| temocillin. in vitro antibacterial activity. | temocillin, a 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin derivative, was tested in vitro against 516 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. the compound exhibited good antibacterial activity, with 95% of isolates inhibited by a range 2 to 16 mg/l. further studies, against selected isolates resistant to ticarcillin, piperacillin and cefuroxime (klebsiella oxytoca, 25; enterobacter species, 34; and citrobacter species, 5), showed about half of the isolates of k. oxytoca (11/25) to be resistant to aztreon ... | 1985 | 3849425 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bmy-28142, a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bmy-28142 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and imipenem against 639 clinical isolates and a number of in vitro-selected resistant mutants. bmy-28142 was the most potent compound against the members of the family enterobacteriaceae with a mic for 90% of the strains of 0.12 micrograms/ml. the activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to that of ceftazidime and imipenem. strains of staphylococci were moderately susceptible to bmy-2 ... | 1985 | 3859244 |
| influence of imipenem on the serum resistance of enterobacteriaceae. | following growth in a subinhibitory concentration of imipenem and additional incubation in a 20% dilution of normal human serum (nhs) for 90 minutes, five of 12 serum-resistant strains of enterobacteriaceae showed a decrease in colony-forming units of two or more logs of growth compared with the control. two strains (of escherichia coli and enterobacter aerogenes) showed this phenomenon even with incubation in 5% nhs. treatment with imipenem did not change the serum resistance of the other seven ... | 1985 | 3863217 |
| [therapeutic efficacies of suppository of ceftizoxime against experimental infections in mice]. | in experimental infections in mice, the therapeutic efficacies of rectal administration of ceftizoxime (czx) were compared with those of subcutaneous administration. the efficacies of rectal administration were equivalent to those of subcutaneous administration against intraperitoneal infections due to streptococcus pneumoniae and escherichia coli. against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii and serrat ... | 1985 | 3869265 |
| apalcillin [pc-904]: spectrum of activity and beta-lactamase hydrolysis/inhibition. | apalcillin is a pseudomonas-active penicillin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity similar to that of piperacillin, except for the greater potency of apalcillin against acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa. studies with 846 isolates representative of the common bacterial pathogens compared apalcillin to piperacillin, azlocillin, mezlocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone. apalcillin and piperacillin were both active against all 13 species of the ent ... | 1985 | 3871382 |
| imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin): in vitro antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability. | in vitro studies with imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin or mk0787) were performed with 8481 clinical isolates in three separate medical centers. more extensive comparative studies were also performed with 605 representative isolates, comparing imipenem to six other beta-lactams. although the newer beta-lactams were often more active against susceptible species, imipenem demonstrated the broadest spectrum of antibacterial activity, with mic 90s less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml for all sp ... | 1985 | 3872196 |
| ways to overcome cephalosporinase-mediated beta-lactam resistance in enterobacter cloacae. | beta-lactam antibiotics which affect mainly pbp 3 and are poor substrates for the cephalosporinase of enterobacter cloacae, but tightly bind to it, are not active against cephalosporinase-overproducing variants of this organism. attempts have been made to greatly reduce the affinity for the beta-lactamase in order to prevent both binding and hydrolysis. 3-quaternary ammonium cephalosporins and some cephalosporin (s)-sulfoxides were seen to fit this requirement. suitable substitution of the monoc ... | 1985 | 3872727 |
| evidence for nonspecific induction of beta-lactamase in overproducing variants of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | induction of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases was studied in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. whereas isolates resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin exhibited an inducible enzyme, those sensitive to both agents did not. cefoxitin and above all imipenem proved the most efficacious enzyme inducers. variants among these inducible isolates which produced large amounts of beta-lactamase could be selected in the presence of cefamandole. in each of these selecte ... | 1985 | 3872794 |
| role of beta-lactam hydrolysis in the mechanism of resistance of a beta-lactamase-constitutive enterobacter cloacae strain to expanded-spectrum beta-lactams. | enterobacter cloacae strains producing chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase constitutively show high degrees of resistance to most of the third-generation beta-lactams. it has been proposed that this resistance is due to the nonhydrolytic binding or trapping of beta-lactams by the enzyme. we found that the outer membrane of e. cloacae strain 55m indeed had permeability to cefazolin about 14-fold lower than that of escherichia coli, and that the number of beta-lactamase molecules produced by thi ... | 1985 | 3873215 |
| carbapenems: special properties contributing to their activity. | imipenem is a beta-lactam antibiotic that inhibits most clinical isolates of staphylococci, enterobacteriaceae, and streptococci, excluding enterococci, at 1 microgram/ml or less. resistance can develop in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens, albeit infrequently. pseudomonas maltophilia is intrinsically resistant to imipenem. many strains of enterobacter cloacae, clostridium freundii, and s. marcescens resistant to the aminothiazolyl cepha ... | 1985 | 3873871 |
| role of beta-lactamases and outer membrane proteins in multiple beta-lactam resistance of enterobacter cloacae. | the chromosomal beta-lactamase and outer membrane proteins of enterobacter cloacae were examined to determine their relative contributions to multiple antibiotic resistance in this organism. mutants altered in beta-lactamase expression, whether derived in the laboratory or recovered from patients treated with one of the new beta-lactam antibiotics, were found to have no detectable alterations in outer membrane proteins. derepression of beta-lactamase in these mutants was associated with high-lev ... | 1985 | 3873897 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of dn-9550, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | dn-9550 [(6r, 7r)-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1h-imidazol-4-yl) methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-pyridinio)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia -1-azabicyclo methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride] is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the activity of dn-9550 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae was roughly comparable to that of ceftazidime, slightly lower th ... | 1985 | 3873898 |
| resistance caused by decreased penetration of beta-lactam antibiotics into enterobacter cloacae. | strains of enterobacter cloacae were selected on the basis of resistance to aztreonam, ceftazidime, moxalactam, or imipenem. all strains produced the same e2 beta-lactamase, with an isoelectric point greater than 9.5 and with high hydrolytic activity in the presence of cephaloridine. resistance to beta-lactams could not be correlated with the amount of beta-lactamase present in the various strains. beta-lactamase activity was induced strongly by moxalactam and imipenem in the wild-type and moxal ... | 1985 | 3873900 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (ama-1080), a new n-sulfonated monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. | the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of carumonam (ama-1080), a synthetic sulfazecin derivative, were compared with those of aztreonam, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, and cefsulodin. carumonam was highly active in vitro against members of the family enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and haemophilus influenzae and weakly active against streptococcus pneumoniae, but it was not active against staphylococcus aureus. the mics of carumonam for 90% of 1,156 clinical enterobacteriacea ... | 1985 | 3874598 |
| the interaction of beta-lactam compounds with chromosomally mediated enzymes: relations to the molecular structure. | the interaction of 25 beta-lactam compounds with both chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was studied by enzyme kinetics. all the penams, cephems, and the penem sch 29482 revealed 'competitive inhibition' of both enzymes. the penem required a preincubation period of approximately 5 min before reaching a state of equilibrium between the active and the inactive enzyme. except for the recently developed compound hr 810, newer cephalosporins gene ... | 1985 | 3875455 |
| beta-lactamase stability of temocillin. | the stability of temocillin to 12 different beta-lactamase preparations was studied using high pressure liquid chromatography and was compared with that of aztreonam, cefotetan and cefotaxime. temocillin was the most stable beta-lactam examined, being as stable as cefotetan to most of the beta-lactamases tested. however, cefotetan was hydrolysed at measurable rates by the beta-lactamase of enterobacter cloacae p99, in contrast to temocillin which was completely stable to this enzyme. aztreonam w ... | 1985 | 3875474 |
| cefpirome (hr 810): lack of selection of beta-lactamase overproducing variants. | with respect to the selection of beta-lactam-resistant variants marked discrepancies between the recently developed cephalosporin hr 810 and other recently developed cephalosporins could be observed: beta-lactam resistant subpopulations did not emerge during a 16-hour culture in the presence of the 20-fold minimal inhibitory concentration in a clinical enterobacter cloacae isolate (2240/81) in contrast to cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and ceftazidime. breakdown of the antibacterial agent ... | 1985 | 3875601 |
| population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime in staphylococcus and enterobacteriaceae. | population analyses of susceptibility to cefotaxime (ctx) and desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx) of strains of staphylococcus and some genera of enterobacteriaceae were carried out. dctx, which is the main metabolite of ctx, has antimicrobial activity. the penicillinase-producing strains of s. aureus and s. epidermidis were homogeneous as regards susceptibility to both agents. ctx was about 4-8 times more active than dctx. the methicillin-resistant strains contained a sub-population of resistant bacter ... | 1985 | 3875967 |
| properties of sepharose-bound beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae. | beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99 was immobilized onto sepharose by the cyanogen bromide activation method and the properties of the sepharose-bound enzyme were compared with those of soluble and cell-bound enzyme. the immobilized beta-lactamase showed enhanced stability to storage at 4 degrees c (approximately 1 year) in respect to the free enzyme in solution (few days). the optimum ph for activity is similar for both sepharose- and cell-bound beta-lactamase and extends over a broade ... | 1985 | 3877044 |
| use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. v. inducible chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase of the enterobacter cloacae 53 strain. | | 1985 | 3877734 |
| interactions of formylamino- and methoxy-substituted beta-lactam antibiotics with beta-lactamases. | cephem and nocardicin-type monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics with a formylamino substituent were highly resistant to hydrolysis by both penicillinases and cephalosporinases. among antibiotics with a methoxy substituent, an n-sulfonated monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic, sulfazecin was resistant to beta-lactamases, but cephem antibiotics were sensitive to the cephalosporinase of enterobacter cloacae. the resistance of the antibiotics to the beta-lactamases depended primarily on the presence of t ... | 1985 | 3878359 |
| hydrolysis of third-generation cephalosporins by enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase. | | 1985 | 3879218 |
| the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy 7 beta acyl ureido cephalosporin. | the activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy ureido cephalosporin, was determined against 726 clinical isolates. ninety percent of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter aerogenes, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii, salmonella, and shigella species were inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3 micrograms/ml. cefbuperazone was more active than cefamandole, cefoxitin and piperacillin against these species. concentrat ... | 1985 | 3879464 |
| aztreonam in the treatment of serious orthopedic infections. | aztreozam was evaluated in the treatment of a variety of orthopedic infections. included were 17 patients with osteomyelitis, three with purulent arthropathy with prostheses, and 16 with superficial infections secondary to trauma or surgical procedure. pathogens were gram-negative bacilli sensitive to aztreonam. concomitant antibiotics were administered for gram-positive cocci that were present initially or by superinfection. infecting organisms included pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimal inhibitor ... | 1985 | 3881949 |
| application of in-vitro models: development of resistance. | the development of chromosomal beta-lactam resistance of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was observed by following the bacterial kill-kinetics in an in-vitro model simulating human serum antibiotic concentrations. from sensitive escherichia coli cells mutants arose resistant to aminopenicillins, and to first and second generation cephalosporins, whereas with the ent. cloacae and citro. freundii mutants were also resistant to cefotaxime. resistant mutants from all ... | 1985 | 3884569 |
| pathogenesis of escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. | all 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 escherichia coli, two enterobacter cloacae, two citrobacter freundii, three proteus mirabilis and one proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary chemotaxis assay. this observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their ascension to the kidney(s). however, the incidence of motile isolates and their activity in urine taxi ... | 1985 | 3886554 |
| inhibitory activity of cefpiramide on beta-lactamase. | the beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of cefpiramide were investigated. cefpiramide was found to be stable to hydrolysis and inhibited beta-lactamase produced by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, and escherichia coli. kinetic studies showed that cefpiramide is a competitive inhibitor of cephaloridine hydrolysis by e. cloacae beta-lactamase. | 1985 | 3888544 |
| in vitro studies on the antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefsulodin. the compound was highly active against the common members of the enterobacteriaceae and 2 to 256 times more active than cefoperazone. ym-13115 was as active as ceftazidime against citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and morganella morganii and two to four times more active than ceftazidime against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, en ... | 1985 | 3890729 |
| aztreonam in the therapy of nosocomial infections in patients with impaired host defenses. | a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with aztreonam in hospital-acquired infections. twenty patients (13 men and 7 women) with impaired host defenses and nosocomial infections were treated with aztreonam at a dosage ranging 4 and 6 g/day i.v. at 8 or 12-hour intervals. average length of therapy was 10.35 +/- 4.61 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli (5), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), klebsiella pneumoniae (3), enterobacter cloacae (1 ... | 1985 | 3891117 |
| enterobacter cloacae ulceration in a failed corneal graft: a case report. | a 70-year-old female developed a bacterial ulcer in a previously rejected corneal graft. cultures identified the pathogen as enterobacter cloacae. intensive topical antibiotic therapy arrested the progress of the ulcer, and the epithelial defect healed in one week; there was no resultant stromal thinning. factors which may have predisposed the cornea to ulceration by this organism of relatively low virulence include chronic oedema following graft rejection, topical corticosteroid therapy, and te ... | 1985 | 3893527 |
| temocillin treatment of serious infections due to gram-negative bacilli in an intensive care unit. | in a group of 27 severely ill patients in an intensive care unit, 40 infections caused by gram-negative bacilli were treated with temocillin 2g twice daily by the direct intravenous route. the patients (17 men and 10 women) were aged from 35 to 93 years (mean 65.7 years) and 22 had severe underlying diseases. in addition, 10 of the patients were admitted to the intensive care unit following surgery; 6 had acute renal insufficiency, 5 had acute respiratory insufficiency, and 12 were suffering fro ... | 1985 | 3896741 |
| sch 34343 activity against streptococci and beta-lactam-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, latamoxef (moxalactam), aztreonam and ampicillin. against pneumococci, sch 34343 was as active as ampicillin, whereas against the other streptococci it was less active than ampicillin but significantly better than the other antibiotics against enterococci. with clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to cefotaxime, sch 34343 had mics generally less than 2 mg/l. after introduction of plasmid-mediated b ... | 1985 | 3897168 |
| sch 34343: in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. | the in-vitro activity of the penem sch 34343 was assessed in comparison with third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and imipenem. sch 34343 was active, with mics generally 2 mg/1 or less, against a broad spectrum of organisms amongst which were staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci (though enterococci were less susceptible with sch 34343 mics mostly 4-8 mg/1), anaerobes (including the bacteroides fragilis group), haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoea ... | 1985 | 3897169 |
| effect of beta-lactamase induction on susceptibility to cephalosporins in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. | for enterobacter cloacae gn5797 and serratia marcescens 72-2, which produce inducible beta-lactamases and respond antagonistically to many combinations of cephalosporins, the changes in beta-lactamase activity and sensitivity to cephalosporins were examined during semi-continuous cultivation in which the concentration of inducers was decreased by two-fold dilution of the culture every 30 min starting from 1 h after the addition of inducers. the levels of beta-lactamase, which peaked at 0.5-2 h a ... | 1985 | 3900023 |
| [carbenicillin resistance of gram-negative bacteria: incidence, biochemical and genetic determinism]. | of nine hundred ampicillin resistant (amp-r) enterobacteria strains, isolated in hospital between july and december 1981, 73,7% are also carbenicillin-resistant (carb-r). this particular double resistance varies depending upon the species considered: indole positive proteus (23%), enterobacter cloacae (64%), citrobacter freundii (67%), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (73%), proteus mirabilis (75%), serratia marcescens (90%), escherichia coli (91%), providencia stuartii (96%) and klebsiella pneumonia ... | 1985 | 3903620 |
| gentamicin vs cefotaxime for therapy of neonatal sepsis. relationship to drug resistance. | an outbreak of serious infections due to gentamicin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in a neonatal intensive care unit in which the combination of gentamicin sulfate and ampicillin sodium had been used for standard initial therapy for suspected sepsis for nearly 11 years. after institution of control measures that included the substitution of cefotaxime sodium for gentamicin in the standard regimen, the outbreak promptly subsided. nevertheless, a second outbreak of serious infections due ... | 1985 | 3904403 |
| transferable resistance to 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins in a strain of enterobacter cloacae. | | 1985 | 3905753 |
| cefamandole resistance transfer in bacterial strains from two newborn units. | transfer of cefamandole resistance was demonstrated from strains of citrobacter freundii as well as from individual strains of enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter anitratus and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in two newborn units. in citrobacter freundii, cefamandole resistance was transferred always with cephalotin resistance as well as with a tem-like beta lactamase (conferring resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and azlocillin). citrobacter freundii strains from hospital i we ... | 1985 | 3910723 |
| pathogenesis of catheter sepsis: a prospective study with quantitative and semiquantitative cultures of catheter hub and segments. | our purpose was to study prospectively the causes, routes of infection, and frequency of catheter-related sepsis in patients on total parenteral nutrition. from january 1981 to january 1984, cultures of 135 subclavian catheters from 135 adult patients were done by quantitative and semiquantitative methods. twenty patients (14.8%) had catheter-related sepsis. fourteen episodes (70%) stemmed from an colonized hub. skin infection (staphylococcus aureus, 2 cases), total parenteral nutrition mixture ... | 1985 | 3920239 |
| comparative in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin individually and in combination. | the in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin were compared with those of other third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins against over 1,000 clinical bacterial isolates. the activity of cefpiramide against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to those of piperacillin and cefoperazone, inhibiting 90% of strains at concentrations less than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml. this drug was also active against a broad range of gram-negative organisms but was generally le ... | 1985 | 3925875 |
| growth of bacteria in enteral feeding solutions. | solutions of clinifeed iso, triosorbon, vivonex standard (full- and half-strength) and vivonex hn were experimentally contaminated with two strains each of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella aerogenes, escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae at concentrations of 10(2)-10(3) organisms/ml. samples were incubated at 4, 25 or 37 degrees c and viable counts were made at 0, 4, 8 and 24 h. no increase in numbers of any of the organisms was observed in any of the feeds during 24 ... | 1985 | 3927003 |
| affinity of carumonam for penicillin-binding proteins. | direct labeling experiments with [14c]-carumonam as well as competition binding assays with [14c]-benzylpenicillin and [14c]-ceftriaxone have demonstrated that penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 3 of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa has the highest affinity for carumonam (ro 17-2301, ama-1080). pbp 1a is inhibited only at significantly higher concentration whereas other pbps display poor affinity. the ic50 values for binding to pbp 3 in e. coli and e. cloacae are i ... | 1985 | 3928279 |
| beta-lactamase susceptibility and comparative activity of sch 34343 and other beta-lactams for non-fermenters, neisseria spp. and beta-lactamase-positive enterobacteriaceae. | by means of a micro-dilution technique (10(5) cfu/cup) 30 strains of pseudomonas spp. were found resistant to sch 34343. the susceptibility of acinetobacter spp. (20 strains) was greatest for imipenem, followed by sch 34343 (mic approximately 0.7 mg/l), ceftazidime and ceftriaxone. ten moraxella strains were very susceptible to sch 34343, imipenem and ceftazidime. for 35 strains of neisseria gonorrhoeae (ten beta-lactamase-positive) and ten strains of n. meningitidis we noted no resistance to sc ... | 1985 | 3928576 |
| in vitro activities of the quinolone antimicrobial agents a-56619 and a-56620. | the in vitro activities of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, a-56619 and a-56620, were compared with those of norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and other antimicrobial agents. the activity of a-56620 was comparable to that of ciprofloxacin against escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, and aeromonas hydrophila (mics for 90% of the strains were less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml); acinetobacter anitratus and staphylococcus aureus (mic for 90% of the strains was 0.5 micrograms/ml); and most ... | 1985 | 3935046 |
| [clinical evaluation of a ticarcillin-clavulanic acid combination in severe infections in adults]. | timentin (ticarcillin (tcr) + clavulanic acid (ac)) was given for severe bacterial infections to sixteen hospitalized patients (10 male and 6 female; 16 to 75 years of age; normal renal function in 12). infections included 8 septicemias (of which 4 were secondary to pyelonephritis), 6 pyelonephritis (in addition to the four above-mentioned cases), and 3 suppurated cellulitis of the lower limbs (with septicemia in one case). the following bacteria were recovered: 10 escherichia coli, 1 pseudomona ... | 1985 | 3937132 |
| opportunistic infections in hysterectomy-derived, barrier-maintained guinea pigs. | guineapigs were rederived by hysterectomy and associated with a colonization-resistant enteric microflora (crf) of mouse origin to establish a strict barrier-maintained breeding colony. infections were suspected in 55 of 209 animals autopsied. from 65 of 67 tissue samples selected for bacteriological examination 167 isolates, belonging to 16 usually non-pathogenic bacterial species or groups, were isolated mostly from cases of mastitis, typhlitis, enteritis, otitis media and pneumonia. faecal st ... | 1986 | 3951194 |
| epidemiological study of enterobacter cloacae resistant to 3rd generation cephalosporins: a preliminary report. | in 1983 an increase in the resistance rate of cefotaxime against enterobacter cloacae strains was observed in "laikos general" hospital, that reached 59.3% in the 2nd half of the same year. all strains resistant to cefotaxime were found resistant to cefamandole, moxalactam and ceftriaxone while 61.8% were also resistant to amikacin. urine represented the main source of isolation, particularly from the catheterized patient of the renal transplantation unit in whom cefuroxime was mostly over used. ... | 1985 | 3986944 |
| the emergence of resistance and the therapy of septicaemia. | there were 658 positive blood cultures in st. thomas' hospital during 1982-1984, from which 301 enterobacteriaceae were isolated. most were of species that do not usually produce inducible class i beta-lactamases but 39 of the isolates were of species that do. many of these strains were resistant to the older cephalosporins but resistance to cefuroxime was uncommon and resistance to ceftazidime or cefotaxime was confined to five isolates of enterobacter cloacae (four of which were from patients ... | 1985 | 3986947 |
| assessment of head-space gas-liquid chromatography for the rapid detection of growth in blood cultures. | blood for transfusion was inoculated with between 10(0) and 10(2) colony-forming units (cfu) per ml of each of 59 microbial isolates and added to cooked meat broth. at intervals up to 72 h incubation, the cultures were examined by conventional visual inspection and automated head-space gas-liquid chromatography (hs-glc). forty-six isolates including all those examined of staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, s. pneumoniae, s. faecalis, s. milleri, s. mitior, s. mitis, s. salivarius, s. ... | 1985 | 3988854 |
| susceptibility of equine bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. | in vitro antimicrobic susceptibility patterns of commonly isolated aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial pathogens of equine origin were determined, using the agar-plate dilution method. all organisms were recent clinical isolates and included corynebacterium (rhodococcus) equi, corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, (coagulase positive) staphylococcus sp, streptococcus equi, streptococcus zooepidemicus, actinobacillus sp, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, p ... | 1985 | 3994111 |
| enterobacter bacteremia. an analysis of 50 episodes. | during a six-year period, 147 patients had enterobacter bacteremia (3.8% of the episodes of bacteremia), with an incidence of 1.25 per 1,000 admitted patients. we chose a random group of 50 cases for analysis. the disease was community acquired in 24% of the cases and nosocomially acquired in the remaining 76%. the bacteremia was unimicrobial in 70% and part of a polymicrobial bacteremia in 30%. the species most commonly causing bacteremia was enterobacter cloacae. portals of entry, in decreasin ... | 1985 | 4004426 |
| determination of mercury and organomercurial resistance in obligate anaerobic bacteria. | a methodology for determining the minimum inhibitory concentration of inorganic and organomercurial compounds for obligate anaerobic bacteria is described. a wide variation in the susceptibility of anaerobic clinical and sewage isolates was observed. isolates of bacteroides ruminicola and clostridium perfringens resistant to mercury were examined for their plasmid content and ability to demonstrate inducible resistance. none of the resistant anaerobes contained any plasmids, while resistant facu ... | 1985 | 4005712 |
| semisynthetic penicillins and cephalosporins containing the substituted 6-vinyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo- and 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid side chains. synthesis and structure-activity relationships. | a series of penicillins and cephalosporins containing the substituted 6-vinyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo- and 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid side chains has been prepared and compared to piperacillin and cefoperazone. the compounds show good activity when tested in vitro against an array of gram-negative bacteria. in vitro activity was also demonstrated against several species of gram-positive bacteria. two compounds, 14 and 21, show good in vivo activity when tested against klebsiella pneum ... | 1985 | 4008330 |
| in vitro comparative antimicrobial activity of cefpimizole against clinical isolates from five medical centers. | cefpimizole was compared with cefoperazone and cefotaxime against 6,599 clinical bacterial isolates from five medical centers. cefoperazone and cefotaxime were both more active and provided a greater spectrum of antimicrobial coverage than cefpimizole. some of the cefpimizole minimum concentrations inhibiting 50% of tested strains were as follows: citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae, 16 micrograms/ml; escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, 2.0 micrograms/ml; proteus mirabilis, 1.0 ... | 1985 | 4026275 |
| plasmid-determined cloacin df13-susceptibility in enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella edwardsii; identification of the cloacin df13/aerobactin outer membrane receptor proteins. | both enterobacter cloacae h478 and klebsiella edwardsii s15 were shown to harbour a relatively large conjugative plasmid that coded for cloacin df13-susceptibility and the production and uptake of a hydroxamate iron chelator, most probably aerobactin. protein-blotting experiments with antiserum raised against the purified cloacin df13/aerobactin receptor protein from escherichia coli (co1v-k30) revealed that the corresponding outer membrane receptor proteins of ent. cloacae h478 and k. edwardsii ... | 1985 | 4037784 |
| the pharmacokinetic and bactericidal characteristics of oral cefixime. | the pharmacokinetics of cefixime (fk 027), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, were assessed in 12 normal subjects after single oral doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg. mean peak serum concentrations were 1.02, 1.46, 2.63, and 3.85 micrograms/ml after the four respective doses. respective mean serum levels at 12 hours were 0.16, 0.33, 0.72, and 1.13 micrograms/ml. volumes of distribution averaged 0.1 l/kg body weight, and the elimination t1/2 was 3 hours for all doses. the auc was 7.01, 11.4, 22.5, a ... | 1985 | 4053491 |
| cefadroxil in the horse: pharmacokinetics and in vitro antibacterial activity. | sodium cefadroxil was administered as a single intravenous dose (25 mg/kg) to six healthy adult mares. plasma samples were collected over a 24-h period and cefadroxil concentrations were measured by microbiological assay. the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug was appropriately described in terms of a one-compartment open model. values for the major pharmacokinetic terms were: extrapolated initial plasma concentration = 59.2 +/- 15.0 micrograms/ml; half-life = 46 +/- 20 min; apparent volume of ... | 1985 | 4057345 |
| lower respiratory tract infection. | the most important lower respiratory infection is pneumonia, the fourth leading cause of death. most cases of bronchitis are of viral etiology and are not major problems. empyema can present an important problem in management. although the diagnosis of pneumonia is usually relatively straightforward, the specific etiologic diagnosis remains a major problem. availability of empyema fluid or a positive blood culture result can be helpful in making the etiologic diagnosis, but these are unavailable ... | 1985 | 4073097 |
| molecular analysis of multiple-resistance plasmids transferred from gram-negative bacteria isolated in a urological unit. | forty-one isolates of multiply resistant gram-negative bacteria causing infection in a urological unit of a dublin hospital were collected during a 6-month period. twenty-one isolates transferred multiple resistance to an escherichia coli k-12 recipient in liquid matings. serratia marcescens, proteus morganii, proteus vulgaris, and e. coli isolates harbored similar 120-megadalton incc plasmids, whereas enterobacter cloacae strains transferred a 160-megadalton plasmid of a different inc group. so ... | 1985 | 4073862 |
| studies on monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotics. ii. synthesis and antibacterial activity of 3-acylamino-2-azetidinone-1-oxysulfonic acids. | the synthesis and in vitro antibacterial and beta-lactamase inhibitory activity of the 2-azetidinone-1-oxysulfonic acids having a substituent at c-4 position of the beta-lactam ring are described. the influence of c-4 substituents on the antibacterial activity was examined for the compounds having alpha-ureidoacetyl or alpha-oxyiminoacetyl group as acyl side chain at c-3 position. the antibacterial activity is correlated with the c-4 substituents and acyl side chain. especially, 4(r)-methyl subs ... | 1985 | 4077733 |
| population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime in enterobacteriaceae. | population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime (ctx) in eight species of enterobacteriaceae was carried out. one strain of each species was examined. the strains represented their individual species as regards natural susceptibility to ampicillin (a) and carbenicillin (ca). cephalothinase activity of the parental strains and strains selected on the plates with the highest concentration that allowed growth was determined by an ultraviolet assay. the populations of the a-susceptible/ca-suscep ... | 1985 | 4083013 |
| holding effects on coliform enumeration in drinking water samples. | standard procedures for analyzing drinking water stress the need to adhere to the time and temperature conditions recommended for holding samples collected for microbiological testing. the national drinking water laboratory certification program requires compliance with these holding limits, but some investigators have reported difficulties in meeting them. research was conducted by standard analytical methods to determine if changes occurred when samples were held at 5 and 22 degrees c and anal ... | 1985 | 4083877 |
| selective detection and enumeration of fecal coliforms in water by potentiometric measurement of lipoic acid reduction. | water samples of various origins were inoculated into a specific coliform-selective lactose broth provided with lipoic (thioctic) acid, and the time evolution of the redox potential of the cultures was monitored during incubation at 41 degrees c by use of gold versus reference electrodes. positive potential-time responses, i.e., 100-mv potential shifts recorded within 20 h of inoculation, were related to the initial number of fecal coliforms in the broth determined by control enumeration techniq ... | 1985 | 4091553 |
| [bronchocentric granulomatosis (report of a case associated with enterobacter cloacae)]. | | 1985 | 4095402 |
| letter: urinary-tract infections due to atypical enterobacter cloacae. | | 1974 | 4139586 |
| transferrable resistance to tobramycin in klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae associated with enzymatic acetylation of tobramycin. | among gram-negative bacilli isolated from burn wound cultures, some strains of enterobacteriaceae were resistant to tobramycin (minimal inhibitory concentration [mic]>/= 20 mug/ml) but susceptible to gentamicin (mic </= 5 mug/ml). one klebsiella pneumoniae and two enterobacter cloacae strains were selected for studies on their mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. resistance to high concentrations of tobramycin (mics of 25 to 50 mug/ml) was conjugally transferred to a susceptib ... | 1974 | 4157351 |
| insect immunity. i. characteristics of an inducible cell-free antibacterial reaction in hemolymph of samia cynthia pupae. | pupae of the silk moth, samia cynthia, were found to contain an inducible antibacterial activity in their hemolymph. this immunity response was provoked by primary infections with either escherichia coli k-12 or enterobacter cloacae. in both cases the antibacterial activity was directed chiefly towards e. coli. during standard conditions, 1% of hemolymph could kill 10(3) to 10(4) viable e. coli, strain d31, within 5 min. a lower level of antibacterial activity was induced by injections of a ster ... | 1974 | 4210336 |
| citrate metabolism in aerobacter cloacae. | growth of aerobacter cloacae on citrate either anaerobically or aerobically did not require and was not stimulated by the presence of na(+) in the medium. citrate was metabolized anaerobically via the fermentation pathway as evidenced by the (i) presence of oxalacetate decarboxylase, (ii) induction of citrate lyase, and (iii) repression of alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase under anaerobic conditions. thus, although all the other enzymes of the citric acid cycle were present in anaerobic cells, t ... | 1974 | 4211873 |
| biochemical and clinical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibility of atypical enterobacter cloacae. | the characteristics of an atypical group of the family enterobacteriaceae resembling enterobacter cloacae were studied. the urinary tract was the most common source of these organisms, and most strains represented infections of secondary clinical significance. in contrast to typical enterobacter strains, the atypical strains were highly susceptible to the cephalosporins; otherwise, there was a high degree of susceptibility to five other antibiotics and resistance to ampicillin except in very hig ... | 1969 | 4307882 |
| structural studies on colanic acid, the common exopolysaccharide found in the enterobacteriaceae, by partial acid hydrolysis. oligosaccharides from colanic acid. | the exopolysaccharide slime colanic acid has been isolated from representative strains of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium and aerobacter cloacae. analysis showed that each polymer contained glucose, galactose, fucose and glucuronic acid, together with acetate and pyruvate. the molar proportions of these components were 1:1.8:1.9:1:1:1 approximately. on the basis of periodate oxidation of the natural and deacetylated polysaccharide, glucose is proposed as the site of the acetyl groups. t ... | 1969 | 4311825 |
| gram-negative bacilli in burns. | in a period of two years, 865 strains of gram-negative bacilli other than pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from burns were identified by a range of tests. the commonest species were proteus mirabilis, escherichia coli, and enterobacter cloacae. many strains of klebsiella aerogenes, enterobacter aerogenes, and bacterium anitratum were also found.a large proportion of the strains were tested for sensitivity to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and carbenicillin, ... | 1969 | 4312399 |
| susceptibility of enterobacter aerogenes and enterobacter cloacae to 19 antimicrobial agents in vitro. | | 1970 | 4318051 |
| comparison of the substrate specificities of the -lactamases from klebsiella aerogenes 1082e and enterobacter cloacae p99. | a potent beta-lactamase (ec 3.5.2.6) produced by a strain of klebsiella aerogenes (k. pneumoniae), 1082e, isolated from a hospital patient, has been examined. its properties were different from those of most gram-negative beta-lactamases previously reported. the enzyme has been partly purified, and its activity against a range of substrates has been compared with that of the enzyme from enterobacter cloacae (aerobacter cloacae) p99. the k. aerogenes enzyme, although predominantly a penicillinase ... | 1972 | 4553144 |
| bacterial degradation of benzyl isothiocyanate. | bacteria that degrade benzyl isothiocyanate to benzylamine and hydrogen sulfide were isolated from papaya pulp homogenate by enrichment culture techniques. these organisms were identified as members of enterobacter cloacae. | 1972 | 4557564 |
| mapping and fi character determination of r factors of enterobacter cloacae df13. | | 1972 | 4561898 |
| effect of catecholamines on the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. | epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dihydroxyphenylalanine at 8 mm concentrations prevented iodination of zymosan by intact neutrophils and decarboxylation of l-alanine by leukocyte sonic extracts. the same concentration of epinephrine also reduced bactericidal activity of the leukocyte against staphylococcus aureus, enterobacter cloacae, and proteus rettgeri without decreasing phagocytosis of bacteria. spectral studies indicated that epinephrine interferes with the myeloperoxidase-mediated reactio ... | 1972 | 4564885 |
| cefoxitin, a semisynthetic cephamycin antibiotic: resistance to beta-lactamase inactivation. | cefoxitin is a new, cephalosporin-like antibiotic which is highly resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamase. ninety-one cultures were selected either for their general resistance to cephalosporin antibiotics or for their ability to produce beta-lactamase. some of these cultures were resistant to cefoxitin. the capacity of each of the 91 strains to hydrolyze cefoxitin with beta-lactamase was determined. only seven of the cultures degraded the antibiotic as determined by a general assay for beta-l ... | 1974 | 4599124 |
| clinical study of the use of the new aminoglycoside tobramycin for therapy of infections due to gram-negative bacteria. | tobramycin, a new aminoglycoside antimicrobial, was evaluated as therapy for infections due to gram-negative bacilli in 15 seriously ill patients with underlying diseases. three of 10 patients with gram-negative bacteremias also had urinary tract infections. two patients had respiratory tract infections, one had cellulitis, one had a urinary tract infection, and another had septic phlebitis. twelve patients were cured of their infections. eosinophilia was observed in one patient and another deve ... | 1974 | 4599125 |
| biochemical and antibiotic susceptibility studies of h2s-negative citrobacter. | ninety-four strains of h(2)s-negative citrobacter were biochemically characterized and their antibiograms were determined. the antibiograms demonstrated not only a difference from enterobacter cloacae but also a difference within the citrobacter group between the indole-negative and indole-positive strains. these differences were statistically significant and emphasize the importance of the indole reaction as an aid to speciation of the h(2)s-negative citrobacter. | 1974 | 4602308 |
| in-use contamination of intravenous infusion fluid. | during the 1970 to 1971 nationwide epidemic of septicemias caused by enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter agglomerans traced to intrinsic contamination of abbott intravenous infusion products, 94 infusion systems manufactured by baxter laboratories were studied microbiologically and epidemiologically during hospital use. intravenous fluid from 10 systems (11%) contained microorganisms, usually staphylococcus or bacillus species; one infusion was heavily contaminated with klebsiella pneumoniae. ... | 1974 | 4613269 |
| [formation of gallic acid from quinic acid by enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas fluorescens]. | | 1973 | 4632608 |
| inhibition of beta-lactamases by beta-lactam antibiotics. | the inhibitory properties of a selected number of beta-lactam antibiotics were studied, with the use of three distinct types of beta-lactamases. the three enzymes were found to be distinguishable on the basis of their susceptibility to inhibition. not one of the potential inhibitors tested was found to be a potent inhibitor of all three enzymes, but nafcillin possessed the broadest inhibitory activity. the enzyme isolated from enterobacter cloacae was found to be the most susceptible. in some ca ... | 1972 | 4670438 |
| postoperative endocarditis due to enterobacter cloacae. report of a case cured by antibiotic therapy. | | 1973 | 4746547 |
| complement consumption in normal fresh sera by double culture paramaecium caudatum and aerobacter cloacae compared with survival and body weight changes in irradiated rats. | | 1973 | 4771081 |
| comparison of the chemotherapeutic and pharmacodynamic activities of cephradine, cephalothin, and cephaloridine in mice. | cephradine, a new semisynthetic cephalosporin derivative, is 7[d(-)-2-amino-2-(1,4-cyclohexadien-1-yl) acetamido]-3-methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid hydrate. the compound has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity in vitro. when given subcutaneously to mice, cephradine was appreciably more effective than cephalothin against infections induced by penicillinase-producing staphylococcus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, or enterobacter cloacae strains. ... | 1973 | 4790592 |
| properties of silver sulfadiazine-resistant enterobacter cloacae. | two silver sulfadiazine-resistant isolates of enterobacter cloacae obtained in a burns unit where the drug was in use were studied. these strains were resistant to elevated levels of the drug, and they were cross-resistant to silver benzoate, but not to silver nitrate. growth of the strains in nutritionally poor defined media sensitized them to the inhibitory action of the drug. exposure of the bacteria to penicillins rendered them susceptible to silver sulfadiazine. the resistant bacteria harbo ... | 1974 | 4840432 |
| energy supply and cell yield in aerobically growth microorganisms. | cell yields of pseudomonas fluorescens, aerobacter cloacae uw-c83, escherichia coli k-12, candida utilis uw-3, and saccharomyces carlsbergensis uw-110 grown aerobically on several carbon sources are reported. the y(atp) concept is discussed in relation to the yields on oxygen and to assumed p to o ratios for bacteria and reported p to o ratios for yeast. | 1967 | 4862189 |
| purification and genetic determination of bacteriocin production in enterobacter cloacae. | enterobacter cloacae (strain df13) was found to produce a bacteriocin which could be induced by mitomycin c. in the supernatant fluid of the induced culture phagelike particles were found. the bacteriocin was partially purified from induced cultures by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel-filtration on sephadex g-150. ultraviolet-absorbing material was eluted from the sephadex column in three fractions. the biological activity was mainly present in the second fraction and is associated with a ... | 1968 | 4867749 |
| structural analysis of colanic acid from escherichia coli by using methylation and base-catalysed fragmentation. comparison with polysaccharides from other bacterial sources. | essentially the same methanolysis products were obtained after methylation of the slime and capsular polysaccharides from escherichia coli k12 (s53 and s53c sub-strains) and the slime polysaccharides from e. coli k12 (s61), aerobacter cloacae n.c.t.c. 5290 and salmonella typhimurium sl1543. these were the methyl glycosides of 2-o-methyl-l-fucose, 2,3-di-o-methyl-l-fucose, 2,3-di-o-methyl-d-glucuronic acid methyl ester, 2,4,6-tri-o-methyl-d-glucose, 2,4,6-tri-o-methyl-d-galactose and the pyruvic ... | 1969 | 4902692 |
| a bacteriocinogenic factor of enterobacter cloacae. | | 1969 | 4903168 |
| a bacteriocinogenic factor of enterobacter cloacae. | | 1969 | 4905439 |
| pathways of anaerobic acetate utilization in escherichia coli and aerobacter cloacae. | acetate-1-(14)c was added to anaerobic glucose-fermenting cultures of escherichia coli and aerobacter cloacae. in the e. coli culture, lactate formation occurred late in the fermentation, when the rate of production of formate and acetate had decreased. the occurrence of acetate label in the lactate indicated formation of pyruvate from acetyl-coenzyme a (coa) and formate. in the a. cloacae cultures, substantial amounts of acetate label were found in the 2,3-butanediol formed. evidence is present ... | 1970 | 4908786 |
| antigenic relationship between shigella sonnei phase ii and enterobacter cloacae. | | 1969 | 4911434 |
| control of colanic acid synthesis. | the nucleotide pools of certain mucoid, colanic acid-synthesizing strains of escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, and aerobacter cloacae were examined, and in all cases the nucleotide sugars uridine-5'-diphosphate glucose (udpg), uridine-5'-diphosphate galactose (udpgal), guanosine-5'-diphosphate fucose (gdpf), and uridine-5'-diphosphate glucuronic acid (udpga) were detected. it is postulated that these nucleotide sugars are precursors in the synthesis of colanic acid. the levels of these n ... | 1970 | 4912533 |
| [rapid identification of the sub-genera of the enterobacter group. taxonomic proposal of various biochemical varieties of enterobacter cloacae]. | | 1970 | 4915932 |
| comparative structural studies on the m-antigen from salmonella typhimurium. escherichia coli and aerobacter cloacae. | | 1971 | 4941627 |
| some relationships between r-factor and chromosomal -lactamase in gram-negative bacteria. | 1. the beta-lactamases specified by klebsiella aerogenes 418 and the r-factor r-7268 have been partially purified. 2. the molecular weights of the k. aerogenes strains 418 and 373, aerobacter cloacae 53, r-7268 and r-tem beta-lactamases were all about 20000; that of the enzymes from escherichia coli strains 419 and 214t was about 31000. 3. these enzymes were also compared by means of their k(m) values for benzylpenicillin and ampicillin, and their behaviour on starch-gel electrophoresis. 4. the ... | 1971 | 4942448 |
| anaerobic growth yields of aerobacter cloacae and escherichia coli. | aerobacter cloacae uw-c83 and escherichia coli k-12 were grown under various anaerobic environments. y(atp) values were calculated by determination of cell weights and analyses for fermentation products. these y(atp) values are compared with others reported in the literature. limitation of growth by factors other than adenosine triphosphate supply is discussed. | 1967 | 4963790 |
| occurrence of chloramphenicol-acetylating enzymes in various gram-negative bacilli. | the occurrence of a chloramphenicol-acetylating enzyme, similar to that found in escherichia coli, carrying an r factor was investigated in various gram-negative bacilli. the acetylated products of chloramphenicol were identified by chromatography and quantitatively assayed after benzene extraction. the investigated strains were of the salmonella-arizona group, the klebsiella-aerobacter group, serratia marcescens, the proteus group, and pseudomonas aeruginosa, most of which were isolated from 19 ... | 1967 | 4964485 |
| isoenzymes of bacterial beta-galactosidases: purification and characterization of a nonisoenzyme forming beta-galactosidase of aerobacter cloacae. | | 1970 | 4985720 |