| plant-parasitic nematode problems in the pacific islands. | the pacific islands have a diverse range of food and cash crops with indigenous and introduced nematode problems. the staple food crops have serious nematode pests, such as meloidogyne spp. on sweet potato, hirschmanniella miticausa causing corm rot of taro, and pratylenchus coffeae and radopholus sp. producing tuber dry rot of yams. bananas are infested with p. coffeae or r. similis, citrus with tylenchulus semipenetrans, rice with aphelenchoides besseyi, and ginger with meloidogyne spp. and r. ... | 1988 | 19290200 |
| purification and characterization of camel (camelus dromedarius) milk amylase. | skimmed camel milk contains 59,900 u/l amylase, which is 39,363 times less than serum and plasma amylase. camel milk beta-amylase was purified as a 61 kda band using deae-sepharose and sephadex g-100 and yielded 561 u/mg. the optimum working ph, km and temperature were 7.0, 13.6 mg/lstarch, 30-40 degrees c, respectively. the enzyme has been shown higher affinity toward amylose and soluble starch than glycogen, amylopectin, dextrin, or pullulan. magnesium chloride, cacl(2) and nacl activated the ... | 2009 | 19291574 |
| xiphidorus amazonensis n. sp. (nematoda: longidoridae) from the brazilian amazon basin. | xiphidorus amazonensis n. sp. was found in the rhizospheres of jatropha curcas, musa sp., anona muricata, cassia tora, panicum laxum, paspalum fasciculatum, aeschynomene sensitiva, saccharum officinarum, manihot esculenta, abelmoschus esculentus, tamarindus indica, mangifera indica, vigna unguiculata, zea mays, commelina sp., cyperus rotundus, fimbristylis miliacea, citrus sinensis, and eichhornia crassipes on the amazon river island of xiborena, approximately 40 km southeast of manaus, capital ... | 1985 | 19294098 |
| dose-dependent rnai-mediated geminivirus resistance in the tropical root crop cassava. | cassava mosaic disease is a major constraint for cassava production in africa, resulting in significant economic losses. we have engineered transgenic cassava with resistance to african cassava mosaic virus (acmv), by expressing acmv ac1-homologous hairpin double-strand rnas. transgenic cassava lines with high levels of ac1-homologous small rnas have acmv immunity with increasing viral load and different inoculation methods. we report a correlation between the expression of the ac1-homologous sm ... | 2009 | 19300911 |
| repeated-batch fermentation using flocculent hybrid, saccharomyces cerevisiae chfy0321 for efficient production of bioethanol. | in this study, the repeated-batch fermentation of liquefied cassava medium using the flocculent hybrid saccharomyces cerevisiae chfy0321 was investigated for semicontinuous, high-throughput production of bioethanol. cassava medium was selected due to the industrial requirement for a cheap starchy substrate. fermentations were performed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) with a set of ten batches successfully completing a series within the repeated fermentation process. in ad ... | 2009 | 19319524 |
| comparison of total tract digestibility, development of visceral organs and digestive tract of mong cai and yorkshire x landrace piglets fed diets with different fibre sources. | the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of piglet age and dietary fibre source on the development of visceral organs and the gastrointestinal tract (git), and on growth performance and total tract apparent digestibility (ttad) in local [pure-breed mong cai (mc)] and exotic [landrace x yorkshire (ly)] piglets. the experimental diets contained different fibre sources: c (basal diet), rb (basal diet + rice bran), spvm (basal diet + sweet potato vine meal) and crem (basal diet + cassava res ... | 2009 | 19320931 |
| saccharomycopsis fibuligera and its applications in biotechnology. | saccharomycopsis fibuligera is found to actively accumulate trehalose from starch and the gene responsible for biosynthesis of trehalose has been cloned and its expression has been characterized. this yeast is also found to secrete a large amount of amylases, acid protease and beta-glucosidase which have highly potential applications in fermentation industry. the genes encoding amylases, acid protease and beta-glucosidase in s. fibuligera have been cloned and characterized. it is also used to pr ... | 2009 | 19328842 |
| trace element levels in whole blood of riparian villagers of the brazilian amazon. | monitoring the nutritional status of essential elements is of critical importance in human health. however, trace element concentrations in biological fluids are affected by environmental and physiological parameters, and therefore considerable variations can occur between specific population subgroups. brazil is a large country with much food diversity. moreover, dietary habits differ from north to south. as an example, the traditional populations of the brazilian amazon basin are heavily depen ... | 2009 | 19329141 |
| removing allergens and reducing toxins from food crops. | genetic engineering is being applied to eliminate or substantially reduce plant-derived substances that can be harmful to human health in otherwise nutritious foods. post-transcriptional gene silencing, most recently via rna interference, has been used in efforts to remove allergens from rice, soybean, apple, tomato, and peanut. rna silencing has the potential to simultaneously alter expression of all members of a multi-gene family in a tissue-specific manner with little collateral change in the ... | 2009 | 19356919 |
| plant geminivirus rep protein induces rereplication in fission yeast. | the replication-associated protein (rep) of geminiviruses, single-stranded dna viruses of higher plants, is essential for virus replication. since these viruses do not encode their own polymerases, rep induces differentiated plant cells to reenter the cell cycle by interacting with the plant homologues of retinoblastoma proteins in order to activate the host dna synthesis machinery. we have used fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) as a model organism to analyze the impact of ectopically ex ... | 2009 | 19369323 |
| the role of changing diet and altitude on goitre prevalence in five regional states in ethiopia. | iodine deficiency disorders (idd) as one of the leading nutritional problems has been increasing through time due to iodine deficiency, aggravating factors and idd knowledge in many parts of ethiopia. the effect of changing diet and altitude on goitre prevalence is assessed. | 2008 | 19374318 |
| elevated blood lead levels in a riverside population in the brazilian amazon. | lead (pb) is recognized as one of the most toxic metals. sources of pb exposure have been widely documented in north america, and the removal of pb additives from gasoline was reflected in a dramatic lowering of blood pb concentration. in latin america, the removal of pb from gasoline resulted in decreased exposure, but pb levels in many areas remain high due to occupational and environmental sources of exposure. while many of the pb sources have been identified (mining, industries, battery recy ... | 2009 | 19389665 |
| simultaneous non-thermal saccharification of cassava pulp by multi-enzyme activity and ethanol fermentation by candida tropicalis. | cassava pulp, a solid by-product from starch processing, is a promising and underused biomass that can be converted to biofuels and other value-added bio-products. in this study, an alternative cassava pulp saccharification process, which utilizes the multi-activity enzyme from aspergillus niger bcc17849 and obviates the need for a pre-gelatinization step, was developed. the crude multi-enzyme composed of non-starch polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme activities, including cellulase, pectinase and ... | 2009 | 19393545 |
| continuous ethanol production from cassava through simultaneous saccharification and fermentation by self-flocculating yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae chfy0321. | in this study, a fermentor consisting of four linked stirred towers that can be used for simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) and for the accumulation of cell mass was applied to the continuous production of ethanol using cassava as the starchy material. for the continuous process with ssf, the pretreated cassava liquor and saccharification enzyme at total sugar concentrations of 175 g/l and 195 g/l were continuously fed to the fermentor with dilution rates of 0.014, 0.021, 0.031 ... | 2010 | 19396636 |
| high-hydroxypropylated tapioca starch improves insulin resistance in genetically diabetic kkay mice. | the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (hpts) with a varying degree of substitution (ds: 0.058, 0.091, and 0.180) was investigated in rats and kkay mice, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. the positive incremental area under the curve (iauc) for glucose significantly decreased as the ds of hpts increased. the iauc after intragastric intubation of the highest hpts (hpts-iii, ds = 0.180) was 55% of the iauc of tapioca starch (ts). after 28 d, fasting blood glucos ... | 2009 | 19397723 |
| uneven twins: comparison of two enantiocomplementary hydroxynitrile lyases with alpha/beta-hydrolase fold. | hydroxynitrile lyases (hnls) are applied in technical processes for the synthesis of chiral cyanohydrins. here we describe the thorough characterization of the recently discovered r-hydroxynitrile lyase from arabidopsis thaliana and its s-selective counterpart from manihot esculenta (mehnl) concerning their properties relevant for technical applications. the results are compared to available data of the structurally related s-hnl from hevea brasiliensis (hbhnl), which is frequently applied in te ... | 2009 | 19433222 |
| cassava wastewater as a substrate for the simultaneous production of rhamnolipids and polyhydroxyalkanoates by pseudomonas aeruginosa. | glycerol, cassava wastewater (cw), waste cooking oil and cw with waste frying oils were evaluated as alternative low-cost carbon substrates for the production of rhamnolipids and polyhydroxyalkanoates (phas) by various pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. the polymers and surfactants produced were characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (ms) and by high-performance liquid chromatography-ms, and their composition was found to vary with the carbon source and the strain used in the fe ... | 2009 | 19471980 |
| the microbiota of lafun, an african traditional cassava food product. | lafun is a fermented cassava food product consumed in parts of west africa. in the present work the microorganisms (aerobic bacteria (ab), lactic acid bacteria (lab) and yeasts) associated with the fermentation of lafun under traditional conditions have for the first time been studied using a combination of pheno- and genotypic methods. during lafun fermentation the ab count ranged from 6-7 log(10) cfu/g at the beginning to 9 log(10) cfu/g at the end. similarly, the number of lab increased from ... | 2009 | 19493582 |
| population genetics of manihot esculenta ssp. flabellifolia gives insight into past distribution of xeric vegetation in a postulated forest refugium area in northern amazonia. | the guianas have often been proposed as a forest refugium; however, this view has received little testing. studies of population genetics of forest taxa suggest that the central part of french guiana remained forested, while the southern part (currently forested) may have harboured more open vegetation. insights into the population structure of species restricted to non-forested habitats can help test this hypothesis. using six microsatellite loci, we investigated the population genetics of fren ... | 2009 | 19500251 |
| effect of feeding cassava and/or stylosanthes foliage on the performance of crossbred growing cattle. | the effect of feeding different levels of cassava foliage (manihot esculenta, crantz) and/or stylosanthes guianensis foliage on the growth and digestibility was studied using twenty eight 6-month-old crossbred growing cattle (50% local yellow cattle and 50% sindhi) (both bos indicus) weighing on average 114 kg at start. all animals were fed a basal diet consisting of urea treated rice straw (urtrs) fed ad libitum, 0.87 kg concentrate and 0.22 kg molasses on dry matter (dm) basis. the treatments ... | 2010 | 19521793 |
| ants as biological indicators of wayana amerindian land use in french guiana. | we examined the ecological impact of traditional land use by wayana amerindians in french guiana using ants as bio-indicators. ants were sampled through a rapid assessment method and the core results analyzed using kohonen's self-organizing maps (som). our sample sites included: (1) a wayana village; (2) a cassava plantation; (3) an abandoned cassava plantation; (4) a forest fragment near the village; (5) a riparian forest; and (6) a primary terra firma forest. the ant diversity decreases accord ... | 2009 | 19523607 |
| production of lactic acid and ethanol by rhizopus oryzae integrated with cassava pulp hydrolysis. | cassava pulp was hydrolyzed with acids or enzymes. a high glucose concentration (>100 g/l) was obtained from the hydrolysis with 1 n hcl at 121 degrees c, 15 min or with cellulase and amylases. while a high glucose yield (>0.85 g/g dry pulp) was obtained from the hydrolysis with hcl, enzymatic hydrolysis yielded only 0.4 g glucose/g dry pulp. these hydrolysates were used as the carbon source in fermentation by rhizopus oryzae nrrl395. r. oryzae could not grow in media containing the hydrolysates ... | 2010 | 19533174 |
| molecular characterization of the plant virus genus ourmiavirus and evidence of inter-kingdom reassortment of viral genome segments as its possible route of origin. | ourmia melon virus (oumv), epirus cherry virus (epcv) and cassava virus c (csvc) are three species placed in the genus ourmiavirus. we cloned and sequenced their rna genomes. the sizes of the three genomic rnas of oumv, the type member of the genus, were 2814, 1064 and 974 nt and each had one open reading frame. rna1 potentially encoded a 97.5 kda protein carrying the gdd motif typical of rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrps). the putative rdrps of ourmiaviruses are distantly related to known vi ... | 2009 | 19535502 |
| ammonium acetate enhances solvent production by clostridium acetobutylicum ea 2018 using cassava as a fermentation medium. | cassava, due to its high starch content and low cost, is a promising candidate substrate for large-scale fermentation processes aimed at producing the solvents acetone, butanol and ethanol (abe). however, the solvent yield from the fermentation of cassava reaches only 60% of that achieved by fermenting corn. we have found that the addition of ammonium acetate (ch(3)coonh(4)) to the cassava medium significantly promotes solvent production from cassava fermented by clostridium acetobutylicum ea 20 ... | 2009 | 19543929 |
| a nested case-control study of female breast cancer in karunagappally cohort in kerala, india. | lifestyle factors related to breast cancer risk were examined in a case-control study nested in a cohort in karunagappally, kerala, south india. we sought interviews with all the residents in karunagappally with the population of 385,103 (191,149 males and 193,954 females) in the 1991 census and established a cohort of 359,619 (93% of the population in 1991) in 1990. for analysis 264 breast cancer cases with age > or = 20 years were selected from 438 breast cancer cases reported during the perio ... | 2009 | 19548367 |
| [degradation of cyanide and maturity in cassava processing wastes composting]. | an investigation was carried out to approach the degradation of cyanide and maturity during the cassava processing wastes composting process. mixtures of cassava hull, cassava residues and pig manure were used in the experiment. parameters like temperature, ph, cyanide, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and c/n ratio were assessed during the composting process, the effect of composting process on the degradation of cyanide and maturity were evaluated. the results reveal that the content of cyanid ... | 2009 | 19558134 |
| toxic effects of prolonged administration of leaves of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) to goats. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) is a major source of dietary energy for humans and domestic animals in many tropical countries. however, consumption of cassava is limited by its characteristic content of cyanogenic glycosides. the present work aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of ingestion of cassava leaves by goats for 30 consecutive days, and to compare the results with the toxic effects of cyanide in goats, which have been described previously. eight alpine cross-bred female goats were d ... | 2010 | 19559583 |
| antimicrobial, mechanical, and barrier properties of cassava starch-chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil. | the physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of starch-chitosan films incorporated with oregano essential oil (oeo) have been investigated. the antimicrobial effects of starch-chitosan-oeo films against bacillus cereus, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, and staphylococcus aureus were determined by the disk inhibition zone method. the film mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (wvp), fourier transform infrared spectra (ftir), and thermograms (tga) were also determined. films ... | 2009 | 19627142 |
| cyanide removal from cassava mill wastewater using azotobactor vinelandii tistr 1094 with mixed microorganisms in activated sludge treatment system. | cassava mill wastewater has a high organic and cyanide content and is an important economic product of traditional and rural low technology agro-industry in many parts of the world. however, the wastewater is toxic and can pose serious threat to the environment and aquatic life in the receiving waters. the ability of azotobactor vinelandii tistr 1094, a n2-fixing bacterium, to grow and remove cyanide in cassava wastewater was evaluated. results revealed that the cells in the exponential phase re ... | 2009 | 19632039 |
| effects of cassava starch hydrolysate on cell growth and lipid accumulation of the heterotrophic microalgae chlorella protothecoides. | heterotrophic fermentation of microalgae has been shown to accumulate high amounts of microalgal lipids, which are regarded as one of the most promising feedstocks for sustainable biodiesel production. to increase the biomass and reduce the cost of microalgal culture, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of using cassava starch hydrolysate (csh) instead of glucose as carbon source for heterotrophic culture of chlorella protothecoides in flasks. first, the two-step enzymatic ... | 2009 | 19633877 |
| characterization of the cassava geminivirus transcription activation protein putative nuclear localization signal. | the geminivirus transcription activation protein (trap) localizes to the nucleus and contains a putative nuclear localization signal (nls) ((28)prrrr(32)) on the n-terminus. the role of individual residues of this putative nls on nuclear localization and symptom induction was investigated using trap of east african cassava mosaic cameroon virus (eacmcv). subcellular localization was conducted using the green fluorescent protein (gfp). results showed that the proline residue at position 28 (pro-2 ... | 2009 | 19665038 |
| in vitro estimates of iron bioavailability in some kenyan complementary foods. | iron-deficiency anemia is by far the most widespread micronutrient deficiency disease in the world, affecting more than 2 billion people. although there are multiple causes of anemia, its high prevalence among children-especially in developing countries such as kenya-is attributed to an inadequate intake of dietary iron. | 2009 | 19689093 |
| genotype-phenotype correlation in 9 patients with tropical pancreatitis and identified gene mutations. | the etiopathogenesis of tropical chronic pancreatitis (tcp) remains unclear. malnutrition, dietary toxins like cyanogens in cassava and micronutrient deficiency are proposed factors. the description and characterization of genetic factors in tcp has added a new dimension to the understanding of pathogenesis of the disease. however, there is sparse data on the association of tcp with cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) gene mutations. we report 8 patients of tcp with cftr g ... | 2009 | 19696993 |
| amylase production by saccharomycopsis fibuligera a11 in solid-state fermentation for hydrolysis of cassava starch. | the optimization of process parameters for high amylase production by saccharomycopsis fibuligera a11 in solid-state fermentation was carried out using central composite design. finally, the optimal parameters obtained with the response surface methodology (rsm) were moisture 610.0 ml/kg, inoculum 30.0 ml (od(600 nm) = 20.0)/kg, the amount ratio of wheat bran to rice husk 0.42, cassava starch concentration 20.0 g/kg, temperature 28 degrees c, and natural ph. under the optimized conditions, 4,296 ... | 2010 | 19701612 |
| the adenovirus-mediated linamarase/linamarin suicide system: a potential strategy for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. | suicide gene therapy, also known as gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy, has the potential to provide a cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), which is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide. linamarase from cassava is an enzyme that can hydrolyze the innocuous substrate linamarin into cyanide, which can block the mitochondrial respiratory chain of cells. to investigate whether linamarase and linamarin can be used for hcc treatment, a recombinant adenovirus carrying linamarase cdna was con ... | 2010 | 19733963 |
| gene-based microsatellites for cassava (manihot esculenta crantz): prevalence, polymorphisms, and cross-taxa utility. | cassava (manihot esculenta crantz), a starchy root crop grown in tropical and subtropical climates, is the sixth most important crop in the world after wheat, rice, maize, potato and barley. the repertoire of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers for cassava is limited and warrants a need for a larger number of polymorphic ssrs for germplasm characterization and breeding applications. | 2009 | 19747391 |
| production of acetone-butanol-ethanol (abe) in direct fermentation of cassava by clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum n1-4. | in this work, acetone-butanol-ethanol (abe) fermentation characteristics of cassava starch and cassava chips when using clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum n1-4 was presented. the obtained results in batch mode using a 1-l fermenter showed that c. saccharoperbutylacetonicum n1-4 was a hyperamylolytic strain and capable of producing solvents efficiently from cassava starch and cassava chips, which was comparable to when glucose was used. batch fermentation of cassava starch and cassava chips r ... | 2010 | 19771401 |
| comparative nutritive value of cassava leaf meal, soya beans, fish meal and casein in diets for growing pigs. | a trial was conducted to investigate energy and nutrient digestibility of cassava leaf meal (clm), casein (cas), fish meal (fm), full-fat soya bean (ffsb) and extracted soya bean meal (sbm). the basal diet containing cassava root meal (crm) and ffsb meal and the other five dietary treatments were evaluated with 12 crossbred castrated male pigs in a metabolism study covering three successive experimental periods between 40 and 60 kg body weight (bw). total tract digestibility of dry matter (dm), ... | 2004 | 19774760 |
| [application of icp-ms to detection of mineral elements and heavy metals in cassava's byproducts]. | cassava is a main cultivated tropical crop in china, its rich starch roots are often used to produce fuel ethanol in recent years, so it's a kind of hot biomass energy crops. but cassava's byproducts such as leaves, stems and peels are regarded as waste, and are not fully utilized. cassava's byproducts contain many nutrients, and can be used to process high value food products. the contents of mineral elements and heavy metals in cassava's byproducts were studied by icp-ms. the results showed th ... | 2009 | 19798987 |
| searching for new clues about the molecular cause of endomyocardial fibrosis by way of in silico proteomics and analytical chemistry. | endomyocardial fibrosis (emf) -is a chronic inflammatory disease of the heart with related pathology to that of late stage chaga's disease. indeed, both diseases are thought to result from auto-immune responses against myocardial tissue. as is the case that molecular mimicry between the acidic termini of trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal p0, p1 and p2beta (or simply tcp0, tcp1, and tcp2beta) proteins and myocardial tissue causes chaga's disease, excessive exposure to certain infections, toxins includi ... | 2009 | 19823676 |
| a case-control study of roles of diet in colorectal carcinoma in a south indian population. | the worldwide incidence of colorectal cancer has increased rapidly in the past few decades and dietary habits have been implicated in the cause. though the indian diet varies substantially from western diet, there have not been detailed studies on any association. | 2009 | 19827870 |
| chapter 50: history of tropical neurology. | tropical neurology began less than two centuries ago. consumption of dietary toxins predominated at the beginning and gave birth to the geographic entity. the story moved from lathyrism through jamaican neuropathy to cassava-induced epidemic neuropathy, which was contrasted with konzo, also associated with cassava. other tropical diseases enumerated with chronological details include: chaga's diseases, kwashiorkor, madras type of motor neuron disease, atlanto-axial dislocation, burkitt's lymphom ... | 2010 | 19892153 |
| hydroxypropylated tapioca starch retards the development of insulin resistance in kkay mice, a type 2 diabetes model, fed a high-fat diet. | the hypoglycemic and antidiabetic effect of hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (hpts, degree of substitution = 0.180) was investigated in male kkay mice. mice were fed a purified high-fat (20%) diet without or with hpts (5% or 10%) for 33 d. gelatinized tapioca starch (ts) was used as a reference. fasting blood glucose concentrations, days 14 and 28, were significantly lower in the 10% hpts group compared with the reference. in an oral glucose tolerance test (ogtt), day 28, blood glucose concentration ... | 2009 | 19895475 |
| genotypic diversity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from african traditional alkaline-fermented foods. | to identify and compare lactic acid bacteria (lab) isolated from alkaline fermentations of cassava (manihot esculenta crantz) leaves, roselle (hibiscus sabdariffa) and african locust bean (parkia biglobosa) seeds for production of, respectively, ntoba mbodi, bikalga and soumbala. | 2010 | 19895650 |
| chemical composition of eucalyptus spp. essential oils and their insecticidal effects on lutzomyia longipalpis. | the chemical composition of essential oils from three species of plants belonging to the eucalyptus genus was determined and, their insecticidal effects on egg, larva and adult phases of lutzomyia longipalpis were assessed. the insects were collected in the municipality of sobral in the state of ceará, brazil. five treatments with different concentrations were performed along with two negative controls, distilled water and tween 80 (3%), and a positive control, cypermethrin (0.196mg/ml). the tes ... | 2010 | 19896276 |
| weissella beninensis sp. nov., a motile lactic acid bacterium from submerged cassava fermentations, and emended description of the genus weissella. | four gram-positive, catalase-negative, short rod-shaped or coccoid, heterofermentative lactic acid bacterial strains (2l24p13(t), 1l48p15, 1l24p31 and 1l24p34) with unusual phenotypic and genotypic properties were isolated from submerged fermenting cassava on mrs agar. all strains were motile, grew at 15 degrees c, produced dl-lactic acid from glucose with gas formation and produced ammonia from arginine. acid was produced from d-fructose, d-galactose, d-glucose, lactose, maltose, d-mannose, mel ... | 2010 | 19897612 |
| screening and production study of microbial xylanase producers from brazilian cerrado. | hemicelluloses are polysaccharides of low molecular weight containing 100 to 200 glycosidic residues. in plants, the xylans or the hemicelluloses are situated between the lignin and the collection of cellulose fibers underneath. the xylan is the most common hemicellulosic polysaccharide in cell walls of land plants, comprising a backbone of xylose residues linked by beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds. so, xylanolytic enzymes from microorganism have attracted a great deal of attention in the last decade, ... | 2010 | 19898784 |
| biodiversity and phytase capacity of yeasts isolated from tanzanian togwa. | the focus of the present investigation was on the tanzanian fermented food togwa as a source for dietary iron and zinc, and the potential for mineral availability improvements using selected yeasts. to establish the content of target minerals and main inhibitor for intestinal uptake, iron and zinc as well as the mineral chelating phytic acid, (ip(6) or phytate) were determined in naturally fermented togwa. yeasts were isolated from sorghum, maize and cassava based togwa, and identified by sequen ... | 2010 | 19906458 |
| yeast microflora isolated from brazilian cassava roots: taxonomical classification based on molecular identification. | a rapid molecular identification technique was applied on microbial microflora isolated from brazilian cassava roots given a yeast profile presented in the samples analyzed. a total of 24 strain isolated from cassava were initially grouped and identified in five groups using restriction-fragment length polymorphism (rflps) of 5.8s-its rdna region. sequencing analysis of the domains d1 and d2 of the 26s rrna gene or 5.8s rrna-its region were used to identify different groups of yeasts. representa ... | 2010 | 19924478 |
| the targets of acetone cyanohydrin neurotoxicity in the rat are not the ones expected in an animal model of konzo. | konzo is a neurotoxic motor disease caused by excess consumption of insufficiently processed cassava. cassava contains the cyanogenic glucoside linamarin, but konzo does not present the known pathological effects of cyanide. we hypothesized that the aglycone of linamarin, acetone cyanohydrin, may be the cause of konzo. this nitrile rapidly decomposes into cyanide and acetone, but the particular exposure and nutrition conditions involved in the emergence of konzo may favor its stabilization and s ... | 2010 | 19932169 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable embryogenic calli and regeneration of transgenic cassava. | agrobacterium-mediated transformation of friable embryogenic calli (fec) is the most widely used method to generate transgenic cassava plants. however, this approach has proven to be time-consuming and can lead to changes in the morphology and quality of fec, influencing regeneration capacity and plant health. here we present a comprehensive, reliable and improved protocol, taking approximately 6 months, that optimizes agrobacterium-mediated transformation of fec from cassava model cultivar tms6 ... | 2009 | 20010938 |
| flexible feeding on cultivated underground storage organs by rainforest-dwelling chimpanzees at bossou, west africa. | it has been proposed that exploitation of underground storage organs (usos) played an important role in the evolution of the genus homo, these items serving as 'fallback foods' during periods of low food availability. the use of usos as food by wild chimpanzees is infrequent and seen mostly in populations inhabiting relatively arid environments, such as the savanna. here, we specifically test the hypothesis that chimpanzees (pan troglodytes verus) inhabiting tropical wet forest at bossou (republ ... | 2010 | 20080283 |
| characterization of hyperthermostable alpha-amylase from geobacillus sp. iiptn. | a newly isolated geobacillus sp. iiptn (mtcc 5319) from the hot spring of uttarakhand's himalayan region produced a hyperthermostable alpha-amylase. the microorganism was characterized by biochemical tests and 16s rrna gene sequencing. the optimal temperature and ph were 60 degrees c and 6.5, respectively, for growth and enzyme production. although it was able to grow in temperature ranges from 50 to 80 degrees c and ph 5.5-8.5. maximum enzyme production was in exponential phase with activity 13 ... | 2010 | 20094713 |
| the complete genome sequence of the tanzanian strain of cassava brown streak virus and comparison with the ugandan strain sequence. | the complete genome sequence for an isolate of the ugandan and tanzanian strain types of cassava brown streak virus have been determined using the novel approach of non-directed next generation sequencing. comparison of the genome sequences revealed that cbsv is highly heterogeneous at the isolate level as well as the strain level. the isolate of the ugandan strain was found to have a genome 9,070 nucleotides long coding for a polypeptide with 2,902 amino acid residues. the isolate of the tanzan ... | 2010 | 20094895 |
| [an item response theory analysis of the four-card selection task]. | the four-card selection task (wason, 1966) is one of the best known tasks used in the literatures of human reasoning. this article analyzes this selection task by using item response theory (lord & novick, 1968). japanese undergraduates (n = 323) responded six types of the wason's selection tasks including indicative task (wason, 1966), beer task (griggs & cox, 1982), and cassava task (cosmides, 1989). an exploratory categorical factor analysis revealed a one factor structure of the six tasks. t ... | 2009 | 20095447 |
| fermentative production of l(+)-lactic acid using hydrolyzed acorn starch, persimmon juice and wheat bran hydrolysate as nutrients. | the use of hydrolyzed acorn starch as a novel carbon source for l(+)-lactic acid production was proposed. the effects of carbon-nitrogen ratio and growth factor on the fermentations were studied by single factor experiments. a lower carbon-nitrogen ratio could enhance l(+)-lactic acid production, and the expensive yeast extract could be replaced by the cheap persimmon juice providing growth factor for l(+)-lactic acid production when wheat bran hydrolysate was used as the nitrogen source. the do ... | 2010 | 20116239 |
| an efficient treatment for detoxification process of cassava starch by plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. | the objective of this work was to remove linamarin in starch from cassava (manihot esculenta crantz cv. ku-50) roots, a high-cyanogen variety by using plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, xylanase and cellulase. the combination of xylanase from bacillus firmus k-1 and xylanase and cellulase from paenibacillus curdlanolyticus b-6 at the ratio of 1:9 showed the maximum synergism at 1.8 times for hydrolyzing cassava cortex cell walls and releasing linamarase. combined enzyme treatment enhanced linama ... | 2010 | 20129074 |
| antimicrobial activities of tapioca starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum coatings containing green tea extracts in fruit-based salads, romaine hearts and pork slices. | the antimicrobial activities of edible coatings based on a tapioca starch/decolorized hsian-tsao leaf gum (dhg) matrix with various green tea extracts (gtes) were evaluated. its effect on the shelf-life extension of fruit-based salads, romaine hearts, and pork slices were investigated as well. three types of gtes from hot water (80 degrees c) (w), 40% (e4) and 80% (e8) ethanol were prepared. it was found that all gtes showed pronounced inhibition on gram positive bacteria in agar media, includin ... | 2010 | 20138382 |
| conversion of cassava wastes for biofertilizer production using phosphate solubilizing fungi. | two fungi characterized as aspergillus fumigatus and aspergillus niger, isolated from decaying cassava peels were used to convert cassava wastes by the semi-solid fermentation technique to phosphate biofertilizer. the isolates solubilized ca(3)(po(4))(2), alpo(4) and fepo(4) in liquid pikovskaya medium, a process that was accompanied by acid production. medium for the ssf fermentation was composed of 1% raw cassava starch and 3% poultry droppings as nutrients and 96% ground (0.5-1.5mm) dried cas ... | 2010 | 20138509 |
| lactic acid production from cassava fibrous residue using lactobacillus plantarum mtcc 1407. | during extraction of starch from cassava, fibrous residue is a major waste released into the environment. owing to the high starch content (60-65% on dry weight basis) and organic matter of cassava fibrous residue (cfr), an attempt has been made to utilize it for the production of lactic acid (la) in semi solid state fermentation using mann rogassa sharpe medium containing [5 % (wv(-1))] cfr in lieu of glucose [2% (wv(-1))] as the carbon source. response surface methodology (rsm) was used to eva ... | 2009 | 20143717 |
| developmenrt of est-ssr and genomic-ssr markers to assess genetic diversity in jatropha curcas l. | abstract: | 2010 | 20181259 |
| consuming cassava as a staple food places children 2-5 years old at risk for inadequate protein intake, an observational study in kenya and nigeria. | inadequate protein intake is known to be deleterious in animals. using who consensus documents for human nutrient requirements, the protein:energy ratio (p:e) of an adequate diet is > 5%. cassava has a very low protein content. this study tested the hypothesis that nigerian and kenyan children consuming cassava as their staple food are at greater risk for inadequate dietary protein intake than those children who consume less cassava. | 2010 | 20187960 |
| a new strain of indian cassava mosaic virus causes a mosaic disease in the biodiesel crop jatropha curcas. | jatropha curcas mosaic disease is a newly emerging disease that challenges the productivity of a prospective biofuel crop, j. curcas. the aetiology of this disease has not been resolved. here, we report the complete nucleotide sequences of a jatropha virus isolated from dharwad, southern india. phylogenetic analysis of the virus genome suggests it is a new strain of indian cassava mosaic virus. agroinfiltration of the two cloned viral dna components produced systemic infection and typical mosaic ... | 2010 | 20224893 |
| improved yields of cyclic nigerosylnigerose from starch by pretreatment with a thermostable branching enzyme. | cyclic nigerosylnigerose (cnn) is produced enzymatically from starch by the combined action of 6-alpha-glucosyltransferase and 3-alpha-isomaltosyltransferase. in our previous study, alpha-1,6-branching chains found in the structure of amylopectin and glycogen were shown to be favorable for cnn formation by the two enzymes. therefore, we examined whether the introduction of alpha-1,6-branch points into starch using the action of branching enzyme (be) could improve the yield of cnn from starch. th ... | 2010 | 20226381 |
| small ruminant feed systems: perceptions and practices in the transitional zone of ghana. | adequate feeding is essential to realizing the potential of small ruminants to alleviate poverty among smallholder farmers. this study was conducted in two villages in the ejura-sekyedumase district of ghana and was motivated by farmers' non-adoption of modern feed technologies, but more importantly by the need to understand the small ruminant feed system considering farmers' different socio-economic backgrounds and how these relate to small ruminant performance. in this study, the feed system w ... | 2010 | 20298617 |
| differential interaction between cassava mosaic geminiviruses and geminivirus satellites. | geminiviruses are often associated with subviral agents called dna satellites that require proteins encoded by the helper virus for their replication, movement and encapsidation. hitherto, most of the single-stranded dna satellites reported to be associated with members of the family geminiviridae have been associated with monopartite begomoviruses. cassava mosaic disease is known to be caused by viruses belonging to nine different begomovirus species in the african continent and the indian subc ... | 2010 | 20335493 |
| [enhancing ethanol production using thermophilic yeast by response surface methodology]. | we optimized the conditions of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) from cassava flour into high-concentration ethanol by thermophilic yeast gxasy-10. based on the single factor experiment, we screened the important parameters by plackeet-burman design. we used the path of steepest ascent to approach to the biggest region of ethanol production subsequently. then, we obtained the optimum values of the parameters by box-behnken design. the results showed that the important paramete ... | 2010 | 20353091 |
| short-duration cassava genotypes for crop diversification in the humid tropics: growth dynamics, biomass, yield and quality. | short-duration (6-7 months) cassava provides opportunities to smallholder farmers for effective utilisation of resources such as land, moisture and nutrients as well as diversification of enterprise and income. the variation in biomass production and partitioning, seasonal course of growth indices, yield, quality and nutrient uptake of ten short-duration/early-bulking genotypes of cassava and their impact on nutrient contents in soil in a lowland situation akin to rice fallow were examined in th ... | 2010 | 20355030 |
| a novel full recycling process through two-stage anaerobic treatment of distillery wastewater for bioethanol production from cassava. | in the present study, a novel full recycling process for bioethanol production was investigated, where three mathematical models were established to simulate the accumulation of major soluble inhibitory substances, including organic compounds, total ions, volatile fatty acids (vfas) and colorants. these inhibitory substances in the reused water reached a relative steady state after 3-7 batches of anaerobic treatment and recycling process, which coincided with the results of mathematical models. ... | 2010 | 20363557 |
| the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation and mulch of contrasting chemical composition on the yield of cassava under humid tropical conditions. | the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (amf), glomus deserticola, and leaf mulch from gliricidia sepium and senna siamea on the yield of cassava (manihot esculenta) in a degraded alfisol of southwestern nigeria was investigated. inoculation in conjunction with mulching increased cassava tuber yield by 40-278% over the control. the highest yield was obtained with g. sepium and s. siamea mulch applied together in equal proportions. the results are explained in the light of the growth-enhan ... | 2010 | 20364236 |
| malaria knowledge and agricultural practices that promote mosquito breeding in two rural farming communities in oyo state, nigeria. | agricultural practices such as the use of irrigation during rice cultivation, the use of ponds for fish farming and the storage of water in tanks for livestock provide suitable breeding grounds for anthropophylic mosquitoes. the most common anthropophylic mosquito in nigeria which causes much of the morbidity and mortality associated with malaria is the anopheles mosquito. farmers are therefore at high risk of malaria - a disease which seriously impacts on agricultural productivity. unfortunatel ... | 2010 | 20380703 |
| pre-columbian agricultural landscapes, ecosystem engineers, and self-organized patchiness in amazonia. | the scale and nature of pre-columbian human impacts in amazonia are currently hotly debated. whereas pre-columbian people dramatically changed the distribution and abundance of species and habitats in some parts of amazonia, their impact in other parts is less clear. pioneer research asked whether their effects reached even further, changing how ecosystems function, but few in-depth studies have examined mechanisms underpinning the resilience of these modifications. combining archeology, archeob ... | 2010 | 20385814 |
| determination of dynamic characteristics of microbiota in a fermented beverage produced by brazilian amerindians using culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. | cauim is a fermented beverages prepared by tapirapé amerindians in brazil from substrates such as cassava, rice, peanuts, pumpkin, cotton seed and maize. here we study the microorganisms associated with peanut and rice fermentation using a combination of culture-dependent and -independent methods. the bacterial population varied from 7.4 to 8.4 log cfu/ml. the yeast population varied from 4.0 to 6.6 log cfu/ml. a total of 297 bacteria and yeasts strains were isolated during fermentation, with 19 ... | 2010 | 20413168 |
| influence of different substrates on the production of a mutant thermostable glucoamylase in submerged fermentation. | three mutations, ser54→pro, thr314→ala, and his415→tyr, were identified in aspergillus awamori glucoamylase gene expressed by saccharomyces cerevisiae. the mutant glucoamylase (ga) was substantially more thermostable than a wild-type ga at 70 °c, with a 3.0 kj mol(-1) increase in the free energy of thermo-inactivation. the effect of starch from different botanical sources on the production of this ga was measured in liquid fermentation using commercial soluble starch, cassava, potato, and corn a ... | 2011 | 20414741 |
| protein and starch concentrates of air-classified field pea and zero-tannin faba bean for weaned pigs. | air-classified pulse (non-oilseed legume) protein and starch may replace specialty protein and starch feedstuffs in diets for weaned pigs. in exp. 1, three specialty protein sources (5% soy protein concentrate, 5% corn gluten meal, and 5% menhaden meal in the control diet) were replaced with 16% zero-tannin hulled or dehulled faba bean, or 17.5% field pea protein concentrate. in total, 192 group-housed pigs (2 gilts and 2 barrows per pen; bw = 7.5 +/- 1.4 kg) were fed wheat-based diets (3.60 mca ... | 2010 | 20453087 |
| isolation and characterization of ethanol-producing schizosaccharomyces pombe chfy0201. | ethanol-producing yeast strain, chfy0201 was isolated from soil in south korea using an enrichment technique in a yeast peptone dextrose medium supplemented with 5% (w/v) ethanol at 30 degrees c. the phenotypic and physiological characteristics, as well as molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the d1/d2 domains of the large subunit (26s) rdna gene and the internally transcribed spacer (its) 1+2 regions suggested that the chfy0201 was novel strain of schizosaccharomyces pombe. during shaking f ... | 2010 | 20467261 |
| effective ethanol production by reutilizing waste distillage anaerobic digestion effluent in an integrated fermentation process coupled with both ethanol and methane fermentations. | an integrated ethanol-methane fermentation coupled system characterized with full wastewater reutilization was proposed. the waste distillage originated from ethanol distillation was treated with anaerobic digestion and then recycled for medium preparation in the next ethanol fermentation run. this process could enhance wastewater reutilization, save fresh water and reduce energy consumption in the cassava-based ethanol production. the results indicated that, when using anaerobic effluents from ... | 2010 | 20473528 |
| hiv and hepatocellular and esophageal carcinomas related to consumption of mycotoxin-prone foods in sub-saharan africa. | promotion of the hiv epidemic by aflatoxin is postulated but not yet established. sub-saharan populations commonly consume food contaminated by mycotoxins, particularly aflatoxins (predominantly found in peanut, maize, rice, and cassava) and fumonisins, which occur primarily in maize. aflatoxin promotes hepatocellular cancer, and fumonisin may promote esophageal cancer. | 2010 | 20484447 |
| effects of supplementing rice straw with leucaena (leucaena leucocephala) and madras thorn (pithecellobium dulce) foliages on digestibility, microbial n supply and nitrogen balance of growing goats. | a total of 12 crossbred (boer × anglo-nubian) goats were chosen from a commercial farm on the basis of similar body weight (25.0 ± 3.1 kg). the goats were housed in individual pens and allowed 3 weeks to adapt to experimental conditions. the goats were randomly allocated to three treatments in a 3 × 3 latin square experiment (replicated four times). within each period, each goat was given rice straw as roughage plus the respective treatment diet. the diets were iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic ... | 2010 | 20487095 |
| evaluation of nondigested carbohydrates in hydroxypropylated tapioca starch. | in vitro and in vivo digestibilities of hydroxypropyl starch were investigated to determine an appropriate nondigested carbohydrate assaying method for hydroxypropyl starch. hydroxypropyl tapioca starch (hpts), with a 0.338 degree of substitution, was used as a hydroxypropyl starch source. practically all nondigested carbohydrate in hpts was low molecular weight and was not precipitated in 78% ethanol. the contents of nondigested carbohydrate in hpts and in effluents of ileorectomized rats fed t ... | 2010 | 20492172 |
| feeding and performance of pigs in smallholder production systems in northern lao pdr. | a survey was carried out in the north of lao pdr to study feeding systems and the performance of pigs in smallholder systems. a total of 341 farmers from five provinces were interviewed. to feed their pigs, farmers mainly rely on feedstuffs produced on the farm and collected from areas near the village. the feedstuffs used included by-products such as rice bran and distiller's waste, planted feeds, mainly maize and cassava, and various green plant materials. the feedstuffs used are usually high ... | 2010 | 20517643 |
| chemical composition and in sacco degradability of four varieties of cassava leaves grown in southwestern nigeria in the rumen of sheep. | the nutritive value of leaves of four varieties of cassava (ms 6, tms 30555, idileruwa and tms 30572) were studied through analysis of their chemical components and degradability of their dry matter (dm) and crude protein (cp) in the rumen of sheep. results of the chemical analyses showed that the leaves of the four varieties contained different proportions of organic matter which was significantly (p < 0.05) highest in tms 30572 with value of 935 g/kg dm, while cp (gram per kilogramme dm) was s ... | 2010 | 20521108 |
| cancer risk assessment of ethyl carbamate in alcoholic beverages from brazil with special consideration to the spirits cachaça and tiquira. | ethyl carbamate (ec) is a multi-site carcinogen in experimental animals and probably carcinogenic to humans (iarc group 2a). traces of ec below health-relevant ranges naturally occur in several fermented foods and beverages, while higher concentrations above 1 mg/l are regularly detected in only certain spirits derived from cyanogenic plants. in brazil this concerns the sugarcane spirit cachaça and the manioc (cassava) spirit tiquira, which both regularly exceed the national ec limit of 0.15 mg/ ... | 2010 | 20529350 |
| drought tolerant stem anatomy characteristics in manihot esculenta (euphorbiaceae) and a wild relative. | the stem structure of two cassava cultivars, unb 99 and unb 110, known for being adapted to humid conditions and tolerant to drought, respectively, and of a wild species, manihot glaziovii, was examined anatomically. free-hand sections of secondary stems were made, clarified with 50% sodium hypochlorite solution, stained with 1% alcian-blue safranin, and then passed through an ethanol series and butyl acetate, followed by mounting in synthetic resin. m. glaziovii stems had dense prismatic and dr ... | 2010 | 20533197 |
| on the biomarkers and mechanisms of konzo, a distinct upper motor neuron disease associated with food (cassava) cyanogenic exposure. | konzo is a self-limiting central motor-system disease associated with food dependency on cassava and low dietary intake of sulfur amino acids (saa). under conditions of saa-deficiency, ingested cassava cyanogens yield metabolites that include thiocyanate and cyanate, a protein-carbamoylating agent. we studied the physical and biochemical modifications of rat serum and spinal cord proteins arising from intoxication of young adult rats with 50-200mg/kg linamarin, or 200mg/kg sodium cyanate (naocn) ... | 2011 | 20538033 |
| idiopathic chronic pancreatitis in india: phenotypic characterisation and strong genetic susceptibility due to spink1 and cftr gene mutations. | to study the genetic predisposition, phenotype and prognosis of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis (cp). | 2010 | 20551465 |
| efficient production of active form recombinant cassava hydroxynitrile lyase using escherichia coli in low-temperature culture. | hydroxynitrile lyase (mehnl, ec 4.1.2.39) is a useful enzyme for production of optically active cyanohydrin compounds. production of mehnl can be increased by substituting rare codons of the natural sequence of cassava (manihot esculenta) mehnl. however, most of the mehnl produced by this method was in an insoluble form in escherichia coli expression system. in order to increase the productivity of active form of mehnl, the effects of cultivation temperature were investigated. when the cultivati ... | 2010 | 20552449 |
| development of starter culture for improved processing of lafun, an african fermented cassava food product. | to select appropriate micro-organisms to be used as starter culture for reliable and reproducible fermentation of lafun. | 2010 | 20553347 |
| a new unifying hypothesis for lathyrism, konzo and tropical ataxic neuropathy: nitriles are the causative agents. | konzo and lathyrism are associated with consumption of cassava and grass pea, respectively. cassava consumption has also been associated with a third disease, tropical ataxic neuropathy (tan). this review presents a new unifying hypothesis on the causative agents for these diseases: namely, that they are nitriles, compounds containing cyano groups. the diseases may be caused by different but similar nitriles through direct neurotoxic actions not mediated by systemic cyanide release. both cassava ... | 2011 | 20553991 |
| the fine structure of cassava starch amylopectin. part 2: building block structure of clusters. | the aim of this work was to analyse the organization of unit chains inside clusters of cassava amylopectin. beta-limit dextrins of the clusters and partly fragmented clusters (sub-clusters) were isolated previously [laohaphatanaleart et al., int. j. biol. macromol. (2010) doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2010.01.0049] and were now hydrolysed extensively with the alpha-amylase (liquefying type) of bacillus subtilis into small, branched building blocks. the blocks were size-fractionated and characterized st ... | 2010 | 20561968 |
| improvement of l(+)-lactic acid production from cassava wastewater by lactobacillus rhamnosus b 103. | l(+)-lactic acid is used in the pharmaceutical, textile and food industries as well as in the synthesis of biodegradable plastics. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different medium components added in cassava wastewater for the production of l(+)-lactic acid by lactobacillus rhamnosus b 103. | 2010 | 20564419 |
| identification of genes in cassava that are differentially expressed during infection with xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. | summary the cdna-amplified fragment length polymorphism approach was used to identify differentially expressed transcripts from cassava infected by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (xam). approximately 3600 transcript-derived fragments (tdfs) were screened of which 340 were isolated. the nucleotide sequences of 250 tdfs were analysed and assembled into contigs and singletons. the amino acid sequences of their predicted products were compared with entries in databases and 63 of these clones s ... | 2004 | 20565629 |
| cdna-aflp reveals genes differentially expressed during the hypersensitive response of cassava. | summary the tropical staple cassava is subject to several major diseases, such as cassava bacterial blight, caused by xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis. disease-resistant genotypes afford the only practical solution, yet despite the global importance of this crop, little is known about its defence mechanisms. cdna-aflp was used to isolate cassava genes differentially expressed during the hypersensitive reaction (hr) of leaves in response to an incompatible pseudomonas syringae pathovar. seven ... | 2005 | 20565643 |
| differential roles of geminivirus rep and ac4 (c4) in the induction of necrosis in nicotiana benthamiana. | summary the replication-associated protein (rep) of two distinct begomoviruses, the bipartite african cassava mosaic virus (acmv) and the monopartite tomato yellow leaf curl virus-china (tylcv-c), elicits a reaction resembling a hypersensitive response (hr), associated with the induction of local necrosis and a systemic burst of hydrogen peroxide production, when expressed from a potato virus x vector in nicotiana benthamiana. transient expression of the acmv rep after agrobacterium infiltration ... | 2002 | 20569353 |
| efficient production of l-lactic acid from cassava powder by lactobacillus rhamnosus. | cassava is one of the most efficient and rich crops in terms of carbohydrate production, which is a tropical perennial plant that grows on poor or depleted soils. microbial conversion of such a renewable raw material to useful products is an important objective in industrial biotechnology. l-lactic acid was efficiently produced from cassava powder by a lactobacillus rhamnosus strain casl. the fermentation properties of cassava powder were compared with those of glucose and corn powder. the effic ... | 2010 | 20627717 |
| drivers of land use change and household determinants of sustainability in smallholder farming systems of eastern uganda. | smallholder farming systems in sub-saharan africa have undergone changes in land use, productivity and sustainability. understanding of the drivers that have led to changes in land use in these systems and factors that influence the systems' sustainability is useful to guide appropriate targeting of intervention strategies for improvement. we studied low input teso farming systems in eastern uganda from 1960 to 2001 in a place-based analysis combined with a comparative analysis of similar low in ... | 2010 | 20628448 |
| in vitro effects of cassava (manihot esculenta) leaf extracts on four development stages of haemonchus contortus. | three extracts (aqueous, methanolic and dichloromethane) of manihot esculenta (cassava) leaf were tested in vitro on four development stages of haemonchus contortus using egg hatch assay (eha), larval development assay (lda), l3 migration inhibition assay (lmi) and adult worm motility assay (awm). compared to the negative control, significant effects (p<0.0001) were observed for the methanolic extract of leaf against larval development (57.6% +/-7.6), with a dose dependent effect. these results ... | 2010 | 20638799 |
| life history analysis of hiv/aids-affected households in rice and cassava-based farming communities in northern malawi. | the "new variant famine" hypothesis proposed that aids offers a major challenge to food security in this part of africa by impairing the functioning of traditional support systems, leading to the collapse of "social immunity". this study explores the changing perceptions of hiv and aids and peoples' responses to its impact by eliciting life history narratives of 30 respondents in northern malawi. we classified respondents by means of gender, livelihood systems and aids impact levels. respondents ... | 2010 | 20640952 |
| replacement effects of panicum maximum with ficus polita on performance of west african dwarf goats. | the replacement value of ficus polita for panicum maximum was evaluated on 32 female post-weaned west african dwarfs goats. ficus polita was fed with p. maximum at different proportions of 0:90 (f. polita:p. maximum), 30:60, 60:30 and 90:0 constituting diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. each diet was supplemented with 10% cassava peels. dry matter intake per kg metabolic weight of goats was not significantly (p> 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. however, crude protein intake per kg meta ... | 2011 | 20666857 |
| dual infection by cassava begomoviruses in two leguminous species (fabaceae) in yangambi, northeastern democratic republic of congo. | a study on cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted around yangambi (dr congo) by sampling 10 different leguminous species with or without symptoms similar to cassava mosaic disease. dna was isolated to amplify cmbs using primers targeting ac2 and ac4 genes for virus detection by pcr. the results showed a dual infection by acmv and eacmv in two weed species, centrosema pubescens and pueraria javanica, associated with mosaic symptoms. the dna-a genome component of acmv and eacmv from the infest ... | 2010 | 20680361 |