| [specific skin reactions induced by individual pollen preparations in hypersensitivity persons]. | skin tests are the most useful single modality for demonstrating an ige-mediated mechanism underlying clinical symptoms. skin reactivity to an allergen depends on person's exposure and genetic factors influencing the ige response. however, the reproducibility of allergy skin tests has been shown to be variable depending, among other things, on the allergen extract employed and the kind of technique used. these variations have led to controversy regarding clinical relevancy of allergy skin testin ... | 2009 | 9863408 |
| long-term responsiveness to free air co2 enrichment of functional types, species and genotypes of plants from fertile permanent grassland. | to test inter- and intraspecific variability in the responsiveness to elevated co2, 9-14 different genotypes of each of 12 perennial species from fertile permanent grassland were grown in lolium perenne swards under ambient (35 pa) and elevated (60 pa) atmospheric partial pressure of co2 (pco2) for 3 years in a free air carbon dioxide enrichment (face) experiment. the plant species were grouped according to their functional types: grasses (l. perenne, l. multiflorum, arrhenatherum elatius, dacty ... | 1997 | 28307292 |
| cloning, sequencing and immunological characterization of dac g 3, a major allergen from dactylis glomerata pollen. | preliminary work showed that a 14-kda allergen with a pi of 9 was recognized by more than 60% of sera from dactylis glomerata (dac g) pollen-allergic individuals. the n-terminal amino acid sequence of this dac g allergen was determined by edman degradation and compared with that of lol p 3, a major allergen of lolium perenne. a sequence identity of 65% was found, suggesting that the dac g allergen could be the homologue of lol p 3 and therefore named dac g 3. we report the cloning and sequence a ... | 1996 | 8811075 |
| effects of organic solvent extracts from herbage on feeding behavior in goats. | the effects of organic solvent extracts from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. cv. friend), orchardgrass (dactylis glomerata l. cv. akimidori) andlolium ×festuca hybrid on the hay consumption of goats were measured by simple two-choice feeding assays. orchardgrass hay treated with methanol extracts (resuspended in water) of perennial ryegrass showed an increased intake by goats compared to untreated hay (p < 0.01). the palatability of hay tended to be slightly decreased by spraying it with p ... | 1996 | 24227483 |
| grass pollen immunotherapy induces highly cross-reactive igg antibodies to group v allergen from different grass species. | sera from two groups of patients receiving grass pollen immunotherapy were tested on igg reactivity with group v allergen from six different grass species. one group of patients was treated with a mixture of 10 grass species, and the other with a mixture of five. only lolium perenne, dactylis glomerata, and phleum pratense were present in both mixtures. although anthoxanthum odoratum and secale cereale were absent from the mixture of five, igg responses to ant o v and sec c v were comparable in ... | 1995 | 7677246 |
| variability of crossreactivity of ige antibodies to group i and v allergens in eight grass pollen species. | crossreactivity to dactylis glomerata, festuca rubra, phleum pratense, anthoxanthum odoratum, secale cereale, zea mays, and phragmites communis of ige antibodies against lol p i or lol p v was investigated by means of rast-inhibition. within a group of sera the degree of crossreactivity was demonstrated to be highly variable. individual sera were not always equally crossreactive to all pollen species. a high degree of crossreactivity for group i allergens did not necessarily implicate the same f ... | 1992 | 1382820 |
| effects of ambient levels of air pollution on grass swards subjected to different defoliation regimes. | the urgent need to evaluate effects of air quality on plant growth in the field is discussed in relation to the difficulties which field-based studies pose in the interpretation of data. an initial study is described which aimed to overcome some of these difficulties and the data are discussed within the remaining limitations. the productivity of pure swards of lolium perenne l. and dactylis glomerata l., subjected to defoliation at different times of the year, was studied at field sites with di ... | 1987 | 15092760 |
| wide hybridization experiments in cereals. | wide hybridization is a useful tool in plant breeding, but little is known about its possible range. for the cereals, wheat, barley and rye, this was tested with 15 different species of the poaceae and panicoideae. embryo formation could be obtained with agropyron repens, alopecurus agrestis, dactylis glomerata, festuca glauca, hordeum bulbosum, lolium perenne, pennisetum americanum, and zea mays. as well, haploid as diploid embryos occurred. new embryo culture techniques should enable these emb ... | 1984 | 24257639 |
| rooting pattern and water relations of three pasture grasses growing in drying soil. | seedlings of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l. s23), cocksfoot (dactylis glomerata l. s37) and timothy (phleum pratense l. s48) were rooted into tubes of soil and plants were either watered well or remained unwatered for a period of seven days. measurements were made of root water relations and of growth of roots and shoots. root turgor of dactylis was larger than that of lolium and phleum. as a result of accumulation of solutes, turgor of dactylis and lolium was maintained as the soil dried ... | 1983 | 28310581 |
| grass pollen hyposensitization versus placebo therapy. i. clinical effectiveness and methodological aspects of a pre-seasonal course of desensitization with a four-grass pollen extract. | the present work reports the results of a double-blind clinical trial, comparing the effects of hyposensitization treatment versus placebo in 33 patients with allergic rhinitis, sensitive to a crude extract of the pollen of four different grasses (dactylis glomerata, lolium perenne, secale cereale, and phleum pratense). the distribution of these patients in the two groups was done randomly and gave two comparable groups, as far as clinical and biological features are concerned. the treatment cou ... | 1981 | 7032341 |
| the glyceride fatty acids of forage grasses: cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass. | | 1932 | 16744806 |
| the wax constituents of forage grasses: cocksfoot and perennial ryegrass. | | 1931 | 16744781 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of the potential impact on soil porewater, surface and groundwater from the use of organic wastes as soil amendments. | this study aimed to assess the potential impact on soil porewater, surface and groundwater from the beneficial application of organic wastes to soil, using their eluates and acute bioassays with aquatic organisms and plants: luminescence inhibition of vibrio fischeri (15 and 30 min), daphnia magna immobilization (48 h), thamnocephalus platyurus survival (24 h), and seed germination of lolium perenne (7 d) and lactuca sativa (5 d). some organic wastes' eluates promoted high toxic responses, but t ... | 2016 | 26741879 |
| fate and transformation products of amine-terminated pamam dendrimers under ozonation and irradiation. | this article deals with the degradation of a third-generation (g3) poly(amidoamine) (pamam) dendrimer under ozonation and irradiation. the identification and quantification of g3 pamam dendrimer and its transformation products has been performed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. the dendrimer was completely depleted by ozone in less than 1 min. the effect of ultraviolet irradiation was attributed to hydroxyl-mediated oxidation. t ... | 2014 | 24384376 |
| anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse wastes as fertiliser in agriculture. | chemical and physical analysis, 27-d plant growth assays with carrot (daucus carota) and chinese cabbage (brassica campestris var. chinensis), and 5-d phytotoxicity assays with chinese cabbage and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) were used to investigate the suitability of anaerobically digested poultry slaughterhouse waste for fertiliser in agriculture and the effect of aerobic post-treatment on the properties of the digested material. the digested material appeared to be rich in nitrogen. i ... | 2001 | 11265792 |
| mexican propolis flavonoids affect photosynthesis and seedling growth. | as a continuous effort to find new natural products with potential herbicide activity, flavonoids acacetin (1), chrysin (2) and 4',7-dimethylnarangenin (3) were isolated from a propolis sample collected in the rural area of mexico city and their effects on the photosynthesis light reactions and on the growth of lolium perenne, echinochloa crus-galli and physalis ixocarpa seedlings were investigated. acacetin (1) acted as an uncoupler by enhancing the electron transport under basal and phosphoryl ... | 2015 | 26318278 |
| phytotoxic effect, uptake, and transformation of biochanin a in selected weed species. | certain isoflavones are plant growth inhibitors, and biochanin a is a major isoflavone in clover species used for weed management. the effect of biochanin a on the monocot weed species echinochloa crus-galli l. and lolium perenne l. and dicot species silene noctiflora l., geranium molle l., and amaranthus caudatus l. was evaluated in agar medium bioassays. s. noctiflora and g. molle root growth was progressively inhibited with increasing concentrations of biochanin a, whereas the monocot species ... | 2012 | 23030687 |
| phytotoxicity and uptake of nitroglycerin in a natural sandy loam soil. | nitroglycerin (ng) is widely used for the production of explosives and solid propellants, and is a soil contaminant of concern at some military training ranges. ng phytotoxicity data reported in the literature cannot be applied directly to development of ecotoxicological benchmarks for plant exposures in soil because they were determined in studies using hydroponic media, cell cultures, and transgenic plants. toxicities of ng in the present studies were evaluated for alfalfa (medicago sativa), b ... | 2011 | 21975007 |
| toxicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to terrestrial plants in natural soils. | the presence of energetic materials (used as explosives and propellants) at contaminated sites is a growing international issue, particularly with respect to military base closures and demilitarization policies. improved understanding of the ecotoxicological effects of these materials is needed in order to accurately assess the potential exposure risks and impacts on the environment and its ecosystems. we studied the toxicity of the nitroaromatic energetic material 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-dnt) o ... | 2010 | 20471667 |
| phytotoxic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, a lignan fromlarrea tridentata (creosote bush). | the phytotoxic properties of nordihydroguaiaretic acid (ndga) isolated from creosote bush,larrea tridentata (zygophyllaceae), were examined. ndga dramatically reduces the seedling root growth of barnyard grass, green foxtail, perennial ryegrass, annual ryegrass, red millet, lambsquarter, lettuce, and alfalfa, and reduces the hypocotyl growth of lettuce and green foxtail. it has no effect on the germination of lettuce seeds. ndga almost certainly contributes to the observed allelopathic nature of ... | 1985 | 24311094 |
| effects, uptake, and fate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene aged in soil in plants and worms. | the present study was aimed at providing data to be used at predicting exposure-based effects of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) aged in soil on endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used to define criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. long-term exposure tests were conducted to evaluate sublethal toxicity and uptake of aged soil-based explosives, with tnt as the main contaminant. in these tests, plants were ... | 2008 | 18620472 |
| effects, transfer, and fate of rdx from aged soil in plants and worms. | the objectives of this study were to provide data that can be used to predict exposure-based effects of rdx in aged soil on multiple endpoint organisms representing two trophic levels. these data can be used for defining criteria or reference values for environmental management and conducting specific risk assessment. dose-response experiments formed the basis for the evaluation of toxic effects and transfer of contaminants from soil into two trophic levels. long-term exposure tests were conduct ... | 2006 | 16045966 |
| elymus repens biomass allocation and acquisition as affected by light and nutrient supply and companion crop competition. | competitive crops are a central component of resource-efficient weed control, especially for problematic perennial weeds such as elymus repens competition not only reduces total weed biomass, but denial of resources can also change the allocation pattern - potentially away from the underground storage organs that make perennial weeds difficult to control. thus, the competition mode of crops may be an important component in the design of resource-efficient cropping systems. our aim was to determi ... | 2017 | 28025285 |
| feasibility of incorporating waste grass clippings (lolium perenne l.) in particleboard composites. | this study investigated some of the important physical (thickness swelling) and mechanical (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and internal bond) properties of single-layer particleboard panels made from eucalyptus (eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn.), waste of grass clippings (lolium perenne l.) and combinations of the two. the chemical properties (ph, holocelluse and alpha cellulose contents, and water, alcohol-benzene and 1% sodium hydroxide solubilities) of the raw materials were also det ... | 2009 | 18804991 |
| interception of spray drift by border structures. part 2: field experiments. | this research studied the effect of drift-intercepting structures surrounding the field borders, like artificial screens and natural hedges, which are not yet a part of the drift mitigation measures for field crop sprayers in belgium. drift-interception experiments were performed in a grassland (lolium perenne) with various interception structures: artificial screens with heights of 1, 1.5 and 2 m and screen open areas of 16, 36 and 63% and a row of fagus sylvatica trees with a height of 1.5 m a ... | 2008 | 19226820 |
| do shallow soil, low water availability, or their combination increase the competition between grasses with different root systems in karst soil? | uneven soil depth and low water availability are the key limiting factors to vegetation restoration and reconstruction in limestone soils such as in vulnerable karst regions. belowground competition will possibly increase under limited soil resources. here, we investigate whether low resource availability (including shallow soil, low water availability, and shallow soil and low water availability combined) stimulates the competition between grasses with different root systems in karst soil, by a ... | 2017 | 28283974 |
| characterization of proanthocyanidins from seeds of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) are forage species of the grass family (poaceae) that are key components of temperate pasture-based agricultural systems. proanthocyanidins (pas) are oligomeric flavonoids that, when provided as part of a farm animal's diet, have been reported to improve animal production and health. up to now, forage grasses have been deemed not to produce pas. this paper reports for the first time the detection of polymerized pas in aque ... | 2016 | 27532250 |
| heat shock factor genes of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass in response to temperature stress by rna-seq analysis. | heat shock factors (hsfs) are important regulators of stress-response in plants. however, our understanding of hsf genes and their responses to temperature stresses in two pooideae cool-season grasses, festuca arundinacea, and lolium perenne, is limited. here we conducted comparative transcriptome analyses of plant leaves exposed to heat or cold stress for 10 h. approximately, 30% and 25% of the genes expressed in the two species showed significant changes under heat and cold stress, respectivel ... | 2015 | 26793208 |
| [effects of sewage sludge compost on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of turfgrass]. | the effects of different dosages (0, 0.8%, 2%, 6% and 10%) of sewage sludge compost on the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of three turfgrass, i. e., festuca arundinacea, lolium perenne and poa pratensis were studied. the results showed that the dosage of 6% had the optimal effects. the plant height, leaf area and dry biomass of three turfgrass increased significantly with the increasing sewage sludge compost dosage, while the root/shoot ratio decreased obviously. compared with the con ... | 2014 | 25757308 |
| neotyphodium endophyte changes phytoextraction of zinc in festuca arundinacea and lolium perenne. | the effect of neotyphodium endophytes on growth parameters and zinc (zn) tolerance and uptake was studied in two grass species of festuca arundinacea and lolium perenne. plants were grown under different zn concentrations (control, 200, 400, 800, and 1800 mg kg(-1)) in potted soil for 5 months. the results showed that the number of plant tillers was 85 and 51% greater in endophyte infected festuca (faei) and lolium (lpei), respectively, compared to their endophyte free (ef) plants. roots and sho ... | 2015 | 25495936 |
| combined analysis of the chloroplast genome and transcriptome of the antarctic vascular plant deschampsia antarctica desv. | antarctic hairgrass (deschampsia antarctica desv.) is the only natural grass species in the maritime antarctic. it has been researched as an important ecological marker and as an extremophile plant for studies on stress tolerance. despite its importance, little genomic information is available for d. antarctica. here, we report the complete chloroplast genome, transcriptome profiles of the coding/noncoding genes, and the posttranscriptional processing by rna editing in the chloroplast system. | 2014 | 24647560 |
| plant species identity surpasses species richness as a key driver of n(2)o emissions from grassland. | grassland ecosystems worldwide not only provide many important ecosystem services but they also function as a major source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (n2o), especially in response to nitrogen deposition by grazing animals. to explore the role of plants as mediators of these emissions, we tested whether and how n2o emissions are dependent on grass species richness and/or specific grass species composition in the absence and presence of urine deposition. we hypothesized that: (i) n2o emis ... | 2014 | 23939815 |
| legume-grass intercropping phytoremediation of phthalic acid esters in soil near an electronic waste recycling site: a field study. | a field experiment was conducted to study the phytoremediation of phthalic acid esters (paes) by legume (alfalfa, medicago sativa l.)-grass (perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne l. and tall fescue, festuca arundinacea) intercropping in contaminated agricultural soil at one of the largest e-waste recycling sites in china. two compounds, dehp and dnbp, were present in the soil and in the shoots of the test plants at much higher concentrations than the other target paes studied. over 80% of 'total' ( ... | 2013 | 23487993 |
| forages and pastures symposium: fungal endophytes of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass: pasture friend or foe? | tall fescue [lolium arundinaceum (schreb.) darbysh. syn. festuca arundinacea schreb.] and perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) are important perennial forage grasses utilized throughout the moderate- to high-rainfall temperate zones of the world. these grasses have coevolved with symbiotic fungal endophytes (epichloë/neotyphodium spp.) that can impart bioactive properties and environmental stress tolerance to the grass compared with endophyte-free individuals. these endophytes have proven to b ... | 2013 | 23307839 |
| investigation into the effect of molds in grasses on their content of low molecular mass thiols. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of molds on levels of low molecular mass thiols in grasses. for this purpose, the three grass species lolium perenne, festulolium pabulare and festulolium braunii were cultivated and sampled during four months, from june to september. the same species were also grown under controlled conditions. high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection was used for quantification of cysteine, reduced (gsh) and oxidized (gssg) glutat ... | 2012 | 23202817 |
| assessment of fluorescein-based fluorescent dyes for tracing neotyphodium endophytes in planta. | fluorescent dyes were assessed for their ability to stain viable hyphae of the fungi neotyphodium lolii and n. coenophialum, symbiotic endophytes of the pooideae grasses lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea, respectively. the fluorescein-based fluorophores; fluorescein diacetate (fda), 5(6)-carboxy-fluorescein diacetate (cfda), 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate (cmfda) and the chitin-binding stain, calcofluor while m2r, were assessed for staining of endophyte hyphae in vitro from axenic fung ... | 2013 | 22802389 |
| molecular evidence for neotyphodium fungal endophyte variation and specificity within host grass species. | host specificity of neotyphodium species symbiotic with three grass species, festuca arundinacea, festuca pratensis and lolium perenne, was studied based on comparisons of amplified fragment length polymorphisms (aflp) between hosts and their corresponding endophytes. endophytic fungi were isolated from 24 accessions of host plants. neotyphodium identity was determined based on morphological characteristics observed in cultures and polymerase chain reaction analysis using specific primers. the r ... | 2012 | 22675051 |
| the complete chloroplast genome of tall fescue (lolium arundinaceum; poaceae) and comparison of whole plastomes from the family poaceae. | in this paper, we describe the complete chloroplast genome of lolium arundinaceum. this sequence is the culmination of a long-term project completed by >400 undergraduates who took general genetics at middle tennessee state university from 2004-2007. it was undertaken in an attempt to introduce these students to an open-ended experiential/exploratory lesson to produce and analyze novel data. the data they produced should provide the necessary information for both phylogenetic comparisons and pla ... | 2010 | 21622366 |
| e/z-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rhamnoside, pyrrolizidine conjugates produced by grasses (poaceae). | based on direct infusion mass spectrometry we identified a novel alkaloid as a major component of perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). initial mass spectral data suggested it to be a pyrrolizidine conjugate. as this class of alkaloids has not been described before from grasses, we isolated it to elucidate its structure. the isolated alkaloid proved to be a mixture of two stereoisomers. the structures of the two compounds as determined by 1d and 2d nmr spectroscopy, were e-thesinine-o-4'-alpha-rh ... | 2008 | 18466931 |
| nitrate losses, nutrients and heavy metal accumulation from substrates assembled for urban soils reconstruction. | urban soils may suffer mild to severe degradation as a result of physical and chemical alterations. to reconstruct these soils, a new upper horizon must be created, usually through the application of organic matter, one source of which is biosolids. different soil mixtures were evaluated with regard to loss of nitrates in percolates and the uptake and incorporation of nutrients and heavy metals into plant tissues. the experiment was conducted in trays; treatments were mixtures of biosolids and a ... | 2008 | 17904270 |
| frequency, type, and distribution of est-ssrs from three genotypes of lolium perenne, and their conservation across orthologous sequences of festuca arundinacea, brachypodium distachyon, and oryza sativa. | simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are highly informative and widely used for genetic and breeding studies in several plant species. they are used for cultivar identification, variety protection, as anchor markers in genetic mapping, and in marker-assisted breeding. currently, a limited number of ssr markers are publicly available for perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne). we report on the exploitation of a comprehensive est collection in l. perenne for ssr identification. the objectives of this ... | 2007 | 17626623 |
| heavy metal accumulation of urban domestic rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating. | seven kinds of heavy metal accumulation of rubbish compost in turfgrass by edta chelating were investigated. with edta application, heavy metal accumulation by two species of turfgrass was increased significantly. the enrichment coefficients of lolium perenne l(l) and festuca arundinacea l(f) to cr reached 9.45 and 6.15 respectively. in the range of edta dosages given, heavy metal accumulation in turfgrass increased with increasing edta level. there were significant differences in remediation of ... | 2005 | 16313009 |
| a trade-off between nitrogen uptake and use increases responsiveness to elevated co2 in infrequently cut mixed c3 grasses. | the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the responsiveness of mixed c3 grass species to elevated co2 is related more to nitrogen uptake or to n-use efficiency. nitrogen uptake and whole-plant n-use efficiency were investigated with two binary mixtures: lolium perenne was mixed either with festuca arundinacea or with holcus lanatus. the swards were grown on sand with or without co2 doubling, and subjected to two cutting frequencies. a c20 alcohol was used as a marker to determine species pr ... | 2005 | 15760365 |
| does decreased mowing frequency enhance alkaloid production in endophytic tall fescue and perennial ryegrass? | tall fescue, festuca arundinacea, and perennial ryegrass, lolium perenne. are widely infected with fungal endophytes (neotyphodium spp.). the symbiosis between plant and fungus leads to synthesis of alkaloids that have been shown to be either toxic or act as feeding deterrents against insect pests. as cultural practices have the potential to regulate production of plant secondary metabolites, we evaluated the influence of mowing frequency on the levels of major alkaloids in tall fescue and peren ... | 2002 | 12049232 |
| the effect of nitrate-nitrogen supply on bacteria and bacterial-feeding fauna in the rhizosphere of different grass species. | microbial growth in the rhizosphere is affected by the release of organic material from roots, so differences in carbon budgets between plants may affect their rhizosphere biology. this was tested by sampling populations of bacteria and bacteriophagous fauna from the rhizosphere of lolium perenne, festuca arundinacea, poa annua, and poa pratensis, under conditions of high and low nitrate availability. concentrations of soluble phenolics and lignin varied considerably between the species but were ... | 1992 | 28313466 |
| effects of fungal endophytes on the seed and seedling biology of lolium perenne and festuca arundinacea. | many grasses are infected by endophytic fungi that grow intercellularly in leaves, stems, and flowers and are transmitted maternally by hyphal growth into ovules and seeds. the seed biology and seedling growth of endophyte-infected and uninfected perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne) and tall fescue (festuca arundinacea) were investigated under controlled environmental conditions. the percentage of filled seeds produced by infected tall fescue was over twice of uninfected tall fescue; infected and ... | 1987 | 28311516 |
| the effect of light and temperature on the growth of two subtropical and two temperate grass species. | the effect of light intensity and temperature on the growth of young plants of two temperate (lolium perenne, festuca arundinacea) and two subtropical (lolium rigidum, bromus unioloides) grass species was studied in the northern part of the gdr under open-air conditions. it was found that the subtropical species reacted highly sensitive to changes in the two environmental factors and showed absolutely higher growth performance during the summer as compared with the temperate species. the multipl ... | 1976 | 985302 |
| is the invasive species listronotus bonariensis (kuschel) (coleoptera: curculionidae) (argentine stem weevil) a threat to new zealand natural grassland ecosystems? | listronotus bonariensis (argentine stem weevil) is a stem-boring weevil that has become a major pasture pest in new zealand, and cool climate turf grass in australia. this species is also frequently found in native tussock grassland in new zealand. laboratory and field trials were established to determine the risk posed to both seedlings and established plants of three native grass species compared to what happens with a common host of this species, hybrid ryegrass (l. perenne x l. multiflorum). ... | 2016 | 27507979 |
| optimisation of slow-pyrolysis process conditions to maximise char yield and heavy metal adsorption of biochar produced from different feedstocks. | the objective of this work was to identify biomass feedstocks and optimum pyrolysis process conditions to produce a biochar capable of adsorbing metals from polluted groundwater. taguchi experimental design was used to determine the effects of slow-pyrolysis process conditions on char yield and zinc adsorption. treatments were repeated using six candidate feedstocks (lolium perenne, lolium perenne fibre, miscanthus x giganteus, salix viminalis, fraxinus excelsior and picea sitchensis) and the re ... | 2016 | 27179953 |
| prompt chlorophyll a fluorescence as a rapid tool for diagnostic changes in psii structure inhibited by salt stress in perennial ryegrass. | perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne l.) is one of the most popular grass species in europe. it is commonly used for establishing the lawns in urban areas, where the salt stress is one of the major environmental conditions limiting its growth. the basic aim of this study was the detailed in vivo analysis of the changes in photosynthetic efficiency, induced by salt stress, of two lawn varieties of perennial ryegrass and to find out the variety of better properties to create lawn on the soils contam ... | 2016 | 26878219 |
| biocidal compounds from mentha sp. essential oils and their structure-activity relationships. | essential oils from greek mentha species showed different chemical compositions for two populations of m. pulegium, characterized by piperitone and pulegone. mentha spicata essential oil was characterized by endocyclic piperitenone epoxide, piperitone epoxide, and carvone. the bioactivities of these essential oils and their components have been tested against insect pests (leptinotarsa decemlineata, spodoptera littoralis and myzus persicae), root-knot nematodes (meloydogine javanica) and plants ... | 2017 | 27770481 |
| epichloë uncinata infection and loline content protect festulolium grasses from crickets (orthoptera: gryllidae). | experiments with artificial diets demonstrated that black field cricket (teleogryllus commodus (walker)) and lepidogryllus sp. were highly responsive to presence of lolines in their diet-quantities of diet consumed declined exponentially with increasing loline concentration. amount consumed by black field cricket and lepidogryllus sp. on diet containing 5,600 µg/g lolines was only 8 and 2% relative to those on loline-free diet, respectively. additional experiments with festulolium seeds demonstr ... | 2015 | 26470191 |
| pythium kandovanense sp. nov., a fungus-like eukaryotic micro-organism (stramenopila, pythiales) isolated from snow-covered ryegrass leaves. | pythiumkandovanense sp. nov. (ex-type culture cctu 1813t = opu 1626t = cbs 139567t) is a novel oomycete species isolated from lolium perenne with snow rot symptoms in a natural grassland in east-azarbaijan province, iran. phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from internal transcribed spacer (its)-rdna, coxi and coxii mitochondrial genes clustered our isolates in pythium group e as a unique, well supported clade. pythium kandovanense sp. nov. is phylogenetically and morphologically distin ... | 2015 | 25933619 |
| bacterial rhizosphere and endosphere populations associated with grasses and trees to be used for phytoremediation of crude oil contaminated soil. | different grasses and trees were tested for their growth in a crude oil contaminated soil. three grasses, lolium perenne, leptochloa fusca, brachiaria mutica, and two trees, lecucaena leucocephala and acacia ampliceps, were selected to investigate the diversity of hydrocarbon-degrading rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria. we found a higher number of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria associated with grasses than trees and that the endophytic bacteria were taxonomically different from rhizosphere as ... | 2015 | 25661008 |
| bacteria on leaves: a previously unrecognised source of n2o in grazed pastures. | nitrous oxide (n2o) emissions from grazed pastures are a product of microbial transformations of nitrogen and the prevailing view is that these only occur in the soil. here we show this is not the case. we have found ammonia-oxidising bacteria (aob) are present on plant leaves where they produce n2o just as in soil. aob (nitrosospira sp. predominantly) on the pasture grass lolium perenne converted 0.02-0.42% (mean 0.12%) of the oxidised ammonia to n2o. as we have found aob to be ubiquitous on gr ... | 2015 | 25012902 |
| assessment of the phytotoxicity of seaport sediments in the framework of a quarry-deposit scenario: germination tests of sediments aged artificially by column leaching. | the aim of the sustainable management of sediments dredged in seaports (sedigest) project is to assess the risks of treated port sediments for terrestrial ecosystems when deposited in quarries. we simulated the "ageing" of these sediments up to the "moment" when plants can germinate. sediments were leached by water percolating through a laboratory column. sediments 1 and 2, taken from the port of toulon (france), were dried and aired. sediment 3, taken from the port of guilvinec (france), was st ... | 2013 | 23456254 |
| allelopathic effect of bromus spp. and lolium spp. shoot extracts on some crops. | allelopathy is an untapped resource for weed control in crops that could give good possibilities for environmentally sound, integrated crop production. allelopathy is defined as the direct or indirect harmful or beneficial effects of one plant on another through the production of chemical compounds, called allelochemicals, which escape into the environment. allelochemicals can be produced by weeds and affect crops, and the reverse is also true. allelopathic interactions include weed-weed, weed-c ... | 2011 | 22696963 |
| structure-activity relationship of acetylenes from galls of hedera rhombea as plant growth inhibitors. | the structure-activity relationship of 12 isolated acetylenes from galls of hedera rhombea (araliaceae) induced by asphondylia sp. (cecidomyiidae) and their derivatives has been studied for the inhibition of the shoot and root growth of rice, perennial ryegrass, cockscomb, lettuce, and cress. almost all acetylenes generally showed growth inhibitory activity. the diacetylenes exhibited higher activity than the monoacetylenes, suggesting that a conjugated diyne segment is essential for the activit ... | 2013 | 16989313 |
| the determinant step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis by an endophyte of perennial ryegrass. | many cool-season grasses harbor fungal endophytes in the genus neotyphodium, which enhance host fitness, but some also produce metabolites--such as ergovaline--believed to cause livestock toxicoses. in claviceps species the first step in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis is thought to be dimethylallyltryptophan (dmat) synthase, encoded by dmaw, previously cloned from claviceps fusiformis. here we report the cloning and characterization of dmaw from neotyphodium sp. isolate lp1, an endophyte of perenni ... | 2004 | 14732265 |
| biochemical outcome of blocking the ergot alkaloid pathway of a grass endophyte. | neotyphodium sp. lp1, an endophytic fungus from perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), produces the mycotoxin ergovaline in infected grasses, whereas a mutant in which a particular peptide synthetase gene is knocked out does not. we examined the impact of this knockout on other constituents of the ergot alkaloid pathway. two simple lysergic acid amides, ergine and a previously undescribed amide, were eliminated by the knockout. lysergic acid accumulated in the knockout endophyte, but quantities we ... | 2003 | 14558758 |
| degradation of perennial ryegrass leaf and stem cell walls by the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix sp. strain cs3b. | the degradation of cell walls isolated from stems and leaves of perennial ryegrass by the anaerobic fungus neocallimastix sp. strain cs3b was studied in a defined medium. the combined cellulose and hemicellulose fraction represented 53.1 (wt/wt) and 63.3% (wt/wt) of the dry weight of control grass leaf and stem cell walls, respectively. in both leaf and stem cell walls, glucose was the major neutral monosaccharide, followed by xylose, arabinose, and galactose. after 2 days of fermentation with n ... | 1996 | 16535297 |
| description of trilineellus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. (tylenchorhynchinae: tylenchida thorne, 1949) with a key to species and observations on tylenchorhynchus sensu stricto. | trilineeilus clathrocutis n.g., n.sp. is described and illustrated. it was found as an associate of corn (zea mays) in stockton, georgia, usa, and is related to a group of tylenchorhynchus sensu lato species having three lines in nonareolated lateral fields. this new species is closely related to tylenehorhynehus divittatus siddiqi 1961, t. sculptus seinhorst 1963, and t. triglyphus seinhorst 1963 (syn. t. chonai sethi & swarup 1968) tarjan 1973. it differs from these species primarily by having ... | 1981 | 19300734 |
| isotopic fractionation associated with symbiotic n(2) fixation and uptake of no(3) by plants. | isotopic fractionation associated with n(2) fixation and no(3) (-) uptake by plants are relevant to the accuracy of estimates of n(2) fixation based on differences in the natural abundance of (15)n between n(2) fixing and nonfixing plants. the isotope effect on n(2) fixation by soybeans (glycine max [l] merrill, variety harosoy) and red clover (trifolium pratense [l]) was determined from the difference in (15)n abundance between atmospheric n(2) and the total n of plants grown hydroponically wit ... | 1980 | 16661392 |
| [responses of agricultural crops of free-air co2 enrichment]. | over the past decade, free-air co2 enrichment (face) experiments have been conducted on several agricultural crops: wheat(triticum aestivum l.), perennial ryegrass (lolium perenne), and rice(oryza sativa l.) which are c3 grasses; sorghum (sorghum bicolor (l.) möench), a c4 grass; white clover (trifolium repens), a c3 legume; potato (solanum tuberosum l.), a c3 forb with tuber storage; and cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) and grape (vitis vinifera l.) which are c3 woody perennials. using reports fr ... | 2002 | 12557686 |