| synergistic treatment of enterococcal endocarditis: in vitro and in vivo studies. | combinations of penicillin g sodium or ampicillin plus streptomycin sulfate do not produce synergism against all strains of enterococci. this lack of synergism was considered the cause of the failure in the treatment of enterococcal endocarditis. the effect of various combinations of antibiotics on 15 enterococcus strains, which had been isolated from patients with enterococcal endocarditis, was examined. the antibiotics included those that interfere with cell-wall synthesis and those that act o ... | 1977 | 921443 |
| cephalosporin-aminoglycoside synergism in experimental enterococcal endocarditis. | despite in vitro demonstrations of synergism against enterococci, combinations of cephalosporin and aminoglycoside antibodies have been ineffective in the therapy of enterococcal endocarditis. penicillin-gentamicin, cephalothin-gentamicin, and cefazolin-gentamicin were used to treat enterococcal endocarditis in rabbits. a direct relation was observed between the rate of cure and the degree by which the peak serum concentration of penicillin and the cephalosporins exceeded the minimal inhibitory ... | 1976 | 938028 |
| [studies on the antibacterial activity of the combination sulfamoxole/trimethoprim (cn 3123) (author's transl)]. | after giving a survey on the situation of antibiotic resistance in the region of northern bavaria during 1973/74 and comparing the activity of a sulfamethoxazole (smz) trimethoprim (tmp) combination to other commonly used antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents, the results of tests with the new combination of n1-(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)-sulfanilamide) (sulfamoxole) and 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyl)-pyrimidine (trimethoprim) at a ratio of 5:1 (cn 3123; nevin, supristol) are compared t ... | 1976 | 947327 |
| evaluation of tobramycin in severe urinary tract infection. | twenty-five patients with severe urinary tract infections were treated with 3 mg of tobramycin/kg per day (given in two doses). susceptible organisms were escherichia coli, proteus, klebsiella, pseudomonas, streptococcus, and enterococcus. clincal conditions in which treatment produced excellent bacteriological results included a wide range of urological disorders; the most common were pyelonephritis, cystitis, and epididymo-orchitis, three patients had septicemia, and 12 had an infection that w ... | 1976 | 972285 |
| deconjugation of bile acids by human intestinal bacteria. | the purpose of this report is to present the deconjugation of bile acids by numbers of strains of bacteria in the small intestine and feces. the small intestinal juice was aseptically aspirated by a double lumen tube with a rubber cover on the tip devised by us ("fukushima type 1"). bile acids were analyzed with thin layer chromatography. the results: 1) among aerobic bacteria, species of which all of the strains split conjugated bile acids was enterococcus, and most of the strains split were st ... | 1976 | 992250 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of the causative agents of pyelonephritis in pregnant and puerperal women]. | the data presented are evident of the fact that the causative agents of pyelonephritis in pregnant women and puerpera are mostly ecsherichia. ilebsiella, enterococcus and ps. aeruginosa were isolated not so often. strains with multiple antibiotic resistance were mainly isolated from the urine. it should be noted that 64 per cent of the klebsiella strains and 90 per cent of the proteus strains were sensitive to ampicillin. it should be taken into account in development of rational therapy of pyel ... | 1976 | 999246 |
| [c-reactive protein in inflammatory processes of the female genital organs]. | c-reactive protein (crp) was investigated in 202 women: in 20 women with acute non-specific inflammation and the presence of different bacteria (streptococcus pyocyaneus, enterococcus, escherichia colli, proteus), in 12 women with confirmed genital tuberculosis, in 66 women with the chronic inflammation of genital organs, and in 104 women with normal genital findings. in all patients with acute inflammations crp was positive. it was highly positive in those with elevated temperature and sediment ... | 1976 | 1018499 |
| activity of amoxycillin against enterococci and synergism with aminoglycoside antibiotics. | amoxycillin was more active in vitro than ampicillin or benzylpenicillin against clinical isolates of enterococci. all 55 strains tested were sensitive to the three penicillins but 15 strains showed a high level of resistance to streptomycin and two of these were also insensitive to kanamycin. all strains were sensitive to gentamicin, which was the most active of the aminoglycoside antibiotics. the penicillins showed pronounced bactericidal activity against the enterococci but failed to sterilis ... | 1975 | 1039329 |
| effects of ampicillin-amikacin and ampicillin-rifampin on enterococci. | fifty-seven clinical isolates of enterococcus were tested for susceptibility to 10 antibiotics in a microtiter broth dilution system. amoxicillin, ampicillin, vancomycin, and rifampin inhibited all strains at concentrations easily achievable in blood. resistance to rifampin developed rapidly. of the aminoglycosides, gentamicin was most active, followed in decreasing order by tobramycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. high-level resistance to streptomycin was present in 26% of the strains ... | 1976 | 1045914 |
| prospective bacteriologic study of women undergoing hysterectomy. | a prospective bacteriologic study on 67 women undergoing either vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy was done to elucidate causes of debrile morbidity. forty-one percent of the vaginal and 35% of the abdominal hysterectomy patients met the criteria for febrile morbidity postoperatively. preoperative and 24-hour postoperative urine samples were obtained by transvaginal bladder tap, and the freshly cut edge of the vaginal cuff was routinely swabbed following removal of the uterus. in addition, the su ... | 1975 | 1089225 |
| pfizer selective enterococcus agar overlay method for the enumeration of fecal streptococci by membrane filtration. | the use of pfizer selective enterococcus (pse) agar with the membrane filter technique for the enumeration of fecal streptococci is limited due to the inability of the characteristic black precipitate, indicative of esculin hydrolysis, to diffuse from the medium through the membrane. a modification of the membrane filter technique that consisted of placing the membrane on pse agar and overlaying it with tempered pse agar was evaluated by comparing recovery, selectivity, and other parameters with ... | 1975 | 1096814 |
| purification and characterization of two bacteriocins from streptococcus faecium. | two bacteriocins were found in the supernatant fluid and in an extract of streptococcus faecium strain ei. the small soluble enterocin eia represented more than 90% of the total activity in the supernatant fluid, and was purified 400-fold by ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration on sephadex g-75 and chromatography on deae-cellulose. enterocin eib, with a particle weight greater than 4 x 10(6), was the predominant type in the extract. it was released in appreciable quantities after brea ... | 1975 | 1097585 |
| the sex variable in childhood urinary-tract infection. | sex differences in childhood urinary-tract infection have been looked for by reviewing the medical records of all patients who were admitted to one medical centre during a certain time period. there were 240 patients; 26 males and 214 females, all under 14 years of age. the disease in boys-as compared with that in girls-was found to be characterized by an earlier onset, a shorter delay in diagnosis, and a shorter duration; but a higher frequency of malformations, a greater number of rehospitaliz ... | 1975 | 1155077 |
| nonclostridial gas gangrene. report of 48 cases and review of the literature. | gangrenous lesions accompanied by evidence of subcutaneous gas usually are diagnosed as "clostridial gas gangrene." the occurrence of nonclostridial gas gangrene has been infrequently reported and is thought to be relatively rare. review of 278 admissions of diabetic patients with orthopedic vascular problems disclosed a 17% (48 patients) incidence of nonclostridial gas infections and a 3% (one patient) occurrence of clostridial gas gangrene. clinical characteristics ranged from severe to benign ... | 1975 | 1173916 |
| streptococcal osteomyelitis and arthritis in a neonate. | a 42-day-old female infant had neonatal pyogenic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to an unusual combination of streptococcal organisms. group b streptococci produced an osteolytic lesion in the proximal end of the humerus and suppurative arthritis of the corresponding shoulder. an enterococcus was responsible for the occurrence of arthritis and subluxation of the hip. | 1975 | 1199987 |
| antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria from urine. | bacteria isolated from the urine of 400 hospital inpatients and 483 outpatients were identified and the in vitro sensitivity of these organisms against 12 antibacterial agents currently used in the treatment of urinary tract infections was determined. there was little difference in the distribution of organisms between the two groups. escherichia coli was predominant, accounting for 58% of the inpatients and 66% of the outpatients. klebsiella was present in 15% of the inpatients as against 7% in ... | 1975 | 1223719 |
| cephazolin treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia and urinary tract infections. | ten cases of pneumococcal pneumonia were treated with cephazolin 500 mg. q8h for at least 5 days. in every case therapy was accompanied by clinical improvement and eradication of the organism. ten patients with e. coli bacteriuria (5 symptomatic) were treated with cephazolin 500 mg. q12h for 7 to 10 days. in every case the pathogen was eliminated during therapy but in one case bacteriologic relapse occurred following cessation of therapy. in 10 cases of bacteriuria caused by p. mirabilis, klebsi ... | 1976 | 1265474 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci. | | 1992 | 1285233 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome (hr 810) against enterococci and staphylococci. | the inhibitory activity of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin derivative for parenteral use, was tested by agar dilution methods against enterococcus faecalis (100 strains), staphylococcus aureus (40 strains) and coagulase-negative staphylococcal species (60 strains) in comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. for e. faecalis, the cefpirome minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) range was 2-128 micrograms/ml, with an mic50 of 8 micrograms/ml, and an mic90 of 64 micrograms/ml. the opti ... | 1992 | 1287135 |
| lack of activity of transferrins towards streptococcus spp. | clinically relevant streptococcus spp. were tested for their susceptibility towards human serum transferrin (tr) and lactoferrin (lf). neither clinical isolates or type strains were inhibited by transferrins (5 mg/ml). all species tested were shown to be able to grow under iron-limiting conditions (< 0.1 microm) and this might account for the lack of tr or lf activity towards streptococci. even if not sensitive to lf and tr, some species were shown to bind lf in the apo-form. | 1992 | 1287421 |
| an atpase operon involved in copper resistance by enterococcus hirae. | | 1992 | 1288347 |
| in vitro evaluation of bay y3118, a new full-spectrum fluoroquinolone. | bay y3118, 1-cyclopropyl-7-(2,8-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-8-yl)-6-fluoro-8- chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid hydrochloride, is a new fluoroquinolone with antibacterial activity against an expanded spectrum of species including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, and also anaerobes such as bacteriodes fragilis and clostridium perfringens. mic90s for s. aureus, s. epidermid ... | 1992 | 1288961 |
| antibacterial activity of citreamicin-alpha (ll-e 19085 alpha) against gram-positive cocci. | in vitro antibacterial activity of 429 clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci was tested against citreamicin-alpha (ll-e 19085-alpha) by the agar dilution method. the microorganisms consisted of 313 isolates of staphylococci and 116 strains of streptococci. in vitro activity of citreamicin-alpha was compared with ampicillin, augmentin, cephalothin, erythromycin and vancomycin. mics of citreamicin-alpha for staphylococci ranged between 0.12-4.0 micrograms/ml and 0.03-0.12 micrograms/ml for stre ... | 1992 | 1288963 |
| the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract on gastrointestinal enterococcal colonization in itu patients. | the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (sdd) on intensive therapy unit (itu)-acquired enterococcal infection and colonization was studied. changes in the predominant species isolated and resistance patterns to antimicrobial agents were also studied. | 1992 | 1289369 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium: headline news. | | 1992 | 1289396 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium in hospitalized children. | determine the epidemiology and risk factors for colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium. | 1992 | 1289397 |
| [activity of enterococcus faecalis (fk-23) preparation as a biological response modifier]. | the biological activity of a preparation of heat killed cells of enterococcus faecalis, fk-23 which was isolated from the feces of a healthy human, was investigated in c3h/he mice. intraperitoneal injection of the preparation caused an accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of the mice 6 h later. as a parameter of the activation of macrophages, the effect of the fk-23 preparation on the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf) was examined. the mice were given two ... | 1992 | 1294717 |
| dap-decarboxylase activity and lysine production by rumen bacteria. | the last step of pathway of lysine biosynthesis by rumen bacteria was tested. the first measurements of dap-decarboxylase activity and of lysine production by megasphera elsdenii, selenomonas ruminantium, clostridium spp., butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and bacteroides succinogenes as well as the first attempts to increase the lysine production by ruminal streptococci by mutation are described. the highest values were measured in selenomonas ruminantium (dap-decarboxylase activity = 146 micrograms da ... | 1992 | 1295484 |
| comparison of the autoscan-w/a and vitek automicrobic systems for identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria. | the identification and susceptibility testing of bacteria by the autoscan-w/a rapid panels and vitek automicrobic systems were compared. a total of 291 clinical isolates, including 207 members of the enterobacteriaceae, 41 nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, 31 staphylococcus aureus strains and 12 enterococcus faecalis strains, were tested. autoscan-w/a and vitek correctly identified 93% and 94% respectively of the enterobacteriaceae, the identification in an additional 2% and 5% of strains r ... | 1992 | 1295766 |
| [evaluation of usefulness of the pyr-wellcome test for identifying microorganisms from the genus enterococcus]. | the study was aimed at evaluation of usefulness of pyr-wellcome test in bacteriological diagnostic. results of identification of enterococcal strains by application of the above test were performed on 157 strains of enterococcus spp., 15 strains of streptococcus pyogenes and 12 of streptococcus bovis. application of test for pyr-ase production results in shortening of diagnostic procedure. basing on morphological features, including type of hemolysis, lack of catalase production and presence in ... | 1992 | 1297028 |
| [the effect of culture media on bacteriocin production in various strains of bacteria]. | some staphylococcus and enterococcus strains were used to investigate the effect of culture medium on bacteriocin production. staphylococcus cohnii sc7, staphylococcus sp. ztj 151, s. saprophyticus ss 877, enterococcus faecium ef1 and e. faecalis efg2 were isolated from the rumen wall and contents of lambs, calves and fallow deer, enterococcus gallinarum eg10 and e. avium ea12 were isolated from the caecum of japanese quail. the tested bacteria belong to producers with a wide antimicrobial effec ... | 1992 | 1297243 |
| antibacterial in vitro-activity of meropenem against 200 clinical isolates in comparison to 11 selected antibiotics. | the antimicrobial activity of meropenem, a new parenteral carbapenem, was tested in vitro by an agar dilution method against 200 clinical isolates (gram-negative/positive aerobes and anaerobes). meropenem was compared with imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin; and metronidazole, cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, vancomycin when appropriate. meropenem and imipenem exhibited an extended spectrum of activity with low minimal inhibitory concentrations (mi ... | 1992 | 1303691 |
| high-level aminoglycoside resistance in enterococci. | in recent years enterococci have been isolated with increasing frequency in association with serious infections. suitable therapy for empirical treatment can only be chosen on the basis of susceptibility studies. the synergistic effects obtained by the combination of aminoglycosides with penicillin or vancomycin disappear in strains that show high level resistance (hlr) to the former. this highlights the importance of correct identification of the species of enterococcus (especially enterococcus ... | 1992 | 1306949 |
| increased risk of bacterial endocarditis in inflammatory bowel disease. | the purpose of this retrospective as well as prospective case-control study was to analyze a possible overrepresentation of inflammatory bowel diseases among patients with native valve endocarditis as well as the factors that predispose patients with inflammatory bowel disease to infective endocarditis. | 1992 | 1307218 |
| multiply-resistant enterococcus faecium. the nosocomial pathogen of the 1990s. | | 1992 | 1308665 |
| susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis. | we collected 103 clinical enterococcus faecium isolates from across canada, performed standard broth microdilution susceptibility testing, and compared these results with results from the microscan pos mic type 6 panel (baxter health care corp., west sacramento, calif.) and the ams-vitek gram-positive susceptibility card (vitek inc., st. louis, mo.). high-level aminoglycoside resistance to gentamicin and streptomycin was detected by a single-concentration agar method with 1,000 micrograms of eac ... | 1992 | 1310332 |
| interactions between trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal flora in a mouse model. | to study the role of vaginal flora and ph in the pathogenesis of trichomonas vaginalis, an intravaginal mouse model of infection was established. by employing this model, the vaginal flora and ph of mice could be monitored for changes caused by the parasite. as a baseline, the endemic vaginal flora of balb/c mice was examined first and found to consist mainly of staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus species (32-76%). lactobacilli and enteric bacilli were moderate (16-32%) in their frequency of ... | 1992 | 1310732 |
| cloning and disruption of a putative nah-antiporter gene of enterococcus hirae. | when growing in a sodium-rich environment, wild-type enterococcus hirae extrudes sodium by two mechanisms, atp-driven sodium extrusion, and nah-antiport. mutant 7683 is unable to grow on sodium-rich media. this is due to two mutations, one inactivating atp-driven sodium transport and a second rendering nah-antiport inoperative. 7683 was transformed by electroporation with a gene bank, derived from e. hirae, in an escherichia coli-e. hirae shuttle vector. transformants which had regained the abil ... | 1992 | 1312090 |
| hyperhemolytic phenomena associated with insertions of tn916 into the hemolysin determinant of enterococcus faecalis plasmid pad1. | members of the tn916 family of conjugative transposons are able to insert themselves into enterococcus faecalis hemolysin/bacteriocin plasmid pad1 (and related elements) in such a way as to generate hyperexpression of the hemolysin/bacteriocin. to examine this phenomenon in more detail, e. faecalis (pad1::tn916) derivatives defective or altered in hemolysin expression were isolated and characterized with respect to production of the l (lytic) or a (activator) component (also known as cyla) and t ... | 1992 | 1312528 |
| regulation of the pad1-encoded sex pheromone response in enterococcus faecalis: nucleotide sequence analysis of traa. | the enterococcus faecalis plasmid pad1 conjugatively transfers in response to a sex pheromone, cad1, excreted by potential recipient cells. a key determinant responsible for regulation of pad1 transfer is traa, which encodes a negative regulator also believed to function in signal sensing. in this study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence and transcription of traa. a protein of 319 amino acids with a molecular weight of 37,856 was inferred and found to exhibit limited homology with several dna- ... | 1992 | 1312529 |
| streptococcal products and leukocyte activities. | various streptococcal species are directly responsible for udder infections which should normally be countered by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns). in order to detect a putative inhibition of streptococcal products on the activities of bovine pmns, we used a combination of four tests which permits an adequate evaluation of pmns functions, e.g. pmn adherence on endothelial cells, chemotactic assay, phagocytosis of bacteria labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc) and measurement of ani ... | 1992 | 1315085 |
| in vivo activity of the combination of daptomycin and fosfomycin compared with daptomycin alone against a strain of enterococcus faecalis with high-level gentamicin resistance in the rat endocarditis model. | the in vivo activity of the combination of daptomycin and fosfomycin against a beta-lactamase-producing, highly gentamicin-resistant strain of enterococcus faecalis in a relapse model of rat endocarditis was studied. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) (micrograms per milliliter) for these agents against this strain were 4 (daptomycin) and 16 (fosfomycin). time-kill studies demonstrated synergistic bactericidal activity when daptomycin (0.5 micrograms/ml) and fosfomycin (32 micrograms/ml) w ... | 1992 | 1315234 |
| typing of enterococcus species by dna restriction fragment analysis. | enterococci are a frequent cause of hospital-acquired infection, being associated with urinary tract infections, wound sepsis, bacteremia, and endocarditis. the source of infection is usually thought to be endogenous, but some evidence points to cross-infection between patients. a better understanding of the epidemiology of enterococci has been limited by the lack of a good discriminatory typing system. this report describes the application of two dna-based typing methods to enterococcus faecali ... | 1992 | 1315338 |
| conjugative transfer of enterococcus faecalis plasmid pad1: nucleotide sequence and transcriptional fusion analysis of a region involved in positive regulation. | the enterococcus faecalis plasmid pad1 undergoes conjugative transfer in response to cad1, a peptide sex pheromone emitted by potential bacterial recipients. regulation of pad1 transfer involves a number of plasmid-encoded determinants:iad, which determines a peptide-competitive inhibitor iad1; signal sensing and transducing elements; and negative and positive regulators. the key positive regulator(s) of the pheromone response is believed to be encoded within a segment designated the e region of ... | 1992 | 1315730 |
| antibacterial activity of a 1,8-naphthyridine quinolone, pd 131628. | a new 1,8-naphthyridine quinolone antimicrobial, pd131628, was found to be as, or more active than ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin against escherichia coli and considerably more active than the two 4-quinolone agents against staphylococci in terms of both mic and obc (the optimum bactericidal concentration, at which the rate of kill is greatest). in common with ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin, the rate of kill of pd131628 against enterococcus faecalis was considerably slower than against the other three ... | 1992 | 1316970 |
| natural occurrence of structures in oral streptococci and enterococci with dna homology to tn916. | seventeen oral streptococci and 18 enterococci were tested for the presence of dna sequences homologous to the conjugative transposon tn916 encoding tetracycline resistance. all the strains were resistant to tetracyclines, including minocycline, and most of them were resistant to other antibiotics. tn916-like structures, identified by hybridization of hincii-digested dna, were found on the chromosomes of 11 oral streptococci and four enterococci and on two plasmids, pip1549 and pip1440, one harb ... | 1992 | 1317150 |
| conjugative transposition of tn916: the transposon int gene is required only in the donor. | conjugative transposition of transposon tn916 has been shown to proceed by excision of the transposon in the donor strain and insertion of this element in the recipient. this process requires the product of the transposon int gene. we report here the surprising finding that the int gene is required only in the donor during conjugative transposition. we find that tn916 int-1, whose int gene has been inactivated by an insertion mutation, transposes when a complementing wild-type int gene is presen ... | 1992 | 1317846 |
| mobilization of cutaneous immunity for systemic protection against infections. | this laboratory reported that a single subcutaneous (sc) injection of the natural steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (dhea) resulted in significant protection against a lethal herpes virus type 2 encephalitis or a systemic coxsackievirus b4 infection. our previous results have shown that sc injection of dhea resulted in upregulation of the specific host immune response resulting in protection against a lethal infection. this hormone did not have any direct antiviral effects in vitro. further ... | 1992 | 1318664 |
| comparison of enterococcal and staphylococcal beta-lactamase-encoding fragments. | a restriction map of a 13.5-kb ecori fragment encoding beta-lactamase from a plasmid isolated from enterococcal strain pa was prepared and found to differ markedly from the published maps of beta-lactamase-encoding ecori fragments of two staphylococcal plasmids and the plasmid from enterococcal strain hh22. this comparison also showed that one of two contiguous ecorv fragments that encompass the beta-lactamase gene differs in size in the pa strain from that found in the other strains. however, r ... | 1992 | 1318675 |
| single-dose pharmacokinetics and antibacterial activity of daptomycin, a new lipopeptide antibiotic, in healthy volunteers. | three separate single-dose studies were performed to define the disposition and pharmacokinetics of daptomycin in healthy volunteers. daptomycin was administered as a single 14c-labeled dose (1.0 mg/kg of body weight) and as single doses between 0.5 and 6.0 mg/kg. all doses were intravenous. antibacterial activity was determined from doses of 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg against two strains of staphylococcus aureus (one methicillin resistant) and one enterococcus strain. after administration of ... | 1992 | 1318678 |
| a truncated tn916-like element in a clinical isolate of enterococcus faecium. | a 58.7-kb nonconjugative plasmid (pkq1) previously reported in a clinical isolate of enterococcus faecium was found to contain both a tetm and an erythromycin resistance (erm) determinant. the plasmid contained a region homologous to the a, f, h, and g hincii fragments of tn916. however, the 4.8-kb b fragment of tn916 which contained the tetm determinant was replaced by a 7.3-kb fragment, and the 3.6-kb hincii c fragment of tn916 was missing. an element homologous to tn917 was juxtaposed to the ... | 1992 | 1319593 |
| contribution of animal models in the search for effective therapy for endocarditis due to enterococci with high-level resistance to gentamicin. | earlier studies suggest that ampicillin and amoxicillin are more effective than other beta-lactam agents in killing enterococci, although beta-lactam agents are slowly and incompletely bactericidal against most strains of enterococcus faecalis. we previously showed that continuous infusion of ampicillin is more effective than intermittent administration in decreasing the number of enterococci in valvular vegetations of rats with catheter-induced endocarditis that are treated for 5 days. in this ... | 1992 | 1319757 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin compared with those of five other quinolones. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new difluorinated quinolone, was evaluated against 857 gram-positive and gram-negative clinical isolates and compared with those of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, and lomefloxacin. the mic of sparfloxacin for 90% of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested was 0.5 microgram/ml (range, 0.06 to 4.0 micrograms/ml); only for members of the genera serratia, citrobacter, and providencia were mics above 1 microgram/ml. some 90% of ... | 1992 | 1320362 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of a new quinolone, opc-17116. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of opc-17116 were compared with those of ofloxacin, enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, and tosufloxacin. the mics of opc-17116 for 90% of the strains tested were 0.125 to 8 micrograms/ml against gram-positive bacteria such as members of the genera staphylococcus, streptococcus, and enterococcus: less than or equal to 0.063 to 16 micrograms/ml against members of the family enterobacteriaceae; and less than or equal to 0.063 to 16 micrograms/ml against gluco ... | 1992 | 1320364 |
| insertional inactivation of a gene which controls expression of vancomycin resistance on plasmid phkk100. | expression of inducible high level vancomycin resistance (vmr) in enterococci appears to require other plasmid-encoded genes in addition to the previously described structural genes vana and vanh. tn917 mutagenesis was used to identify such a region in the vmr plasmid phkk100. insertional inactivation of a 693-bp open reading frame upstream from vanh resulted in complete loss of vmr. this putative 26,642-da protein has been designated vanr. | 1992 | 1320585 |
| isolation, characterization, and nucleotide sequence of the streptococcus mutans mannitol-phosphate dehydrogenase gene and the mannitol-specific factor iii gene of the phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system. | streptococcus mutans, the causative agent of dental caries, utilizes carbohydrates by means of the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts). the pts facilitates vectorial translocation of metabolizable carbohydrates to form the corresponding sugar-phosphates, which are subsequently converted to glycolytic intermediates. the pts consists of both sugar-specific and sugar-independent components. complementation of an escherichia coli mtld mutation with a streptococcal recombina ... | 1992 | 1322373 |
| characterization of the tet(m) determinant of tn916: evidence for regulation by transcription attenuation. | the nucleotide sequence of the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(m), located on conjugative transposon tn916 of enterococcus faecalis, was determined and found to encode a 72,486-dalton protein exhibiting a high degree of homology with other tet(m) determinants. a short open reading frame corresponding to a 28-amino-acid peptide and containing a number of inverted repeat sequences was noted immediately upstream of tet(m), suggesting that regulation might occur by a mechanism involving tran ... | 1992 | 1323953 |
| [recent trend and development of novel antimicrobial agents for mrsa infections]. | gram-positive organisms such as staphylococcus aureus (including mrsa), coagulase-negative staphylococci, enterococcus spp., and streptococcus spp. have in recent years emerged as significant pathogens in hospitals and are now being isolated more frequently than gram-negative bacilli. these organisms are often multidrug resistant. therefore, alternative agents with potent activity against gram-positive organisms are of considerable interest. in addition to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin ... | 1992 | 1324332 |
| comparative in vitro activities of teicoplanin, daptomycin, ramoplanin, vancomycin, and pd127,391 against blood isolates of gram-positive cocci. | the in vitro activities of teicoplanin, daptomycin, ramoplanin, and pd127,391, a new quinolone, were compared with that of vancomycin. teicoplanin showed the lowest mics against enterococcus faecalis. ramoplanin was slightly more active than the other peptide antibiotics against oxacillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. the mics of the four peptide antibiotics were similar for the oxacillin-susceptible s. aureus. daptomycin had good activity against staphylococci but was the least active agent ... | 1992 | 1324649 |
| the putative na+/h+ antiporter (napa) of enterococcus hirae is homologous to the putative k+/h+ antiporter (kefc) of escherichia coli. | two monovalent ion porters, the putative na+/h+ antiporter (napa) of enterococcus hirae and the putative k+/h+ antiporter (kefc) of escherichia coli, are similar in sequence throughout their hydrophobic domains. these two proteins, which comprise a novel family of transporters unrelated to the previously characterized na+/h+ exchangers of e. coli (nhaa and nhab) are proposed to function by essentially the same mechanism. | 1992 | 1325937 |
| gene structure of enterococcus hirae (streptococcus faecalis) f1f0-atpase, which functions as a regulator of cytoplasmic ph. | enterococcus hirae (formerly streptococcus faecalis) atcc 9790 has an f1f0-atpase which functions as a regulator of the cytoplasmic ph but does not synthesize atp. we isolated four clones which contained genes for c, b, delta, and alpha subunits of this enzyme but not for other subunit genes. it was revealed that two specific regions (upstream of the c-subunit gene and downstream of the gamma-subunit gene) were lost at a specific site in the clones we isolated, suggesting that these regions were ... | 1992 | 1328152 |
| identical genes confer high-level resistance to gentamicin upon enterococcus faecalis, enterococcus faecium, and streptococcus agalactiae. | the structural gene coding for the bifunctional aminoglycoside-modifying 6'-acetyltransferase-2''-phosphotransferase (6'aac-2''aph) enzyme was specifically amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using template dna of clinical isolates of enterococci (both enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium) and the single high-level gentamicin-resistant streptococcus agalactiae strain identified thus far. the results of the present study demonstrated that the genes encoding this antibiotic resist ... | 1992 | 1329614 |
| evidence of incorporation of the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of enterococcus faecalis ch19 into a transposon derived from staphylococci. | we recently reported the chromosomal location of the staphylococcal beta-lactamase gene in four strains of enterococcus faecalis. transfer of this gene from strain ch19 to an enterococcal recipient was accompanied by transfer of numerous other antimicrobial resistance determinants in the absence of detectable plasmid dna. a restriction map developed by comparing digestions of the regions surrounding the beta-lactamase gene in donor and recipient chromosomes resembles published maps of previously ... | 1992 | 1329630 |
| comparison of daptomycin, vancomycin, and ampicillin-gentamicin for treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by penicillin-resistant enterococci. | infections with enterococci that are resistant to multiple antibiotics are an emerging clinical problem. we evaluated the antibiotic treatment of experimental enterococcal endocarditis caused by two strains with different mechanisms of penicillin resistance. enterococcus faecalis hh-22 is resistant to aminoglycosides and penicillin on the basis of plasmid-mediated modifying enzymes; enterococcus raffinosus sf-195 is susceptible to aminoglycosides but is resistant to penicillin on the basis of lo ... | 1992 | 1329632 |
| in vitro activity of the new glycopeptide decaplanin. | the activity of decaplanin, a new glycopeptide, was compared to that of vancomycin, teicoplanin and daptomycin. decaplanin was two- to four-fold less active than vancomycin, telcoplanin and daptomycin against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, with an mic90 of 2 micrograms/ml for methicillin-susceptible and 4 micrograms/ml for methicillin-resistant isolates. decaplanin had activity similar to that of vancomycin against streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, group c ... | 1992 | 1330562 |
| tn5381, a conjugative transposon identifiable as a circular form in enterococcus faecalis. | we have identified two 19-kb conjugative transposons (tn5381 and tn5383) in separate strains of multiply resistant enterococcus faecalis. these transposons confer resistance to tetracycline and minocycline via a tetm gene, are capable of both chromosomal and plasmid integration in a rec- environment, and transfer between strains in the absence of detectable plasmid dna at frequencies ranging from < 1 x 10(-9) to 2 x 10(-5) per donor cfu, depending on the donor strain and the growth conditions. h ... | 1992 | 1331026 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of am-1155, a new 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone. | am-1155 is a new quinolone with a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against various bacteria including anaerobes and mycoplasma pneumoniae. am-1155 was 2- to 16-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin against staphylococcus aureus including methicillin-resistant strains, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and enterococcus faecalis; its mics for 90% of strains tested were 0.10 to 0.78 micrograms/ml. the activity of am-1155 was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin ... | 1992 | 1332587 |
| comparison of the gentamicin resistance transposon tn5281 with regions encoding gentamicin resistance in enterococcus faecalis isolates from diverse geographic locations. | the genetic determinant encoding gentamicin resistance (gmr) on the beta-lactamase encoding plasmid pbem10 of enterococcus faecalis hh22 is carried on a transposon, termed tn5281, that is highly related to the staphylococcal gmr transposons tn4001 found in australian isolates of staphylococcus aureus and tn4031 found in united states isolates of staphylococcus epidermidis. we have now studied plasmid dna from gmr strains of e. faecalis isolated from diverse geographical locations (houston, penns ... | 1992 | 1332593 |
| molecular typing of ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus faecium isolates from diverse geographic areas. | molecular typing methods were compared by using 66 ampicillin-resistant, non-beta-lactamase-producing enterococcus faecium clinical isolates from diverse geographic areas. whole-plasmid analysis, restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid dna with ecori and hindiii, and contour-clamped homogeneous electric field electrophoresis with digestion by smai and apai were performed on all isolates. whole-plasmid analysis identified 47 different groups. restriction enzyme analysis of plasmid dna identified 5 ... | 1992 | 1333477 |
| tetracycline enhances tn916-mediated conjugal transfer. | pregrowth of the donor on medium containing tetracycline increased conjugative transposition of tn916 and the transposon-dependent mobilization of pc194 19- to 119-fold in matings between bacillus subtilis and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. tn916 and pc194 transferred independently under these conditions. when enterococcus faecalis was the donor and b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis the recipient, pregrowth in tetracycline increased the conjugative transposition frequency by approx ... | 1992 | 1334267 |
| daptomycin or teicoplanin in combination with gentamicin for treatment of experimental endocarditis due to a highly glycopeptide-resistant isolate of enterococcus faecium. | using an experimental endocarditis model, we studied the activity of daptomycin used alone or in combination with gentamicin against an enterococcus faecium strain that was highly resistant to glycopeptides and susceptible to gentamicin. in vitro, the mic of daptomycin was 1 micrograms/ml. in vivo, daptomycin appeared to be effective only when it was used in a high-dose regimen, i.e., 12 mg/kg of body weight every 8 h (-2.5 log10 cfu/g versus controls; p < 0.05), particularly when it was combine ... | 1992 | 1336339 |
| [annual changes of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections and their susceptibility to new quinolone agents]. | statistical analyses were conducted on bacterial strains isolated from the urine of patients with urinary tract infections (uti) in the department of urology at aichi medical university from january 1988 through december 1991. the drug sensitivity of the bacterial strains isolated from patients with complicated uti between 1988 and 1991 was analyzed and compared. among the outpatients with uncomplicated uti, a total of 352 strains were isolated. e. coli was isolated the most frequently (90.1%). ... | 1992 | 1336639 |
| the comparative activity of fleroxacin, three other quinolones and eight unrelated antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of fleroxacin, a new trifluorinated quinolone was evaluated against 432 bacterial isolates. fleroxacin was 1- to 2-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and at least as active as ofloxacin and lomefloxacin against most members of the family enterobacteriaceae. the mics of fleroxacin for 90% of strains tested (mic90) were < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml against all isolates of enterobacteriaceae except citrobacter freundii (mic90, 4 micrograms/ml) and serratia marcescens (mic90, 2 m ... | 1992 | 1337507 |
| [a clinical case of puerperal septic metrothrombophlebitis]. | | 1992 | 1342560 |
| occurrence and mechanisms of glycopeptide resistance in gram-positive cocci. | despite belief that the unique mechanism of glycopeptide action would preclude the development of resistance in susceptible organisms, clinical isolates of enterococci and staphylococci resistant to these compounds have been described. among the enterococci, there are at least three types of resistance. type a (high-level) resistance was described in enterococcus faecium and e. faecalis. it is inducible and mediated by elaboration and/or increased activity of at least three enzymes: a ligase, a ... | 1992 | 1344669 |
| pristinamycin for enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin and gentamicin. | | 1992 | 1346324 |
| [postoperative infection control in patients with hepatic, biliary tract, and pancreatic cancers]. | postoperative infection occurs more frequently in patients with malignant disease than in patients with benign disease. postoperative infection control in patients with hepatic cancer, biliary tract cancer and pancreatic cancer is studied. although in patients with jaundice due to malignancy the rate of positive bacterial culture of the bile collected at the time of ptcd was low, the rate of positive bile culture increased after 10 to 14 days of ptcd. the predominant strain was enterococcus spp. ... | 1992 | 1346566 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of the muramidase-2 gene from enterococcus hirae. | extracellular muramidase-2 of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790 was purified to homogeneity by substrate binding, guanidine-hcl extraction, and reversed-phase chromatography. a monoclonal antibody, 2f8, which specifically recognizes muramidase-2, was used to screen a genomic library of e. hirae atcc 9790 dna in bacteriophage lambda gt11. a positive phage clone containing a 4.5-kb dna insert was isolated and analyzed. the ecori-digested 4.5-kb fragment was cut into 2.3-, 1.0-, and 1.5-kb pieces by usi ... | 1992 | 1347040 |
| clinical isolates of enterococci with high-level resistance to currently available aminoglycosides. | enterococci isolated from different body sites were tested for high-level gentamicin resistance. a total of 139 enterococcal isolates were screened for resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration [mic] greater than 2000 mg l-1) by a broth-tube method. twenty-five (18%) were found to exhibit resistance and this was confirmed by agar screening (1000 mg l-1) and agar dilution mic determinations. the majority of isolates also showed high-level resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin. the remaining ... | 1992 | 1348070 |
| chlorhexidine sensitivity of enterococcus faecium resistant to vancomycin, high levels of gentamicin, or both. | | 1992 | 1348760 |
| the housefly (musca domestica) as a carrier of pathogenic microorganisms in a hospital environment. | houseflies have long been regarded as potential carriers of microorganisms. since pathogenic microorganisms are widespread in the hospital environment, there is abundant opportunity for flies to become contaminated and, in turn, to contaminate the patient environment. in the present study, an attempt was made to isolate and identify pathogenic bacteria, fungi and parasites from the housefly musca domestica collected in the surgical ward of the all india institute of medical sciences hospital and ... | 1992 | 1348776 |
| prophylactic ciprofloxacin for catheter-associated urinary-tract infection. | patients receiving antibiotics during bladder drainage have a lower incidence of urinary-tract infections compared with similar patients not on antibiotics. however, antibiotic prophylaxis in patients with a urinary catheter is opposed because of the fear of inducing resistant bacterial strains. we have done a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of prophylactic ciprofloxacin in selected groups of surgical patients who had postoperative bladder drainage scheduled to last for 3 to 14 days. pati ... | 1992 | 1348797 |
| epidemiological role of arthropods detectable in health facilities. | a total of 161 arthropod specimens were collected from 55 sites in a health care facility during july and september 1990. of the 116 bacterial isolates obtained from their body surfaces 6% were from parasites (mosquitoes), 59% from eusynanthropic arthropods (tenebrionid beetles, flies, german cockroaches, wasps), 16% from hemisynanthropic arthropods (ants, spiders) and 19% from occasionally encountered insects (non-biting midges, moths, beetles). most (88%) of the isolated bacteria were gram-neg ... | 1992 | 1350604 |
| gadolinium ion inhibits loss of metabolites induced by osmotic shock and large stretch-activated channels in bacteria. | bacteria subjected to a hypotonic osmotic shock lose internal ions and also metabolites, without lysis of the cells. we show that the presence in the shock medium, at submillimolar concentrations, of the ion gadolinium, recently shown to block stretch-activated channels in xenopus oocytes [yang, x.-c. & sachs, f. (1989) science 243, 1068-1071], was sufficient to inhibit shock-induced release of metabolites such as lactose and atp in escherichia coli and atp in streptococcus faecalis. moreover, g ... | 1992 | 1350764 |
| enterococcal superinfection in paediatric oncology patients treated with imipenem. | | 1992 | 1351170 |
| antibiotic-resistant enterococci. | enterococci have emerged as an important cause of nosocomial infection. successful antibiotic treatment of serious enterococcal infection usually depends on the synergistic bactericidal effect achieved by the combination of a cell wall-active agent, such as ampicillin or a glycopeptide, and an aminoglycoside. however, the prevalence of enterococci resistant to one or more of these antibiotics is increasing, and has resulted in serious therapeutic difficulties. the mechanisms of antibiotic resist ... | 1992 | 1351492 |
| handwashing and disinfection of heavily contaminated hands--effective or ineffective? | hands are among the principal vehicles for transfer of nosocomial pathogens in hospitals. often, outbreaks of infection are thought to be caused by a lack of compliance with handwashing guidelines, rather than due to the inadequacy of the handwashing agents used. in this study the effectiveness of proper handwashing and the use of three different hand disinfectants: ethanol 70% (e), isopropanol 40% (i) and alcoholic chlorhexidine (70%) (ac) was compared using three volunteers whose fingertips we ... | 1992 | 1351497 |
| modular design of the enterococcus hirae muramidase-2 and streptococcus faecalis autolysin. | the mature forms of the extracellular muramidase-2 of enterococcus hirae and streptococcus faecalis autolysin have very similar primary structures. each consists of an active-site-containing n-terminal domain fused to a multiple-repeat c-terminal domain. polypeptide segments occurring at equivalent places in these two bacterial wall lytic enzymes have homologues in two phage lysozymes and in three functionally unrelated proteins, illustrating the principle that protein molecules frequently are c ... | 1992 | 1352512 |
| [the bactericidal efficiency of ultrasonic in the root canal]. | the objective of this paper was to determine the quantitative bactericidal efficiency of ultrasonic in the root canal. four test organisms found frequently in the root canal were compared. the result showed ultrasonic can kill the test organisms effectively in the root canals. the best bactericidal efficiency occurred at 4 or 5 min. of ultrasonic though the more efficiency as the time longer. bactericidal irrigation could increase the bactericidal efficiency of ultrasonic and its bactericidal ac ... | 1992 | 1354151 |
| prevention of staphylococcal septicaemia in very-low-birthweight infants. | | 1992 | 1355824 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of 16s ribosomal dna of streptococcus and enterococcus species of bovine origin. | twelve bacterial species including streptococcus uberis, s. parauberis, s. agalactiae, s. dysgalactiae, s. bovis, s. mitis, s. salivarius, s. saccharolyticus, enterococcus faecium, e. faecalis, e. avium, and aerococcus viridans were examined for their 16s ribosomal dna fingerprint patterns. oligonucleotide primers complementary to 16s rrna genes were used to amplify by the polymerase chain reaction 16s ribosomal gene fragments from genomic dnas. the molecular sizes of the amplified 16s ribosomal ... | 1992 | 1357000 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococcus durans. | | 1992 | 1357503 |
| a novel electrical method for the prevention of microbial colonization of intravascular cannulae. | an electrical device designed to prevent microbial attachment to plastic intravascular cannulae is described. the device produced an electrical current (10 microa) in both carbon-impregnated and 'hydrocath' cannulae. in-vitro models were utilized to demonstrate that the current can block several mechanisms by which microorganisms gain initial access to intravascular devices, including extra- and intra-luminal routes. the electrical system prevented organisms from traversing along both the extern ... | 1992 | 1358949 |
| antibiotic resistance of urinary pathogens isolated from patients attending the toronto hospital between 1986 and 1990. | a study was carried out on 1523 urinary isolates obtained at the toronto hospital, canada's largest tertiary care establishment, over three 1-month periods in 1986, 1987 and 1990. escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated organism, with enterococcus spp. the second most common isolate in 1986 and 1987, and streptococcus spp. in 1990. pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were found to be resistant to many of the antimicrobial agents tested. resistance patterns were found to commonly prescribed ... | 1992 | 1358954 |
| vancomycin-resistant enterococci in a district general hospital. | | 1992 | 1360587 |
| treatment of capd peritonitis with clavulanate potentiated ticarcillin. | a total of 16 episodes of peritonitis in 14 patients (9 males, 5 females), were treated with clavulanate potentiated ticarcillin (tc), a -lactamase stable parenteral penicillin. all the pts were hospitalized and received initial loading dose of 3.2 gr intraperitoneally (i.p.) in a 6-hour 1 l exchange, which was followed by four 1 l exchanges with 320 mg/ltc. the therapy was continued for ten days. the bacteria isolated were: staph. epid. (4), staph. aureus (2), strept. viridans (1), enterococcus ... | 1992 | 1361796 |
| the autolytic ('suicidase') system of enterococcus hirae: from lysine depletion autolysis to biochemical and molecular studies of the two muramidases of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790. | autolysis of enterococcus hirae atcc 9790 is the result of the action of endogenous enzymes that hydrolyze bonds in the protective and shape-maintaining cell wall peptidoglycan. it is thought that these potentially suicidal enzymes play a positive role(s) in wall growth and division and are expressed as autolysins when cell wall assembly and/or repair are inhibited. e. hirae possesses two potentially autolytic enzymes, both of which are muramidases. although they hydrolyze the same bond as hen e ... | 1992 | 1362171 |
| [adhesion capacity of enterococcus faecium (sf 68) and enterococcus faecalis to various substrates]. | the author's studied the adherence ability of enterococcus faecium sf 68 compared to that of enterococcus faecalis im 11f, on various substrates: vascular catheters and cardiac valves of rabbit, immunodepressed rats and diabetic rats. the bacterial adherence test was calculated by the number of bacteria adhered for microscopic field enlarged to 2000. the data obtained by scanning electron microscope sem (cambridge stereoscan 150 mk2) revealed a different adherence action of the two germs on the ... | 1992 | 1365744 |
| immobilization and treatment of streptococcus faecalis for the continuous conversion of arginine into citrulline. | citrulline is one of the steps of the arginine dihydrolase system of streptococcus faecalis. we have shown that the bacteria, immobilized in polyacrylamide gel and treated with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (ctab) or heat, were able to convert arginine to citrulline. used continuously in a column reactor, the entrapped cells have a stable enzymatic activity for at least 30 days at 45 degrees c. | 1990 | 1367441 |
| construction of a bioreactor for production of (r)-(-)-mandelate, a typical specialty chemical. | | 1990 | 1367442 |