| isolation of a cdna encoding an arabidopsis galactokinase by functional expression in yeast. | a cdna clone encoding arabidopsis thaliana galactokinase was fortuitously isolated during the course of a screen for plant homologues of a saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisome assembly gene, pas9. clones were sought which restored the ability of pas9 cells to grow on oleate as a sole carbon source, as oleate metabolism requires peroxisomal beta-oxidation and therefore functional peroxisomes. subsequent experiments showed that high level expression of the galactokinase cdna did not complement the ... | 1997 | 9225860 |
| antisense expression of the peptide transport gene atptr2-b delays flowering and arrests seed development in transgenic arabidopsis plants. | previously, we identified a peptide transport gene, atptr2-b, from arabidopsis thaliana that was constitutively expressed in all plant organs, suggesting an important physiological role in plant growth and development. to evaluate the function of this transporter, transgenic arabidopsis plants were constructed expressing antisense or sense atptr2-b. genomic southern analysis indicated that four independent antisense and three independent sense atptr2-b transgenic lines were obtained, which was c ... | 1997 | 9232875 |
| interaction of the viral protein genome linked of turnip mosaic potyvirus with the translational eukaryotic initiation factor (iso) 4e of arabidopsis thaliana using the yeast two-hybrid system. | the yeast lexa interaction trap was used to screen a cdna library from arabidopsis thaliana in order to identify proteins that interact with the viral protein genome linked (vpg)-proteinase of turnip mosaic potyvirus. the screen allowed the isolation of four candidate cdna clones. clones phc4, phc21, and phc40 were partially sequenced but no homologies to known proteins were found. however, the amino acid sequence deduced from the complete nucleotide sequence of psw56 revealed that it was the eu ... | 1997 | 9234949 |
| cloning, yeast expression, and characterization of the coupling of two distantly related arabidopsis thaliana nadph-cytochrome p450 reductases with p450 cyp73a5. | two nadph-cytochrome p450 reductase-encoding cdnas were isolated from an arabidopsis cdna library by metabolic interference in a saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant disrupted for its endogenous cpr1 gene. atr1 encodes a protein of 692 amino acids, while atr2 encodes either a 712-residue protein (atr2-1), or a 702-residue protein (atr2-2) depending on the choice of the initiation codon. comparative analysis of atr1 and atr2-1 indicates 64% amino acid sequence identity and the absence of conservation ... | 1997 | 9235908 |
| sequence and characterization of two arabidopsis thaliana cdnas isolated by functional complementation of a yeast gln3 gdh1 mutant. | we have isolated two arabidopsis thaliana cdnas by complementation of a yeast gln3 gdh1 strain that is affected in the regulation of nitrogen metabolism. the two clones (rga1 and rga2) are homologous to each other and to the scarecrow (scr) gene that is involved in regulating an asymmetric cell division in plants. rga1, rga2 and scr share several structural features and may define a new family of genes. rga1 and rga2 have been mapped, respectively, to chromosome ii and i, and their expression in ... | 1997 | 9237632 |
| eca1 complements yeast mutants defective in ca2+ pumps and encodes an endoplasmic reticulum-type ca2+-atpase in arabidopsis thaliana. | to understand the structure, role, and regulation of individual ca2+ pumps in plants, we have used yeast as a heterologous expression system to test the function of a gene from arabidopsis thaliana (eca1). eca1 encoded a 116-kda polypeptide that has all the conserved domains common to p-type ca2+ pumps (ec 3.6.1.38). the amino acid sequence shared more identity with sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (53%) than with plasma membrane (32%) ca2+ pumps. yeast mutants defective in a golgi ca2+ pump ( ... | 1997 | 9238019 |
| mitochondrial and chloroplast phage-type rna polymerases in arabidopsis. | in addition to the rna polymerases (rnaps) transcribing the nuclear genes, eukaryotic cells also require rnaps to transcribe the genes of the mitochondrial genome and, in plants, of the chloroplast genome. the plant arabidopsis thaliana was found to contain two nuclear genes similar to genes encoding the mitochondrial rnap from yeast and rnaps of bacteriophages t7, t3, and sp6. the putative transit peptides of the two polymerases were capable of targeting fusion proteins to mitochondria and chlo ... | 1997 | 9242608 |
| multiple repetitive dna sequences in the paracentromeric regions of arabidopsis thaliana l. | nine repetitive dna sequences, present in the haploid arabidopsis thaliana genome in 7-300 copies, were hybridized in situ to metaphase and interphase chromosomes. every sequence was detected on all five chromosome pairs, but was not evenly dispersed over the genome. clusters of signals were found in particular regions of the centromeric heterochromatin, and each sequence showed a characteristic distribution pattern. some sequences hybridized more strongly on different chromosomes, reflecting ch ... | 1997 | 9244451 |
| differential induction of systemic resistance in arabidopsis by biocontrol bacteria. | selected nonpathogenic, root-colonizing bacteria are able to elicit induced systemic resistance (isr) in plants. to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying this type of systemic resistance, an arabidopsis-based model system was developed in which pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani were used as challenging pathogens. in arabidopsis thaliana ecotypes columbia and landsberg erecta, colonization of the rhizosphere by p. fluorescens strain wcs417r induced syst ... | 1997 | 9245833 |
| detection of alien chromatin conferring resistance to the beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii schm.) in cultivated beet (beta vulgaris l.) using in situ hybridization. | chromatin originating from wild beets of the genus beta, section procumbentes, has been investigated in nematode-resistant hybrid-derived lines of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by in situ hybridization using satellite, telomeric and ribosomal dna repeats, a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) and total genomic dna as probes. the allen chromosome was detected in three monosomic addition lines (2n = 18 + 1) by genomic in situ hybridization. fluorescence in situ hybridization with a genome-specific s ... | 1997 | 9246412 |
| molecular cloning of pea cdna encoding cycloartenol synthase and its functional expression in yeast. | the cdna encoding cycloartenol synthase [ec 5.4.99.8] has been isolated from pea seedling by an efficient pcr using sets of degenerate primers based on the highly conserved sequences of the known 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase cdnas. the obtained cdna contains a 2271-bp open reading frame and is encoding a predicted protein of 757 amino acids with high homology (81%) to arabidopsis thaliana cycloartenol synthase. the pcr-amplified open reading frame (orf) has been inserted into pyes2, an expression v ... | 1997 | 9255418 |
| crystal structure of murine/human ubc9 provides insight into the variability of the ubiquitin-conjugating system. | murine/human ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme ubc9 is a functional homolog of saccharomyces cerevisiae ubc9 that is essential for the viability of yeast cells with a specific role in the g2-m transition of the cell cycle. the structure of recombinant mammalian ubc9 has been determined from two crystal forms at 2.0 a resolution. like arabidopsis thaliana ubc1 and s. cerevisiae ubc4, murine/human ubc9 was crystallized as a monomer, suggesting that previously reported hetero- and homo-interactions amon ... | 1997 | 9261152 |
| use of arabidopsis recombinant inbred lines reveals a monogenic and a novel digenic resistance mechanism to xanthomonas campestris pv campestris. | infiltration of the arabidopsis thaliana accession landsberg erecta (ler) with xanthomonas campestris pv campestris isolate 2d520 results in extensive necrosis and limited chlorosis within 5-6 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.), which can lead to systemic necrosis within 23 d.p.i. in contrast, the accession columbia (col) remains asymptomatic after infiltration. although both accessions support bacterial growth, 5-28-fold more bacteria are present in ler than in col leaf tissue. inheritance studies ... | 1997 | 9263449 |
| transformation of arabidopsis thaliana with the coda gene for choline oxidase; accumulation of glycinebetaine and enhanced tolerance to salt and cold stress. | glycinebetaine is one of the compatible solutes that accumulate in the chloroplasts of contain halotolerant plants when these plants are exposed to salt or cold stress. the coda gene for choline oxidase, the enzyme that converts choline into glycinebetaine, has previously been cloned from a soil bacterium, arthrobacter globiformis. transformation of arabidopsis thaliana with the cloned coda gene under the control of the 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus enabled the plant to accumulate gly ... | 1997 | 9263456 |
| molecular characterization of a subgroup i geminivirus from a legume in south africa. | a south african geminivirus for which we propose the name bean yellow dwarf virus (beydv) has been isolated from french bean (phaseolus vulgaris cv. bonus) showing stunting, chlorosis and leaf curl symptoms. a full-length cloned copy of the viral genome produced characteristic symptoms of the disease when reintroduced into french bean by agroinoculation, and was systemically infectious in nicotiana benthamiana, n. tabacum, lycopersicon esculentum, datura stramonium and arabidopsis thaliana. beyd ... | 1997 | 9267015 |
| atubp3 and atubp4 are two closely related arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin-specific proteases present in the nucleus. | the ubiquitin-specific proteases (ubps) are a class of enzymes vital to the ubiquitin pathway. these enzymes cleave ubiquitin at its c-terminus from two types of substrates containing (i) ubiquitin in an alpha-amino linkage, as found in the primary ubiquitin translation products, polyubiquitin and ubiquitin-ribosomal fusion proteins, or (ii) ubiquitin in an epsilon-amino linkage, as found in multiubiquitin chains either unattached or conjugated to cellular proteins. we have isolated cdnas for tw ... | 1997 | 9268021 |
| acidic residues necessary for pyrophosphate-energized pumping and inhibition of the vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase by n,n'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. | on the basis of a revised topological model of the vacuolar h+-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase; ec 3.6.1.1) derived from the analysis of four published sequences using two structure-predicting programs, toppred ii and memsat, eight acidic amino acid residues located near or within transmembrane alpha-helices were identified. the codons specifying these amino acids in the cdna encoding the v-ppase from arabidopsis thaliana were singly mutated to examine their involvement in pyrophosphate (ppi) hydrolysi ... | 1997 | 9268385 |
| differential expression of genes coding for abc transporters after treatment of arabidopsis thaliana with xenobiotics. | atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters are thought to be involved in many cellular detoxification mechanisms. performing a blast search, we found four distinct expressed sequence tags (est) of arabidopsis thaliana highly similar to the human and fungal glutathione-conjugate abc transporters. we studied the expression of the corresponding genes in response to various xenobiotics in an effort to gain information on their function. the abundance of transcripts corresponding to one of the genes (es ... | 1997 | 9271206 |
| saccharomyces cerevisiae nip7p is required for efficient 60s ribosome subunit biogenesis. | the saccharomyces cerevisiae temperature-sensitive (ts) allele nip7-1 exhibits phenotypes associated with defects in the translation apparatus, including hypersensitivity to paromomycin and accumulation of halfmer polysomes. the cloned nip7+ gene complemented the nip7-1 ts growth defect, the paromomycin hypersensitivity, and the halfmer defect. nip7 encodes a 181-amino-acid protein (21 kda) with homology to predicted products of open reading frames from humans, caenorhabditis elegans, and arabid ... | 1997 | 9271378 |
| dual requirement for a newly identified phosphorylation site in p70s6k. | the activation of p70s6k is associated with multiple phosphorylations at two sets of sites. the first set, s411, s418, t421, and s424, reside within the autoinhibitory domain, and each contains a hydrophobic residue at -2 and a proline at +1. the second set of sites, t229 (in the catalytic domain) and t389 and s404 (in the linker region), are rapamycin sensitive and flanked by bulky aromatic residues. here we describe the identification and mutational analysis of three new phosphorylation sites, ... | 1997 | 9271440 |
| molecular approaches to identify novel genes expressed in arabidopsis thaliana. | our laboratory is engaged in an effort to identify genes expressed primarily during plant embryogenesis. genes which exhibit unique expression profiles in the plant are also being sought. to this end, several methods to identify and clone novel genes based on specific expression patterns have been developed. these methods include virtual subtraction, differential display and other pcr based technologies. in addition to this, a yeast one-hybrid approach has been established to identify transcript ... | 1997 | 9274056 |
| the major intrinsic protein family of arabidopsis has 23 members that form three distinct groups with functional aquaporins in each group. | aquaporins, proteins that enhance the permeability of biological membranes to water, are widely distributed in living organisms. they are 26- to 29-kd proteins that belong to the major intrinsic protein (mip) family of channels. by searching the arabidopsis thaliana expressed sequence tag database and by using the polymerase chain reaction with oligonucleotides to conserved plant aquaporin domains, we identified 23 expressed arabidopsis mip genes. eight of these had been previously identified as ... | 1997 | 9276952 |
| attachment of agrobacterium tumefaciens to carrot cells and arabidopsis wound sites is correlated with the presence of a cell-associated, acidic polysaccharide. | an early step in crown gall tumor formation involves the attachment of agrobacterium tumefaciens to host plant cells. a. tumefaciens c58::a205 (c58 attr) is a tn3hoho1 insertion mutant that was found to be avirulent on bryophyllum daigremontiana and unable to attach to carrot suspension cells. the mutation mapped to an open reading frame encoding a putative protein of 247 amino acids which has significant homology to transacetylases from many bacteria. biochemical analysis of polysaccharide extr ... | 1997 | 9286990 |
| functional cloning of a cdna encoding mei2-like protein from arabidopsis thaliana using a fission yeast pheromone receptor deficient mutant. | to isolate arabidopsis cdnas that encode signal transducers and components involved in the regulation of meiosis, a trans-complementation analysis was performed using a schizosaccharomyces pombe meiosis-defective mutant in which the genes for pheromone receptors were disabled. one cdna obtained in this screening encodes a polypeptide, named aml1, that shows significant similarity to s. pombe mei2 protein and has three putative rna-recognition motifs like as mei2. mei2 is involved in the regulati ... | 1997 | 9287109 |
| cloning and characterization of elongation specific endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (cel1) from arabidopsis thaliana. | the isolation of an elongation-specific endo-1,4-beta-glucanase-cel1 from arabidopsis thaliana was made possible by the fact that considerable homology exists between different endo-1,4-beta-glucanase (egase) genes from different plants. degenerate primers were synthesized based on two conserved regions from the avocado and tomato cellulase amino acid sequences. the a.thaliana cel1 cdna gene was found to encode a 54kda protein; sequence comparison with the avocado egase revealed 56% identity. no ... | 1997 | 9290636 |
| frequent collinear long transfer of dna inclusive of the whole binary vector during agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | when agrobacterium was used to transform nicotiana plumbaginifolia protoplasts and arabidopsis thaliana roots and seedlings, a large number of plants were found in which not only the t-region defined by the border repeat sequences but the entire binary vector was integrated, as determined by both pcr and southern analysis techniques. n. plumbaginifolia protoplast co-cultivation experiments yielded 3 out of 5 transformants with collinear sequence past the left border. in arabidopsis root transfor ... | 1997 | 9290643 |
| glutathione synthetase: similarities of the proteins from schizosaccharomyces pombe and arabidopsis thaliana. | glutathione synthetase predicted from the reported gene sequence from schizosaccharomyces pombe is substantially smaller than the equivalent protein predicted from the cdnas sequenced from arabidopsis thaliana, saccharomyces cerevisiae and other eukaryotes. sequence alignments of the proteins encoded by the cdna clones for glutathione synthetase from arabidopsis and s. pombe show that the arabidopsis protein contains 200 extra amino acids at the n-terminus. in order to test if this sequence is e ... | 1997 | 9291132 |
| physical mapping of the rice genome with bacs. | the development of genetics in this century has been catapulted forward by several milestones: rediscovery of mendel's laws, determination of dna as the genetic material, discovery of the double-helix structure of dna and its implications for genetic behavior, and most recently, analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps). each of these milestones has generated a huge wave of progress in genetics. consequently, our understanding of organismal genetics now extends from phenotype ... | 1997 | 9291965 |
| the spirulina platensis adenylate cyclase gene, cyac, encodes a novel signal transduction protein. | a cyac gene encoding an adenylate cyclase of the filamentous cyanobacterium spirulina platensis was sequenced. the predicted amino acid sequence of the c-terminal region of cyac is similar to the catalytic domains of adenylate cyclases in other cyanobacteria and eukaryotes. the sequences of other regions are similar to those of proteins consisting of the bacterial two-component signal transduction system: the sensory kinase and the response regulator. the predicted gene product of cyac contains, ... | 1997 | 9297847 |
| conservation of the centromere/kinetochore protein zw10. | mutations in the essential drosophila melanogaster gene zw10 disrupt chromosome segregation, producing chromosomes that lag at the metaphase plate during anaphase of mitosis and both meiotic divisions. recent evidence suggests that the product of this gene, dmzw10, acts at the kinetochore as part of a tension-sensing checkpoint at anaphase onset. dmzw10 displays an intriguing cell cycle-dependent intracellular distribution, apparently moving from the centromere/kinetochore at prometaphase to kin ... | 1997 | 9298984 |
| fine-scale molecular genetic (rflp) and physical mapping of a 8.9 cm region on the top arm of arabidopsis chromosome 5 encompassing the male sterility gene, ms1. | fine-scale molecular mapping has been conducted using 183 recombinants between the markers lutescens (lu; 17.6 cm) and transparent testa glabra (ttg; 35.5 cm) on the top arm of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 5. this region contains a number of genes involved in floral development including ms1, a gene required for the post-meiotic development of pollen. in homozygous ms1 mutant plants, pollen development is aborted soon after microspore release, regardless of environmental conditions. the ms1 m ... | 1997 | 9301096 |
| the atvam3 encodes a syntaxin-related molecule implicated in the vacuolar assembly in arabidopsis thaliana. | the vacuole constitutes a large compartment in plant and fungal cells. the vam3 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a syntaxin-related protein required for vacuolar assembly. an arabidopsis thaliana cdna library, designed for expression in s. cerevisiae, was screened for cdnas able to complement defective vacuolar assembly of the deltavam3 mutation. one cdna, encoding a 33-kda protein with structural similarities to the other syntaxins, was identified. the product of atvam3 (atvam3p) was ex ... | 1997 | 9305917 |
| the arabidopsis tch4 xyloglucan endotransglycosylase. substrate specificity, ph optimum, and cold tolerance. | xyloglucan endotransglycosylases (xets) modify a major component of the plant cell wall and therefore may play critical roles in generating tissue properties and influencing morphogenesis. an xet-related gene family exists in arabidopsis thaliana, the members of which show differential regulation of expression. tch4 expression is rapidly regulated by mechanical stimuli, temperature shifts, light, and hormones. as a first step in determining whether arabidopsis xet-related proteins have distinct ... | 1997 | 9306698 |
| arabidopsis thaliana mutants altered in homologous recombination. | homologous recombination contributes both to the generation of allelic diversity and to the preservation of genetic information. in plants, a lack of suitable experimental material has prevented studies of the regulatory and enzymatic aspects of recombination in somatic and meiotic cells. we have isolated nine arabidopsis thaliana mutants hypersensitive to x-ray irradiation (xrs) and examined their recombination properties. for the three xrs loci described here, single recessive mutations were f ... | 1997 | 9326679 |
| isolation of molecular markers for salt stress responses in arabidopsis thaliana. | characterization of many osmotic stress-induced genes has greatly contributed to the understanding of the physiological responses of plant cells to osmotic stress at the molecular level. in this study we constructed a subtraction library and generated 15 salt stress-inducible ests from this library to use as molecular markers that reflect the cellular responses to salt stress responses in arabidopsis. the sequence analysis showed that 5 salt stress-inducible ests were identical to previously ide ... | 1997 | 9339905 |
| molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. the plant protein cnx1 binds molybdopterin with high affinity. | the molybdenum cofactor is an essential part of all eukaryotic molybdoenzymes. it is a molybdopterin (mpt) revealing the same core structure in all organisms. the plant protein cnx1 from arabidopsis thaliana is involved in the multi-step biosynthesis of molybdenum cofactor. previous studies (stallmeyer, b., nerlich, a., schiemann, j., brinkmann, h., and mendel, r. r. (1995) plant j. 8, 751-762) suggested a function of cnx1 in a late step of cofactor biosynthesis distal to the formation of mpt, i ... | 1997 | 9341109 |
| structure of cdnas encoding human eukaryotic initiation factor 3 subunits. possible roles in rna binding and macromolecular assembly. | the mammalian translation initiation factor 3 (eif3), is a multiprotein complex of approximately 600 kda that binds to the 40 s ribosome and promotes the binding of methionyl-trnai and mrna. cdnas encoding 5 of the 10 subunits, namely eif3-p170, -p116, -p110, -p48, and -p36, have been isolated previously. here we report the cloning and characterization of human cdnas encoding the major rna binding subunit, eif3-p66, and two additional subunits, eif3-p47 and eif3-p40. each of these proteins is pr ... | 1997 | 9341143 |
| dna mismatch repair in plants. an arabidopsis thaliana gene that predicts a protein belonging to the msh2 subfamily of eukaryotic muts homologs. | sets of degenerate oligomers corresponding to highly conserved domains of muts-homolog (msh) mismatch-repair proteins primed polymerase chain reaction amplification of two arabidopsis thaliana dna fragments that are homologous to eukaryotic msh-like genes. phylogenetic analysis places one complete gene, designated atmsh2, in the evolutionarily distinct msh2 subfamily. | 1997 | 9342879 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of 12-oxophytodienoate reductase, an enzyme of the octadecanoid signaling pathway from arabidopsis thaliana. structural and functional relationship to yeast old yellow enzyme. | using partial amino acid sequence information for 12-oxophytodienoate-10,11-reductase obtained from corydalis sempervirens we have cloned the homologous enzyme from arabidopsis thaliana. the open reading frame of the cdna encodes a polypeptide of 372 amino acids (mr = 41,165) with significant similarity to the sequence of old yellow enzyme from saccharomyces carlsbergensis (saito, k., thiele, d. j., davio, m., lockridge, o., and massey, v. (1991) j. biol. chem. 266, 20720-20724), a flavin (fmn)- ... | 1997 | 9346960 |
| geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase encoded by the newly isolated gene ggps6 from arabidopsis thaliana is localized in mitochondria. | we have cloned a new geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (ggpp) synthase gene, designated ggps6, from arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the ggps6 gene contains an open reading frame coding for a protein of 343 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 37,507 da. also, the gene is not interrupted by an intron. the predicted amino acid sequence of the ggps6 gene shows significant homology (34.0-57.7%) with other ggpp synthases from arabidopsis. the ... | 1997 | 9349257 |
| expression of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase proteins in arabidopsis seedlings. | antibodies have been developed against the first two enzymes of flavonoid biosynthesis in arabidopsis thaliana. chalcone synthase (chs) and chalcone isomerase (chi) were overexpressed and purified from escherichia coli as fusion proteins with glutathione s-transferase from schistosoma japonicum. the recombinant proteins were then used to immunize chickens and the resulting igy fraction was purified from egg yolks. immunoblots of crude protein extracts from arabidopsis seedlings carrying wild-typ ... | 1997 | 9349261 |
| regulated expression of plant trna genes by the prokaryotic tet and lac repressors. | the prokaryotic tet operator (teto) sequence was inserted at positions upstream and downstream of sequences encoding the arabidopsis thaliana trna(lys)auc or trna(trp)auc suppressor trnas, and trna expression in carrot protoplasts was measured by translational suppression of a nonsense codon in a luciferase reporter gene. regulation of trna expression by the tetracycline repressor (tetr) occurred from genes with the teto inserted at position -1 (for the trna(trp)auc gene), or at positions -2, -6 ... | 1997 | 9349265 |
| molecular characterization of glyoxalase ii from arabidopsis thaliana. | glyoxalase ii is part of the glutathione-dependent glyoxalase detoxification system. in addition to its role in the detoxification of cytotoxic 2-oxo-aldehydes, specifically methylglyoxal, it has been suggested that the glyoxalase system may also play a role in controlling cell differentiation and proliferation. during the analysis of a t-dna-tagged mutant of arabidopsis we identified the gene for a glyoxalase ii isozyme (gly1) that appears to be mitochondrially localized. the cdna encoding a gl ... | 1997 | 9349270 |
| characterization of the gene family for alternative oxidase from arabidopsis thaliana. | we investigated the copy number of the gene for alternative oxidase (aox) of arabidopsis thaliana by amplification by pcr and southern hybridization. these studies indicated that there are at least four copies of the aox gene in arabidopsis. we isolated genomic clones containing individual copies (designated as aox1a, aox1b, aox1c and aox2) of the aox genes. interestingly, two of the aox genes (aox1a and aox1b) were located in tandem in a ca. 5 kb region on one of the chromosomes of arabidopsis. ... | 1997 | 9349280 |
| an arabidopsis gene encoding a putative 14-3-3-interacting protein, caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid o-methyltransferase. | aft1, a 14-3-3 protein from arabidopsis thaliana, was used as a 'bait' in the two-hybrid system to identify its interacting proteins. a caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid o-methyltransferase, omt1, was identified as one of the several proteins that specifically interacts with aft1 in yeast cells. the physical interaction between aft1 and a partial omt1 polypeptide can be demonstrated in vitro by using bacterially expressed proteins. a single copy gene was found to encode omt1 in arabidopsis, and ... | 1997 | 9349713 |
| the arabidopsis male sterility 2 protein shares similarity with reductases in elongation/condensation complexes. | the arabidopsis thaliana male sterility 2 (ms2) gene product is involved in male gametogenesis. the first abnormalities in pollen development of ms2 mutants are seen at the stage in microsporogenesis when microspores are released from tetrads. expression of the ms2 gene is observed in tapetum of wild-type flowers at, and shortly after, the release of microspores from tetrads. the ms2 promoter controls gus expression at a comparable stage in the tapetum of transgenic tobacco containing an ms2 pro ... | 1997 | 9351246 |
| overexpression of light-dependent pora or porb in plants depleted of endogenous por by far-red light enhances seedling survival in white light and protects against photooxidative damage. | the structurally related light-dependent protochlorophyllide (pchlide) oxidoreductases pora and porb mediate the only light-requiring step in chlorophyll (chl) biosynthesis in higher plants. correlative evidence suggests that some in vivo functions of pora and porb may be unique, including a postulated photoprotective role for pora. for example, wild-type arabidopsis thaliana seedlings grown in non-photooxidative far-red light (cfr) resemble those grown in white light (wl), but they are yellow a ... | 1997 | 9351249 |
| enhanced tolerance to bacterial pathogens caused by the transgenic expression of barley lipid transfer protein ltp2. | purified lipid transfer protein ltp2 from barley applied on tobacco leaves eliminated symptoms caused by infiltration of pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci 153. growth of the pathogen in leaves of transgenic tobacco plants was retarded when compared with non-transformed controls. the percentage of inoculation points that showed necrotic lesions was greatly reduced in transgenic tobacco (17-38% versus 78%) and the average size of these lesions was 61-81% that of control. the average total lesion are ... | 1997 | 9351251 |
| construction of an approximately 2 mb contig in the region around 80 cm of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2. | a method for construction of bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) contigs from a yeast artificial chromosome (yac) physical map is described. an approximately 2 mb contig, consisting of two large bac contigs linked by a small yac, has been assembled in the region around 80 cm of arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 2. clones from this contig will facilitate gene isolation in the region and can be used directly as substrates for dna sequencing. | 1997 | 9351255 |
| fah1p, a saccharomyces cerevisiae cytochrome b5 fusion protein, and its arabidopsis thaliana homolog that lacks the cytochrome b5 domain both function in the alpha-hydroxylation of sphingolipid-associated very long chain fatty acids. | a search of the saccharomyces cerevisiae genome data base for cytochrome b5-like sequences identified a 1.152-kilobase pair open reading frame, located on chromosome xiii at locus ymr272c (fah1). that gene encodes a putative 384-amino acid protein with an amino-terminal cytochrome b5 domain. the b5 core domain shows a 52% identity and 70% similarity to that of the yeast microsomal cytochrome b5 and a 35% identity and 54% similarity to the b5 core domain of ole1, the s. cerevisiae delta-9 fatty a ... | 1997 | 9353282 |
| expression, purification and characterization of arabidopsis thaliana acetohydroxyacid synthase. | acetohydroxyacid synthase (ec 4.1.3.18) is the enzyme that catalyses the first step in the synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids valine, leucine and isoleucine. the ahas gene from arabidopsis thaliana with part of the chloroplast transit sequence removed was cloned into the bacterial expression vector pt7-7 and expressed in the escherichia coli strain bl21(de3). the expressed enzyme was purified by an extensive procedure involving (nh4)2so4 fractionation followed by hydrophobic and anion-e ... | 1997 | 9355748 |
| cloning and characterization of the arabidopsis thaliana sqs1 gene encoding squalene synthase--involvement of the c-terminal region of the enzyme in the channeling of squalene through the sterol pathway. | squalene synthase (sqs) catalyzes the first committed step of the sterol biosynthetic pathway. a full-length arabidopsis thaliana sqs cdna has been isolated by combining library screening and pcr-based approaches. arabidopsis sqs is encoded by a small gene family of two genes (sqs1 and sqs2) which are organized in a tandem array. sqs1 and sqs2 have an identical organization with regard to intron positions and exon sizes and encode sqs isoforms showing a high level of sequence conservation (79% i ... | 1997 | 9363754 |
| dual role for the yeast thi4 gene in thiamine biosynthesis and dna damage tolerance. | the thi4 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an enzyme of the thiamine biosynthetic pathway. the plant homolog thi1, from arabidopsis thaliana, is also involved in thiamine biosynthesis; but was originally cloned due to its capacity to complement dna repair deficient phenotypes in escherichia coli. here, the behavior of a thi4 disrupted strain was examined for increased sensitivity to treatment with the dna damaging agents ultraviolet radiation (uv, 254 nm) and methyl methanesulfonate (mms) ... | 1997 | 9367751 |
| glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase in plants. | glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (gpat) catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from an acyl donor to the sn-1 position of glycerol 3-phosphate. the plant cell contains three types of gpat, which are located in the chloroplasts, mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. the enzyme in chloroplasts is soluble and uses acyl-(acyl-carrier protein) as the acyl donor, whereas the enzymes in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm are bound to membranes and use acyl-coa as the acyl donor. cdnas for gpat ... | 1997 | 9370311 |
| cloning of a putative g-protein-coupled receptor from arabidopsis thaliana. | we have cloned and characterized a cdna from arabidopsis thaliana that most likely encodes a novel member of the vast superfamily of g-protein-coupled receptor proteins (gpcrs). by taking advantage of amino acid sequence similarities between plant expressed sequence tags (ests) and established g-protein-coupled receptor sequences, a probe was obtained which was used for the screening of an arabidopsis cdna library. the cdna which was found is very infrequently represented in the cdna library, su ... | 1997 | 9370348 |
| arabidopsis thaliana centromere regions: genetic map positions and repetitive dna structure. | the genetic positions of the five arabidopsis thaliana centromere regions have been identified by mapping size polymorphisms in the centromeric 180-bp repeat arrays. structural and genetic analysis indicates that 180-bp repeat arrays of up to 1000 kb are found in the centromere region of each chromosome. the genetic behavior of the centromeric arrays suggests that recombination within the arrays is suppressed. these results indicate that the centromere regions of a. thaliana resemble human centr ... | 1997 | 9371740 |
| arabidopsis thaliana rad6 homolog atubc2 complements uv sensitivity, but not n-end rule degradation deficiency, of saccharomyces cerevisiae rad6 mutants. | atubc2 of arabidopsis thaliana encodes a structural homolog of the rad6 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae with approximately 65% identical amino acids. like structural homologs from other organisms, atubc2 lacks the carboxyl-terminal extension of mostly acidic amino acids which is present in rad6p. atubc2 was expressed in s. cerevisiae rad6 mutants. it was found to partially complement the uv sensitivity and reduced growth rate of rad6 mutants at elevated temperatures. atubc2 however, has no appa ... | 1997 | 9371881 |
| characterization of three loci controlling resistance of arabidopsis thaliana accession ms-0 to two powdery mildew diseases. | arabidopsis thaliana accession la-er was susceptible, and accession ms-0 was resistant, to powdery mildew diseases caused by erysiphe cruciferarum uea1 and e. cichoracearum ucsc1. the resistance reaction phenotype of a. thaliana ms-0 to both pathogens was characterized, and the resistance loci were genetically mapped. growth of e. cruciferarum uea1 on ms-0 leaves was arrested after formation of the first appressorium: the underlying host epidermal cell collapsed, and occasionally there was necro ... | 1997 | 9375391 |
| a nuclear gene, erd1, encoding a chloroplast-targeted clp protease regulatory subunit homolog is not only induced by water stress but also developmentally up-regulated during senescence in arabidopsis thaliana. | a cdna, erd1, isolated from one-hour-dehydrated plants of arabidopsis thaliana l. encodes a putative protein that is similar to the regulatory atpase subunit (clpa) of the clp protease and contains a putative chloroplast-targeting transit-peptide at the n-terminus. a chimeric gene with the putative plastid-targeting sequence of the erd1 gene fused to the synthetic green-fluorescent protein (sgfp) gene was constructed and introduced into arabidopsis protoplasts. the n-terminal region of the erd1 ... | 1997 | 9375397 |
| high-efficiency transformation of arabidopsis thaliana with a selectable marker gene regulated by the t-dna 1' promoter. | two selectable marker genes harbouring the bar coding region but differing in their promoters were compared in an arabidopsis thaliana transformation assay using in planta infiltration with agrobacterium tumefaciens. surprisingly, in four arabidopsis ecotypes examined, the 1' promoter from the right t-dna was superior to the most commonly used 35s promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus (camv). the ecotype wassilewskija gave the highest transformation frequencies, with an average of between 5.3 and ... | 1997 | 9375405 |
| regulation of sulfur assimilation in higher plants: a sulfate transporter induced in sulfate-starved roots plays a central role in arabidopsis thaliana. | proton/sulfate cotransporters in the plasma membranes are responsible for uptake of the environmental sulfate used in the sulfate assimilation pathway in plants. here we report the cloning and characterization of an arabidopsis thaliana gene, ast68, a new member of the sulfate transporter gene family in higher plants. sequence analysis of cdna and genomic clones of ast68 revealed that the ast68 gene is composed of 10 exons encoding a 677-aa polypeptide (74.1 kda) that is able to functionally com ... | 1997 | 9380766 |
| uv- and gamma-radiation sensitive mutants of arabidopsis thaliana. | arabidopsis seedlings repair uv-induced dna damage via light-dependent and independent pathways. the mechanism of the "dark repair" pathway is still unknown. to determine the number of genes required for dark repair and to investigate the substrate-specificity of this process we isolated mutants with enhanced sensitivity to uv radiation in the absence of photoreactivating light. seven independently derived uv sensitive mutants were isolated from an ems-mutagenized population. these fell into six ... | 1997 | 9383080 |
| human blue-light photoreceptor hcry2 specifically interacts with protein serine/threonine phosphatase 5 and modulates its activity. | photolyase/blue-light photoreceptor family of proteins includes cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer photolyase, (6-4) photolyase and blue-light photoreceptors that were recently discovered in arabidopsis thaliana, sinapis alba and chlamydomonas reinhardtii. recently, we identified two human genes, hcry1 and hcry2, belonging to this family. the proteins encoded by these genes have no dna repair activity and therefore were hypothesized to function in human blue-light response reactions. to identify downs ... | 1997 | 9383998 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of fumarase from plants: purification and characterization of the enzyme--cloning, sequencing, and expression of the gene. | a cdna est clone encoding the c-terminal portion of arabidopsis thaliana fumarase was identified by homology analysis. a fragment of cdna encoding the n-terminal region of fumarase was amplified from a cdna library using pcr and cloned. genomic dna corresponding to the coding region of fumarase was amplified and cloned. arabidopsis fumarase was expressed as a chimeric fusion protein and polyclonal antibodies were generated. fumarase was purified to near-homogeneity (over 600-fold) from etiolated ... | 1997 | 9390175 |
| lht1, a lysine- and histidine-specific amino acid transporter in arabidopsis. | we have identified a new amino acid transporter from the arabidopsis thaliana expressed sequence tag cdna collection by functional complementation of a yeast amino acid transport mutant. transport analysis of the expressed protein in yeast shows that it is a high-affinity transporter for both lysine (lys) and histidine with michaelis constant values of 175 and 400 microm, respectively. this transporter (lht1, lysine histidine transporter) has little affinity for arginine when measured directly i ... | 1997 | 9390441 |
| analysis of wild-type and mutant plant nitrate reductase expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. | recombinant arabidopsis thaliana nadh:nitrate reductase (nr; ec 1.6.6.1) was produced in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris and purified to near-electrophoretic homogeneity. purified enzyme had the spectral and kinetic properties typical of highly purified nr from natural plant sources. site-directed mutagenesis altering several key residues and regions was carried out, and the mutant enzyme forms were expressed in p. pastoris. when the invariant cysteine residue, cysteine-191, in the moly ... | 1997 | 9390442 |
| cloning and molecular analyses of the arabidopsis thaliana plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase subunits. | herein we report the first molecular description of the pyruvate dehydrogenase component of the higher plant plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. the full-length cdnas for the e1 alpha (1530 bp) and e1 beta (1441 bp) subunits of the arabidopsis thaliana plastid pyruvate dehydrogenase contain open reading frames that encode polypeptides of 428 and 406 amino acids, respectively, with calculated molecular weight values of 47,120 and 44,208. the deduced amino acid sequences for arabidopsis plasti ... | 1997 | 9393637 |
| an exo-poly-alpha-d-galacturonosidase, pehb, is required for wild-type virulence of ralstonia solanacearum. | ralstonia solanacearum, which causes bacterial wilt disease of many plant species, produces several extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes that are suspected virulence factors. these include a previously described endopolygalacturonase (pg), peha, and two exo-pgs. a gene encoding one of the exo-pgs, pehb, was cloned from r. solanacearum k60. the dna fragment specifying pehb contained a 2,103-bp open reading frame that encodes a protein of 74.2 kda with a typical n-terminal signal sequen ... | 1997 | 9393701 |
| ndr1, a pathogen-induced component required for arabidopsis disease resistance. | plant disease resistance (r) genes confer an ability to resist infection by pathogens expressing specific corresponding avirulence genes. in arabidopsis thaliana, resistance to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, mediated by several r gene products, requires the ndr1 gene. positional cloning was used to isolate ndr1, which encodes a 660-base pair open reading frame. the predicted 219-amino acid sequence suggests that ndr1 may be associated with a membrane. ndr1 expression is induced in response ... | 1997 | 9395402 |
| dna data bank of japan at work on genome sequence data. | we at the dna data bank of japan (ddbj) (http://www.ddbj.nig.ac.jp) have recently begun receiving, processing and releasing est and genome sequence data submitted by various japanese genome projects. the data include those for human, arabidopsis thaliana, rice, nematode, synechocystis sp. and escherichia coli. since the quantity of data is very large, we organized teams to conduct preliminary discussions with project teams about data submission and handling for release to the public. we also dev ... | 1998 | 9399792 |
| mips: a database for protein sequences and complete genomes. | the mips group [munich information center for protein sequences of the german national center for environment and health (gsf)] at the max-planck-institute for biochemistry, martinsried near munich, germany, is involved in a number of data collection activities, including a comprehensive database of the yeast genome, a database reflecting the progress in sequencing the arabidopsis thaliana genome, the systematic analysis of other small genomes and the collection of protein sequence data within t ... | 1998 | 9399795 |
| cutting, ageing and expression of plant membrane transporters. | the activity and the expression of sucrose, hexose and amino acid transporters were studied with fresh, cut or aged tissues and plasma membrane vesicles (pmv) of mature sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) leaves. cutting and ageing both induced an increase of the transcripts coding for sucrose transporters and hexose transporters. no significant effect could be detected on the amino acid transporter transcripts with the probe used (aap1). a polyclonal serum directed against the arabidopsis thaliana su ... | 1997 | 9408174 |
| biochemical and molecular biological characterization of cac2, the arabidopsis thaliana gene coding for the biotin carboxylase subunit of the plastidic acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase. | the biotin carboxylase subunit of the heteromeric chloroplastic acetyl-coenzyme a carboxylase (accase) of arabidopsis thaliana is coded by a single gene (cac2), which is interrupted by 15 introns. the cdna encodes a deduced protein of 537 amino acids with an apparent n-terminal chloroplast-targeting transit peptide. antibodies generated to a glutathione s-transferase-cac2 fusion protein react solely with a 51-kd polypeptide of arabidopsis; these antibodies also inhibit accase activity in extract ... | 1997 | 9414551 |
| cloning and characterization of a gene (uvr3) required for photorepair of 6-4 photoproducts in arabidopsis thaliana. | uv radiation induces two major classes of pyrimidine dimers: the pyrimidine [6-4] pyrimidone photoproduct (6-4 product) and the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (cpd). many organisms produce enzymes, termed photolyases, that specifically bind to these damage products and split them via a uv-a/blue light-dependent mechanism, thereby reversing the damage. these photolyases are specific for either cpds or 6-4 products. a gene that expresses a protein with 6-4 photolyase activity in vitro was recently c ... | 1998 | 9421527 |
| characterization of a cdna encoding the thylakoidal processing peptidase from arabidopsis thaliana. implications for the origin and catalytic mechanism of the enzyme. | we have identified and sequenced a cdna containing a complete open reading frame for a putative 340-amino acid precursor of the thylakoidal processing peptidase from arabidopsis thaliana. the predicted amino acid sequence of the protein includes regions highly conserved among type i leader peptidases and indicates that the enzyme uses a serine-lysine catalytic dyad mechanism. phylogenetic analysis indicated a common ancestry of the enzyme with those from oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes, sugg ... | 1998 | 9422718 |
| asymmetric cell division and cell fate in plants. | a variety of approaches has recently been employed to investigate how sister cells adopt distinct fates following asymmetric divisions during plant development. surgical and drug studies have been used to analyze asymmetric divisions during both early embryogenesis in brown algae and pollen development in tobacco. genetic screens have been used to identify genes in arabidopsis thaliana that are required for specific asymmetric cell divisions during pollen and root development. these studies indi ... | 1997 | 9425349 |
| arabidopsis thaliana class iv chitinase is early induced during the interaction with xanthomonas campestris. | endochitinases are widely distributed among higher plants, including a number of important crop species. they are generally considered to be involved in plant defence against potential pathogens. we have cloned a class iv chitinase gene (atchitiv) from arabidopsis thaliana. southern blot analysis allowed the detection of two cross-hybridising genes in the a. thaliana genome. atchitiv transcripts are detected in seedpods, but not in roots, inflorescence stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants ... | 1997 | 9426222 |
| lysine-ketoglutarate reductase and saccharopine dehydrogenase from arabidopsis thaliana: nucleotide sequence and characterization. | we isolated the gene encoding lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (lkr, ec 1.5.1.8) and saccharopine dehydrogenase (sdh, ed 1.5.1.9) from an arabidopsis thaliana genomic dna library based on the homology between the yeast biosynthetic genes encoding sdh (lysine-forming) or sdh (glutamate-forming) and arabidopsis expressed sequence tags. a corresponding cdna was isolated from total arabidopsis rna using rt-pcr and 5' and 3' race. dna sequencing revealed that the gene encodes a bifunctional protein wit ... | 1997 | 9426595 |
| structure and specific expression of a nicotiana sylvestris putative amino-acid transporter gene in mature and in vitro germinating pollen. | we report here the structure and expression analysis of a nicotiana sylvestris gene, called nsaap1, coding for a protein which shows significant identity to the members of the arabidopsis thaliana amino acid permease family. the nsaap1 gene is expressed exclusively in binucleate pollen. its transcripts begin to accumulate after first pollen mitosis and dramatically increase in mature pollen shortly before anthesis and during in vitro pollen germination. the nsaap1 5'-flanking region contains lon ... | 1997 | 9426605 |
| molecular characterization of the ap19 gene family in arabidopsis thaliana: components of the golgi ap-1 clathrin assembly protein complex. | ap19 is the smallest polypeptide component of ap-1, the clathrin associated protein complex found in clathrin-coated vesicles of the golgi apparatus. two genomic clones that encode homologues of ap19 were isolated from arabidopsis thaliana (aap19-1 and aap19-2). analysis of their nucleotide sequences predict proteins of 162 and 163 amino acids with mr of 18,913 and 18,758 respectively. amino acid sequence comparisons with mammalian, yeast and plant clathrin associated sequences indicates that th ... | 1997 | 9426606 |
| expression of a gene encoding a ribosomal p40 protein and identification of an active promoter site. | the promoter of a gene encoding a ribosome-associated protein of 40 kda from arabidopsis thaliana (a-p40) was sequenced and the expression of the gene studied. a-p40 was expressed in the same organs and with the same variations as the eukaryotic elongation factor 1 alpha (eef1a), another gene coding for a protein involved in translation arabidopsis plants transformed with a beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene driven by the a-p40 promoter confirm that a-p40 is expressed in actively dividing and growing ... | 1997 | 9426609 |
| isolation and characterisation of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) cdna clones encoding proteins involved in magnesium chelation into protoporphyrin ix. | we have identified cdna clones encoding the two mg chelatase subunits chl i and chl h from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) by screening a cdna library with homologous cdna fragments from arabidopsis thaliana. a full-length chl i cdna clone encodes a peptide with 426 amino acids. the entire cdna sequence encoding 1382 amino acid long chl h was obtained by extension of a truncated cdna fragment using the 'rapid amplification of cdna ends' (race) method. both genes chl i and chl h were strongly express ... | 1997 | 9426628 |
| cloning and characterisation of mek1, an arabidopsis gene encoding a homologue of map kinase kinase. | we report the cloning of a cdna for mek1, an arabidopsis thaliana gene encoding a homologue of map kinase kinase (mek). the predicted protein sequence shows 41% identity over 270 amino acids to vertebrate mek proteins, and contains conserved features characteristic of mek. analysis of transcript levels show that expression of the gene is regulated by developmental processes (etiolation/de-etiolation) and by wounding. however in contrast to the rapid wound induction of map kinase transcripts in o ... | 1997 | 9426629 |
| ago1 defines a novel locus of arabidopsis controlling leaf development. | an allelic series of the novel argonaute mutant (ago1-1 to ago1-6) of the herbaceous plant arabidopsis thaliana has been isolated. the ago1 mutation pleotropically affects general plant architecture. the apical shoot meristem generates rosette leaves and a single stem, but axillary meristems rarely develop. rosette leaves lack a leaf blade but still show adaxial/abaxial differentiation. instead of cauline leaves, filamentous structures without adaxial/abaxial differentiation develop along the st ... | 1998 | 9427751 |
| biotin synthesis in higher plants: purification and characterization of biob gene product equivalent from arabidopsis thaliana overexpressed in escherichia coli and its subcellular localization in pea leaf cells. | biotin synthase catalyses the final step in the biotin biosynthetic pathway and is encoded by the biob gene in escherichia coli. to investigate the conversion of dethiobiotin to biotin in the plant kingdom, the cdna encoding the biob gene product equivalent from arabidopsis thaliana was used to construct an e. coli overexpression strain. the purified a. thaliana biob gene product is a homodimer (100 kda) with a reddish color and has an absorbance spectrum characteristic of protein with [2fe-2s] ... | 1997 | 9428635 |
| glyoxalase ii from a. thaliana requires zn(ii) for catalytic activity. | cytosolic glyoxalase ii from arabidopsis thaliana, glx2-2, was overexpressed and purified to homogeneity using q-sepharose chromatography. maldi-tof mass spectrometry studies indicated a molecular weight of 28 767 da. using steady-state kinetics studies, the purified enzyme exhibited a km of 660 +/- 100 microm and a kcat of 484 +/- 92 s(-1) at 37 degrees c. metal analyses demonstrated that the enzyme binds 2.1 +/- 0.5 moles of zn(ii) per monomer; the binding of zn(ii) is essential for enzyme via ... | 1997 | 9428743 |
| a role for arabinogalactan-proteins in root epidermal cell expansion. | arabinogalactan-proteins (agps) are abundant plant proteoglycans that react with (beta-d-glc)3 but not (beta-d-man)3 yariv reagent. we report here that treatment with (beta-d-glc)3 yariv reagent caused inhibition of root growth of arabidopsis thaliana (l.) heynh. seedlings. moreover, the treated roots exhibited numerous bulging epidermal cells. treatment with (beta-d-man)3 yariv reagent did not have any such effects. these results indicate a role for agps in root growth and control of epidermal ... | 1997 | 9431677 |
| genomic organization, cdna sequence, bacterial expression, and purification of human seryl-trna synthase. | in this paper, we report the cdna sequence and deduced primary sequence for human cytosolic seryl-trna synthetase, and its expression in escherichia coli. two human brain cdna clones of different origin, containing overlapping fragments coding for human seryl-trna synthetase were sequenced: hfbdn14 (fetal brain clone); and ib48 (infant brain clone). for both clones the 5' region of the cdna was missing. this 5' region was obtained via pcr methods using a human brain 5' race-ready cdna library. t ... | 1997 | 9431993 |
| protective immune response to foot-and-mouth disease virus with vp1 expressed in transgenic plants. | it has been reported recently that genes encoding antigens of bacterial and viral pathogens can be expressed in plants in a form in which they retain native immunogenic properties. the structural protein vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), which has frequently been shown to contain critical epitopes, has been expressed in different vectors and shown to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies and protection in experimental and natural hosts. here we report the production of transformed plant ... | 1998 | 9445079 |
| mutational analysis of protein phosphatase 2c involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in higher plants. | protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c) is a class of ubiquitous and evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine pp involved in stress responses in yeasts, mammals, and plants. here, i present mutational analysis of two arabidopsis thaliana pp2cs, encoded by abi1 and atpp2c, involved in the plant stress hormone abscisic acid (aba) signaling in maize mesophyll protoplasts. consistent with the crystal structure of the human pp2c, the mutation of two conserved motifs in abi1, predicted to be involved in metal ... | 1998 | 9448270 |
| molecular characterization of tobacco squalene synthase and regulation in response to fungal elicitor. | the enzyme squalene synthase (ss) represents the first commitment of carbon from the general isoprenoid pathway toward sterol biosynthesis and is a potential point for regulation of sterol biosynthesis. the isolation and characterization of tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) squalene synthase (tss) cdna and genomic dna clones, as well as determination of the steady state level of tss mrna in response to elicitor treatment, were investigated. cdna clones for tss were isolated from poly (a)+ rna using a ... | 1998 | 9448707 |
| two isoforms of nadph:cytochrome p450 reductase in arabidopsis thaliana. gene structure, heterologous expression in insect cells, and differential regulation. | we have investigated two nadph-cytochrome (cyt) p450 reductase isoforms encoded by separate genes (ar1 and ar2) in arabidopsis thaliana. we isolated ar1 and ar2 cdnas using a mung bean (phaseolus aureus l.) nadph-cyt p450 reductase cdna as a probe. the recombinant ar1 and ar2 proteins produced using a baculovirus expression system showed similar km values for cyt c and nadph, respectively. in the reconstitution system with a recombinant cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (cyp73a5), the recombinant ar1 and ... | 1998 | 9449848 |
| functional complementation of an oxa1- yeast mutation identifies an arabidopsis thaliana cdna involved in the assembly of respiratory complexes. | the nuclear gene oxa1 is essential for respiratory growth in yeast. it codes for a chaperon-like protein, and has pleiotropic effects on the assembly of cytochrome c oxidase and atp synthase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. to study respiratory complex formation in plants, we have cloned a homolog of the yeast oxa1- in arabidopsis thaliana, oxa1at, by functional complementation of a yeast oxa1- mutant. oxa1at is a single copy gene and appears to be constitutively expressed in a. thaliana. ... | 1997 | 9450344 |
| chromosomal mapping of genes in the rbcs family in arabidopsis thaliana. | in arabidopsis thaliana, four genes have been identified in the rbcs gene family, one being assigned to subfamily rbcs-a and the other three to subfamily rbcs-b (1b, 2b and 3b). to determine the chromosomal location of these genes, hybridization analysis with cic yac high-density filters was carried out for the rbcs-a gene, and caps analysis for the three rbcs-b genes, based on the finding that restriction fragment length polymorphism is present in the upstream region of the gene rbcs-3b. the rb ... | 1997 | 9455483 |
| genetic determinants of immunity and integration of temperate myxococcus xanthus phage mx8. | an 8.1-kb fragment of the temperate myxococcus xanthus phage mx8 genome, when cloned into a plasmid vector, permits site-specific integration of the plasmid and confers superinfection immunity. sequence analysis of a 9.5-kb region of mx8 dna containing this fragment reveals 19 densely packed open reading frames, four of which have predicted products with known or suspected activities. the mx8 imm gene, required for superinfection immunity, has a sequence similar to that of arabidopsis thaliana g ... | 1998 | 9457865 |
| analysis of 1.9 mb of contiguous sequence from chromosome 4 of arabidopsis thaliana. | the plant arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis) has become an important model species for the study of many aspects of plant biology. the relatively small size of the nuclear genome and the availability of extensive physical maps of the five chromosomes provide a feasible basis for initiating sequencing of the five chromosomes. the yac (yeast artificial chromosome)-based physical map of chromosome 4 was used to construct a sequence-ready map of cosmid and bac (bacterial artificial chromosome) clone ... | 1998 | 9461215 |
| variability in arabidopsis thaliana chromosomal high-mobility-group-1-like proteins. | the vertebrate high-mobility-group (hmg) protein hmg1 is an abundant non-histone protein which is considered as an architectural element in chromatin. in the monocotyledonous plant maize, four different hmg1-like proteins (hmga, hmgc1/2, hmgd) have been identified, whereas other eukaryotes usually express only two different proteins of this type. we have examined here the hmg1-like proteins of the dicotyledonous plant arabidopsis thaliana. the isolation and analysis of cdnas encoding five differ ... | 1997 | 9461286 |
| atgdi2, a novel arabidopsis gene encoding a rab gdp dissociation inhibitor. | the gtpase cycle of rab/ypt proteins is strictly controlled by several classes of regulators to ensure their proper roles in membrane traffic. gdp dissociation inhibitor (gdi) is known to play essential roles in regulating nucleotide states and subcellular localizations of rab/ypt proteins. to obtain further knowledge on this regulator molecule in plants, we isolated and characterized two genes of arabidopsis thaliana that encode different gdis. atgdi1 has been identified by a novel functional c ... | 1998 | 9461425 |
| a dynamin-like protein in arabidopsis thaliana is involved in biogenesis of thylakoid membranes. | dynamin, a gtp-binding protein found in rat brain, plays a role in endocytosis. suborganellar fractionation studies of arabidopsis leaf tissue revealed that a dynamin-like protein, adl1, is localized in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. this notion was supported further by in vivo targeting experiments using an adl1-green fluorescent fusion protein and immunogold labeling with the anti-adl1 antibody. transgenic plants harboring various deletion mutant genes of adl1 had a yellow leaf pheno ... | 1998 | 9463364 |
| abi2, a second protein phosphatase 2c involved in abscisic acid signal transduction in arabidopsis. | the abi2-1 (abscisic acid insensitive) mutant of arabidopsis thaliana shows abscisic acid (aba) insensitivity with respect to seed germination and vegetative aba responses. we identified the abi2 gene by a combination of positional mapping and homology to abi1. the abi2 protein shows 80% amino acid sequence identity to abi1, a protein phosphatase 2c (pp2c) involved in aba signaling. the mutation that confers the abi2-1 phenotype is equivalent to the mutation previously identified in abi1-1 and t ... | 1998 | 9468303 |