| frequent isolation of francisella tularensis from dermacentor reticulatus ticks in an enzootic focus of tularaemia. | a total of 924 questing dermacentor reticulatus (fabricius), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), sixty haemaphysalis concinna koch and 718 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) were examined in a floodplain forest ecosystem during the 1994-95 outbreak of tularaemia in south moravia, czech republic. francisella tularensis was not isolated from h.concinna ticks or aedes spp. mosquitoes, whereas twenty-one isolates were recovered from the other haematophagous arthropods. dermacentor reticulatus revealed a significantly hig ... | 1996 | 8887334 |
| amplification and restriction endonuclease digestion of a large fragment of genes coding for rrna as a rapid method for discrimination of closely related pathogenic bacteria. | by use of primers specific to conserved regions of the rrna gene cluster, a discrete amplicon of approximately 5 kb was amplified by pcr from all 21 bacterial genera investigated. subsequent endonuclease digestion of the pcr product with haeiii distinguished between the three species of the human pathogen francisella spp. on the one hand and four clinically relevant genomic groups of acinetobacter spp. on the other hand. the described technique has the potential as a rapid method for discriminat ... | 1996 | 8940418 |
| loss of either cd4+ or cd8+ t cells does not affect the magnitude of protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen, francisella tularensis strain lvs. | normal mice readily survive a sublethal intradermal (i.d.) infection with francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs), a model intracellular bacterium, and are strongly protected against subsequent lethal challenge. however, athymic nu/nu mice, which lack mature alphabeta tcr+ t lymphocytes, succumb to i.d. infection within 30 days. here we characterize the alphabeta t cell subpopulations necessary for both resolution of i.d. infection and generation of optimal protective immunity to lvs. b ... | 1996 | 8943413 |
| detection of francisella tularensis by the polymerase chain reaction. | francisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularaemia. effective antibiotic treatment of tularaemia is now available, but the early diagnosis of tularaemia remains a problem. four primers (three pairs) were designed to detect f. tularensis by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr), based on the previously published nucleotide sequence of t-cell epitopes of a f. tularensis membrane protein. amplification of purified f. tularensis chromosomal dna with the three pairs of primers resulted in thre ... | 1996 | 8958253 |
| [the characterization of francisella tularensis mutants and subspecies by using monoclonal antibodies]. | monoclonal antibodies to f.tularensis cells, subspecies holarctica, were studied for the capacity of reacting with f.tularensis, subspecies nearctica, and its mutants having lower virulence and altered capacity for inducing protective immunity to tularemia in laboratory animals. among the antibody-producing hybridoma clones under study, clones f8/67 and c7/65 capable of distinguishing the mutants of f.tularensis, subspecies nearctica, with lower virulence than that of the initial strain were sel ... | 1996 | 9027167 |
| serological survey for diseases in free-ranging coyotes (canis latrans) in yellowstone national park, wyoming. | from october 1989 to june 1993, we captured and sampled 110 coyotes (canis latrans) for various diseases in yellowstone national park, wyoming (usa). prevalence of antibodies against canine parvovirus (cpv) was 100% for adults (> 24 months old), 100% for yearlings (12 to 24 months old), and 100% for old pups (4 to 12 months old); 0% of the young pups (< 3 months old) had antibodies against cpv. presence of antibodies against canine distemper virus (cdv) was associated with the age of the coyote, ... | 1997 | 9027690 |
| tularemia. | | 1996 | 9033975 |
| evidence that eukaryotic triosephosphate isomerase is of alpha-proteobacterial origin. | we have cloned and sequenced genes for triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) from the gamma-proteobacterium francisella tularensis, the green non-sulfur bacterium chloroflexus aurantiacus, and the alpha-proteobacterium rhizobium etli and used these in phylogenetic analysis with tpi sequences from other members of the bacteria, archaea, and eukarya. these analyses show that eukaryotic tpi genes are most closely related to the homologue from the alpha-proteobacterium and most distantly related to archae ... | 1997 | 9037042 |
| [a milk-borne outbreak of tularemia in moscow]. | | 1996 | 9082717 |
| tularemia pneumonia. | tularemia pneumonia may complicate the various clinical presentations of tularemia, or present as an uncommon zoonosis. approximately 200 cases of tularemia are reported in the united states per year, and 10% to 20% present with pneumonia either as a primary event or as a complication of ulceroglandular or typhoidal tularemia. tularemia pneumonia also occurs with the other tularemic forms, glandular, oculoglandular, and oropharyngeal tularemia as a result of secondary bacteremic spread to the lu ... | 1997 | 9097380 |
| [the epizootic characteristics of tularemia in the crimea]. | cases of tularemia were registered in the crimea both before and after planned immunization. in 1981-1993 in 4.000 localities 35,100 mammals, 27,400 ectoparasites, 8,800 feces left by birds of prey and foxes and 900 environmental specimens were studied. 137 francisella tularensis strains were isolated. field mapping of the spread of f.tularensis and places of habitation of small mammals was carried out. the active polyhostal natural focus of tularemia was found to exist on the kerch peninsula, l ... | 1996 | 9103072 |
| francisella philomiragia sepsis in chronic granulomatous disease. | | 1997 | 9109152 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in ulcers of patients with tularemia by pcr. | the diagnosis of human cases of tularemia is usually confirmed by the demonstration of an antibody response to francisella tularensis, which occurs about 2 weeks after the onset of disease. due to a high risk of infection in the laboratory, cultivation of the causative agent tends to be avoided. during an outbreak in sweden, the use of pcr for diagnosing the ulceroglandular form of tularemia was evaluated. extraction and preparation of f. tularensis dna from swab samples from the wounds of patie ... | 1997 | 9114378 |
| a novel role for b cells in early protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen, francisella tularensis strain lvs. | normal balb/cbyj mice given a sublethal infection of francisella tularensis strain lvs survived 10(6) ld50s of lethal challenge given only 3 days later. here, we determine the cell types responsible for this very strong early protective immunity. early protection is observed in athymic nu/nu mice but not fully immunodeficient scid mice, implicating a lymphocyte in this response. using scid mice that are reconstituted with various purified cell subpopulations, as well as mice with genetically tar ... | 1997 | 9120284 |
| characterization of the nucleotide sequence of the groe operon encoding heat shock proteins chaperone-60 and -10 of francisella tularensis and determination of the t-cell response to the proteins in individuals vaccinated with f. tularensis. | the groe operon of francisella tularensis lvs, encoding the heat shock proteins chaperone-10 (cpn10) and cpn60, was sequenced and characterized, and the t-cell response of lvs-vaccinated individuals to the two proteins and the third major chaperone, ft-dnak, was assayed. the cpn10 and cpn60 genes were amplified by pcr with degenerate oligonucleotides derived from the n-terminal sequence of the two proteins. the sequence analysis revealed the expected two open reading frames, encoding proteins wi ... | 1997 | 9125567 |
| a francisella tularensis dna clone complements escherichia coli defective for the production of era, an essential ras-like gtp-binding protein. | we cloned the era gene of francisella tularensis from a plasmid library by heterologous genetic complementation of an escherichia coli mutant conditionally defective for the production of era, an essential protein for cell growth. nucleotide sequence analysis indicated that, in f. tularensis, era constitutes a single gene operon. orfs aspc and mdh encoding aspartate aminotransferase and malate dehydrogenase, respectively, flank era in f. tularensis. although classified as gram-, the flanking reg ... | 1997 | 9161408 |
| identification of proteins of francisella tularensis induced during growth in macrophages and cloning of the gene encoding a prominently induced 23-kilodalton protein. | the adaptation of facultative intracellular bacteria to host macrophages involves regulation of the synthesis of bacterial proteins. we analyzed the protein synthesis of francisella tularensis lvs growing intracellularly in the macrophage-like murine cell line j774 and extracellularly in culture medium. after pulse-labeling with [35s] methionine and separation by one- and two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, induction of a few proteins during intracellular growth was demonstrated. ... | 1997 | 9169749 |
| [the composition of the cellular fatty acids in bacteria of the genera yersinia and francisella]. | the studied strains of yersinia pseudotuberculosis (5 st.), y. enterocolitica (2 st.), y. intermedia (1 st.), y. frederiksenii (1 st.), y. kristensenii (1 st.) and y. ruckeri (1 st.) have similar fatty acid profiles of cells mainly represented by straight chain and cyclopropanic fatty acids with chain of 12 to 19 carbon atoms. prevalence of c16:1, c16:0, c17v, in the spectrum and c18:1 under growth in meat-peptone broth are observed. strains of y. pseudotuberculosis as well as the already studie ... | 1997 | 9172861 |
| aerosol delivery of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin: aerosol characterization and efficacy against francisella tularensis infection in mice. | the aerosol delivery of liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin by using 12 commercially available jet nebulizers was evaluated in this study. aerosol particles containing liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxacin generated by the nebulizers were analyzed with a laser aerodynamic particle sizer. mean mass aerodynamic diameters (mmads) and geometric standard deviations (gsds) were determined, and the drug contents of the sampling filters from each run onto which aerosolized liposome-encapsulated ciprofloxa ... | 1997 | 9174185 |
| the economic impact of a bioterrorist attack: are prevention and postattack intervention programs justifiable? | understanding and quantifying the impact of a bioterrorist attack are essential in developing public health preparedness for such an attack. we constructed a model that compares the impact of three classic agents of biologic warfare (bacillus anthracis, brucella melitensis, and francisella tularensis) when released as aerosols in the suburb of a major city. the model shows that the economic impact of a bioterrorist attack can range from an estimated $477.7 million per 100,000 persons exposed (br ... | 1997 | 9204289 |
| early consequences of macrophage-francisella tularensis interaction under the influence of different genetic background in mice. | the induction, regulation and expression of protective immunity against francisella tularensis lvs infection is dependent on the results of primary interaction between the cells of host's immunoregulatory system and the microbe. the early events, at least on the side of macrophages, are under the genetic control. to determine the impact of genes that might be involved in the control of resistance to francisella tularensis lvs infection, we have used three different inbred strains of mice with in ... | 1997 | 9232429 |
| [a rapid method for assessing the virulence of francisella tularensis in vitro]. | a rapid and simple method for the in vitro evaluation of the virulence of f. tularensis is proposed. the optimal parameters--the concentrations of bacteria and the substrate (phenolphthalein phosphate), the time incubation in the serum--have been developed and special conditions for strains of different subspecies have been selected. the proposed method makes it possible to greatly reduce the time of obtaining results and to exclude labor-consuming experiments on laboratory animals when working ... | 1997 | 9245133 |
| [an epidemiological investigation of a tularemia outbreak in smolensk province]. | the investigation of the epidemic outbreak of tularemia morbidity among the population of vyaz'ma, was carried out. in this investigation the disease was shown to be transmitted by the water route due to contamination of water in the local water mains as the result of serious violations of the rules of using water supply systems. in the process of the investigation of this outbreak a natural focus of tularemia, not registered heretofore, was discovered. the work emphasizes the inadmissibility of ... | 1997 | 9245138 |
| suppression of francisella tularensis growth in the rat by co-infection with f. novicida. | we have previously shown that when cultured in vitro, peritoneal rat macrophages infected with francisella novicida spontaneously release nitric oxide in sufficient quantities to inhibit bacterial growth. however, it is not known whether f. novicida can have a similar antimicrobial effect in vivo. here we show that a co-infection of f. novicida with francisella tularensis can suppress the number of f. tularensis cells in rat spleens by as much as 100-fold. | 1997 | 9252574 |
| [analysis of the incidence and routes of transmission of tularemia in slovakia]. | the morbidity from tularaemia in slovakia has since the epidemic incidence in the sixties a declining trend. the mean annual morbidity rate declined from 5.5 per 10(5) population in 1960-1969 to 0.3 in 1980-1994 and is markedly influenced by the incidence of tularaemia in the well known epidemic area in western slovakia where in 1985 also the first cases of transmission of tularaemia by ticks were recorded in slovakia. during the last decade (1985-1994) in slovakia 126 cases were notified, out o ... | 1997 | 9264796 |
| direct sequencing of pcr-amplified 23s rdna. | | 1997 | 9266070 |
| [morphology, ultrastructure and populational features of bacteria francisella]. | the morphology, ultrastructure of cells and the structure of microbial populations of various bacteria of the francisella genus were estimated by electron microscopy. the strain 503 has been found to produce a bacterial population that is most homogeneous in shape and size. it contains microbes of only round and avoid forms, 0.5-0.6 micron in size. in addition of oval and round microbes there are ellipsoid and rod-shaped ones in the strains 15/3m, a. cole 120, 117, etc. the largest tularemia mic ... | 1997 | 9289274 |
| [tularemia vaccine strain is a potential vector]. | the immunological and genetic properties of francisella tularensis vaccine strain are discussion with regard to its use to produce recombinant vaccines. this bacterium-based vector is supposed to be an excellent object for investigating the role of protective antigens in the development of immunity against intracellular bacteria. | 1997 | 9289276 |
| [cervicofacial manifestations of tularemia. apropos of a familial case]. | tularemia is a rare infectious disease, due to francisella tularensis, a virulent bacterium transmitted by a carrier insect (essentially ticks) or by the meat of an infected animal (generally hares). we report 3 cases that occurred in the same family, showing the various symptoms of this disease. revealing head and neck manifestations may mislead diagnosis. | 1997 | 9295886 |
| [a comparative analysis of francisella protein antigens]. | comparative analysis of protein antigens of cells lysates and outer membranes of different francisella species (f. tularensis, f. novicida(-like), and f. philomigaria) by immunoblotting showed similarity and detected the individual features of each species as regards the protein antigen spectrum. protein antigen with molecular weight of 22.5 kd localized on the outer membrane and coded for by plasmid pfnl10 was discovered for f. novicida-like stain f6168. the significance of new data for charact ... | 1997 | 9297103 |
| [tonsillo-pharyngeal form of tularemia]. | clinical, laboratory and serologic features of tonsillopharyngeal form of tularemia in 14 patients were analyzed in the study. the disease was ignored under the diagnosis of typical tonsillopharyngitis followed by cervical lymphadenopathy. routine laboratory analyses results were non-specific and didn't reveal the disease etiology, while microagglutination test (mat) of f. tularensis in the second week of disease was positive in 86% of patients. skin tularin test was positive in all the tested p ... | 1997 | 9304282 |
| pneumonic tularemia in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. | we report the case of a 14-year-old boy with granulomatous pneumonia caused by francisella tularensis. in addition, an autosomal recessive form of chronic granulomatous disease was diagnosed. both f. tularensis and chronic granulomatous disease are associated with pulmonary granulomas. to our knowledge, this is the first report of f. tularensis infection in a patient with chronic granulomatous disease. the relationship between these two processes is discussed. | 1997 | 9314451 |
| endosymbionts of ticks and their relationship to wolbachia spp. and tick-borne pathogens of humans and animals. | the presence, internal distribution, and phylogenetic position of endosymbiotic bacteria from four species of specific-pathogen-free ticks were studied. these included the hard ticks ixodes scapularis (the black-legged tick), rhipicephalus sanguineus (the brown dog tick), and haemaphysalis longicornis and the african soft tick ornithodoros moubata. pcr assays for bacteria, using two sets of general primers for eubacterial 16s and 23s rrna genes (rdnas) and seven sets of specific primers for wolb ... | 1997 | 9327557 |
| characterization of an endosymbiont infecting wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni, as a member of the genus francisella. | a microorganism (dermacantor andersoni symbiont [das]) infecting rocky mountain wood ticks (d. andersoni) collected in the bitterroot mountains of western montana was characterized as an endosymbiont belonging to the genus francisella. previously described as wolbachia like, the organism's dna was amplified from both naturally infected tick ovarial tissues and vero cell cultures by pcr assay with primer sets derived from eubacterial 16s ribosomal dna (rdna) and francisella membrane protein genes ... | 1997 | 9327558 |
| humoral immune response of cottontail rabbits naturally infected with francisella tularensis in southern illinois. | cottontail rabbits (sylvilagus floridanus) usually are thought to succumb to infection with francisella tularensis. reports of a rabbit population from southern illinois (usa) with a high prevalence of f. tularensis antibodies suggested that some cottontails survived infection with this typically fatal bacterium. our goal was to examine the humoral response of cottontails from a study area in southern illinois for which multiple serum samples existed. multiple sera were collected from 79 cottont ... | 1997 | 9391956 |
| temperature-sensitive lesions in the francisella novicida vala gene cloned into an escherichia coli msba lpxk mutant affecting deoxycholate resistance and lipopolysaccharide assembly at the restrictive temperature. | the valab locus of francisella novicida has previously been found to be highly similar at the deduced amino acid level to msba lpxk of escherichia coli. both vala and msba are members of the superfamily of abc transporters, and they appear to have similar functions. in this study we describe the isolation of a temperature-sensitive valab locus. dna sequence analysis indicates that the only changes to the valab deduced amino acid sequence are changes of s453 to an f and t458 to an i in vala. e. c ... | 1997 | 9401020 |
| tularemia in two cats. | tularemia was diagnosed in 2 cats that were examined because of pyrexia and lethargy; both cats had a history of exposure to wild rabbits. one cat was vomiting, and the other was anorectic. physical examination revealed dehydration, lymphadenopathy, and hepatomegaly. hematologic and serum biochemical abnormalities included toxic neutrophils, high band neutrophil count, thrombocytopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia. diagnosis was confirmed by isolating francisella tularensis subsp tularensis from bone ... | 1998 | 9426784 |
| diagnostic exercise: illness, cutaneous hemorrhage, and death in two squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus). | | 1997 | 9433702 |
| mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae), in contrast to ticks (acari: ixodidae), do not carry francisella tularensis in a natural focus of tularemia in the czech republic. | in total, 9,167 mosquitoes (aedes spp.) and 1,987 ixodid ticks--1,423 dermacentor reticulatus (f.), 504 ixodes ricinus (l.), and 60 haemaphysalis concinna koch--were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain forest-meadow ecosystem) of tularemia in south moravia. czech republic. although no f. tularensis was detected in mosquitoes or h. concinna, 30 isolates were recovered from d. reticulatus (infection rate, 2.1%) and 1 isolate from i. ricinus (infection rate, 0.2%). ixodid ticks, especi ... | 1997 | 9439120 |
| prevalence of francisella tularensis in dermacentor reticulatus ticks collected in adjacent areas of the czech and austrian republics. | a total of 1098 host-seeking adult dermacentor reticulatus ticks were examined in an active enzootic focus (floodplain meadow and forest ecosystem) of tularemia along the lower reaches of the thaya (dyje) river in south moravia (czech republic) and adjacent austria during the spring of 1996. twenty-five isolates of francisella tularensis were recovered (i.e., the overall minimum infection rate was 2.3%). the prevalence rate varied between 0.6% and 3.5% among four localities examined (two in mora ... | 1997 | 9457420 |
| [the genetic typing of strains in the genus francisella using universal probes]. | the determination of the genetic relationship of bacteria of the genus francisella and their differentiation is one of the topical tasks of the epidemiology and infectology of f. tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, belonging to this genus. to solve this task, investigation was carried out with a view to the determine the possibility of the genomic typing of francisella. genomic typing was based on the use of the hybridization of fragments of francisella chromosomal dna, split by restri ... | 1997 | 9460874 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in clinical specimens by use of polymerase chain reaction. | | 1998 | 9524862 |
| [the phosphatase activity in representatives of the genus francisella]. | the comparative study of phosphatase activity in the representatives of the genus francisella--f. tularensis, f. novicida, f. novicida-like, f. philomiragia--revealed that all the bacteria under study synthesized acidic phosphatase. the study also revealed that strains of the central asian subspecies possessed the highest enzymatic activity, while holarctic strains either produced no phosphatase at all, or produced less active phosphatase. bacteria belonging to nonarctic f. tularensis subspecies ... | 1998 | 9532678 |
| expansion of vgamma9 vdelta2 t cells is triggered by francisella tularensis-derived phosphoantigens in tularemia but not after tularemia vaccination. | tularemia is a disease caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis. here we demonstrate that during the first weeks of infection, a significant increase in levels of vgamma9 vdelta2 cells occurred in peripheral blood: in 13 patients analyzed 7 to 18 days after the onset of disease, these lymphocytes represented, on average, 30.5% of cd3+ cells and nearly 100% of gammadelta+ t cells. by contrast, after vaccination with the live vaccine strain (lvs) of f. tularensis, o ... | 1998 | 9573096 |
| the efficacy of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline against experimental tularaemia. | the efficacy of doxycycline and ciprofloxacin against an experimental tularaemia infection was assessed by comparing the median lethal dose (mld) of francisella tularensis schu4 biotype a strain given intraperitoneally to antibiotic-treated and untreated mice. in untreated porton outbred mice this was <1 cfu. ciprofloxacin and doxycycline given at 40 mg/kg bd, initiated 48 h before infection and continued for 5 days after infection, afforded protection against intraperitoneal challenges of 3.7 x ... | 1998 | 9598777 |
| tularemic meningitis. | | 1998 | 9613668 |
| recurrent francisella philomiragia sepsis in chronic granulomatous disease. | | 1998 | 9613671 |
| nonspecific early protective immunity in francisella and listeria infections can be dependent on lymphocytes. | normal mice, but not lymphocyte-deficient or b-cell-deficient mice, given a sublethal infection of francisella tularensis lvs survive a secondary lethal challenge of more than 10,000 50% lethal doses given 3 days later. in this work, we show that similar early protection that is also strongly lymphocyte dependent operates in listeria monocytogenes infection. since sublethal infection with either lvs or l. monocytogenes protects against heterologous lethal challenge, this early protection is nons ... | 1998 | 9632626 |
| tularemia in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) diagnosed by 16s rrna sequencing. | we report a case of tularemia in a common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) diagnosed by determination of the isolate's 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence. pathological examination of the animal revealed a multifocal acute necrotizing hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, splenitis, and lymphangitis of the mandibular, retropharyngeal, and cervical and mesenteric lymph nodes. moreover, multiple foci of acute necrosis were found in the epithelium of the jejunum and the interstitium of the lung. bacte ... | 1998 | 9646473 |
| [characterization of the recombinant strain francisella tularensis r1a]. | for the first time f.tularensis recombinant strain r1a, obtained by the transfer of genes responsible for virulence in f.tularensis strain b 399 a-cole into recipient cells of the r-form, was studied. strain r1a was characterized by morphological, tinctorial and biochemical properties, similar to those of f.tularensis virulent strains, and became resistant to the bactericidal action of animal sera, as well as heat resistant (tr42). the results of animal experiments revealed that strain r1a prove ... | 1998 | 9700870 |
| mgla and mglb are required for the intramacrophage growth of francisella novicida. | francisella novicida is a facultative intracellular pathogen capable of growing in macrophages. a spontaneous mutant of f. novicida defective for growth in macrophages was isolated on lb media containing the chromogenic phosphatase substrate 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate (x-p) and designated gb2. using an in cis complementation strategy, four strains were isolated that are restored for growth in macrophages. a locus isolated from one of these strains complements gb2 for both the intracell ... | 1998 | 9701818 |
| isolation of francisella tularensis by centrifugation of shell vial cell culture from an inoculation eschar. | a 52-year-old man was admitted to the hospital following the development of an inoculation eschar and fever six days after being bitten by a tick. he was clinically diagnosed as suffering from rickettsiosis. eschar biopsy cultures on standard bacteriological media remained sterile. however, inoculation of cells with the homogenized specimen by the centrifugation-shell vial technique (m. marrero and d. raoult, am. j. trop. med. hyg. 40:197-199, 1989) resulted in the recovery of a bacterium. deter ... | 1998 | 9705439 |
| seroprevalence of selected disease agents from free-ranging black bears in florida. | sera obtained from 66 free-ranging florida black bears (ursus americanus floridanus) from three geographic areas of florida (usa) between november 1993 and august 1995 were tested for antibodies to 13 disease agents. antibody prevalences were 3 positive of 37 tested (8%) coxiella burnetti, 37 of 66 (56%) toxoplasma gondii, 3 of 61 (5%) bluetongue virus/epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (btv/ehdv), 4 of 66 (6%) canine adenovirus-type 1, 5 of 66 (8%) canine distemper virus (cdv), 10 of 62 (16%) ... | 1998 | 9706572 |
| [tularemia, "volume" two]. | as a continuation of libich's monograph (tularemie. prague, avicenum 1981) the author presents findings assembled in experiments pertaining to postinfectious immunity on a model of intracellular infection with the microorganism francisella tularensis. | 1998 | 9748768 |
| [characterization of structure and antigenic activity of lipopolysaccharides of genus francisella]. | wild-type representatives of francisella genus (f. tularensis, f. novicida, f. novicida-like, and f. philomiragia) produce s-type lipopolysaccharides (lps) possessing different antigenic activity and common antigenic determinants in the core oligosaccharide. electrophoretic analysis showed that f. philomiragia produced s-lps containing two major molecular components with minor fractions between them, whereas s-lps of f. tularensis, f. novicida, and f. novicida-like are characterized by the typic ... | 1998 | 9819824 |
| [database on nucleotide sequences used as primers of microorganisms]. | the data base (db) "primers of microorganisms" for the accumulation and systematization of information on oligonucleotide sequences, used as primers in polymerase chain reaction, has been created. this db includes data on primers for the laboratory diagnostics of 20 bacterial genera (aerococcus, aeromonas, bartonella, borrelia, burkholderia, chlamydia, clostridium, corynebacterium, escherichia, francisella, helicobacter, legionella, listeria, mycobacterium, mycoplasma, salmonella, shigella, stap ... | 1998 | 9825498 |
| identification of a 71-kilodalton surface-associated hsp70 homologue in coxiella burnetii. | a coxiella burnetii hsp70 homologue was identified by using an acid activation in vitro system in which protein synthesis has been followed by [35s]methionine labeling, autoradiography, and immunoblotting. the protein was one of those predominantly labeled, and the immunoblots revealed that it was recognized by anti-dnak antibodies. the corresponding gene was isolated, and its nucleotide sequence was determined and analyzed. a single open reading frame (orf) with a size of 1,968 bp was identifie ... | 1998 | 9826369 |
| serological survey of selected canine viral pathogens and zoonoses in grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska. | between 1988 and 1991, 644 serum samples were collected from 480 grizzly bears (ursus arctos horribilis) and 40 black bears (ursus americanus) from alaska, united states of america, and were tested for selected canine viral infections and zoonoses. antibody prevalence in grizzly bears was 0% for parvovirus, 8.3% (40/480) for distemper, 14% (68/480) for infectious hepatitis, 16.5% (79/480) for brucellosis, 19% (93/480) for tularaemia and 47% (225/478) for trichinellosis. in black bears, prevalenc ... | 1998 | 9850547 |
| first isolation of francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis in europe. | francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis is the common causal agent of tularemia in the usa and canada, while f. tularensis subsp. palaearctica (holarctica) occurs in europe, asia, and to a minor extent in north america. f. tularensis subsp. mediaasiatica was found only in central asia in a part of the former soviet union. of the total of 155 f. tularensis strains isolated over the years 1978-1996 during the surveillance of tularemia in slovakia, 65 were from small mammals, 68 from ticks and 22 ... | 1998 | 9928875 |
| [preliminary report of an epidemic tularemia outbreak in valladolid]. | we make here a preliminary report of the first 65 cases of tularemia diagnosed at our hospital pertaining to an epidemic outbreak occurred in the area served by the hospital. diagnosis was made by the presence of a consistent clinical picture and the following laboratory criteria: antibody titre to. francisella tularensis (tube agglutination) higher than or equal to 1/160, seroconversion or recovery of the microorganism from biological material. the mean age of our patients was 53.8 +/- 13.5 yea ... | 1998 | 9929997 |
| [tularemia: report of 16 cases in the castilla-leon community]. | to report the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of 16 patients with the diagnosis of tularemia. | 1998 | 9929998 |
| oculoglandular tularemia. | | 1999 | 9930180 |
| bacterial dna containing cpg motifs stimulates lymphocyte-dependent protection of mice against lethal infection with intracellular bacteria. | bacterial dna containing unmethylated cpg motifs activates mammalian lymphocytes and macrophages to produce cytokines and polyclonal ig. these include ifn-gamma, il-12, tnf-alpha, and il-6, which are important in the control of intracellular bacterial infection. here, we show that bacterial dna, as well as synthetic oligonucleotides containing cpg motifs, induce protection against large lethal doses of francisella tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs) and listeria monocytogenes. methylation of dn ... | 1999 | 9973506 |
| differentiation of microorganisms based on pyrolysis-ion trap mass spectrometry using chemical ionization. | the ability to differentiate microorganisms using pyrolysision trap mass spectrometry was demonstrated for five gram-negative disease-causing organisms: brucella melitensis, brucella suis, vibrio cholera, yersinia pestis, and francisella tularensis. bacterial profiles were generated for gamma-irradiated bacterial samples using pyrolytic methylation and compared for electron ionization and chemical ionization using several liquid reagents with increasing proton affinities. electron ionization com ... | 1999 | 9989380 |
| francisella tularensis in dermacentor reticulatus ticks from the czech republic and austria. | host-seeking adult dermacentor reticulatus ticks were examined for the prevalence of francisella tularensis in an active natural focus of tularemia along the lower reaches of the dyje (thaya) river in south moravia (czech republic) and adjacent lower austria, in four localities of the flood plain forest-meadow ecosystem during the spring of 1996. the ticks were pooled (10 male or female ticks per group) and inoculated subcutaneously in 4-week-old spf mice. dead mice were sectioned, the spleens w ... | 1998 | 10048175 |
| rapid local expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and gamma interferon after cutaneous francisella tularensis infection in tularemia-immune mice. | francisella tularensis lvs is an effective live vaccine strain used for cutaneous vaccination against tularemia in man. in mice, injection of lvs causes invasive disease and subsequent development of immunity that is characterized by effective control of otherwise lethal doses of the organism. in the present investigation, it is shown that lvs-immune mice controlled an intradermal infection much more effectively than did naive mice; bacterial counts in skin samples were 1.5 to 2.0 log10 lower 24 ... | 1999 | 10085019 |
| [francisella pneumonia]. | | 1999 | 10088423 |
| an erythromycin resistance cassette and mini-transposon for constructing transcriptional fusions to cat. | a new cassette (er-cm cassette) and mini-transposon (mtn) (tnmaxercm) based on the previously described mtn, tnmax2 [haas et al., gene 130, 23-31.], have been constructed. the cassette and mtn make use of an erythromycin resistance (err) marker encoded by ermc'. both the er-cm cassette and tnmaxercm also carry a promoterless cat gene to allow the construction of transcriptional fusions and the measurement of transcriptional activity by assaying for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. we show the ... | 1999 | 10095104 |
| tularemia: a case transmitted from a sheep. | tularemia is an arthropod-borne infectious disease caused by francisella tularensis, a gram-negative microorganism that normally resides in a wide range of wild and domestic animals. the disease is characterized by a sudden onset with high fever, headache, malaise, chills, myalgia, and arthralgia. a short time after exposure, an inflamed and ulcerated lesion rapidly appears at the site of entry. a regional lymphadenopathy follows the cutaneous presentation. cultures from the lesions or blood gen ... | 1999 | 10328679 |
| [the efficacy and outlook for the study of live vaccines for the prevention of melioidosis]. | the effect of immunization with burkholderia pseudomallei, (pur- and ts), heterologous vaccines and the recombinant culture of francisella tularensis rm2, carrying a plasmid with fragments of b. pseudomallei chromosome, was studied on four species of experimental animals, essentially differing by their sensitivity to melioidosis. b. pseudomallei mutants formed the statistically significant level of protection in subcutaneously challenged animals, moderately sensitive to melioidosis, but were not ... | 1999 | 10356737 |
| [49 year-old woman with cutaneous lesion, hypoxemia and pulmonary mass]. | | 1999 | 10396090 |
| the respiratory burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase acpa is not essential for the intramacrophage growth or virulence of francisella novicida. | acid phosphatases capable of inhibiting the respiratory burst of neutrophils have been identified in certain intracellular pathogens. here we evaluate the role of acpa, a respiratory burst-inhibiting acid phosphatase of francisella, in the virulence and intracellular growth of this organism. an f. novicida acpa null mutant was created and found to exhibit wild-type growth kinetics in both cell-line and inflammatory mouse macrophages. the acpa mutant also shows wild-type replication in the spleen ... | 1999 | 10418134 |
| [tularemia: considerations on a new case in the monte amiata]. | one sporadic case of tularemia induced by direct contact with an infected hare is described. human epidemiological data of the last ten years in tuscany, emphasize that this infection, although at low incidence, shows the presence and persistence of francisella tularensis in the animals and the ensuing transmission to humans so that it continues to be responsible for significant morbididy in "at risk" territories. difficulties in the differential diagnosis, above all for glandular and pharyngeal ... | 1999 | 10432958 |
| the effects of electron and chemical ionization modes on the ms profiling of whole bacteria. | free fatty acid profiling of whole bacteria [francisella tularensis, brucella melitensis, yersinia pestis, bacillus anthracis (vegetative and sporulated), and bacillus cereus] was carried out with direct probe mass spectrometry under 70-ev electron ionization (ei) and isobutane chemical ionization in both the positive (ci+) and negative modes (ci-). electron ionization produced spectra that contained molecular ions and fragment ions from various free fatty acids. spectra acquired with isobutane ... | 1999 | 10439512 |
| tularemia--an unusual cause of a solitary pulmonary nodule in the post-transplant setting. | we report a case of tularemia presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule following syngeneic pbsc transplant. seven months after undergoing a syngeneic pbsc transplant for aml, our patient presented with fever without localizing signs. chest x-ray revealed a solitary pulmonary nodule. culture of a ct guided needle aspiration revealed francisella tularensis. the patient was successfully treated with ciprofloxacin. his fever resolved and clearance of the nodule was documented on a ct scan 2 months ... | 1999 | 10455349 |
| [immunostimulating activity of vaccines in the treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections. i]. | the authors inform about the immunomodulatory properties of the vaccine urvakol aimed for the treatment of recidiving urinary infections. the results of immunostimulatory activity of the preparation and its effects on cellular and humoral immunity in mice following intraperitoneal administration of the vaccine are presented. the vaccine markedly increases cytotoxic activity of adhering peritoneal cells and has protective effects in model infection induced by intracellular pathogen francisella tu ... | 1999 | 10458054 |
| photo quiz. diagnosis: tularemia. | | 1999 | 10476724 |
| do homeopathic nosodes protect against infection? an experimental test. | for centuries, homeopathic practitioners have claimed that serially agitated dilutions of infectious agents (called "nosodes") are effective in the prevention of infectious disease. however, no rigorous tests of this claim have been performed. | 1999 | 10484829 |
| [liposomal immunoassay as a method for detecting microorganism antigens and their antibodies]. | the paper presents experimental data on the use of the liposomal immunoassay (lia) with a fluorescence marker to detect lipopolysaccharide antigens (lps-ag) of the causative agents of infectious diseases (s. typhimurium, s. typhi, f. tularensis) and antibodies to them in the model systems and human serum. the sensitivity of determination of specific antibodies to lps-ag is shown to be 15-160 times as high as that of rpga and the sensitivity of determination of lps-ag is comparable to that of sol ... | 1999 | 10487122 |
| [aerosol vaccination against dangerous infectious diseases]. | the paper summarizes the results of development of the aerosol method, one of the mass ways of human vaccination. analysis of materials suggests that russia has designed highly effective live plague, tularemia, and anthrax vaccines that can be used to immunize in different ways: by epicutaneous and subcutaneous, and inhalation routes. the advantages and disadvantages of aerosol vaccination are shown. the correct use of this method provides a substantial effect when the epidemic situation is comp ... | 1999 | 10487124 |
| repeated administration of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides expressing cpg motifs provides long-term protection against bacterial infection. | synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (odn) expressing unmethylated cpg motifs stimulate an innate immune response characterized by the production of polyreactive immunoglobulin m antibodies and immunomodulatory cytokines. this immune response has been shown to protect mice from challenge by listeria monocytogenes and francisella tularensis for up to 2 weeks. by repeatedly administering cpg odn two to four times/month, we found that this protection could be maintained indefinitely. protection was asso ... | 1999 | 10531213 |
| importance of b cells, but not specific antibodies, in primary and secondary protective immunity to the intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis live vaccine strain. | although there appears to be little if any role for specific antibodies in protection against intracellular bacteria, such as the model pathogen f. tularensis live vaccine strain (lvs), the role of b cells themselves in primary and secondary infection with such bacteria has not been examined directly. we show here that mice deficient in mature b cells and antibodies (b-cell knockout mice) are marginally compromised in controlling primary sublethal infection but are 100-fold less well protected a ... | 1999 | 10531260 |
| chronic prosthetic device infection with francisella tularensis. | | 1999 | 10585830 |
| treatment of tularemia with fluoroquinolones: two cases and review. | streptomycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline are currently considered the antimicrobials of choice for the treatment of tularemia. preliminary data suggest that quinolones may be effective alternative agents; however, clinical experience is limited, and their role in treating severe disease is uncertain. we recently treated two acutely ill immunocompromised patients who had presumed "atypical" pneumonia with levofloxacin. both patients had an excellent clinical response and were diagnosed with tul ... | 1999 | 10589911 |
| [conjunctivitis and febrile lymphadenitis as a sign of francisella tularensis]. | | 1996 | 10592644 |
| [meningitis caused by francisella tularensis]. | | 1996 | 10596102 |
| isolation and characterization of francisella novicida mutants defective in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. | in order to identify genes involved in lps biosynthesis we isolated random mutants generated by transposon insertion in francisella novicida. the resulting mutant bank yielded mutants with three distinct lps phenotypes, and three representative mutants were chosen for further study. one mutant that had short o-antigen chains was sensitive to serum; this mutant and one other were more sensitive to killing by deoxycholate than control strains. the third mutant was resistant to deoxycholate killing ... | 2000 | 10612732 |
| [francisella tularensis: update on microbiological diagnosis after an epidemic outbreak]. | francisella tularensis is a facultative intracellular gramnegative aerobic coccobacilli which is difficult to isolate. the appearance of an epidemic outbreak of tularemia in castilla y leon (spain) during the first months of 1998 led bur microbiology laboratory to develop the diagnostic methods of this disease which, up to then, were unknown by the authors. | 1999 | 10614080 |
| comparative analysis of pcr versus culture for diagnosis of ulceroglandular tularemia. | pcr and culture were comparatively evaluated for their abilities to demonstrate francisella tularensis in wound specimens from tularemia patients during an outbreak in sweden in 1998. for transport of the specimens used for pcr, a buffer solution containing a nuclease inhibitor was used, and for transport of the specimens used for culture, a commercial transport system was selected after experimental comparison of various systems. of 40 patients with culture- and/or serology-verified ulcerogland ... | 2000 | 10618057 |
| detection of francisella tularensis in biological specimens using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunochromatographic handheld assay, and a pcr. | the early detection of francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is important for adequate treatment by antibiotics and the outcome of the disease. here we describe a new capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) based on monoclonal antibodies specific for lipopolysaccharide (lps) of francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica and francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis. no cross-reactivity with francisella tularensis subsp. novicida, francisella philomiragia, and a panel ... | 2000 | 10618283 |
| detection of selected fastidious bacteria. | the intent of this article is to describe the optimal methods for culture recovery of 7 fastidious bacteria: legionella species, brucella species, francisella tularensis, leptospira species, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella species, and bordetella species. these organisms share much in common beyond the fact that their genus names all end in the letter "a." culture recovery of these organisms, even from adequate clinical specimens, is logistically demanding, often costly, and lacking in both tim ... | 2000 | 10619747 |
| tularemia presenting with ataxia. | | 2000 | 10619760 |
| [the effect of tularemia live vaccine on contrasuppression of lymphocytes in patients with cancer of the corpus uteri during combined therapy and long term]. | a significant decrease in the percentage of women showing contrasuppression of blood lymphocytes, as compared with control, was identified (p < 0.1); it was particularly low at terminal stages (iii-iv). surgery and subsequent radiotherapy were followed by further inhibition, particularly in terminally-ill patients. two or three years after treatment, the numbers of patients in all stage groups showing contrasuppression increased, reaching the initial, i.e. lower than normal, levels. however, con ... | 1999 | 10629711 |
| production of stress-inducible form of heat-shock protein 70 in mouse peritoneal adherent cells after in vivo infection by francisella tularensis. | heat-shock proteins (hsp) are ubiquitously produced molecules which participate in the protection of cells from environmental perturbation. moreover, the members of the heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) and 70 (hsp70) families play an important role in pathogen-host interactions. we studied in vivo production of the 70-kda heat-shock proteins in the extract of peritoneal exudate cells (pec) from mice injected intraperitoneally with an attenuated vaccine strain (lvs) of francisella tularensis. we fou ... | 1999 | 10664887 |
| francisella tularensis endocarditis. | | 2000 | 10671352 |
| influence of the bcg locus on natural resistance to primary infection with the facultative intracellular bacterium francisella tularensis in mice. | the implication of the bcg locus in the control of natural resistance to infection with a live vaccine strain (lvs) of the intracellular pathogen francisella tularensis was studied. analysis of phenotypic expression of natural resistance and susceptibility was performed using mouse strains congenic at the bcg locus. comparison of the kinetics of bacterial colonization of spleen showed that b10.a.bcg(r) mice were extremely susceptible during early phases of primary sublethal infection, while thei ... | 2000 | 10678963 |
| comparison of different pcr approaches for typing of francisella tularensis strains. | in this study, we evaluated three pcr methods for epidemiological typing of francisella tularensis: repetitive extragenic palindromic element pcr (rep-pcr), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr), and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay with both m13 and t3-t7 primers. the analysis was performed with 40 strains of f. tularensis isolated from hares, humans, ticks, and a vole. on the basis of the combination of rep, eric, and rapd fingerprints, f. tularen ... | 2000 | 10698989 |
| [monitoring of life-threatening infection pathogens in relation to the problem of prediction of critical situations]. | the epidemic situation in the context of many infectious diseases caused by bacteria is presently assessed as being poor in russia and other countries. the spectrum of the pathogens that can deteriorate epidemic well-being is highly wide. the epidemic situation in terms of many infectious diseases, including those caused by such causative agents as bacillus anthracis, vibrio cholerae, yersinia pestis, francisella tularensis and others may deteriorate due to the emergence of their modified forms ... | 1999 | 10709458 |
| [pcse4 plasmid for cloning of promoter-containing dna fragments in francisella tularensis]. | recombinant pcse4 plasmid has been constructed, which contains the cat gene of the tn9 without its own promoter and with the restriction bamh1 site in front of the shine-delgarno region of this gene. pcse4 is consistently inherited in the cells of f. tularensis and e. coli and makes the cells of both microorganisms to be resistant to tetracycline. by cloning the sau3a fragments of f. tularensis chromosomal dna at the bamh1 site of pcse4. promoter-containing dna fragments were selected. the plasm ... | 1999 | 10709464 |
| [physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of chlorine-containing compositions ciaref and dp-1]. | the paper presents the results of the physicochemical properties and corrosive activity of the new chlorine-containing compositions ciaref and dp-1. various microbiological, biochemical, and biophysical studies were conducted to examine different aspects of the mechanism of action of ciaref and dp-1 on vegetative (francisella tularensis) and sporal (bacillus turingiensis) microorganisms. suspension, test-surface irrigation, and aerosol techniques were employed under close industrial conditions t ... | 1999 | 10709466 |