interaction with plant development. transcriptional and biochemical analyses were performed on flag leaves and roots. at anthesis, the improved photosynthetic acclimation respo ... | 2017 | 28554469 |
| dissecting the old mediterranean durum wheat genetic architecture for phenology, biomass and yield formation by association mapping and qtl meta-analysis. | association mapping was used to identify genome regions affecting yield formation, crop phenology and crop biomass in a collection of 172 durum wheat landraces representative of the genetic diversity of ancient local durum varieties from the mediterranean basin. the collection was genotyped with 1,149 dart markers and phenotyped in spanish northern and southern locations during three years. a total of 245 significant marker trait associations (mtas) (p<0.01) were detected. some of these associat ... | 2017 | 28542488 |
| phenotypic and molecular variation in drought tolerance of jordanian durum wheat (triticum durum desf.) landraces. | drought is considered one of the major constraints of plant growth and productivity worldwide. plants respond to drought through different mechanisms including physiological, biochemical, and gene expression modulation. studying these mechanisms will provide better understanding of drought response mechanisms and will help breeders in developing new cultivars. in this study, growth, biochemical, and molecular responses of four wheat (triticum durum desf.) landraces to drought stress (300 mm mann ... | 2017 | 28461720 |
| transcriptomic response of durum wheat to nitrogen starvation. | nitrogen (n) is a key macronutrient representing a limiting factor for plant growth and development and affects productivity in wheat. in this study, durum wheat response to n chronic starvation during grain filling was investigated through a transcriptomic approach in roots, leaves/stems, flag leaf and spikes of cv. svevo. nitrogen stress negatively influenced plant height, tillering, flag leaf area, spike and seed traits, and total n content. rna-seq data revealed 4,626 differentially expresse ... | 2017 | 28446759 |
| occurrence of deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in durum wheat from argentina. | the occurrence of deoxynivalenol, 3- and 15-deoxynivalenol and deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside in 84 durum wheat samples, from the argentinean main growing area, was investigated during 2012/13 and 2013/14 using lc-ms/ms. deoxynivalenol was found in all samples at concentrations varying between <loq (50μg/kg) and 9480μg/kg. deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside was detected in 94% of the samples at concentrations ranging from <loq (50μg/kg) to 850μg/kg. moreover, the acetylated derivatives were also detected bu ... | 2017 | 28407973 |
| effect of phytoliths for mitigating water stress in durum wheat. | the role of silicon (si) in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses in crops is well evidenced by empirical studies; however, the mechanisms by which it works are still poorly known. the aim of this study is to determine whether or not phytolith composition and distribution in wheat are affected by drought and, if so, why. durum wheat was grown using hydroponics in the presence of polyethylene glycol (peg)-6000 to perform a water-stress simulation. we developed an original method for in situ ana ... | 2017 | 28394079 |
| multi-mycotoxin analysis in durum wheat pasta by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry. | a simple and rapid multi-mycotoxin method for the determination of 17 mycotoxins simultaneously is described in the present survey on durum and soft wheat pasta samples. mycotoxins included in the study were those mainly reported in cereal samples: ochratoxin-a (ota), aflatoxin b1 (afb1), zearalenone (zon), deoxynivalenol (don), 3-and 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-acdon and 15-acdon), nivalenol (niv), neosolaniol (neo), fusarenon-x, (fus-x), t-2 toxin (t-2) and ht-2 toxin (ht-2), ... | 2017 | 28208797 |
| shelf life assessment of industrial durum wheat bread as a function of packaging system. | this study compared the effect of different packaging systems on industrial durum wheat bread shelf-life, with regard to thermoformed packaging (tf) and flow-packaging (fp). two tfs having different thickness and one fp were compared by assessing physico-chemical and sensorial properties and volatile compounds of sliced bread during 90days of storage. texture, aw and bread moisture varied according to a first-order kinetic model, with fp samples ageing faster than tfs. sensorial features such as ... | 2017 | 28159253 |
| single marker and haplotype-based association analysis of semolina and pasta colour in elite durum wheat breeding lines using a high-density consensus map. | association mapping is usually performed by testing the correlation between a single marker and phenotypes. however, because patterns of variation within genomes are inherited as blocks, clustering markers into haplotypes for genome-wide scans could be a worthwhile approach to improve statistical power to detect associations. the availability of high-density molecular data allows the possibility to assess the potential of both approaches to identify marker-trait associations in durum wheat. in t ... | 2017 | 28135299 |
| durum wheat roots adapt to salinity remodeling the cellular content of nitrogen metabolites and sucrose. | plants are currently experiencing increasing salinity problems due to irrigation with brackish water. moreover, in fields, roots can grow in soils which show spatial variation in water content and salt concentration, also because of the type of irrigation. salinity impairs crop growth and productivity by inhibiting many physiological and metabolic processes, in particular nitrate uptake, translocation, and assimilation. salinity determines an increase of sap osmolality from about 305 mosmol kg-1 ... | 2016 | 28119716 |
| the ozone-like syndrome in durum wheat (triticum durum desf.): mechanisms underlying the different symptomatic responses of two sensitive cultivars. | colombo and sculptur are two modern durum wheat cultivars that, in previous studies, proved to be very sensitive to ozone injury in terms of eco-physiological parameters and significant grain yield loss. nevertheless, their response regarding leaf visible symptoms was very different; sculptur showed almost no symptoms, even after several weeks of ozone exposure, whereas colombo showed in a few weeks typical ozone-like symptoms (chlorotic/necrotic spots). the mechanisms underlying this different ... | 2017 | 28109919 |
| a whole genome dartseq and snp analysis for genetic diversity assessment in durum wheat from central fertile crescent. | until now, little attention has been paid to the geographic distribution and evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat from the central fertile crescent (modern-day turkey and syria). turkey and syria are considered as primary centers of wheat diversity, and thousands of locally adapted wheat landraces are still present in the farmers' small fields. we planned this study to evaluate the genetic diversity of durum wheat landraces from the central fertile crescent by genotyping based on darts ... | 2017 | 28099442 |
| deep eutectic solvents as novel and effective extraction media for quantitative determination of ochratoxin a in wheat and derived products. | an unprecedented, environmentally friendly, and faster method for the determination of ochratoxin a (ota) (a mycotoxin produced by several species of aspergillus and penicillium and largely widespread in nature, in wheat and derived products) has, for the first time, been set up and validated using choline chloride (chcl)-based deep eutectic solvents (dess) (e.g., chcl/glycerol (1:2) and chcl/ urea (1:2) up to 40% (w/w) water) as privileged, green, and biodegradable extraction solvents. this als ... | 2017 | 28085112 |
| the light response of mesophyll conductance is controlled by structure across leaf profiles. | mesophyll conductance to co2 (gm ) may respond to light either through regulated dynamic mechanisms or due to anatomical and structural factors. at low light, some layers of cells in the leaf cross-section approach photocompensation and contribute minimally to bulk leaf photosynthesis and little to whole leaf gm (gm,leaf ). thus, the bulk gm,leaf will appear to respond to light despite being based upon cells having an anatomically fixed mesophyll conductance. such behaviour was observed in speci ... | 2017 | 28039917 |
| the durum wheat plasma membrane na+/h+ antiporter sos1 is involved in oxidative stress response. | we have shown previously that the durum wheat tdsos1 excludes na+ and li+ ions outside cells. moreover, this protein is activated by arabidopsis kinase sos2 through phosphorylation. the elimination of both sos2 phosphorylation sites and the auto-inhibitory domain produces a hyperactive tdsos1∆972 form, which have a maximal activity independent from the regulatory sos2/sos3 complex. we demonstrated that the expression of tdsos1 enhances salt tolerance of the transgenic arabidopsis plants. in this ... | 2017 | 28013410 |