| multiple factors affect socioeconomics and wellbeing of artisanal sea cucumber fishers. | small-scale fisheries are important to livelihoods and subsistence seafood consumption of millions of fishers. sea cucumbers are fished worldwide for export to asia, yet few studies have assessed factors affecting socioeconomics and wellbeing among fishers. we interviewed 476 men and women sea cucumber fishers at multiple villages within multiple locations in fiji, kiribati, tonga and new caledonia using structured questionnaires. low rates of subsistence consumption confirmed a primary role of ... | 2016 | 27930649 |
| elimination of diazinon insecticide from cucumber surface by atmospheric pressure air-dielectric barrier discharge plasma. | the food industry is in a constant search for new technologies to improve the commercial sterilization process of agricultural commodities. plasma treatment may offer a novel and efficient method for pesticide removal from agricultural product surfaces. to study the proposed technique of plasma food treatment, the degradation behavior of diazinon insecticide by air-dielectric barrier discharge (dbd) plasma was investigated. the authors studied the effect of different plasma powers and treatment ... | 2016 | 27923272 |
| dark-chilling induces substantial structural changes and modifies galactolipid and carotenoid composition during chloroplast biogenesis in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cotyledons. | plants in a temperate climate are often subject to different environmental factors, chilling stress among them, which influence the growth especially during early stages of plant development. chloroplasts are one of the first organelles affected by the chilling stress. therefore the proper biogenesis of chloroplasts in early stages of plant growth is crucial for undertaking the photosynthetic activity. in this paper, the analysis of the cotyledon chloroplast biogenesis at different levels of pla ... | 2017 | 27915172 |
| cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) nitric oxide synthase associated gene1 (csnoa1) plays a role in chilling stress. | nitric oxide (no) is a gaseous signaling molecule in plants, transducing information as a result of exposure to low temperatures. however, the underlying molecular mechanism linking no with chilling stress is not well understood. here, we functionally characterized the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) nitric oxide synthase-associated gene, nitric oxide associated 1 (csnoa1). expression analysis of csnoa1, using quantitative real-time pcr, in situ hybridization, and a promoter::β-glucuronidase (gus) ... | 2016 | 27891134 |
| evaluation of the effects of cucumis sativus seed extract on serum lipids in adult hyperlipidemic patients: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. | hyperlipidemia is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis; therefore, control of this risk factor is very important in preventing atherosclerosis. cucumber (cucumis sativus) seed is used traditionally as a lipid-lowering nutritional supplement. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cucumber seed extract on serum lipid profile in adult patients with mild hyperlipidemia. in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, hyperlipidemic patients with inclusion c ... | 2017 | 27886382 |
| differential expression of cucumber rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 genes during antiviral defence and resistance. | rna-dependent rna polymerase 1 (rdr1) plays a crucial role in plant defence against viruses. in this study, it was observed that cucumber, cucumis sativus, uniquely encodes a small gene family of four rdr1 genes. the cucumber rdr1 genes (csrdr1a, csrdr1b and duplicated csrdr1c1/c2) shared 55%-60% homology in their encoded amino acid sequences. in healthy cucumber plants, rdr1a and rdr1b transcripts were expressed at higher levels than transcripts of rdr1c1/c2, which were barely detectable. the e ... | 2016 | 27879040 |
| direct analysis of triterpenes from high-salt fermented cucumbers using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (ir-maldesi). | high-salt samples present a challenge to mass spectrometry (ms) analysis, particularly when electrospray ionization (esi) is used, requiring extensive sample preparation steps such as desalting, extraction, and purification. in this study, infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (ir-maldesi) coupled to a q exactive plus mass spectrometer was used to directly analyze 50-μm thick slices of cucumber fermented and stored in 1 m sodium chloride brine. from the several hundre ... | 2017 | 27848143 |
| elucidation of antiangiogenic potential of vitexin obtained from cucumis sativus targeting hsp90 protein: a novel multipathway targeted approach to restrain angiogenic phenomena. | angiogenesis involves the process of sprouting of microvessels from preexisting microvasculature and is held responsible for the growth, malignancy and metastasis of cancer. heat shock protein hsp90 has been proven responsible for indirectly inducing multiple pathways leading to angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer. recent researches shift towards proposing novel phytochemicals as possible antiangiogenic agents. | 2016 | 27834134 |
| ceramide as a target of marine triterpene glycosides for treatment of human myeloid leukemia. | acute myeloid leukemia (aml) is a heterogeneous myeloid clonal disorder exhibiting the accumulation of immature myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. standard aml therapy requires intensive combination chemotherapy, which leads to significant treatment-related toxicity. the search for new, low toxic marine agents, inducing the generation of ceramide in leukemic cells is a new approach to improve the therapy of leukemia. this review focuses on the metabolism of sphingolipid ... | 2016 | 27827870 |
| genetic analysis of molecular markers for propamocarb residue in cucumis sativus using quantitative trait locus mapping. | the use of pesticides to protect plants against harmful organisms, such as pathogenic microorganisms, is one of the most effective ways to improve agricultural production. however, the continuous use of pesticides might present a risk to human health, animals, and the environment. in this study, two cucumber (cucumis sativus) varieties containing different levels of pesticide residues, d9320 and d0351, were selected to establish an f2 population. a genetic model and genetic linkage map were cons ... | 2016 | 27819743 |
| isolation and functional characterization of cslsi1, a silicon transporter gene in cucumis sativus. | cucumber (cucumis sativus) is a widely grown cucurbitaceous vegetable that exhibits a relatively high capacity for silicon (si) accumulation, but the molecular mechanism for silicon uptake remains to be clarified. here we isolated and characterized cslsi1, a gene encoding a silicon transporter in cucumber (cv. mch-4). cslsi1 shares 55.70 and 90.63% homology with the lsi1s of a monocot and dicot, rice (oryza sativa) and pumpkin (cucurbita moschata), respectively. cslsi1 was predominantly expresse ... | 2017 | 27701737 |
| a modular approach to a library of semi-synthetic fucosylated chondroitin sulfate polysaccharides with different sulfation and fucosylation patterns. | fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs)-a glycosaminoglycan (gag) found in sea cucumbers-has recently attracted much attention owing to its biological properties. in particular, a low molecular mass fcs polysaccharide has very recently been suggested as a strong candidate for the development of an antithrombotic drug that would be safer and more effective than heparin. to avoid the use of animal sourced drugs, here we present the chemical transformation of a microbial sourced unsulfated chondroiti ... | 2016 | 27797117 |
| purification, physico-chemical characterization and thermodynamics of chitooligosaccharide binding to cucumber (cucumis sativus) phloem lectin. | a chitooligosaccharide-specific lectin has been purified from the phloem exudate of cucumber (cucumis sativus) by affinity chromatography on chitin. the molecular weight of the cucumber phloem lectin (cpl) was determined as 51912.8da by mass spectrometry whereas sds-page yielded a single band with a subunit mass of 26kda, indicating that the protein is a homodimer. peptide mass fingerprinting studies strongly suggest that cpl is identical to the 26kda phloem protein 2 (pp2) from cucumber. cd spe ... | 2017 | 27793680 |
| comparative proteomic analysis provides insight into the key proteins involved in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) adventitious root emergence under waterlogging stress. | waterlogging is a common abiotic stress in both natural and agricultural systems, and it primarily affects plant growth by the slow oxygen diffusion in water. to sustain root function in the hypoxic environment, a key adaptation for waterlogging tolerant plants is the formation of adventitious roots (ars). we found that cucumber waterlogging tolerant line zaoer-n seedlings adapt to waterlogging stress by developing a larger number of ars in hypocotyls, while almost no ar is generated in sensitiv ... | 2016 | 27790230 |
| interfibrillar stiffening of echinoderm mutable collagenous tissue demonstrated at the nanoscale. | the mutable collagenous tissue (mct) of echinoderms (e.g., sea cucumbers and starfish) is a remarkable example of a biological material that has the unique attribute, among collagenous tissues, of being able to rapidly change its stiffness and extensibility under neural control. however, the mechanisms of mct have not been characterized at the nanoscale. using synchrotron small-angle x-ray diffraction to probe time-dependent changes in fibrillar structure during in situ tensile testing of sea cu ... | 2016 | 27708167 |
| selection, isolation, and identification of fungi for bioherbicide production. | production of a bioherbicide for biological control of weeds requires a series of steps, from selection of a suitable microbial strain to final formulation. thus, this study aimed to select fungi for production of secondary metabolites with herbicidal activity using biological resources of the brazilian pampa biome. phytopathogenic fungi were isolated from infected tissues of weeds in the pampa biome. a liquid synthetic culture medium was used for production of metabolites. the phytotoxicity of ... | 2017 | 27769882 |
| a new method to estimate photosynthetic parameters through net assimilation rate-intercellular space co2 concentration (a-ci ) curve and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements. | gas exchange (ge) and chlorophyll fluorescence (cf) measurements are widely used to noninvasively study photosynthetic parameters, for example the rates of maximum rubisco carboxylation (vcmax ), electron transport rate (j), daytime respiration (rd ) and mesophyll conductance (gm ). existing methods for fitting ge data (net assimilation rate-intercellular space co2 concentration (a-ci ) curve) are based on two assumptions: gm is unvaried with co2 concentration in the intercellular space (ci ); a ... | 2017 | 27768807 |
| multiresidue analysis of five neonicotinoid insecticides and their primary metabolite in cucumbers and soil using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. | a sensitive, selective, and validated hplc-diode-array detection method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five neonicotinoid insecticides-acetamiprid, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, flonicamid, and thiacloprid-and their primary metabolite, 6-chloronicotinic acid, in cucumbers and soil based on the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (quechers) technique as a pretreatment procedure. in the quechers procedure, cucumber samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned u ... | 2016 | 27765084 |
| genome-wide identification and domain organization of lectin domains in cucumber. | lectins are ubiquitous proteins in plants and play important roles in a diverse set of biological processes, such as plant defense and cell signaling. despite the availability of the cucumis sativus l. genome sequence since 2009, little is known with respect to the occurrence of lectins in cucumber. in this study, a total of 146 putative lectin genes belonging to 10 different lectin families were identified and localized in the cucumber genome. domain architecture analysis revealed that most of ... | 2016 | 27434144 |
| exogenous glutathione improves high root-zone temperature tolerance by modulating photosynthesis, antioxidant and osmolytes systems in cucumber seedlings. | to investigate the physiological responses of plants to high root-zone temperature (ht, 35 °c) stress mitigated by exogenous glutathione (gsh), cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings were exposed to ht with or without gsh treatment for 4 days and following with 4 days of recovery. plant physiological variables, growth, and gene expression related to antioxidant enzymes and calvin cycle were quantified. the results showed that ht significantly decreased gsh content, the ratio of reduced to oxidi ... | 2016 | 27752105 |
| molybdenum and iron mutually impact their homeostasis in cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants. | molybdenum (mo) and iron (fe) are essential micronutrients required for crucial enzyme activities in plant metabolism. here we investigated the existence of a mutual control of mo and fe homeostasis in cucumber (cucumis sativus). plants were grown under single or combined mo and fe starvation. physiological parameters were measured, the ionomes of tissues and the ionomes and proteomes of root mitochondria were profiled, and the activities of molybdo-enzymes and the synthesis of molybdenum cofact ... | 2017 | 27735062 |
| co-loaded proteinase k/thyme oil liposomes for inactivation of escherichia coli o157:h7 biofilms on cucumber. | e. coli o157:h7 is a bacterium frequently found on vegetable surfaces, such as cucumber, that can pose a significant threat to consumers. in the present work, proteinase k (pk) and thyme oil (to) were used to inactivate e. coli o157:h7 biofilms. both pk and to were encapsulated in liposomes to improve their chemical stability and to allow for a controlled release. the optimal pk/to-loaded liposomes (particle size of 170.4 nm, polydispersity index of 0.309, zeta potential of -29.8 mv and entrapme ... | 2016 | 27722576 |
| changes in the dna methylation pattern of the host male gametophyte of viroid-infected cucumber plants. | eukaryotic organisms exposed to adverse conditions are required to show a certain degree of transcriptional plasticity in order to cope successfully with stress. epigenetic regulation of the genome is a key regulatory mechanism allowing dynamic changes of the transcriptional status of the plant in response to stress. the hop stunt viroid (hsvd) induces the demethylation of ribosomal rna (rrna) in cucumber (cucumis sativus) leaves, leading to increasing transcription rates of rrna. in addition to ... | 2016 | 27697787 |
| ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b) relieves chilling-light-induced psi photoinhibition and accelerates the recovery of co2 assimilation in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) leaves. | ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b) is generally considered to negatively impact the photosynthetic apparatus and plant growth. uv-b damages psii but does not directly influence psi. however, psi and psii successively drive photosynthetic electron transfer, therefore, the interaction between these systems is unavoidable. so we speculated that uv-b could indirectly affect psi under chilling-light conditions. to test this hypothesis, the cucumber leaves were illuminated by uv-b prior or during the chil ... | 2016 | 27686324 |
| fisetin and its role in chronic diseases. | chronic inflammation is a prolonged and dysregulated immune response leading to a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions such as neurological abnormalities, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, pulmonary diseases, immunological diseases, cancers, and other life-threatening conditions. therefore, inhibition of persistent inflammation will reduce the risk of inflammation-associated chronic diseases. inflammation-related chronic diseases require chronic treatment without s ... | 2016 | 27671819 |
| fine mapping of virescent leaf gene v-1 in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | leaf color mutants are common in higher plants that can be used as markers in crop breeding or as an important tool in understanding regulatory mechanisms in chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development. in virescent leaf mutants, young leaves are yellow in color, which gradually return to normal green when the seedlings grow large. in the present study, we conducted phenotypic characterization and genetic mapping of the cucumber virescent leaf mutant 9110gt conferred by the v-1 locus. t ... | 2016 | 27669214 |
| borniopsis mortoni sp. n. (heterodonta, galeommatoidea, galeommatidaesensu lato), a new bivalve commensal with a synaptid sea cucumber from japan. | the galeommatoidea is a bivalve superfamily that exhibits high species diversity in shallow waters. many members of this superfamily are associated commensally with burrowing marine invertebrates in benthic sediments. the genus borniopsis is known only from eastern asia and exhibits high host diversity (e.g., mantis shrimps, crabs, holothurians, sipunculans and echiurans). a new species, borniopsis mortoni sp. n., is described from mud flats at the mouth of the souzu river, southwestern shikoku ... | 2016 | 27667939 |
| effect of di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) on the fruit quality of cucumber and the health risk. | di-n-butyl phthalate (dbp) widely used as plastic films' plasticizer, can cause agricultural pollution which is of increasing concern because of the food safety issues. cucumber ( cucumis sativus linn.), commonly cultured in greenhouse, was exposed to dbp stress to gain more information about the ecological risk of dbp in this study. changes of dbp residues and fruit quality of cucumber at different dbp concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 mg/kg of dry soil) were investigated in pot experiments usin ... | 2016 | 27655612 |
| phenotypic plasticity to altered apical bud temperature in cucumis sativus: more leaves-smaller leaves and vice versa. | many studies investigated temperature effects on leaf initiation and expansion by relating these processes to air temperature or the temperature of a specific organ (e.g. leaf temperature). in reality plant temperature is hardly ever equal to air temperature or spatially uniform. apical bud temperature (tbud ), for example, may greatly differ from the temperature of the rest of the plant (tplant ) dependent on the environment. recent research in cucumis sativus showed that tbud influences leaf i ... | 2017 | 27640366 |
| can adverse effects of acidity and aluminum toxicity be alleviated by appropriate rootstock selection in cucumber? | low-ph and aluminum (al) stresses are the major constraints that limit crop yield in acidic soils. grafting vegetable elite cultivars onto appropriate rootstocks may represent an effective tool to improve crop tolerance to acidity and al toxicity. two greenhouse hydroponic experiments were performed to evaluate growth, yield, biomass production, chlorophyll index, electrolyte leakage, mineral composition, and assimilate partitioning in plant tissues of cucumber plants (cucumis sativus l. "ekron" ... | 2016 | 27621740 |
| the cytotoxicity of dacarbazine potentiated by sea cucumber saponin in resistant b16f10 melanoma cells through apoptosis induction. | malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive malignant melanocytic neoplasm which resists against the most conventional therapies. sea cucumber as one of marine organisms contains bioactive compounds such as polysaccharide, terpenoid and other metabolites which have anti-cancer, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. the present study was designed to investigate the anticancer potential of saponin extracted from sea cucumber holothuria leucospilata alone and in combination with d ... | 2017 | 27563423 |
| the catalase gene family in cucumber: genome-wide identification and organization. | catalase (cat) is a common antioxidant enzyme in almost all living organisms. currently, detailed reports on cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) cat (cscat) genes and tissue expression profiling are limited. in the present study, four candidate cscat genes were identified in cucumber. phylogenetic analysis indicated that cscat1-cscat3 are closely related to arabidopsis atcat1-atcat3, but no obvious counterpart was observed for cscat4. intron/exon structure analysis revealed that only one of the 15 pos ... | 2017 | 27560990 |
| identification of a stable major-effect qtl (parth 2.1) controlling parthenocarpy in cucumber and associated candidate gene analysis via whole genome re-sequencing. | parthenocarpy is an important trait for yield and quality in many plants. but due to its complex interactions with genetic and physiological factors, it has not been adequately understood and applied to breeding and production. finding novel and effective quantitative trait loci (qtls) is a critical step towards understanding its genetic mechanism. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a typical parthenocarpic plant but the qtls controlling parthenocarpy in cucumber were not mapped on chromosomes, an ... | 2016 | 27553196 |
| quantitative proteomic profiling of early and late responses to salicylic acid in cucumber leaves. | salicylic acid (sa) is an important phytohormone that plays vital regulatory roles in plant growth, development, and stress responses. however, studies on the molecular mechanism of sa, especially during the early sa responses, are lagging behind. in this study, we initiated a comprehensive isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-based proteomic analysis to explore the early and late sa-responsive proteins in leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) seedlings. upon sa applicat ... | 2016 | 27551830 |
| csap3: a cucumber homolog to arabidopsis apetala3 with novel characteristics. | in our previous efforts to understand the regulatory mechanisms of cucumber unisexual flower development, we observed a stamen-specific down-regulation of the ethylene receptor csetr1 in stage 6 female flowers of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). this down-regulation is correlated with the primordial anther-specific dna damage that characterizes inappropriate stamen development in cucumber female flowers. to understand how csetr1 is down regulated in the stamen, we characterized a cucumber mads box ... | 2016 | 27540391 |
| acetylated triterpene glycosides and their biological activity from holothuroidea reported in the past six decades. | sea cucumbers have been valued for many centuries as a tonic and functional food, dietary delicacies and important ingredients of traditional medicine in many asian countries. an assortment of bioactive compounds has been described in sea cucumbers. the most important and abundant secondary metabolites from sea cucumbers are triterpene glycosides (saponins). due to the wide range of their potential biological activities, these natural compounds have gained attention and this has led to their eme ... | 2016 | 27527190 |
| ecotoxicological assessment of glyphosate-based herbicides: effects on different organisms. | glyphosate-based herbicides are the most commonly used worldwide because they are effective and relatively nontoxic to nontarget species. unlimited and uncontrolled use of such pesticides can have serious consequences for human health and ecological balance. the present study evaluated the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of 2 glyphosate-based formulations, roundup original (roundup) and glyphosate akb 480 (akb), on different organisms: cucumber (cucumis sativus), lettuce (lactuca sativa), and to ... | 2016 | 27517480 |
| antithrombotic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfates and their depolymerized fragments from two sea cucumbers. | fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (fcs), a glycosaminoglycan extracted from the body wall of sea cucumber, is a promising antithrombotic agent. the chemical structures of fcsc isolated from sea cucumber cucumaria frondosa and its depolymerized fragment (dfcsc) were characterized for the first time. additionally, anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. the results demonstrated that dfcsc exhibited better antithrombotic-hemorrhagic ratio than native fcsc on t ... | 2016 | 27516281 |
| binding of transition metals to monosilicic acid in aqueous and xylem (cucumis sativus l.) solutions: a low-t electron paramagnetic resonance study. | the supplementation of monosilicic acid [si(oh)4] to the root growing medium is known to protect plants from toxic levels of iron (fe), copper (cu) and manganese (mn), but also to mitigate deficiency of fe and mn. however, the physicochemical bases of these alleviating mechanisms are not fully understood. here we applied low-t electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy to examine the formation of complexes of si(oh)4 with mn(2+), fe(3+), and cu(2+) in water and in xylem sap of cucumber ( ... | 2016 | 27502949 |
| comparative proteomics of cucurbit phloem indicates both unique and shared sets of proteins. | cucurbits are well-studied models for phloem biology but unusually possess both fascicular phloem (fp) within vascular bundles and additional extrafascicular phloem (efp). although the functional differences between the two systems are not yet clear, sugar analysis and limited protein profiling have established that fp and efp have divergent compositions. here we report a detailed comparative proteomics study of fp and efp in two cucurbits, pumpkin and cucumber. we re-examined the sites of exuda ... | 2016 | 27472661 |
| proteomic and physiological analyses reveal putrescine responses in roots of cucumber stressed by nacl. | soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that threatens agricultural productivity. different strategies have been developed to improve crop salt tolerance, among which the effects of polyamines have been well-reported. to gain a better understanding of the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) responses to nacl and unravel the underlying mechanism of exogenous putrescine (put) alleviating salt-induced damage, comparative proteomic analysis was conducted on cucumber roots treated with nacl, and/ ... | 2016 | 27471514 |
| qtl mapping by slaf-seq and expression analysis of candidate genes for aphid resistance in cucumber. | cucumber, a very important vegetable crop worldwide, is easily damaged by pests. aphid is one of the most serious cucumber pests and frequently cause severe damage to commercially produced crops. understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying pest resistance is important for aphid-resistant cucumber varieties breeding. in this study, two parental cucumber lines, jy30 (aphid susceptible) and ep6392 (aphid resistant), and pools of resistant and susceptible (n = 50 each) plants from 1000 f2 indivi ... | 2016 | 27462331 |
| integrative analyses of nontargeted volatile profiling and transcriptome data provide molecular insight into voc diversity in cucumber plants (cucumis sativus). | plant volatile organic compounds, which are generated in a tissue-specific manner, play important ecological roles in the interactions between plants and their environments, including the well-known functions of attracting pollinators and protecting plants from herbivores/fungi attacks. however, to date, there have not been reports of holistic volatile profiling of the various tissues of a single plant species, even for the model plant species. in this study, we qualitatively and quantitatively ... | 2016 | 27457123 |
| simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoid insecticide residues and two primary metabolites in cucumbers and soil by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry coupled with quechers. | a new, rapid, sensitive, precise and validated high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight neonicotinoid insecticides with their two primary metabolites in cucumbers and soil based on quechers as a pretreatment procedure. in quechers procedure, cucumber samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned using (c18 sorbent material), while soil samples were extracted with a mixture of ac ... | 2016 | 27447929 |
| structures and biogenesis of fallaxosides d₄, d₅, d₆ and d₇, trisulfated non-holostane triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber cucumaria fallax. | four new trisulfated triterpene glycosides, fallaxosides d₄ (1), d₅ (2), d₆ (3) and d₇ (4) have been isolated from the sea cucumber cucumaria fallax (cucumariidae, dendrochirotida). the structures of the glycosides have been elucidated by 2d nmr spectroscopy and hresims. all the glycosides have the lanostane aglycones of a rare non-holostane type with 7(8)-, 8(9)- or 9(11)-double bonds, one or two hydroxyl groups occupying unusual positions in the polycyclic nucleus and shortened or normal side ... | 2016 | 27447601 |
| validation of a method for the determination of 120 pesticide residues in apples and cucumbers by lc-ms/ms. | most countries have clearly defined regulations governing the use of pesticides in agricultural activity. the application of pesticides in agriculture usually leads to a residual amount of these pesticides on food products such as fruit and vegetables. the presence of pesticide residues on these foods destined for human consumption may pose food safety risks to consumers. to protect consumers, national authorities have established maximum limits for pesticide residues in foods. these limits can ... | 2016 | 27443204 |
| effects of thermal stress on the immune and oxidative stress responses of juvenile sea cucumber holothuria scabra. | holothuria scabra is the most valued and cultured tropical sea cucumber, given the great demand of this species for human consumption. however, despite its ecological and economic relevance, little is known regarding its immune responses under thermal stress. here, the main goal was to study the response of sea cucumbers to temperature stress, assessing sub-organismal alterations and acclimation capacities of juveniles to temperature changes. after changing temperature (1 °c/day) for 6 days, org ... | 2017 | 27439718 |
| physiological and proteomic analysis of selenium-mediated tolerance to cd stress in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | selenium can mitigate cadmium toxicity in plants. however, the mechanism of this alleviation has not been fully understood. in the present study, the role of se in inducing tolerance to cd stress in cucumber was elucidated. results showed that se significantly alleviated cd-induced growth inhibition, reduced cd concentration, increased spad value and improved photosynthetic performance. through proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) coupled with mass spectrometry, 26 pr ... | 2016 | 27434422 |
| selective toxicity of persian gulf sea cucumber holothuria parva on human chronic lymphocytic leukemia b lymphocytes by direct mitochondrial targeting. | natural products isolated from marine environment are well known for their pharmacodynamic potential in diversity of disease treatments such as cancer or inflammatory conditions. sea cucumbers are one of the marine animals of the phylum echinoderm. many studies have shown that the sea cucumber contains antioxidants and anti-cancer compounds. chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) is a disease characterized by the relentless accumulation of cd5(+) b lymphocytes. cll is the most common leukemia in adu ... | 2017 | 27404045 |
| amino-substituted para-benzoquinones as potential herbicides. | although quinones present a large array of biological activities, a few studies on the herbicidal potential of 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones have been reported to date. in this work, starting from benzoquinone, 13 2,5-bis(alkyl/arylamino)-1,4-benzoquinones were prepared in 46 - 93% yield. the products were fully characterized by spectroscopic analyses and their phytotoxicity against cucumis sativus and sorghum bicolor seedlings was investigated. at 100 ppm, compounds caused 10 - 88% ... | 2016 | 27389616 |
| protective effect of heat-treated cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) juice on alcohol detoxification in experimental rats. | in this study, heat-treated cucumber juice was assessed for its protective effect on blood alcohol levels and hepatic alcohol metabolic enzyme system in experimental rats. initially, during detoxification of alcohol, all groups were orally dosed to 22% alcohol (6ml/kg body weight) along with different concentrations of heat-treated cucumber juice (10, 100 and 500mg/kg) and commercial goods for hangover-removal on sale (2ml/kg). cucumber juice was dosed before 30 min, and simultaneously after 30m ... | 2016 | 27383492 |
| the flavonoid fisetin as an anticancer agent targeting the growth signaling pathways. | epidemiological studies show that consumption of diets rich in fruits and vegetables is associated with lower risks of cancer. this evidence has kindled interest into research on bioactive food components and has till date resulted in the identification of many compounds with cancer preventive and therapeutic potential. among such compounds is fisetin (3,7,3,4-tetrahydroxyflavone), a flavonol that is commonly found in many fruits and vegetables such as apples, persimmons, grapes, kiwis, strawber ... | 2016 | 27377217 |
| potential toxicity of improperly discarded exhausted photovoltaic cells. | low tech photovoltaic panels (pvps) installed in the early '80s are now coming to the end of their life cycle and this raises the problem of their proper disposal. as panels contain potentially toxic elements, unconventional, complex and costly procedures are required to avoid environmental health risks and in countries where environmental awareness and economic resources are limited this may be especially problematic. this work was designed to investigate potential risks from improper disposal ... | 2016 | 27376992 |
| silicon enhances leaf remobilization of iron in cucumber under limited iron conditions. | retranslocation of iron (fe) from source tissues enhances plant tolerance to fe deficiency. previous work has shown that silicon (si) can alleviate fe deficiency by enhancing acquisition and root to shoot translocation of fe. here the role of si in fe mobilization in older leaves and the subsequent retranslocation of fe to young leaves of cucumber (cucumis sativus) plants growing under fe-limiting conditions was investigated. | 2016 | 27371693 |
| assessing the bio-mitigation effect of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture on marine environment by a numerical approach. | with increasing concern over the aquatic environment in marine culture, the integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (imta) has received extensive attention in recent years. a three-dimensional numerical ocean model is developed to explore the negative impacts of aquaculture wastes and assess the bio-mitigation effect of imta systems on marine environments. numerical results showed that the concentration of surface phytoplankton could be controlled by planting seaweed (a maximum reduction of 30%), a ... | 2016 | 27368928 |
| complexity of yolk proteins and their dynamics in the sea star patiria miniata. | oviparous animals store yolk proteins within the developing oocyte. these proteins are used in gametogenesis and as a nutritional source for embryogenesis. vitellogenin and the major yolk protein are two of the most important yolk proteins among diverse species of invertebrates and vertebrates. among the echinoderms, members of the subphyla echinozoa (sea urchins and sea cucumbers) express the major yolk protein (myp) but not vitellogenin (vtg), while an initial report has documented that two as ... | 2016 | 27365416 |
| nitric oxide is involved in hydrogen gas-induced cell cycle activation during adventitious root formation in cucumber. | adventitious root development is a complex process regulated through a variety of signaling molecules. hydrogen gas (h2) and nitric oxide (no), two new signaling molecules are both involved in plant development and stress tolerance. | 2016 | 27352869 |
| comparative proteomic analysis reveals the positive effect of exogenous spermidine on photosynthesis and salinity tolerance in cucumber seedlings. | our results based on proteomics data and physiological alterations proposed the putative mechanism of exogenous spd enhanced salinity tolerance in cucumber seedlings. current studies showed that exogenous spermidine (spd) could alleviate harmful effects of salinity. it is important to increase our understanding of the beneficial physiological responses of exogenous spd treatment, and to determine the molecular responses underlying these responses. here, we combined a physiological analysis with ... | 2016 | 27351994 |
| taxonomic and functional diversity of cultured seed associated microbes of the cucurbit family. | endophytes are microbes that colonize plant internal tissues without causing disease. in particular, seed-associated endophytes may be vectors for founder microbes that establish the plant microbiome, which may subsequently contribute beneficial functions to their host plants including nutrient acquisition and promotion of plant growth. the cucurbitaceae family of gourds (e.g., cucumbers, melons, pumpkin, squash), including its fruits and seeds, is widely consumed by humans. however, there is li ... | 2016 | 27349509 |
| protective mechanisms of cucumis sativus in diabetes-related modelsof oxidative stress and carbonyl stress. | oxidative stress and carbonyl stress have essential mediatory roles in the development of diabetes and its related complications through increasing free radicals production and impairing antioxidant defense systems. different chemical and natural compounds have been suggested for decreasing such disorders associated with diabetes. the objectives of the present study were to investigate the protective effects of cucumis sativus (c. sativus) fruit (cucumber) in oxidative and carbonyl stress models ... | 2016 | 27340622 |
| molecular mapping and candidate gene analysis for numerous spines on the fruit of cucumber. | number of spines on the fruit is an important quality trait in cucumber. the inheritance and identification of molecular markers for fruit spine density gene can provide a basis for breeding and lay the foundation for gene cloning. cucumber inbred lines ncg-122 with numerous spines and ncg-121 with few spines were used for genetic analysis and gene mapping in this study. genetic analysis showed that the numerous spines trait in ncg-122 was qualitative, and a single recessive nuclear gene (ns) co ... | 2016 | 27317924 |
| rapid identification of fruit length loci in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) using next-generation sequencing (ngs)-based qtl analysis. | the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) exhibits extensive variations in fruit size and shape. fruit length is an important agronomic and domesticated trait controlled by quantitative trait loci (qtls). nonetheless, the underlying molecular and genetic mechanisms that determine cucumber fruit length remain unclear. qtl-seq is an efficient strategy for qtl identification that takes advantage of bulked-segregant analysis (bsa) and next-generation sequencing (ngs). in the present study, we conducted qtl ... | 2016 | 27271557 |
| transcriptomic analysis reveals distinct resistant response by physcion and chrysophanol against cucumber powdery mildew. | physcion and chrysophanol induce defense responses against powdery mildew in cucumbers. the combination of these two compounds has synergistic interaction against the disease. we performed rna-seq on cucumber leaf samples treated with physcion and chrysophanol alone and with their combination. we generated 17.6 gb of high-quality sequencing data (∼2 gb per sample) and catalogued the expressions profiles of 12,293 annotated cucumber genes in each sample. we identified numerous differentially expr ... | 2016 | 27231648 |
| screening for anti-cancer compounds in marine organisms in oman. | marine organisms are a rich source of bioactive molecules with potential applications in medicine, biotechnology and industry; however, few bioactive compounds have been isolated from organisms inhabiting the arabian gulf and the gulf of oman. this study aimed to isolate and screen the anti-cancer activity of compounds and extracts from 40 natural products of marine organisms collected from the gulf of oman. | 2016 | 27226907 |
| baseline of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the surface sediment and sea cucumbers (holothuria leucospilota and stichopus hermanni) in the northern parts of persian gulf. | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were determined in the surface sediments and in the sea cucumbers (holothuria leucospilota and stichopus hermanni) from around six islands in the northern parts of persian gulf. the ranges of the average concentrations of pahs in surface sediments, h. leucospilota and s. hermanni were 10.33-186.16ngg(-1) dw, 12.49-505.44ngg(-1) dw and 8.08-389.39ngg(-1) dw, respectively. the spatial distribution of pahs reveals that pollutant concentration is relatively hi ... | 2016 | 27216041 |
| gibberellin is involved in inhibition of cucumber growth and nitrogen uptake at suboptimal root-zone temperatures. | suboptimal temperature stress often causes heavy yield losses of vegetables by suppressing plant growth during winter and early spring. gibberellin acid (ga) has been reported to be involved in plant growth and acquisition of mineral nutrients. however, no studies have evaluated the role of ga in the regulation of growth and nutrient acquisition by vegetables under conditions of suboptimal temperatures in greenhouse. here, we investigated the roles of ga in the regulation of growth and nitrate a ... | 2016 | 27213554 |
| integration of hormonal and nutritional cues orchestrates progressive corolla opening. | flower opening is essential for pollination and thus successful sexual reproduction; however, the underlying mechanisms of its timing control remain largely elusive. we identify a unique cucumber (cucumis sativus) line '6457' that produces normal ovaries when nutrients are under-supplied, and super ovaries (87%) with delayed corolla opening when nutrients are oversupplied. corolla opening in both normal and super ovaries is divided into four distinct phases, namely the green bud, green-yellow bu ... | 2016 | 27208289 |
| exogenous melatonin improves antioxidant defense in cucumber seeds (cucumis sativus l.) germinated under chilling stress. | the relationship between exogenous melatonin applied into cucumber seeds during osmopriming and modifications of their antioxidant defense was studied. accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione pool were investigated in embryonic axes isolated from the control, osmoprimed, and osmoprimed with melatonin seeds. germinating cucumber seeds are very sensitive to chilling. temperature 10°c causes oxidative stress in young seedlings. seed pre-treatment with melato ... | 2016 | 27200048 |
| ultrastructural changes associated with reversible stiffening in catch connective tissue of sea cucumbers. | the dermis of sea cucumbers is a catch connective tissue or a mutable collagenous tissue that shows rapid, large and reversible stiffness changes in response to stimulation. the main component of the dermis is the extracellular material composed of collagen fibrils embedded in a hydrogel of proteoglycans. the stiffness of the extracellular material determines that of the dermis. the dermis has three mechanical states: soft (sa), standard (sb) and stiff (sc). we studied the ultrastructural change ... | 2016 | 27192546 |
| sulfation pattern of fucose branches affects the anti-hyperlipidemic activities of fucosylated chondroitin sulfate. | fucosylated chondroitin sulfates (fcss) are glycosaminoglycans extracted from sea cucumbers, consisting of chondroitin sulfate e (cse) backbones and sulfated fucose branches. the biological properties of fcss could be affected by the sulfation pattern of their fucose branches. in the present study, two fcss were isolated from sea cucumbers isostichopus badionotus (fcs-ib) and pearsonothuria graeffei (fcs-pg). their monosaccharide compositions of glucuronic acid (glca), n-acetylgalactosamine (gal ... | 2016 | 27178902 |
| low coverage sequencing of three echinoderm genomes: the brittle star ophionereis fasciata, the sea star patiriella regularis, and the sea cucumber australostichopus mollis. | there are five major extant groups of echinodermata: crinoidea (feather stars and sea lillies), ophiuroidea (brittle stars and basket stars), asteroidea (sea stars), echinoidea (sea urchins, sea biscuits, and sand dollars), and holothuroidea (sea cucumbers). these animals are known for their pentaradial symmetry as adults, unique water vascular system, mutable collagenous tissues, and endoskeletons of high magnesium calcite. to our knowledge, the only echinoderm species with a genome sequence av ... | 2016 | 27175279 |
| molecular analysis of new sources of resistance to pseudoperonospora cubensis (berk. et curt.) rostovzev in cucumber. | downy mildew of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.), caused by pseudoperonospora cubensis (berk. et curt.) rostovzev, is one of the most important foliar diseases of cucurbit crops. two parental lines resistant pi 197085, susceptible pi 175695 and their f2 generation were used in our study. inheritance of resistance to pseudoperonospora cubensis in pi 197085 was quantitative. joimap 4.1 and mapqtl 6.0 software was used for a linkage groups construction and qtl mapping. three qtl were detected: dm1, dm ... | 2015 | 27169228 |
| effect of holothuria leucospilota extracted saponin on maturation of mice oocyte and granulosa cells. | sea cucumbers saponins are triterpenoid glycosides which exert beneficial biomedical effects. this study was performed to assess the effect of saponin extracted from sea cucumber holothuria leucospilota (h. leucospilota) on maturation of mice oocytes and granulosa cells. the germinal vesicles oocytes were collected from 6-8 weeks old naval medical research institute (nmri) mice ovaries, randomly divided into untreated and four experimental groups and cultured in vitro. maturation medium was supp ... | 2017 | 27168752 |
| root-zone warming differently benefits mature and newly unfolded leaves of cucumis sativus l. seedlings under sub-optimal temperature stress. | sub-optimal temperature extensively suppresses crop growth during cool-season greenhouse production. root-zone (rz) warming is considered an economical option to alleviate crop growth reduction. in this study we cultivated cucumber seedlings in nutrient solution under different air-rz temperature treatments to investigate the effects of rz warming on seedling growth- and photosynthesis-related parameters in leaves. the air-rz temperature treatments included sub-optimal rz temperature 13°c and su ... | 2016 | 27152599 |
| a high-density genetic linkage map for cucumber (cucumis sativus l.): based on specific length amplified fragment (slaf) sequencing and qtl analysis of fruit traits in cucumber. | high-density genetic linkage map plays an important role in genome assembly and quantitative trait loci (qtl) fine mapping. since the coming of next-generation sequencing, makes the structure of high-density linkage maps much more convenient and practical, which simplifies snp discovery and high-throughput genotyping. in this research, a high-density linkage map of cucumber was structured using specific length amplified fragment sequencing, using 153 f2 populations of s1000 × s1002. the high-den ... | 2016 | 27148281 |
| a proteoglycan-like molecule offers insights into ground substance changes during holothurian intestinal regeneration. | extracellular matrix remodeling is an essential component of regenerative processes in metazoans. among these animals, holothurians (sea cucumbers) are distinguished by their great regenerative capacities. we have previously shown that fibrous collagen as well as other fibrous components disappear from the connective tissue (ct) early during intestinal regeneration, and later return as the organ primordia form. we now report on changes of the nonfibrous component of the ct. we have used alcian b ... | 2016 | 27126824 |
| cucumarioside a2-2 causes changes in the morphology and proliferative activity in mouse spleen. | the immunomodulatory effect of triterpene glycoside cucumarioside a2-2 (ca2-2), isolated from the far eastern sea cucumber cucumaria japonica, on the mouse spleen was investigated in comparison with lipopolysaccharide (lps). it has been shown that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) glycoside administration did not influence on splenic weights, while the statistically significant increase in splenic weight was observed after lps administration. changes in the ratio of red to white pulp after ca2-2 or lps ... | 2016 | 27079859 |
| proteomics analysis of compatibility and incompatibility in grafted cucumber seedlings. | graft compatibility between rootstock and scion is the most important factor influencing the survival of grafted plants. in this study, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof/tof ms) to investigate differences in leaf proteomes of graft-compatible and graft-incompatible cucumber (cucumis sativus l.)/pumpkin (cucurbita l.) combinations. cucumber seedlings were used as the scions and two ... | 2016 | 27070289 |
| effects of heat shock on photosynthetic properties, antioxidant enzyme activity, and downy mildew of cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | heat shock is considered an abiotic stress for plant growth, but the effects of heat shock on physiological responses of cucumber plant leaves with and without downy mildew disease are still not clear. in this study, cucumber seedlings were exposed to heat shock in greenhouses, and the responses of photosynthetic properties, carbohydrate metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity, osmolytes, and disease severity index of leaves with or without the downy mildew disease were measured. results showed ... | 2016 | 27065102 |
| changes in sediment fatty acid composition during passage through the gut of deposit feeding holothurians: holothuria atra (jaeger, 1883) and holothuria leucospilota (brandt, 1835). | sea cucumbers holothuria atra and holothuria leucospilota play an important role in the bioturbation of sediment in coral reef and rocky intertidal ecosystems. this study investigated changes in sediment fatty acid (fa) composition during gut passage in h. atra and h. leucospilota. the fa composition did not differ significantly between species. comparison of fa composition in ambient sediment (as), foregut (fg), midgut (mg), hindgut (hg), and faecal pellets (fps) indicated that marked changes i ... | 2016 | 27042355 |
| microarray and genetic analysis reveals that csa-mir159b plays a critical role in abscisic acid-mediated heat tolerance in grafted cucumber plants. | root-shoot communication plays a vital role in plant growth, development and adaptation to environmental stimuli. grafting-induced stress tolerance is associated with the induction of plentiful stress-related genes and proteins; the mechanism involved, however, remains obscure. here, we show that the enhanced tolerance against heat stress in cucumber plants with luffa as rootstock was accompanied with an increased accumulation of abscisic acid (aba), down-regulation of a subset of micrornas (mir ... | 2016 | 27037862 |
| a fragment substitution in the promoter of cshdziv11/csgl3 is responsible for fruit spine density in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | the indel in the promoter of cshdziv11 co-segregates with fruit spine density and could be used for molecular breeding in cucumber. fruit spine density is an important quality trait for marketing in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). however, the molecular basis of fruit spine density in cucumber remains unclear. in this study, we isolated a mutant, few spines 1 (fs1), from cns2 (wild type, wt), a north china-type cucumber with a high density of fruit spines. genetic analysis showed that fs1 was con ... | 2016 | 27015676 |
| sea cucumber-inspired autolytic hydrogels exhibiting tunable high mechanical performances, repairability, and reusability. | inspired by stimuli-responsive remarkable changes in consistency (hardening, softening, autolysis) of sea cucumbers, we synthesized a supramolecular polymer(sp) hydrogel directly by photoinitiated aqueous polymerization of n-acryloyl 2-glycine monomer bearing one amide and one carboxyl group on the side chain. the sp hydrogels doped with ca(2+) demonstrated excellent mechanical properties-high tensile strength (∼1.3 mpa), large stretchability (up to 2300%), high compressive strength (∼10.8 mpa), ... | 2016 | 27014865 |
| 454-pyrosequencing reveals variable fungal diversity across farming systems. | oasis farming system is common in some parts of the world, especially in the arabian peninsula and several african countries. in oman, the farming system in the majority of farms follows a semi-oasis farming (sof) system, which is characterized by growing multiple crops mainly for home consumption, but also for local market. this study was conducted to investigate fungal diversity using pyrosequencing approach in soils from a farm utilizing a sof system which is cultivated with date palms, acid ... | 2016 | 27014331 |
| revisiting the iron pools in cucumber roots: identification and localization. | fe deficiency responses in strategy i causes a shift from the formation of partially removable hydrous ferric oxide on the root surface to the accumulation of fe-citrate in the xylem. iron may accumulate in various chemical forms during its uptake and assimilation in roots. the permanent and transient fe microenvironments formed during these processes in cucumber which takes up fe in a reduction based process (strategy i) have been investigated. the identification of fe microenvironments was car ... | 2016 | 27002973 |
| selective toxicity of persian gulf sea cucumber (holothuria parva) and sponge (haliclona oculata) methanolic extracts on liver mitochondria isolated from an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma. | natural products isolated from marine environments are well known for their pharmacodynamic potential in diverse disease treatments, such as for cancer or inflammatory conditions. sea cucumbers are marine animals of the phylum echinoderm and the class holothuroidea, with leathery skin and gelatinous bodies. sponges are important components of persian gulf animal communities, and the marine sponges of the genus haliclona have been known to display broad-spectrum biological activity. many studies ... | 2015 | 26977167 |
| [dangerous cucumbers - leylls syndrome]. | leylls syndrome (syndrome of toxic epidermal necrolysis) is a rare disease, firstly described by scottish doctor of medicine allan lyell in 1956. it is characterized by huge skin and mucosa necrolysis, which affects at least 30 % of body surface, and systemic symptoms. according to the frequency of the occurrence it is an extremely rare condition, with an incidence of 0.5-2 cases per million residents per year. leylls syndrome is considered as a toxoallergic reaction, triggered mostly by some me ... | 2016 | 26967239 |
| characterization of the fatty acid desaturase genes in cucumber: structure, phylogeny, and expression patterns. | fatty acid desaturases (fads) introduce double bonds into the hydrocarbon chains of fatty acids to produce unsaturated fatty acids, and therefore play a critical role in plant development and acclimation to environmental stresses. in this study, 23 full-length fad genes in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) were identified through database searches, including three csfab2 genes, two csfad2 genes, fourteen csfad5 genes, and one gene each for csfad3, csfad4, csfad6 and csfad7. these cucumber fad genes ... | 2016 | 26938877 |
| an exon skipping in a sepallata-like gene is associated with perturbed floral and fruits development in cucumber. | we isolated a mutant showing perturbations in the development of male and female floral organs and fruits. analysis of the single nucleotide polymorphisms from bulked f2 pools identified the causative variant occurring in csa4g126690. csa4g126690 shows high homology to arabidopsis sepallata2 (sep2) thus being designated cssep2. the causative variant was located on the splicing site of cssep2, resulting in the skipping of exon 6 and abolishment of the transcriptional activity. our data suggest th ... | 2016 | 26936301 |
| map-based cloning, identification and characterization of the w gene controlling white immature fruit color in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | a single-nucleotide insertion resulted in a premature stop codon that is responsible for white immature fruit color in cucumber. despite our previous progress in the mapping of the gene controlling white color in immature cucumber fruit and the identification of candidate genes, the specific gene that governs chlorophyll metabolism and its regulatory mechanism remains unknown. here, we generated a mapping population consisting of 9497 f2 plants to delimit the controlling gene to an 8.2-kb physic ... | 2016 | 26934889 |
| (1)h nmr and gc-ms based metabolomics reveal nano-cu altered cucumber (cucumis sativus) fruit nutritional supply. | it is imperative to study the interaction of nanoparticles residuals with crop plants in agricultural soils, due to the increased application of nanotechnology in agriculture. so far, a few studies have focused on the impact of nanoparticles on fruit quality and nutritional supply. in this work, a thorough and comprehensive analysis of metabolite changes of cucumber fruits from plants under nano-cu stress was possible through the use of both (1)h nmr and gc-ms. the results of supervised partial ... | 2017 | 26922143 |
| assessing biochar ecotoxicology for soil amendment by root phytotoxicity bioassays. | soil amendment with biochar has been proposed as effective in improving agricultural land fertility and carbon sequestration, although the characterisation and certification of biochar quality are still crucial for widespread acceptance for agronomic purposes. we describe here the effects of four biochars (conifer and poplar wood, grape marc, wheat straw) at increasing application rates (0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50% w/w) on both germination and root elongation of cucumis sativus l., lepidium sativu ... | 2016 | 26884353 |
| different cucumber csyuc genes regulate response to abiotic stresses and flower development. | the phytohormone auxin is essential for plant growth and development, and yucca (yuc) proteins catalyze a rate-limiting step for endogenous auxin biosynthesis. despite yuc family genes have been isolated from several species, systematic expression analyses of yucs in response to abiotic stress are lacking, and little is known about the function of yuc homologs in agricultural crops. cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is a world cultivated vegetable crop with great economical and nutritional value. in ... | 2016 | 26857463 |
| a new glabrous gene (csgl3) identified in trichome development in cucumber (cucumis sativus l.). | spines or trichomes on the fruit of cucumbers enhance their commercial value in china. in addition, glabrous mutants exhibit resistance to aphids and therefore their use by growers can reduce pesticide residues. previous studies have reported two glabrous mutant plants containing the genes, csgl1 and csgl2. in the present study, a new glabrous mutant, ncg157, was identified showing a gene interaction effect with csgl1 and csgl2. this mutant showed the glabrous character on stems, leaves, tendril ... | 2016 | 26845560 |
| sea cucumbers of the genus stichopus brandt, 1835 (holothuroidea, stichopodidae) in straits of malacca with description of a new species. | five sea cucumber species including one new species of the genus stichopus are reported from the shallow coral reefs of straits of malacca. the new species stichopus fusiformiossa has unusual fusiform spicules in the tentacles, which are not found in the other species of the genus. pseudo-tables and large perforated plates are newly recorded for stichopus hermanni semper, 1868 and stichopus vastus sluiter, 1887, respectively. | 2015 | 26798290 |
| assessment of genetic diversity of cucumber cultivars in china based on simple sequence repeats and fruit traits. | the cucumber (cucumis sativus l.) is an important crop grown worldwide. in this study, the genetic diversity of 42 cucumber cultivars in china was analyzed using 51 pairs of simple sequence repeat (ssr) primers. these primers identified 129 polymorphic loci, 95.6% of which were polymorphic. the mean effective number of alleles, mean nei's gene diversity, and mean shannon's information index were 0.36, 0.16, and 0.21, respectively. a cluster analysis demonstrated that the 42 cultivars could be di ... | 2015 | 26782553 |
| cloning of superoxide dismutase from post-harvest hami melon and quantitative expression analysis before and after disease. | primers were designed according to the cu/zn-sod gene sequences of cloned cucurbits plants (cucumbers and watermelons) available in ncbi. total rna from hami melon pulp was used as a template. following rt-pcr amplification, a 403-bp fragment of the hami melon cu/zn-sod gene was obtained. according to alignment in blast and phylogenetic tree analysis, the cloned gene fragment was confirmed to be the hami melon cu/zn-sod gene sequence. real-time fluorescence quantitative expression analysis indic ... | 2015 | 26782470 |
| a unique approach to demonstrating that apical bud temperature specifically determines leaf initiation rate in the dicot cucumis sativus. | leaf initiation rate is largely determined by the apical bud temperature even when apical bud temperature largely deviates from the temperature of other plant organs. we have long known that the rate of leaf initiation (lir) is highly sensitive to temperature, but previous studies in dicots have not rigorously demonstrated that apical bud temperature controls lir independent of other plant organs temperature. many models assume that apical bud and leaf temperature are the same. in some environme ... | 2016 | 26769623 |
| heavy metal accumulation in tissues of two sea cucumbers, holothuria leucospilota and holothuria scabra in the northern part of qeshm island, persian gulf. | the concentrations of some heavy metals (cd, cu, zn andpb) were investigated in the sediments and the two species of sea cucumber (holothuria leucospilota and holothuria scabra) from northern part of qeshm island, persian gulf. the levels of cu, zn and pb in sediment varied significantly among sampling sites (p<0.05). the highest levels of zn and pb in h. leucospilota were recorded in body wall whereas the highest contents of zn and pb in h. scabra were measured in respiratory tree organ, respec ... | 2016 | 26769107 |
| phytotoxic effects and phytochemical fingerprinting of hydrodistilled oil, enriched fractions, and isolated compounds obtained from cryptocarya massoy (oken) kosterm. bark. | the hydrodistilled oil of cryptocarya massoy bark was characterized by gc-fid and gc/ms analyses, allowing the identification of unusual c10 massoia lactone (3, 56.2%), c12 massoia lactone (4, 16.5%), benzyl benzoate (1, 12.7%), c8 massoia lactone (3.4%), δ-decalactone (5, 1.5%), and benzyl salicylate (2, 1.8%) as main constituents. the phytotoxic activities of the oil, three enriched fractions (lactone-rich, ester-rich, and sesquiterpene-rich), and four constituents (compounds 1, 2, 5, and δ-do ... | 2016 | 26765353 |