| interaction of media on production and biocontrol efficacy of pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis against grey mould of apple. | the medium has a profound effect on biocontrol agents, including ability to grow and effectiveness in disease control. in this study, growth and antagonistic efficacy of strains p-5 and p-35 (p. fluorescens), b-3 and b-16 (b. subtilis) were evaluated in combinations of two carbon (sucrose and molasses) and two nitrogen (urea and yeast extract) sources to optimize control of botrytis cinerea on apple. all of the strains were grown in different liquid media (ph = 6.9) including: sucrose + yeast ex ... | 2008 | 19226761 |
| control of sorghum halepense (l.) species in western part of romania. | sorghum holepense is an extremely wide spread species, being met in many european, asian, american and african countries and covering approximately 1/3 of the land cultivated with fields crops, grapevine, fruit trees and vegetables. in romania, sorghum halepense is present in almost all the country, invading in hoed-plants ad vegetable crops as well as grapevine and fruit-tree plantations. the losses caused by sorghum halepense are enormous; in case of maize and sugar beet crops, these losses re ... | 2008 | 19226849 |
| characterization of root-knot nematode resistance in medicago truncatula. | root knot (meloidogyne spp.) and cyst (heterodera and globodera spp.) nematodes infect all important crop species, and the annual economic loss due to these pathogens exceeds $90 billion. we screened the worldwide accession collection with the root-knot nematodes meloidogyne incognita, m. arenaria and m. hapla, soybean cyst nematode (scn-heterodera glycines), sugar beet cyst nematode (sbcn-heterodera schachtii) and clover cyst nematode (clcn-heterodera trifolii), revealing resistant and suscepti ... | 2008 | 19259519 |
| evaluation of biocontrol activity of rhizobacteria from beta vulgaris against heterodera schachtii. | one hundred fifty rhizobacteria isolated from roots of swiss chard grown in a soil suppressive to the sugar beet cyst nematode, heterodera schachtii, were tested for their influence on the nematode's ability to hatch and infect roots. two screening systems were used that focused on the ability of bacteria to inhibit either nematode hatching or root infection. most of the bacterial strains reduced hatching in vitro compared to the control, while with 5% of the strains there were 0% hatch. seven p ... | 1999 | 19270875 |
| survey of crop losses in response to phytoparasitic nematodes in the united states for 1994. | previous reports of crop losses to plant-parasitic nematodes have relied on published results of survey data based on certain commodities, including tobacco, peanuts, cotton, and soybean. reports on crop-loss assessment by land-grant universities and many commodity groups generally are no longer available, with the exception of the university of georgia, the beltwide cotton conference, and selected groups concerned with soybean. the society of nematologists extension committee contacted extensio ... | 1999 | 19270925 |
| identification of cyst nematodes of agronomic and regulatory concern with pcr-rflp of its1. | the first internally transcribed spacer region (its1) from cyst nematode species (heteroderidae) was compared by nucleotide sequencing and pcr-rflp. european, asian, and north american isolates of five heterodefid species were examined to assess intraspecific variation. pcr-rflp patterns of amplified its1 dna from pea cyst nematode, heterodera goettingiana, from northern ireland were identical with patterns from washington state. sequencing demonstrated that its1 heterogeneity existed within ind ... | 1997 | 19274157 |
| importance of different physiological groups of iron reducing microorganisms in an acidic mining lake remediation experiment. | iron- and sulfate-reducing microorganisms play an important role for alkalinity-generating processes in mining lakes with low ph. in the acidic mining lake 111 in lusatia, germany, a passive in situ remediation method was tested in a large scale experiment, in which microbial iron and sulfate reduction are stimulated by addition of carbokalk (a mixture of the nonsugar compounds of sugar beets and lime) and straw. the treated surface sediment consisted of three layers of different ph and geochemi ... | 2009 | 19277769 |
| damage to italian crops caused by cyst-forming nematodes. | investigations were undertaken in 1982-88 to estimate yield losses of carrot, sugarbeet, wheat, and potato caused by cyst-forming nematodes (heterodera and globodera species) in several provinces of italy. soil samples were collected at planting in 0.5-ha sampling areas distributed in each crop's major production area. yield loss estimates were based on nematode population estimates and on curves derived earlier relating nematode densities with crop yields in italy. estimated yield loss values w ... | 1993 | 19279850 |
| host status of selected crops to meloidogyne chitwoodi. | various crops were tested in greenhouse and field trials for their potential utility in the rotation sequence in the potato cropping system in meloidogyne chitwoodi-infested soils of the klamath basin in northeastern california and southern oregon. two solarium accessions from the international potato center in peru were potential sources of resistance to m. chitwoodi. cultivars of barley, oat, rye, wheat, and white lupine were maintenance hosts, supporting the nematode population at its current ... | 1993 | 19279852 |
| extraction of cyst nematodes from organic soils. | the effects of extraction technique, sample size, soil moisture level, and overflow rate on recovery of globodera rostochiensis and (or) heterodera schachtii cysts from organic soils were investigated. a modified fenwick can (mfc) and an underflow elutriator (ue) described in this paper were evaluated and compared for cyst recovery efficiency and amount of organic flotsam collected. the mfc and ue extracted similar numbers of cysts, but the ue collected 50% less flotsam than the mfc. sample size ... | 1987 | 19290113 |
| transport of the nematicide oxamyl in roots transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes. | infection of roots transformed with agrobacterium rhizogenes by meloidogyne incognita and heterodera schachtii second-stage juveniles was established in bicompartmental petri dishes. one compartment contained the murashige and skoog agar medium and the nematicide oxamyl, and the other compartment contained water agar. transformed roots of carrot, tomato, alfalfa, cowpea, rape, and sugarbeet were placed in the nutrient compartment and grew over the barrier that divided the petri dishes and into t ... | 1988 | 19290298 |
| in vitro and in vivo antagonism of actinomycetes isolated from moroccan rhizospherical soils against sclerotium rolfsii: a causal agent of root rot on sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.). | to evaluate the ability of the isolated actinomycetes to inhibit in vitro plant pathogenic fungi and the efficacy of promising antagonistic isolates to reduce in vivo the incidence of root rot induced by sclerotium rolfsii on sugar beet. | 2009 | 19302305 |
| nutrition of the aged horse. | this article reviews current thoughts on nutrition of the older horse in health and disease. common causes of weight loss and poor body condition in old horses include dental or oral cavity abnormalities, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, and reduced feed intake attributable to competition from herd mates or pain associated with osteoarthritis. feed intake and body condition may improve after institution of management changes. thin but otherwise healthy old horses can benefit from a diet th ... | 2009 | 19303557 |
| development of heterodera schachtii on large rooted crop plants and the significance of root debris as substratum for increasing field infestations. | heterodera schachtii developed to maturity and reproduced on the lateral roots of defoliated sugarbeet which were buried to a depth of 2.5 cm in sterilized soil and inoculated with cysts. nematodes did not develop on detached lateral roots or on roots of young defoliated beets which did not have a large tap root. the storage roots of large rooted plants were sliced, placed in small jars, inoculated with cysts, covered with moist granulated agar or soil and incubated at 24 degrees c 12-62 days. t ... | 1972 | 19319274 |
| antagonistic interaction of heterodera schachtii schmidt and fusarium oxysporum (woll.) on sugarbeets. | in a field experiment, nematicides controlled the disease of sugarbeets caused by heterodera schachtii and fusarium oxysporum. biocides that were both fungicidal and nematicidal also controlled the disease, but sugar yields were no higher than those obtained with the plain nematicides. in greenhouse experiments, the interaction between h. schachtii and f. oxysporam was disadvantageous to the nematode. damage to sugarbeets was less when the fungus and the nematode were present than when only the ... | 1970 | 19322329 |
| characterisation of a new thermoalkaliphilic bacterium for the production of high-quality hemp fibres, geobacillus thermoglucosidasius strain pb94a. | novel thermophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria for the processing of bast fibres were isolated using hemp pectin as substrate. the strain pb94a, which showed the highest growth rate (micro = 0.5/h) was identified as geobacillus thermoglucosidasius (dsm 21625). the strain grew optimally at 60 degrees c and ph 8.5. during growth on citrus pectin, the strain produced pectinolytic lyases, which were excreted into the medium. in contrast to the commercially available pectinase bioprep 3000 l, the enzym ... | 2009 | 19333594 |
| wool-waste as organic nutrient source for container-grown plants. | a container experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that uncomposted wool wastes could be used as nutrient source and growth medium constituent for container-grown plants. the treatments were: (1) rate of wool-waste application (0 or unamended control, 20, 40, 80, and 120 g of wool per 8-in. pot), (2) growth medium constituents [(2.1) wool plus perlite, (2.2) wool plus peat, and (2.3) wool plus peat plus perlite], and (3) plant species (basil and swiss chard). a single addition of 20, 40 ... | 2009 | 19345569 |
| production of microsclerotia of the fungal entomopathogen metarhizium anisopliae and their potential for use as a biocontrol agent for soil-inhabiting insects. | microsclerotia (ms), overwintering structures produced by many plant pathogenic fungi, have not been described for metarhizium anisopliae. three strains of m. anisopliae--f52, tm109, and ma1200--formed ms in shake flask cultures using media with varying carbon concentrations and carbon-to-nitrogen (c:n) ratios. under the conditions of this study, all strains produced ms, compact hyphal aggregates that become pigmented with culture age, in addition to more typical blastospores and mycelia. while ... | 2009 | 19358886 |
| developmental complexity of arabinan polysaccharides and their processing in plant cell walls. | plant cell walls are constructed from a diversity of polysaccharide components. molecular probes directed to structural elements of these polymers are required to assay polysaccharide structures in situ, and to determine polymer roles in the context of cell wall biology. here, we report on the isolation and the characterization of three rat monoclonal antibodies that are directed to 1,5-linked arabinans and related polymers. lm13, lm16 and lm17, together with lm6, constitute a set of antibodies ... | 2009 | 19392693 |
| combined mri-pet dissects dynamic changes in plant structures and functions. | unravelling the factors determining the allocation of carbon to various plant organs is one of the great challenges of modern plant biology. studying allocation under close to natural conditions requires non-invasive methods, which are now becoming available for measuring plants on a par with those developed for humans. by combining magnetic resonance imaging (mri) and positron emission tomography (pet), we investigated three contrasting root/shoot systems growing in sand or soil, with respect t ... | 2009 | 19392708 |
| the influence of dietary fibre source and gender on the postprandial glucose and lipid response in healthy subjects. | consumption of soluble dietary fibre is correlated with decreased postprandial glucose and insulin responses and hence has beneficial effects on the metabolic syndrome. | 2009 | 19415409 |
| hchl expression in hairy roots of beta vulgaris yields a high accumulation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (phba) glucose ester, and linkage of phba into cell walls. | as part of a study to explore the potential for new or modified bio-product formation, beta vulgaris (sugar beet) has been genetically modified to express in root-organ culture a bacterial gene of phenylpropanoid catabolism. the hchl gene, encoding p-hydroxycinnamoyl-coa hydratase/lyase, was introduced into b. vulgaris under the control of a camv 35s promoter, using agrobacterium rhizogenes lba 9402. hairy root clones expressing the hchl gene, together with non-expressing clones, were analysed a ... | 2009 | 19457657 |
| effect of white wheat bread containing sugar beet fiber on serum lipids and hepatic mrna in rats fed on a cholesterol-free diet. | we examined the effects of white wheat bread powder (bp) and white wheat bread powder containing sugar beet fiber (bbp) on serum cholesterol. the total cholesterol (-11%, -16%), hdl-cholesterol (-12%, -11%), non-hdl-cholesterol (-9%, -18%) and triacylglycerol (-44%, -58%) concentrations in the bp and bbp groups, respectively, were significantly different from those in the control group. the fecal excretion of neutral sterols in the bp and bbp groups and of acidic sterols in the bbp group was sig ... | 2009 | 19502741 |
| fluctuations in number of cercospora beticola conidia in relationship to environment and disease severity in sugar beet. | cercospora leaf spot, caused by cercospora beticola, is the most damaging foliar disease of sugar beet in minnesota (mn) and north dakota (nd). research was conducted to characterize the temporal progression of aerial concentration of c. beticola conidia in association with the environment and disease severity in sugar beet. in 2003 and 2004, volumetric spore traps were placed within inoculated sugar beet plots to determine daily dispersal of conidia at breckenridge, mn, and st. thomas, nd. plot ... | 2009 | 19522577 |
| direct enzymatic production of oligosaccharide mixtures from sugar beet pulp: experimental evaluation and mathematical modeling. | the potential of sugar beet pulp as raw material for neutral and acidic oligosaccharide production by direct enzymatic treatment was evaluated. the effect of the polygalacturonase to solid ratio (pgasesr), cellulase activity to polygalacturonase activity ratio (cpgaser), and reaction time (t) on several dependent variables (selected to quantify the mass of recovered liquors, the conversion of each polysaccharide into monosaccharides, and the conversion of each polysaccharide into oligomers) was ... | 2009 | 19530718 |
| identification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 pathogenicity factor-interacting sugar beet proteins that represent putative virus targets or components of plant resistance. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) induces the most important disease threatening sugar beet. the growth of partially resistant hybrids carrying monogenic dominant resistance genes stabilize yield but are unable to entirely prevent virus infection and replication. p25 is responsible for symptom development and previous studies have shown that recently occurring resistance-breaking isolates possess increased p25 variability. to better understand the viral pathogenicity factor's interplay wit ... | 2009 | 19589075 |
| assessment of the pectin degrading enzyme network of aspergillus niger by functional genomics. | the saprobic fungus aspergillus niger is an efficient producer of a suite of extracellular enzymes involved in carbohydrate modification and degradation. genome mining has resulted in the prediction of at least 39 genes encoding enzymes involved in the depolymerisation of the backbone of pectin. additional genes,encoding enzymatic activities required for the degradation of the arabinan and arabinogalactan sidechains were predicted as well. dna microarray analysis was used to study the condition- ... | 2009 | 19618506 |
| [effects of endophytic paenibacillus polymyxa s-7 on photosynthesis, yield, and quality of sugar beet]. | this study showed that inoculation of endophytic paenibacillus polymyxa s-7 could significantly (p < 0.05) promote the photosynthesis of sugar beet. after the inoculation, the leaf net photosynthetic rate (pn), stomatal limitation (ls), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rate (tr) increased by 16.11%, 23.82%, 41.91%, and 34.80%, respectively, while the stomatal intercellular co2 concentration (ci) decreased by 21.09%. inoculation of endophytic p. polymyxa s-7 could also increase sugar ... | 2009 | 19637598 |
| effect of dietary level of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets. | to study the interaction between the levels of protein and fiber on the productive performance and health status of piglets, ninety-six 35-d-old piglets (9.11 +/- 0.60 kg of bw) were placed in 32 pens of 3 animals each and allotted to 4 dietary treatments for 21 d. the 4 diets were based on rice, dairy products, and soybean meal in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments, with 2 levels of cp (15.4 vs. 19.4%, as-fed basis) and 2 levels of dietary fiber [df; low fiber (lf) 5.3% ndf and high fi ... | 2009 | 19648494 |
| ecology and characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing microorganisms on and in plants. | polyhydroxyalkanoates are energy reserve polymers produced by bacteria to survive periods of starvation in natural habitats. little is known about the ecology of polyhydroxyalkanoate-producing bacteria. to analyse the occurrence of this specific group on/in seven different plant species, a combined strategy containing culture-dependent and -independent methods was applied. using microbial fingerprint techniques (single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis with specific primers for phac gene ... | 2009 | 19656194 |
| fermentative hydrogen production from pretreated biomass: a comparative study. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of employing biomass resources from different origin as feedstocks for fermentative hydrogen production. mild-acid pretreated and hydrolysed barley straw (bs) and corn stalk (cs), hydrolysed barley grains (bg) and corn grains (cg), and sugar beet extract (sb) were comparatively evaluated for fermentative hydrogen production. pretreatments and/or enzymatic hydrolysis led to 27, 37, 56, 74 and 45 g soluble sugars/100 g dry bs, cs, bg, cg and sb, r ... | 2009 | 19656677 |
| addition of microbially-treated sugar beet residue and a native bacterium increases structural stability in heavy metal-contaminated mediterranean soils. | a mesocosm experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of aspergillus niger-treated sugar beet waste, in the presence of rock phosphate, and inoculation with a native, metal-tolerant bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis, on the stabilisation of soil aggregates of two mine tailings, with differing ph values, from a semiarid mediterranean area and on the stimulation of growth of piptatherum miliaceum. bacterium combined with organic amendment enhanced structural stability (38% ... | 2009 | 19660785 |
| effect of maize starch concentration in the diet on starch and cell wall digestion in the dairy cow. | an in vivo experiment was performed to determine the effect of level of maize starch in the diet on digestion and site of digestion of organic matter, starch and neutral detergent fibre (ndf). in a repeated change-over design experiment, three cows fitted with a rumen cannula and t-piece cannulae in duodenum and ileum received a low-starch (12% of ration dry matter) and a high-starch (33% of ration dry matter) diet. starch level was increased by exchanging dried sugar beet pulp by ground maize. ... | 2010 | 19663985 |
| effects of sugar beet chitinase iv on root-associated fungal community of transgenic silver birch in a field trial. | heterogenous chitinases have been introduced in many plant species with the aim to increase the resistance of plants to fungal diseases. we studied the effects of the heterologous expression of sugar beet chitinase iv on the intensity of ectomycorrhizal (ecm) colonization and the structure of fungal communities in the field trial of 15 transgenic and 8 wild-type silver birch (betula pendula roth) genotypes. fungal sequences were separated in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and identified ... | 2009 | 19697057 |
| bacterial community composition in the rhizosphere of a transgenic, herbicide-resistant maize (zea mays) and comparison to its non-transgenic cultivar bosphore. | bacterial communities in rhizospheres of transgenic maize (zea mays, with the pat-gene conferring resistance to the herbicide glufosinate; syn. l-phosphinothricin) were compared to its isogenic, non-transgenic cultivar. total dna was extracted from bacterial cell consortia collected from rhizospheres of plants grown in an agricultural field. with the use of three different primer pairs binding to evolutionarily conserved regions of the bacterial 16s rrna gene, partial sequences were amplified by ... | 2002 | 19709208 |
| two dnab genes are associated with the origin of replication of pqbr55, an exogenously isolated plasmid from the rhizosphere of sugar beet. | plasmid pqbr55 ( approximately 149 kb) represents one of five (groups i-v) genetically distinct transfer proficient, mercury resistance plasmid groups that have been observed in the phytosphere pseudomonad community at a single geographic location in oxford, uk. a 4.9-kb hindiii fragment was cloned from pqbr55 (a group iii plasmid) that facilitates autonomous replication of a narrow host range cloning vector, pkil29, in the non-permissive host pseudomonas putida uwc1. sequencing revealed that th ... | 2002 | 19709280 |
| effect of fermentable carbohydrates on piglet faecal bacterial communities as revealed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis of 16s ribosomal dna. | the effect of fermentable carbohydrates (sugar beet pulp and fructooligosaccharides) on the faecal bacterial communities of weaning piglets was analysed using 16s rdna-based approaches. amplicons of the v6-v8 variable regions of bacterial 16s rdna were analysed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), cloning and sequencing. differences in piglet faecal bacterial community structure were determined based on the dice coefficients for pairwise comparison of the dgge fingerprints and reve ... | 2003 | 19719683 |
| heterologous production of the piromyces equi cinnamoyl esterase in trichoderma reesei for biotechnological applications. | the objective of the study was to produce and characterize the cinnamoyl esterase esta from the anaerobic fungus piromyces equi for potential industrial applications. | 2009 | 19780949 |
| phytostabilization of amended soils polluted with trace elements using the mediterranean shrub: rosmarinus officinalis. | we evaluate the mid-term effects of two amendments and the establishment of r. officinalis on chemical and biochemical properties in a trace element contaminated soil by a mine spill and the possible use of this plant for stabilization purposes. the experiment was carried out using containers filled with trace element polluted soil, where four treatments were established: organic treatment (biosolid compost, oar), inorganic treatment (sugar beet lime, iar), control with plant (nar) and control w ... | 2009 | 19810354 |
| thermal stabilization of erwinia chrysanthemi pectin methylesterase a for application in a sugar beet pulp biorefinery. | directed evolution approaches were used to construct a thermally stabilized variant of erwinia chrysanthemi pectin methylesterase a. the final evolved enzyme has four amino acid substitutions that together confer a t(m) value that is approximately 11 degrees c greater than that of the wild-type enzyme, while maintaining near-wild-type kinetic properties. the specific activity, with saturating substrate, of the thermally stabilized enzyme is greater than that of the wild-type enzyme when both are ... | 2009 | 19820151 |
| vector transmission of a plant-pathogenic bacterium in the arsenophonus clade sharing ecological traits with facultative insect endosymbionts. | the planthopper pentastiridius leporinus (hemiptera: cixiidae) is the major vector of a nonculturable plant-pathogenic gamma-3 proteobacterium associated with a disease of sugar beet called syndrome "basses richesses" (sbr). the bacterium, here called sbr bacterium, belongs to the arsenophonous clade, which includes mostly insect-associated facultative symbionts. assays using field-collected planthopper nymphs and adults were carried out to investigate the interaction of sbr bacterium with the i ... | 2009 | 19821733 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of rhizobia associated with acacia saligna (labill.) wendl. in nurseries from algeria. | twenty seven rhizobial strains associated with acacia saligna grown in northern and southern algeria were characterized, including generation time, host-range, the 16s rrna gene and 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer restriction patterns, 16s rrna gene sequence analysis and tolerance to salinity and drought. cross inoculation tests indicated that 11 slow-growing isolates from northern nurseries were able to nodulate introduced australian acacias exclusively, whereas 16 fast-growing isolates, mainly ... | 2010 | 19836181 |
| isolation of bnyvv coat protein-specific single chain fv from a mouse phage library antibody. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infects sugar beet plants worldwide and is responsible for the rhizomania disease and severe economic losses. disease severity and lack of naturally occurring resistant plants make it very difficult to control the virus, both from epidemiological and economic standpoints. therefore, early detection is vital to impose hygiene restrictions and prevent further spread of the virus in the field. immunoassays are one of the most popular methodologies for the pri ... | 2009 | 19857111 |
| restoration of high zinc and lead tailings with municipal biosolids and lime: a field study. | a field study was conducted to test the ability of biosolids (bs) and different types of lime to increase soil ph, neutralize subsoil acidity, and restore a vegetative cover to alluvial mine tailings in leadville, co. the tailings had soil ph of 5.2 and total cd, pb, and zn of 75+/-20, 2600+/-1100, and 6700+/-1900 mg kg(-1). types of lime included agricultural lime (al), sugar beet lime (sbl), and lime kiln dust (lkd) applied at 224 mg ha(-1) calcium carbonate equivalent. plots were established ... | 2009 | 19875774 |
| effect of dietary fiber and fat on performance and digestive traits of broilers from one to twenty-one days of age. | the influence of fiber source and dietary fat level on digestive traits and productive performance was studied in broilers from 1 to 21 d of age. there were 6 treatments arranged factorially with 3 sources of fiber (none; 3% oat hulls, oh; and 3% sugar beet pulp, sbp) and 2 fat sources (5% soybean oil, so; and 5% yellow grease, yg). each treatment was replicated 6 times and the experimental unit was a cage with 18 broilers. fiber inclusion improved bw gain (p < or = 0.05) and feed:gain ratio (p ... | 2009 | 19903955 |
| fiber-related digestive processes in three different breeds of pigs. | the hypothesis examined in this experiment was that, because of intensive selection for greater daily bw gains and efficient utilization of concentrated low-fiber diets, modern pig breeds differ from old local breeds in their physiological ability to respond to soluble dietary fiber. thus, the old local breeds, schwaebisch haellisches schwein (sh) and bunte bentheimer (bb), and a modern crossbred pig (cb) were used in metabolism trials to study fiber-related digestion, including microbial hindgu ... | 2010 | 19933429 |
| antagonistic activity of bacteria isolated from crops cultivated in a rotation system and a monoculture against pythium debaryanum and fusarium oxysporum. | the effect of crop rotation and monocropping on the occurrence of bacteria with antagonistic activity toward pythium debaryanum and fusarium oxysporum was shown. arthrobacter spp., fluorescent pseudomonas spp. and actinomycetes were isolated from winter rape, sugar beet and winter barley rhizosphere and bulk soil from the plots of a long-term crop rotation experiment (18 years). the occurrence of mycoantagonistic isolates and their antibiosis level exhibited specificity for the site, crop and cr ... | 2009 | 19937218 |
| [elaboration of the in vitro model system to study the interaction of phytopathogenic mollicutes with plant cells]. | the model system based on the sugar beet calluses infected by mycoplasms (mollicutes) was elaborated, and changes in the callus cells morphology under the effect of these microorganisms were also studied. the calluses of sugar beet 3k51 cultivated on the gamborg medium were infected by phytopathogenic mollicute acholaplasma laidlawii var. granulum str.118. under the effect of mollicute infection one could observe changes in the cell morphology of sugar beet calluses: the plant cells were transfo ... | 2009 | 19938618 |
| arabidopsis spermidine synthase is targeted by an effector protein of the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. | cyst nematodes are sedentary plant parasites that cause dramatic cellular changes in the plant root to form feeding cells, so-called syncytia. 10a06 is a cyst nematode secretory protein that is most likely secreted as an effector into the developing syncytia during early plant parasitism. a homolog of the uncharacterized soybean cyst nematode (heterodera glycines), 10a06 gene was cloned from the sugar beet cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii), which is able to infect arabidopsis (arabidopsis tha ... | 2010 | 19965964 |
| functional cloning and expression of a novel endo-alpha-1,5-l-arabinanase from a metagenomic library. | a novel endo-alpha-l-arabinanase gene (arn2) was isolated, and expressed in e. coli in active form. the recombinant enzyme (arn2) had optimum activity at ph 6.0 and 45-50( degrees )c with stability between ph 5.0-8.0 and at temperatures up to 40( degrees )c. the recombinant arn2 catalyzed internal cleavage of alpha-1,5 glycosidic bonds of cm-arabinan, debranched arabinan, linear arabinan, and sugar beet (native) arabinan at rates of decreasing order, and was inactive on wheat arabinoxylan and p- ... | 2009 | 20001905 |
| breakdown of host resistance by independent evolutionary lineages of beet necrotic yellow vein virus involves a parallel c/u mutation in its p25 gene. | abstract breakdown of sugar beet rz1-mediated resistance against beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) infection was previously found, by reverse genetics, to be caused by a single mutation in its p25 gene. the possibility of alternative breaking mutations, however, has not been discarded. to explore the natural diversity of bnyvv in the field and its effects on overcoming rz1, wild-type (wt) and resistance-breaking (rb) p25 genes from diverse production regions of north america were character ... | 2010 | 20055646 |
| the genome of beet cryptic virus 1 shows high homology to certain cryptoviruses present in phylogenetically distant hosts. | this study determined the complete nucleotide sequence of beet cryptic virus 1 (bcv1). as expected by analogy to previously sequenced alphacryptoviruses, dsrna1 (2008 bp) encodes a 72.5-kda protein containing sequence motifs characteristic for rna-dependent rna polymerases (rdrp). in addition to the full-length dsrna1, a truncated form was also detected in dsrna extracts. dsrna2 (1783 bp) codes for the viral coat protein (cp) as proven by the identity of the predicted cp sequence to peptide sequ ... | 2010 | 20058060 |
| [the influence of colonizing methylobacteria on morphogenesis and resistance of sugar beet and white cabbage plants to erwinia carotovora]. | the influence of colonization of sugar beet (beta vulgaris var. saccharifera (alef) krass) and white cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata l.) plants by methylotrophic bacteria methylovorus mays on the growth, rooting, and plant resistance to phytopathogen bacteria erwinia carotovora was investigated. the colonization by methylobacteria led to their steady association with the plants which had increased growth speed, root formation and photosynthetic activity. the colonized plants had increas ... | 2009 | 20067151 |
| biosurfactant production in sugar beet molasses by some pseudomonas spp. | in this study rhamnolipid biosurfactant production was investigated in eighteen strains of pseudomonas spp.. rhamnolipid by these strains was determined by a spectrophotometric method in nutrient broth medium (nb). from the 18 strains screened, two pseudomonas strains (pseudomonas luteola b17 and pseudomonas putida b12) which had produced the highest percentage yield of rhamnolipid were examined for rhamnolipid production at different incubation times (24, 48 and 72 hr) and different sugar beet ... | 2009 | 20112880 |
| bnyvv-derived dsrna confers resistance to rhizomania disease of sugar beet as evidenced by a novel transgenic hairy root approach. | agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed sugar beet hairy roots, expressing dsrna from the beet necrotic yellow vein virus replicase gene, were used as a novel approach to assess the efficacy of three intron-hairpin constructs at conferring resistance to rhizomania disease. genetically engineered roots were similar in morphology to wild type roots but were characterized by a profound abundancy, rapid growth rate and, in some cases, plagiotropic development. upon challenge inoculation, seedlings show ... | 2010 | 20127510 |
| trichothecene mycotoxins associated with potato dry rot caused by fusarium graminearum. | fusarium graminearum, a known producer of trichothecene mycotoxins in cereal hosts, has been recently documented as a cause of dry rot of potato tubers in the united states. due to the uncertainty of trichothecene production in these tubers, a study was conducted to determine the accumulation and diffusion of trichothecenes in potato tubers affected with dry rot caused by f. graminearum. potato tubers of cv. russet burbank were inoculated with 14 f. graminearum isolates from potato, sugar beet, ... | 2010 | 20128703 |
| expression of bvglp-1 encoding a germin-like protein from sugar beet in arabidopsis thaliana leads to resistance against phytopathogenic fungi. | nematode (heterodera schachtii) resistance in sugar beet (beta vulgaris) is controlled by a single dominant resistance gene, hs1(pro-1). bvglp-1 was cloned from resistant sugar beet. the bvglp-1 messenger (m)rna is highly upregulated in the resistant plants after nematode infection, suggesting its role in the hs1(pro-1) mediated resistance. bvglp-1 exhibits sequence homology to a set of plant germin-like proteins (glp), from which several have proved to be functional in plant basal or defense re ... | 2010 | 20192832 |
| [generation of sugar beet transgenic plants expressing bar gene]. | the parameters of transformation using agrobacterium tumefaciens eha 105 for 5 domestic sorts and lines of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l. var. saccharifera (alef) krass) were optimized. the system of transgenic tissue selection based on resistance to phosphinothricin, allowing to avoid the appearing of chimeric shoots among initial transformants was developed. the transgenic plants of sugar beet sorts ramonskaya single seed 47, l'govskaya single seed 52 and rms 73, and lbo 17 and lbo 19 lines expr ... | 2010 | 20198924 |
| in-vessel treatment of urban primary sludge by aerobic composting. | the aim of this work is the study of recycling urban primary sludge by in-vessel aerobic composting way. two series of composting trials were carried out in an automated accelerated bioreactor in mixture with agricultural wastes: sugar beet leaves (c1); straw, sheep manure and sugar beet leaves (c2). treatments were monitored with regard to physicochemical characteristics, heavy metal amounts and microbiological parameters of the final compost product. the general pattern of the temperature curv ... | 2010 | 20335022 |
| molecular characterization of two chinese isolates of beet western yellows virus infecting sugar beet. | beet western yellows virus (bwyv) has previously been reported as an agent of sugar beet yellowing disease in china. in this article, the complete genomic rna sequences of two chinese bwyv isolates infecting beet from inner mongolia (bwyv-im) and gansu (bwyv-gs) were determined and compared with three beet poleroviruses (bmyv, bchv and bwyv-us) and other non-beet-infecting poleroviruses. the genomes of the two isolates were 5,668 nt in length, and had almost the same genomic organization and cha ... | 2010 | 20352484 |
| influence of low-level supplementation of grazing dairy cows with cereals or sugar beet pulp on the concentrations of cla isomers in milk. | a wide range of isomer-specific health benefits have been attributed to conjugated linoleic acids (clas). little information is currently available on the influence of different feed components on the concentration of cla isomers in ruminant-derived products. the aims of this study were to compare the effect of cereal mix or dried sugar beet pulp supplementations fed to grazing dairy cows on milk cla isomeric distribution and to examine the monthly variation of cla isomers during the grazing sea ... | 2010 | 20394009 |
| growth and photosynthetic efficiency promotion of sugar beet (beta vulgaris l.) by endophytic bacteria. | very little is known about the physiological interactions between plants and endophytic bacteria. we investigated the impact of three endophytic bacteria, bacillus pumilus 2-1, chryseobacterium indologene 2-2, and acinetobacter johnsonii 3-1, on the photosynthetic capacity and growth of sugar beet. endophyte-free plants were obtained first and infected with the bacteria. measurements of total chlorophyll content revealed very significant differences between endophyte-free beet plants and some in ... | 2010 | 20405213 |
| branched arabino-oligosaccharides isolated from sugar beet arabinan. | sugar beet arabinan consists of an alpha-(1,5)-linked backbone of l-arabinosyl residues, which can be either single or double substituted with alpha-(1,2)- and/or alpha-(1,3)-linked l-arabinosyl residues. neutral branched arabino-oligosaccharides were isolated from sugar beet arabinan by enzymatic degradation with mixtures of pure and well-defined arabinohydrolases from chrysosporium lucknowense followed by fractionation based on size and analysis by maldi-tof ms and hpaec. using nmr analysis, t ... | 2010 | 20452576 |
| ultrastructure of aphanomyces cochlioides zoospores and changes during their developmental transitions triggered by the host-specific flavone cochliophilin a. | aphanomyces cochlioides is a serious damping-off causing pathogen of sugar beet, spinach and some other members of chenopodiaceae and amaranthaceae. the biflagellated motile zoospores of the pathogen locate their host roots by perceiving the host-specific flavone cochliophilin a (5-hydroxy-6,7-methylenedioxyflavone), transiently modify into cystospores that germinate prior to penetration. this study for the first time illustrated ultrastructure of the zoospores and morphological modification dur ... | 2010 | 20473957 |
| cbrab-dependent regulation of pcnb, a poly(a) polymerase gene involved in polyadenylation of rna in pseudomonas fluorescens. | cbrb is a global sigma(54)-dependent regulator required for nutrient acquisition in pseudomonas. located downstream of cbrb on the pseudomonas fluorescens sbw25 chromosome is pcnb, a putative poly(a) polymerase gene. presence of a sigma(54) promoter in the intergenic region of cbrb and pcnb led to the hypothesis that cbrb regulates pcnb expression in a sigma(54)-dependent manner. here we show that transcription of pcnb is cbrb dependent. however, 5'-race analysis of the pcnb transcript using pri ... | 2010 | 20482591 |
| novel elicitin-like proteins isolated from the cell wall of the biocontrol agent pythium oligandrum induce defence-related genes in sugar beet. | summary we previously reported that cell wall protein fractions (cwps) of the biocontrol agent pythium oligandrum have elicitor properties in sugar beet and wheat. here we have examined the effect of treatment with the d-type of cwp, a fraction that contains two major forms (pod-1 and pod-2), on the induction of defence-related genes in sugar beet. using pcr-based cdna library subtraction, we identified five genes that were highly expressed in response to cwp treatment. the five genes are probab ... | 2006 | 20507450 |
| effects of steam-distilled shoot extract of tagetes minuta (asterales: asteraceae) and entomopathogenic fungi on larval tetanops myopaeformis. | interactions of a biopesticidal formulation of steam distilled shoot extract of mexican marigold, tagetes minuta, and entomopathogenic fungi were evaluated for management of the sugarbeet root maggot, tetanops myopaeformis (röder). shoot extract plus surfactant (e-z mulse) (=t. minuta oil) was used in a 65:35 ratio to test the hypothesis that this fungicidal and nematocidal biopesticide causes dose-dependent mortality and developmental arrest of t. myopaeformis but does not interfere with the ac ... | 2010 | 20550813 |
| sugarbeet leaf spot disease (cercospora beticola sacc.)dagger. | summary leaf spot disease caused by cercospora beticola sacc. is the most destructive foliar pathogen of sugarbeet worldwide. in addition to reducing yield and quality of sugarbeet, the control of leaf spot disease by extensive fungicide application incurs added costs to producers and repeatedly has selected for fungicide-tolerant c. beticola strains. the genetics and biochemistry of virulence have been examined less for c. beticola as compared with the related fungi c. nicotianae, c. kikuchii a ... | 2004 | 20565605 |
| homologous soybean and arabidopsis genes share responsiveness to cyst nematode infection. | summary we previously isolated a partial soybean cdna clone (d17.1) whose corresponding transcript increases in susceptible roots 1 day post inoculation (dpi) with the soybean cyst nematode, heterodera glycines. here we isolated the corresponding full-length cdna from a soybean cdna library and designated this gene of unknown function gm17.1. time course rna gel blot analyses revealed that gm17.1 mrna steady-state levels were elevated in soybean roots following h. glycines infection up to at lea ... | 2004 | 20565617 |
| beet poleroviruses: close friends or distant relatives? | summary taxonomy: there are three members of the genus polerovirus (family luteoviridae) that induce yellowing of sugar beet: beet mild yellowing virus (bmyv), beet chlorosis virus (bchv) and beet western yellows virus-usa (bwyv-usa, fig. 1). non-beet-infecting isolates of bwyv found particularly within europe have now been re-named turnip yellows virus (tuyv). species-specific antibodies are unavailable, but the viruses can be distinguished by rt-pcr using primers specifically designed to the 5 ... | 2005 | 20565633 |
| molecular aspects of cyst nematodes. | summary taxonomy: superkingdom eukaryota; kingdom metazoa; phylum nematoda; class chromadorea; order tylenchida; suborder tylenchina; superfamily tylenchoidea; family heteroderidae; subfamily heteroderinae; main genera heterodera and globodera. host range: cyst nematodes comprise approximately 100 known species in six genera. they are pathogens of temperate, subtropical and tropical plant species and the host range of many species is narrow. the most economically important species are within the ... | 2005 | 20565681 |
| chrysosporium lucknowense arabinohydrolases effectively degrade sugar beet arabinan. | the filamentous fungus chrysosporium lucknowense (c1) is a rich source of cell wall degrading enzymes. in the present paper four arabinose releasing enzymes from c1 were characterized, among them one endoarabinanase, two arabinofuranosidases and one exoarabinanase. combinations of these enzymes released up to 80% of the arabinose present in sugar beet arabinan to fermentable monosugars. besides the main product arabinobiose, unknown arabinose oligomers are produced from highly branched arabinan ... | 2010 | 20566287 |
| sugar-beet powdery mildew (erysiphe betae). | summary erysiphe betae causes sugar-beet powdery mildew, a serious fungal foliar disease resulting in sugar yield losses of up to 30%. the fungus occurs world-wide in all regions where sugar beet is grown and it also infects other edible beet crops, e.g. beetroots (garden beets). unlike other powdery mildews, e. betae has so far received relatively little attention from pathologists and the precise mechanisms by which it infects its host remain unclear. sources of genetic resistance have been id ... | 2002 | 20569317 |
| beet yellows virus: the importance of being different. | summary taxonomic relationship: type member of the genus closterovirus, family closteroviridae. a member of the alphavirus-like supergroup of positive-strand rna viruses. physical properties: virions are flexuous filaments of approximately 1300 nm in length and approximately 12 nm in diameter that are made up of a approximately 15.5 kb rna and five proteins. the major capsid protein forms virion body of helical symmetry that constitutes approximately 95% of the virion length. the short virion ta ... | 2003 | 20569367 |
| sweet and sour: a scientific and legal look at herbicide-tolerant sugar beet. | | 2010 | 20581306 |
| expression of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein induces hormonal changes and a root branching phenotype in arabidopsis thaliana. | the rna-3-encoded p25 protein was previously characterized as one of the major symptom determinants of the beet necrotic yellow vein virus. previous analyses reported the influence of the p25 protein in root proliferation phenotype observed in rhizomania disease on infected sugar beets (beta vulgaris). a transgenic approach was developed, in which the p25 protein was constitutively expressed in arabidopsis thaliana columbia (col-0) ecotype in order to provide new clues as to how the p25 protein ... | 2011 | 20602166 |
| strain-specific colonization pattern of rhizoctonia antagonists in the root system of sugar beet. | to develop effective biocontrol strategies, basic knowledge of plant growth promotion (pgp) and root colonization by antagonists is essential. the survival and colonization patterns of five different biocontrol agents against rhizoctonia solani ag2-2iiib in the rhizosphere of greenhouse-grown sugar beet plants were analysed in single and combined treatments. the study included bacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens l13-6-12, pseudomonas trivialis re(*) 1-1-14, serratia plymuthica 3re4-18) as well as ... | 2010 | 20618857 |
| production of biomass by spirulina maxima using sugar beet vinasse in growth media. | cultivation of spirulina maxima in media containing vinasse from beet molasses fermentation has been studied in both batch cultures and a photobioreactor. the results obtained in batch tests showed that s. maxima was able to grow in schlösser media containing up to 5 g/l of vinasse or alkaline diluted vinasse (5 g/l). biomass concentrations ranging from 3.5 and 4.8 g/l, productivities from 0.15 to 0.24 (g/l d) and specific growth rates about 0.1 d⁻¹ were found. betaine, an organic nitrogenous co ... | 2010 | 20619370 |
| non-invasive microelectrode potassium flux measurements as a potential tool for early recognition of virus-host compatibility in plants. | diseases caused by plant viruses are widespread, resulting in severe economic losses worldwide. understanding the cellular basis of defense responses and developing efficient diagnostic tools for early recognition of host specificity to viral infection is, therefore, of great importance. in this work, non-invasive ion selective microelectrodes (the mife technique) were used to measure net ion fluxes in mesophyll tissue of host (potato, tomato, tobacco) and non-host (sugar beet and periwinkle) pl ... | 2010 | 20623138 |
| host effect on the genetic diversification of beet necrotic yellow vein virus single-plant populations. | theoretical models predict that, under restrictive host conditions, virus populations will exhibit greater genetic variability. this virus response has been experimentally demonstrated in a few cases but its relation with a virus's capability to overcome plant resistance is unknown. to explore the genetic host effects on beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) populations that might be related to resistance durability, a wild-type virus isolate was vector inoculated into partially resistant rz1, ... | 2010 | 20649415 |
| a low-cost procedure for production of fresh autochthonous wine yeast. | a low-cost procedure was designed for easy and rapid response-on-demand production of fresh wine yeast for local wine-making. the pilot plant produced fresh yeast culture concentrate with good microbial quality and excellent oenological properties from four selected wine yeasts. the best production yields were obtained using 2% sugar beet molasses and a working culture volume of less than 60% of the fermenter capacity. the yeast yield using 2% sugar grape juice was low and had poor cell viabilit ... | 2011 | 20683636 |
| [transposition of the maize transposable element dspm in transgenic sugar beets]. | transgenic sugar beet plants carrying maize spmn/dspm transposable elements system have been constructed. heterologous system of maize transposable elements spm/dspm was active in transgenic sugar beets that permits transposon-based gene tagging and obtaining of marker-free transgenic sugar beet. | 2010 | 20722280 |
| effects of type and particle size of dietary fiber on growth performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. | a trial was conducted to study the effects of type and particle size of dietary fiber on growth performance and digestive traits of broilers from 1 to 21 d of age. there was a negative control diet with 1.54% crude fiber, a positive control diet that included 3% cellulose (cel), and 4 additional diets arranged factorially that included 3% oat hulls (oh) or sugar beet pulp (sbp) ground through a 0.5- or a 2.0-mm screen. for the entire experimental period, fiber inclusion improved bw gain (p≤0.01) ... | 2010 | 20852111 |
| characterization of field isolates of trichoderma antagonistic against rhizoctonia solani. | the aim of the present study was to characterize sixteen isolates of trichoderma originating from a field of sugar beet where disease patches caused by rhizoctonia solani were observed. use of both molecular and morphological characteristics gave consistent identification of the isolates. production of water-soluble and volatile inhibitors, mycoparasitism and induced systemic resistance in plant host were investigated using in vitro and in vivo tests in both sterilized and natural soils. this fu ... | 2010 | 20943179 |
| proteomic analysis in non-denaturing condition of the secretome reveals the presence of multienzyme complexes in penicillium purpurogenum. | proteins secreted by filamentous fungi play key roles in different aspects of their biology. the fungus penicillium purpurogenum, used as a model organism, is able to degrade hemicelluloses and pectins by secreting a variety of enzymes to the culture medium. this work shows that these enzymes interact with each other to form high molecular weight, catalytically active complexes. by using a proteomics approach, we were able to identify several protein complexes in the secretome of this fungus. th ... | 2010 | 20972675 |
| the evolutionary history of beet necrotic yellow vein virus deduced from genetic variation, geographical origin and spread, and the breaking of host resistance. | beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) is an economically important pathogen of sugar beet and has been found worldwide, probably as the result of recent worldwide spread. the bnyvv genome consists of four or five rna components. here, we report analysis of sequence variation in the rna3-p25, rna4-p31, rna2-cp, and rna5-p26 genes of 73 worldwide isolates. the rna3-p25 gene encodes virulence and avirulence factors. these four sets of gene sequences each fell into two to four groups, of which the ... | 2011 | 20977309 |
| effects of ensilage on storage and enzymatic degradability of sugar beet pulp. | ensiling was investigated for the long-term storage of sugar beet pulp (sbp). eight strains of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and a non-inoculated control were screened based on their ability to rapidly reduce ph, produce a large amount of lactic acid and inhibit undesirable fermentations. lactobacillus brevis b-1836 (lab #120), lactobacillus fermentum nrrl b-4524 (lab #137) and a non-inoculated control were selected for further research to determine the effects of lab inoculation level and packing ... | 2010 | 21036038 |
| a novel strain of beet western yellows virus infecting sugar beet with two distinct genotypes differing in the 5'-terminal half of genome. | the complete genomic sequences of two distinct beet western yellows virus (bwyv) genotypes infecting sugar beet in beijing, named as bwyv-bj(a) and bwyv-bj(b) (genbank accession number hm804471, hm804472, respectively), were determined by rt-pcr sub-cloning approach. bwyv-bj(a) and bwyv-bj(b) were 5674 and 5626nt in length, respectively. bwyv-bj(b) was 48nt shorter than bwyv-bj(a) in the regions 1589-1615 and 1629-1649nt. sequence alignment analysis showed that the full length of bwyv-bj(a) and ... | 2010 | 21104195 |
| viability and maturation of aphanomyces cochlioides oospores. | plasmolysis, tetrazolium bromide staining and microscopic appearance were tested for their usefulness in determining viability of oospores of aphanomyces cochlioides. for comparison, three lethal treatments were employed to contrast the reaction of dead oospores and untreated, presumably viable oospores. few oospores stained with tetrazolium bromide, even though plasmolysis and microscopic appearance indicated that 85% were viable. cytoplasm of viable oospores was densely organized and uniformly ... | 2003 | 21156618 |
| molasses as fermentation substrate for levan production by halomonas sp. | levan is a homopolymer of fructose with many outstanding properties like high solubility in oil and water, strong adhesiveness, good biocompatibility, and film-forming ability. however, its industrial use has long been hampered by costly production processes which rely on mesophilic bacteria and plants. recently, halomonas sp. aad6 halophilic bacteria were found to be the only extremophilic species producing levan at high titers in semi-chemical medium containing sucrose, and in this study, pret ... | 2010 | 21161209 |
| identification of a gh62 α-l-arabinofuranosidase specific for arabinoxylan produced by penicillium chrysogenum. | an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (axs5) was purified from the culture filtrate of penicillium chrysogenum 31b. a cdna encoding axs5 (axs5) was isolated by in vitro cloning using the n-terminal amino acid sequence of the native enzyme as a starting point. the deduced amino acid sequence of the axs5 gene has high similarities with those of arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolases of aspergillus niger, aspergillus tubingensis, and aspergillus sojae. module sequence analysis revealed that a "glyco ... | 2010 | 21181156 |
| genetic diversity in curtoviruses: a highly divergent strain of beet mild curly top virus associated with an outbreak of curly top disease in pepper in mexico. | a full-length curtovirus genome was pcr-amplified and cloned from peppers in mexico with symptoms of curly top disease. the cloned dna of this isolate, mx-p24, replicated in nicotiana tabacum protoplasts and was infectious in n. benthamiana plants. sequence analysis revealed that the mx-p24 isolate had a typical curtovirus genome organization and was most similar to beet mild curly top virus (bmctv). however, sequence identities were at the threshold value for establishment of a new curtovirus s ... | 2010 | 21193937 |
| synergistic production of l-arabinose from arabinan by the combined use of thermostable endo- and exo-arabinanases from caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. | the optimum conditions for the production of l-arabinose from debranched arabinan were determined to be ph 6.5, 75°c, 20 g l(-1) debranched arabinan, 42 um l(-1) endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase, and 14 u ml(-1) α-l-arabinofuranosidase from caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus and the conditions for sugar beet arabinan were ph 6.0, 75°c, 20 g l(-1) sugar beet arabinan, 3 u ml(-1) endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase, and 24 u ml(-1) α-l-arabinofuranosidase. under the optimum conditions, 16 g l(-1)l-arabinose was ob ... | 2010 | 21216591 |
| the arabidopsis bhlh25 and bhlh27 transcription factors contribute to susceptibility to the cyst nematode heterodera schachtii. | successful cyst nematode parasitism depends on the formation and maintenance of feeding sites (syncytia) in host roots, and these processes are highly regulated by the interaction between the cyst nematode and the host. using an integrated research approach and the arabidopsis-beta vulgaris (sugar beet) cyst nematode (heterodera schachtii) pathosystem, we have determined that the two arabidopsis basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors bhlh25 and bhlh27 positively influence cyst nematode par ... | 2011 | 21223395 |
| molecular analysis of plant sugar and amino acid transporters. | although plants are photoautotrophic organisms, they are composed of many heterotrophic tissue systems that must import sugars and amino acids in a process known as assimilate partitioning. while the general features of assimilate partitioning were well described by the early 1980s, little was known about the various transport proteins involved in this essential activity associated with multicellular growth. in the past seven years, however, significant progress has been made in describing the t ... | 1996 | 21245250 |
| effects of gestation and transition diets, piglet birth weight, and fasting time on depletion of glycogen pools in liver and 3 muscles of newborn piglets. | the experiment was conducted to assess the effects of maternal nutrition in late gestation on glycogen pools of newborn piglets of different birth weights and to assess how rapidly the glycogen pools in the liver and 3 muscles are mobilized during fasting. until d 108 of gestation, 48 sows were fed a gestation standard diet (gsd) with low dietary fiber (df, 17.1%), or 1 of 3 diets with high df (32.3 to 40.4%) consisting of pectin residue (gpr), potato pulp (gpp), or sugar-beet pulp (gsp). from d ... | 2011 | 21278105 |
| analysis of the resistance-breaking ability of different beet necrotic yellow vein virus isolates loaded into a single polymyxa betae population in soil. | the genome of most beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv) isolates is comprised of four rnas. the ability of certain isolates to overcome rz1-mediated resistance in sugar beet grown in the united states and europe is associated with point mutations in the pathogenicity factor p25. when the virus is inoculated mechanically into sugar beet roots at high density, the ability depends on an alanine to valine substitution at p25 position 67. increased aggressiveness is shown by bnyvv p type isolates, ... | 2011 | 21303211 |
| transcript profiles in sugar beet genotypes uncover timing and strength of defense reactions to cercospora beticola infection. | cercospora leaf spot disease, caused by the fungus cercospora beticola, is the most destructive foliar disease of sugar beet (beta vulgaris) worldwide. despite the great agronomical importance of this disease, little is known about its underlying molecular processes. technical resources are scarce for analyzing this important crop species. we developed a sugar beet microarray with 44,000 oligonucleotides that represent 17,277 cdnas. during the four stages of c. beticola-b. vulgaris interactions, ... | 2011 | 21385013 |
| protoplast microinjection using agarose microdrops. | a number of plant species have now been transformed, but there remains considerable uncertainty regarding the optimal procedure to be adopted. agmbacterium species have been used as vectors for the dna in some instances, whereas in others direct uptake has been achieved following chemical, physical, or electrical treatment of protoplasts or even of cells (see chapters 27 - 30 of this volume). viruses are another vehicle being considered in this context. one of the most effective techniques of tr ... | 1990 | 21390618 |
| the hrpz gene of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola enhances resistance to rhizomania disease in transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and sugar beet. | to explore possible sources of transgenic resistance to the rhizomania-causing beet necrotic yellow vein virus (bnyvv), nicotiana benthamiana plants were constructed to express the harpin of pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (hrpz(psph)). the hrpz protein was expressed as an n-terminal fusion to the pr1 signal peptide (sp/hrpz) to direct harpin accumulation to the plant apoplast. transgene integration was verified by mpcr in all primary transformants (t0), while immunoblot analysis confirmed ... | 2011 | 21394206 |