| quantitative systemic and local evaluation of the antiviral effect of ganciclovir and foscarnet induction treatment on human cytomegalovirus gastrointestinal disease of patients with aids. italian foscarnet gid study group. | in a group of 29 aids patients with biopsy-proven human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gastrointestinal disease (gid), hcmv gid was shown to correlate mostly with systemic hcmv infection. the antiviral induction treatment (it) with either ganciclovir (gcv) or foscarnet (pfa) caused a significant reduction in the level of hcmv antigenemia, viremia and leukodnaemia, and a complete virus clearance or a sharp drop of viral load in the blood of 13/13 patients and in the gastrointestinal (gi) mucosa of 12/13 ... | 1997 | 9107384 |
| genetic analysis of a clinical isolate of human cytomegalovirus exhibiting resistance against both ganciclovir and cidofovir. | both ganciclovir-sensitive and -resistant human cytomegaloviruses (hcmv) were isolated from a patient with aplastic anemia complicated with cmv retinitis and encephalitis. ganciclovir-resistant clinical isolate, 93-1r, also showed cross-resistance against (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine (cidofovir). molecular analysis of plaque-cloned strains revealed that a single nucleotide substitution at 2160 (c to t) resulted in amino acid substitution at codon 501 from leucine to pheny ... | 1997 | 9125039 |
| measurement of specific protease activity utilizing fluorescence polarization. | a fluorescence polarization assay was designed to measure proteolytic cleavage of a specific peptide substrate for human cytomegalovirus protease. the peptide substrate was derivatized by biotinylation of a gamma-aminobutyric acid-modified amino-terminus and labeled with 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazinyl)aminofluorescein at the carboxy-terminus. incubation of this substrate with recombinant human cytomegalovirus protease and subsequent addition of egg white avidin produced a polarization signal that was ... | 1997 | 9126375 |
| recombinant cytomegaloviruses for study of replication and pathogenesis. | systematic mutagenesis of large viral genomes such as those of the cytomegaloviruses requires strategies for identifying relevant functions as well as for detailed analysis of particular genes. a number of genetic markers that have been developed in other biological systems have been useful for insertion mutagenesis in these viruses. thus far, 57 of the over 227 genes carried by wild-type human cytomegalovirus have been found to be dispensable for growth in cultured cells. because of the limitat ... | 1996 | 9130042 |
| regulation of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression. | the positive and negative cis-acting elements that affect transcription from the human cytomegalovirus major immediate-early (mie) promoter and the viral and cellular proteins that bind to these elements are discussed. the data obtained using in vitro transcription and transient transfection assays are reviewed and compared to recent data using recombinant viruses with cis-acting elements deleted. the effects of cell type and cellular differentiation on activation of transcription from the mie p ... | 1996 | 9130043 |
| functional roles of immediate early proteins encoded by the human cytomegalovirus ul36-38, ul115-119, trs1/irs1 and us3 loci. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) encodes multiple regulatory proteins at immediate early (ie) times of infection. ancillary ie proteins are encoded by the ul36-38, ul115-119, trs1/irs1 and us3 loci. in contrast to the major ie nuclear proteins, several of the ancillary ie proteins are type i integral membrane n-glycoproteins. nonetheless, all of the ancillary proteins examined to date have the ability to regulate nuclear gene expression and to interact cooperatively. significantly, products from the ... | 1996 | 9130045 |
| activation and regulation of human cytomegalovirus early genes. | the multiple pathogenic effects of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) result from a complex interplay of viral gene products and induced and repressed cellular functions. hcmv immediate early and early gene expression clearly play a pivotal role in this scheme. i describe here work directed at elucidating the sequence requirements and trans-acting factors necessary for the activation and regulation of hcmv early genes. the focus is on three transcription units which are all activated at early times, b ... | 1996 | 9130046 |
| human cytomegalovirus glycoproteins. | the complex biology of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) necessarily begins with an initial interaction between the envelope of the infectious virion and the host cell. understanding the initial events of infection will require a further analysis of the glycoprotein components of the virion envelope as well as their expression in the membranes of the infected cell. this experimental goal has been hindered by the large genome of hcmv, which may encode over 65 unique glycoproteins. protein homologs of ... | 1996 | 9130049 |
| three t-cell epitopes within the c-terminal 265 amino acids of the matrix protein pp65 of human cytomegalovirus recognized by human lymphocytes. | although a t-cell response in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-immune individuals exists against the most abundantly expressed protein pp65 of the virus matrix, less is known about the determinants that evoke this response. the aim of the study was to identify regions within hcmv pp65 (ppul83) that contain sequences for the cellular immune response by the use of three recombinant overlapping beta-galactosidase pp65 fusion proteins (c74, c35, and c47), covering the c-terminal 265 amino acids of the e ... | 1997 | 9131460 |
| use of polymerase chain reaction to provide prognostic information on human cytomegalovirus disease after liver transplantation. | sixty-four consecutive liver transplant patients receiving 76 organs have been monitored for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in blood and urine posttransplantation using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay that amplifies a 149 base pair fragment of the glycoprotein b gene. six hundred and twenty-six blood and 310 urine samples were analysed during surveillance. thirty-two patients had cmv infection (50%), 12 of whim progressed to hcmv disease. detection of hcmv in either blood or urine was sign ... | 1997 | 9139077 |
| the human cytomegalovirus ul97 protein is phosphorylated and a component of virions. | the expression of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul97 open reading frame in infected or transfected cells in the presence of the antiherpes compound ganciclovir (gcv) results in the intracellular phosphorylation of gcv. there are conventional kinase domains within the ul97-encoded protein (pul97). however, the role of pul97 in the hcmv replication cycle, and the mechanism by which it causes phosphorylation of gcv, are currently unknown. herein, the biosynthesis and biogenesis of pul97 was stud ... | 1997 | 9143304 |
| cytomegalovirus immediate early genes upregulate interleukin-6 gene expression. | the immediate early genes (ie) of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) can be expressed in monocytic cells and are known to regulate viral and cellular genes. interleukin-6 (il-6) plays a central role in numerous inflammatory and immune processes. interleukin-6 levels are increased in lung transplant patients clinically diagnosed with cmv pneumonitis. the regulation of il-6 is dependent on various stimuli that include lipopolysaccharide (lps), viruses, and other cytokines. these studies examined the abil ... | 1997 | 9154298 |
| differential effects of hsv-1 and hcmv infection on adhesion molecule expression on human corneal keratocytes. | previous studies have shown that keratoplasty buttons obtained at surgery from patients with herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1) keratitis have elevated localized expression of the adhesion molecule icam-1, which plays a critical role in the initiation and amplification of an immune response. we performed studies to determine whether changes in expression of icam-1 and hla class i are direct effects of productive infection of human corneal fibroblasts with hsv-1. | 1997 | 9154389 |
| alteration in the expression of endothelial cell integrin receptors alpha 5 beta 1 and alpha 2 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 1 after in vitro infection with a clinical isolate of human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells reduces the ability of these cells to bind to fibronectin, collagen type iv and laminin. this suppression requires active virus, since uv-inactivated virus did not alter the binding ability of these cells to adhere to fibronectin, collagen type iv, and laminin. in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of this altered interaction, the surface expression of alpha 5 beta 1, alpha 2 beta 1, alpha 3 beta 1, and alpha ... | 1997 | 9155877 |
| human cytomegalovirus does not induce human leukocyte antigen class ii expression on arterial endothelial cells. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) has been associated with allograft rejection and, in particular, with transplant-associated arteriosclerosis. however, the role cmv plays in the development of transplant-associated arteriosclerosis remains unclear. cmv can infect the endothelium, the interface between allograft tissue and the host immune cells, but the direct induction of endothelial human leukocyte antigen (hla) class ii by cmv remains controversial. our previous studies with venous endothelial cell ... | 1997 | 9158037 |
| human t-cell lymphotropic virus tax and epstein-barr virus dna in peripheral blood of multiple sclerosis patients during acute attack. | a study was performed to determine whether persistent or latent viruses are reactivated during the acute attack in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (ms). | 1997 | 9174643 |
| evaluation of retinal toxicity and efficacy of anti-cytomegalovirus and anti-herpes simplex virus antiviral phosphorothioate oligonucleotides isis 2922 and isis 4015. | retinal toxicity of isis 2922 and isis 4015, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides complementary to human cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus (hsv) rna, were evaluated. the intravitreal concentration of isis 2922 found not to cause permanent toxic changes in the rabbit retina was 10 microm and in the pig retina, 5 microm. the 3 microm concentration was associated with a transient inflammatory response, and 1 microm caused no retinal toxicity or inflammation. isis 4015 showed very mild tox ... | 1997 | 9180168 |
| the human cytomegalovirus ul55 (gb) and ul75 (gh) glycoprotein ligands initiate the rapid activation of sp1 and nf-kappab during infection. | the cellular transcription factors sp1 and nf-kappab were upregulated shortly after the binding of purified live or uv-inactivated human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) to the cell surface. the rapid time frame of transcription factor induction is similar to that seen in other systems in which cellular factors are induced following receptor-ligand engagement. this similarity suggested that a cellular receptor-viral ligand interaction might be involved in sp1 and nf-kappab activation during the earliest s ... | 1997 | 9188570 |
| probing for cerebrospinal fluid antibody specificities by a panel of random peptide libraries. | in a state of health the central nervous system is nearly devoid of macrophages, t and b cells. however, such cells are required to initiate the inflammation associated with multiple sclerosis (ms). an important issue in understanding the pathogenesis of such conditions is to fully define the t and b cell specificities. using random peptide libraries, we have analysed the cerebrospinal fluid antibody specificities within one oligoclonal "band" from a patient with ms. the selected peptides from a ... | 1997 | 9189009 |
| transgene expression of plasmid dnas directed by viral or neural promoters in the rat brain. | the use of circular plasmid dna may be an alternative method for the transfer of genes into the brain and is presumably easier to use than other vectors, such as viruses or genetically engineered cells. the effectiveness and time course of the expression of a reporter gene (lacz), directed by appropriate promoters, was studied after stereotaxic injection of naked plasmid dnas into the rat thalamus, cortex or cerebellum. the efficiencies of three different promoters, the human cytomegalovirus (hc ... | 1997 | 9191082 |
| human cytomegalovirus immediate early interaction with host nuclear structures: definition of an immediate transcript environment. | the development of an induced transcript environment was investigated at the supramolecular level through comparative localization of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early (ie) transcripts and specific nuclear domains shortly after infection. compact aggregates of ie transcripts form only adjacent to nuclear domain 10 (nd10), and the viral protein ie86 accumulates exclusively juxtaposed to the subpopulation of nd10 with transcripts. the stream of transcripts is funneled from nd10 into the sp ... | 1997 | 9214377 |
| human cytomegalovirus induces il-6 and tnf alpha from macrophages and microglial cells: possible role in neurotoxicity. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) can frequently infect the central nervous system (cns) in the setting of immunosuppression such as transplantation and infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). our laboratory previously reported that hcmv infection of human brain aggregates preferentially infected a microglial/macrophage (m/m) and caused a neuropathology that differed between strains and could occur in the absence of antigen expression. we extended these studies by infecting a human bra ... | 1995 | 9222360 |
| comparison of the human versus murine cytomegalovirus immediate early gene promoters for transgene expression by adenoviral vectors. | we have developed a number of replication defective adenoviral (ad) vectors which express transgenes under the control of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) immediate early (ie) gene promoter. the orientation of the expression cassette replacing e1 in the vector backbone had a significant effect on the level of transgene expression, with vectors containing expression cassettes directed towards the right end of the ad genome expressing 7-fold higher levels of beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) than thos ... | 1997 | 9225042 |
| use of recombinant human antibody fragments for detection of cytomegalovirus antigenemia. | the determination and quantitation of peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls) expressing human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antigens is widely employed in clinical virology for rapid diagnosis of hcmv-related infections. we describe how cmv antigenemia may be accurately detected by means of human recombinant monoclonal fab fragments rescued from a combinatorial phage display library prepared from an hcmv-infected donor. fourteen recombinant fabs were tested against hcmv-positive pbls from a patient with on ... | 1997 | 9230379 |
| clinical significance of qualitative human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) detection in cell-free serum samples in hiv-infected patients at risk for hcmv disease. | | 1997 | 9233475 |
| treatment of ganciclovir-resistant human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the most frequent cause of infectious complications after whole organ transplantation. ganciclovir is a nucleoside analogue of guanosine, and the first antiviral drug to be effective in the treatment of cytomegalovirus disease in humans. however, prolonged or repeated courses of ganciclovir predispose to the development of viral drug resistance. the isolation of a ganciclovir-resistant virus strain was first reported in 1989. mutations in ul97 and dna polymerase g ... | 1997 | 9238622 |
| focus luminescence assay: macroscopically visualized foci of human cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus infection. | the plaques or foci of certain viruses due to their small size have to be counted microscopically, e.g., human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). the focus luminescence assay (fla) described below generates macroscopic images as a result of the magnification due to scattered emitted light, and provides a hard copy using autoradiography or video imaging. foci are detected according to an immunohistochemical protocol with horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase antibody conjugates which convert substr ... | 1997 | 9255742 |
| preclinical testing of recombinant adenoviral herpes simplex virus-thymidine kinase gene therapy for central nervous system malignancies. | adenoviral gene transfer and killing efficiency using the thymidine kinase (tk)/ganciclovir (gcv) mechanism was evaluated in human cancer cells occurring as central nervous system tumors. the effectiveness of this approach was tested in vitro and in experimental models for brain tumor and leptomeningeal metastases in rats in vivo. recombinant adenoviruses with different promoters were compared. | 1997 | 9257313 |
| modulation of rantes production by human cytomegalovirus infection of fibroblasts. | chemokines play a major role in inflammatory responses and affect hematopoiesis both negatively and positively. we show that fresh isolates and laboratory strains (towne and ad-169) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) induce production of the cc chemokine rantes in fibroblasts. induction of extracellular rantes production occurred as early as 8 h after infection, peaked around 24 h after infection, and was almost undetectable by 48 and 72 h. upregulation occurred in the absence of viral dna synthesi ... | 1997 | 9261368 |
| binding of sp1 to the immediate-early protein-responsive element of the human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase promoter. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a member of the herpesvirus family of dna viruses, encodes two major immediate-early (ie) transcription factors, ie72 and ie86, that are important for regulated expression of the viral genome. the purpose of this study was to identify the host cellular components required for regulation of the hcmv dna polymerase promoter (ul54) by hcmv ie proteins. extensive mutagenesis defined a dna element located between -54 and -43 relative to the transcription start site that ... | 1997 | 9261391 |
| an in vivo model of human cytomegalovirus retinal infection. | to develop an animal model system in which human retina implanted in the anterior chamber of the eyes of rats would support human cytomegalovirus replication. cytomegalovirus retinitis currently represents the most common cause of posterior uveitis in many urban areas in north america. despite the tremendous interest in cytomegalovirus retinitis as a result of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) epidemic, human cytomegalovirus infection has been difficult to model in vivo because of it ... | 1997 | 9262541 |
| identification of the gene coding for rhesus cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b and immunological analysis of the protein. | the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding glycoprotein b (gb) of rhesus cytomegalovirus (rhcmv) was determined and the protein characterized. the open reading frame of gb encoded a protein of 854 amino acids with 60% identity and 75% similarity at the amino acid level to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) gb. cysteine residues in the extraluminal part of the protein are perfectly conserved. out of the 16 potential n-linked glycosylation sites present in hcmv gb, 15 are conserved in rhcmv gb. immuno ... | 1997 | 9267000 |
| identification of envelope glycoproteins h and b homologues of human herpesvirus 7. | the genes encoding the envelope glycoprotein h (gh) and gb homologues were identified by sequencing genomic clones of human herpesvirus-7 (hhv-7), strain ji. a gb cdna clone from hhv-7 strain al was also identified. the deduced primary translation products of the gh and gb genes are a protein of 690 amino acids, with a predicted mass of 80.4 kd, and a protein of 822 amino acids, with a predicted mass of 93.3 kd, respectively. both the predicted proteins have the characteristics of transmembrane ... | 1997 | 9268767 |
| pharmacokinetics of a potential human cytomegalovirus therapeutic, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide, after intravitreal injection in the rabbit. | the disposition of isis 2922, a phosphorothioate oligonucleotide for treatment of cytomegalovirus associated retinitis, was evaluated in rabbits. vitreous humor and retina samples were collected from rabbits that received a single intravitreal injection of 66 microg [14c]-labeled isis 2922 and were analyzed using anion exchange hplc. four hr postdosing, the concentration of isis 2922 in vitreous humor was 3.3 microm. the elimination of isis 2922 from the vitreous humor exhibited first-order kine ... | 1997 | 9280399 |
| a macrophage-like cell model for testing anti-cmv drugs. | monocyte/macrophage cells can be infected with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and could be a reservoir and a vehicle for virus spread in infected patients. the monocytic-like cell line thp-1 differentiated along the monocyte pathway with a phorbol ester (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, pma) for 24h was infected with cell free-supernatant of towne cmv-strain infected fibroblasts mrc-5. we designed experiments to study the replication of hcmv in pma treated thp-1 cells, exposed to dhpg (cymevan, ga ... | 1997 | 9296091 |
| value of a ligase chain reaction assay for detection of ganciclovir resistance-related mutation 594 in ul97 gene of human cytomegalovirus. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) isolates resistant to ganciclovir were found in patients undergoing therapy. therefore, we have developed a new specific and sensitive method--a ligase chain reaction (lcr) assay--for detection of frequently encountered 594 mutated codon in ganciclovir (gcv) resistant virus. previous studies characterized an alanine to valine change on codon 594 in resistant strains. a novel substitution in 594, alanine to glycine, is described which is also capable of conferring gan ... | 1997 | 9300382 |
| taf-like functions of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early proteins. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate-early (ie) proteins iep86 (ie2(579aa)) and iep72 (ie1(491aa)) can transcriptionally activate a variety of simple promoters containing a tata element and one upstream transcription factor binding site. in our previous studies, transcriptional activation was shown to correlate with iep86 binding to both the tata-box binding protein (tbp) and the transcription factor bound upstream. iep72 often synergistically affects the activation by iep86, althoug ... | 1997 | 9311796 |
| differential effects of cytomegalovirus infection on complement synthesis by human mesangial cells. | viruses may be eliminated by the host immune system via complement-mediated lysis of infected cells. previously, we have demonstrated that the synthesis of complement factor b by renal mesangial cells (mc) is enhanced by interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha), -beta and -gamma. in the present study we investigate the effect of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection on the production of complement factors by mc. the production of factor b, c2, c4 and factor h by mock-infected mc was 0.2 +/- 0.4, 3.9 +/- 6. ... | 1997 | 9328131 |
| hierarchical affinity maturation of a phage library derived antibody for the selective removal of cytomegalovirus from plasma. | recombinant antibody fragments can be produced in large quantities using bacterial expression systems and could potentially be useful for the generation of biofilters for the selective removal of viral particles from fluids. a human single chain-fv antibody library, derived from synthetic repertoires of germ line vh-gene segments rearranged in vitro and paired to a single light chain (nissim et al., 1994, embo j., 13, 692-698), has recently been used to isolate hundreds of different binding spec ... | 1997 | 9328580 |
| altered expression of the tumor suppressor/oncoprotein p53 in sv40 tag-transformed human placental trophoblast and malignant trophoblast cell lines. | the expression of the tumor suppressor/oncoprotein p53 has been investigated in normal human placental villous trophoblast, in vitro propagated invasive extravillous trophoblast, sv40 tumor antigen (tag)-immortalized extravillous trophoblast, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-infected syncytiotrophoblast and malignant trophoblast (choriocarcinoma) cell lines (jar, jeg-3 and bewo) using quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western immunoblot methods using monoclonal antibodies sp ... | 1996 | 9363207 |
| the human cytomegalovirus ul98 gene encodes the conserved herpesvirus alkaline nuclease. | the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul98 gene is predicted to encode a homologue of the conserved herpesvirus alkaline nuclease. to determine if the hcmv ul98 gene product is functionally homologous to other herpesvirus alkaline nucleases, the hcmv ul98 protein was purified and its activity characterized in vitro. extracts of hcmv-infected cells were fractionated using q sepharose, phosphocellulose and native dna cellulose chromatography. ul98 immunoreactivity copurified with alkaline ph-dependent ... | 1997 | 9367383 |
| expression of the catalytic subunit (ul54) and the accessory protein (ul44) of human cytomegalovirus dna polymerase in a coupled in vitro transcription/translation system. | the catalytic subunit (ul54) and accessory protein (ul44) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna polymerase have been cloned and expressed in an in vitro-coupled transcription/translation reticulocyte lysate system. the influence of the 5'-untranslated region (5'-utr) on the efficiency of expression from the circular plasmids has been investigated. for expression of both ul54 and ul44, a truncated form of the alfalfa mosaic virus (amv) rna4 5'-utr was found to be superior to the full-length amv 5'- ... | 1997 | 9367818 |
| interrelationships among quantity of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) dna in blood, donor-recipient serostatus, and administration of methylprednisolone as risk factors for hcmv disease following liver transplantation. | longitudinal analysis of 162 liver transplant recipients identified 51 patients who were viremic. virus load was determined in 47 of these patients using quantitative-competitive polymerase chain reaction. peak virus load was significantly higher in 20 symptomatic patients than 27 asymptomatic patients (p < .0001). elevated virus load, donor seropositivity, and total methylprednisolone dosage were risk factors for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) disease (odds ratio [or], 2.22/0.25 log10 increase in ... | 1997 | 9395358 |
| efficacy of replication-defective adenovirus-vectored vaccines: protection following intramuscular injection is linked to promoter efficiency in muscle representative cells. | to investigate the respective role of transduced cells in the induction of immune response following intramuscular inoculation of adenovirus-based vaccines, we generated several replication-defective adenoviruses expressing the glycoprotein d gene of pseudorabies virus under the control of four different promoters: major late promoter of adenovirus type 2, human cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter/enhancer (cmv), rous sarcoma virus-long terminal repeat promoter, and human desmin gene 5' reg ... | 1997 | 9400605 |
| immune response to neutralizing epitope on human cytomegalovirus gylcoprotein b in japanese: correlation of serologic response with hla-type. | antigenic domain 1 (ad-1), located between amino acids 608 and 625 of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) gb protein, is the major domain recognized by neutralizing antibodies. amino acids 552 to 630 are essential for the binding of neutralizing antibodies. we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to detect antibodies against a fusion protein containing amino acid residues 549 to 644 of the gb polypeptide and maltose binding protein (mbp). of 180 seropositive samples, 106 (58.9%) showed ... | 1997 | 9403513 |
| characterization of a murine cytomegalovirus class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) homolog: comparison to mhc molecules and to the human cytomegalovirus mhc homolog. | both human and murine cytomegaloviruses (hcmv and mcmv) down-regulate expression of conventional class i major histocompatibility complex (mhc) molecules at the surfaces of infected cells. this allows the infected cells to evade recognition by cytotoxic t cells but leaves them susceptible to natural killer cells, which lyse cells that lack class i molecules. both hcmv and mcmv encode class i mhc heavy-chain homologs that may function in immune response evasion. we previously showed that a solubl ... | 1998 | 9420246 |
| formation of cytomegalovirus dna replication compartments defined by localization of viral proteins and dna synthesis. | to characterize the formation of replication compartments in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells, and to determine the fate of newly synthesized dna, we localized viral replication proteins and dna synthesis at early and late times during infection. as expected, ppul57 (single-stranded dna binding protein) and ppul44 (dna polymerase processivity factor) both localized to replication compartments beginning at 48 hpi. brdu was incorporated into viral dna in these compartments that was found to ma ... | 1997 | 9426445 |
| reassessing the organization of the ul42-ul43 region of the human cytomegalovirus strain ad169 genome. | a polymorphism in the ul42-ul43 region of the human cytomegalovirus genome has been characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis, revealing a 929-bp insertion following nt 54,612 relative to the published strain ad169-uk genome sequence (m.s. chee et al., 1990, curr. top. microbiol immunol. 154, 125-170). although ad169-uk exhibited polymorphism in this genomic region, other cmv strains (towne, toledo, and ad169-atcc) carried only the newly characterized longer form. the additional sequence alt ... | 1997 | 9426456 |
| expression, purification, and characterization of a soluble form of human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b. | the human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b gene (gb; gpul55) was truncated at amino acid 692 and recombined into autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (baculovirus). infection of insect cells with the recombinant baculovirus resulted in high-level expression and secretion of the truncated gb protein (gb-s) into the culture medium. purification of gb-s by monoclonal antibody affinity chromatography yielded a protein of ca. 200 kda. characterization of the 200-kda purification product in ... | 1997 | 9426459 |
| gene expression by atypical recombinant ovine adenovirus vectors during abortive infection of human and animal cells in vitro. | an bovine adenovirus, which is phylogenetically distinct from the mastadeno- and aviadenoviruses, was used to construct recombinants in which reporter genes were expressed from the oav major late, or human cytomegalovirus promoters. it was demonstrated by transgene expression that oav could infect bovine nasal turbinate and rabbit kidney cells as well as a range of human cell types, including lung and foreskin fibroblasts as well as liver, prostate, breast, colon, and retinal lines. some human l ... | 1997 | 9426462 |
| synthesis and antiviral activity of 1-o-octadecyl-2-o-alkyl-sn-glycero-3-foscarnet conjugates in human cytomegalovirus-infected cells. | a series of new lipid prodrugs with the general structure, 1-o-octadecyl-2-x-sn-glycero-3-pfa were synthesized and evaluated for antiviral activity in hcmv-infected human lung fibroblasts (x is -h, -oh or an o-alkyl group of increasing chain length) in order to study structure-activity relationships of pfa lipid prodrugs. the ec50 values for the 2-o-octyl, 2-o-butyl, 2-h, 2-oh, 2-o-methyl and 2-o-ethyl substituted analogs were 1.96, 0.36, 1.0, 0.7, 0.53 and 0.18 microm respectively versus 40 mic ... | 1997 | 9443668 |
| foamy virus particle formation. | subgenomic expression plasmids for the so-called human foamy virus (hfv) structural gag, gag/pol, and env genes were constructed and used to analyze foamy virus particle formation by electron microscopy. expression of an r-u5-gag-pol construct under control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early enhancer-promoter resulted in the formation of viral cores with a homogeneous size of approximately 50 nm located in the cytoplasm. upon coexpression of an envelope construct, particles were observ ... | 1998 | 9445065 |
| sharp drop in the prevalence of human cytomegalovirus leuko-dnaemia in hiv-infected patients following highly active antiretroviral therapy. | | 1998 | 9456267 |
| [some important clinical aspects of cytomegalovirus infection]. | some important aspects of human cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection were discussed from a clinical point of view. congenital infection: the mass-screening of pregnant women is not justified at present, mainly because of limited value of diagnostic methods for detecting fetal infection and unavailability of effective measure for prevention. extensive diagnostic approach and intrauterine therapy may be applicable in the case of intrauterine growth retardation or abnormal ultrasonographic findings. dia ... | 1998 | 9465658 |
| [the function of human cytomegalovirus genes]. | the genome of human cytomegalovirus(hcmv) has been completely sequenced and encodes more than 200 genes. approximately 40 genes have been identified as "core genes" which are conserved in other members of the herpesvirus family. these include a set of genes required for viral dna replication and virion morphogenesis. the hcmv genome also encodes homologs of cellular gene products such as mhc class i heavy chain, t cell gamma chain receptor and c-c chemokine receptor. several genes in the us regi ... | 1998 | 9465661 |
| [the receptor and pathways for human cytomegalovirus entry]. | the cellular receptor for human cytomegalovirus(hcmv) entry has not been identified. to date, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, annexin ii, and cd13(aminopeptidase n) are reported to be associated with hcmv entry into human fibroblast cells. a recombinant hcmv that can express a marker protein on the infected cell was generated and used to assess relationship between hcmv entry and expression of heparan sulfate and cd13. the recombinant virus could infect to two human neuroblastoma-derived cell line ... | 1998 | 9465663 |
| [pathology of human cytomegalovirus infection in immunocompromised hosts]. | we reviewed the histopathological diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) and the pathology of hcmv infection in immunocompromised hosts. for histological diagnosis, routine staining of paraffin sections of formalin fixed tissue obtained at biopsy and autopsy is important to detect cytomegalic inclusion (owl's eye). for confirmation of hcmv diagnosis, immunohistological detection of immediate early and structural proteins of hcmv is valuable. cytomegalic inclusion contains a cowdry a inclusion ... | 1998 | 9465675 |
| [utility of quantitation of human cytomegalovirus(hcmv) dna in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by quantitative competitive pcr in aids patients]. | persons with advanced hiv infection may have active hcmv infection for months before clinically recognized hcmv disease. the qualitative detection of hcmv-dna in plasma by pcr is more useful than either urine or blood culture in identifying over time those persons with advanced hiv disease who will develop hcmv disease. quantitation of hcmv dna in plasma has identified an association between levels of hcmv dna in plasma and risk for development of hcmv disease. thus, quantitative competitive pcr ... | 1998 | 9465678 |
| [analysis of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus]. | the ganciclovir(gcv)-resistant human cytomegaloviruses(hcmv) result from the mutation(s) in either the ul97 phosphotransferase gene, or ul54 dna polymerase gene, or both. majority of clinical isolates of gcv-resistant mutant had mutations in the ul97 gene. because the mutations in the ul97 gene cluster in two regions, sudomain vi and ix, it is almost possible to identify a gcv-resistant mutant by pcr-based dna analysis. on the contrary, only a few mutants which had mutation(s) in the ul54 dna po ... | 1998 | 9465681 |
| human cytomegalovirus inhibits major histocompatibility complex class ii expression by disruption of the jak/stat pathway. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that is able to persist for decades in its host. hcmv has evolved protean countermeasures for anti-hcmv cellular immunity that facilitate establishment of persistence. recently it has been shown that hcmv inhibits interferon gamma (ifn-gamma)-stimulated mhc class ii expression, but the mechanism for this effect is unknown. ifn-gamma signal transduction (jak/stat pathway) and class ii transactivator (ciita) are required components for ifn-g ... | 1998 | 9480977 |
| false positive igm antibody tests for human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in patients with sle. | | 1998 | 9493154 |
| interpreting human cytomegalovirus antiviral drug susceptibility testing: the role of mixed virus populations. | | 1998 | 9498475 |
| distinct pathways for tumor necrosis factor alpha and ceramides in human cytomegalovirus infection. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection can be fatal to immunocompromised individuals. we have previously reported that gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) synergistically inhibit hcmv replication in vitro. ceramides have been described as second messengers induced by tnf-alpha. to investigate the mechanisms involved in the inhibition of hcmv by tnf-alpha, in the present study we have analyzed ceramide production by u373 mg astrocytoma cells and the effects of tnf-alpha v ... | 1998 | 9499092 |
| evaluation and mapping of the dna binding and oligomerization domains of the ie2 regulatory protein of human cytomegalovirus using yeast one and two hybrid interaction assays. | the 86-kda ie2 nuclear phosphoprotein encoded by the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) major immediate-early (mie) gene behaves as both a non-specific transactivator of viral and cellular gene expression and as a specific dna-binding protein targeted to the cis-repression sequence (crs) at the cap site of its own promoter/enhancer region. although the ie2 protein produced in bacteria has been shown to bind to the 14-bp palindromic crs motif and ie2 synthesized in vitro forms stable dimers in solution ... | 1998 | 9524210 |
| rising levels of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) antigenemia during initial antiviral treatment of solid-organ transplant recipients with primary hcmv infection. | in 7 of 18 solid-organ transplant recipients with primary human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, hcmv antigenemia levels were unexpectedly found to rise significantly (p = 0.018) during a mean time of 7.3 +/- 3.2 days after initiation of specific antiviral treatment, whereas corresponding levels of viremia dropped significantly (p = 0.043). thus, shifting to an alternative antiviral drug based solely on increasing antigenemia levels is not justified in this group of patients. | 1998 | 9542949 |
| design, synthesis, and antiviral evaluations of 1-(substituted benzyl)-2-substituted-5,6-dichlorobenzimidazoles as nonnucleoside analogues of 2,5,6-trichloro-1-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole. | we have recently reported that certain ribosylated polyhalogenated benzimidazoles are potent and selective inhibitors of hcmv replication at noncytotoxic concentrations. to extend the structure-activity relationship beyond these first-generation compounds, we alkylated 5,6-dichloro-2-substituted-benzimidazoles with either a series of substituted benzyl halides or (2-bromoethyl)benzene to obtain five series of nonnucleoside analogues. evaluation of these compounds for activity against herpes viru ... | 1998 | 9548815 |
| site-directed mutagenesis probing the catalytic role of arginines 165 and 166 of human cytomegalovirus protease. | human cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a member of the herpesviridae family of viruses that also includes herpes simplex viruses (hsv-1 and hsv-2), varicella-zoster virus (vzv), human herpes virus-6, 7, and 8 (hhv-6, hhv-7, and hhv-8), and epstein-barr virus (ebv). each member of this family encodes a serine protease that is a potential target for antiviral therapeutic intervention. we recently reported the crystal structure of cmv proteases [qiu, x., culp, j. s., dilella, a. g., hellmig, b., hoog, s. s ... | 1998 | 9558326 |
| a dna vaccine protects mice against the rickettsial agent cowdria ruminantium. | a dna vaccine (vcl1010/map1) containing the major antigenic protein 1 (map1) gene of cowdria ruminantium, driven by the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) enhancer-promoter, was injected intramuscularly into 8-10 week-old female dba/2 mice after treating them with 50 microliters/muscle of 0.5% bupivacaine three days previously. up to 75% of the immunized mice seroconverted and reacted with c. ruminantium antigen blots. splenocytes from immunized mice, but not from control mice, proliferated in respons ... | 1998 | 9568614 |
| intradermal immunization with a bovine herpesvirus-1 dna vaccine induces protective immunity in cattle. | although intramuscular (i.m.) injection of dna encoding glycoprotein d (gd) of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) induces immune responses in cattle, this route of delivery is inefficient. here we assessed three parameters that may enhance the efficacy of a gd dna vaccine in cattle. first, the immune response generated by i.m. injected plasmid expressing a secreted form of gd (tgd) was determined and found to be very similar in magnitude to the response induced by gd-expressing plasmid. secondly, gd- ... | 1998 | 9568979 |
| human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein h/glycoprotein l complex modulates fusion-from-without. | glycoprotein h/glycoprotein l (gh/gl) complexes of herpesviruses are required for fusion of infecting virions with host cell membranes. in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for gh inhibit the transfer of a fluorescent probe to the host cell from labelled virus particles. in similar fashion, in the present study, neutralizing gh-specific mab inhibited hcmv-induced fusion-from-without in monolayers of both human embryonic fibroblasts and continuous ast ... | 1998 | 9568982 |
| ribosomal release without peptidyl trna hydrolysis at translation termination in a eukaryotic system. | a 22-codon upstream open reading frame (uorf2) in the human cytomegalovirus ul4 transcript leader inhibits downstream translation in cis. previous studies revealed that the peptide product of uorf2 mediates this inhibitory effect by interfering with translation termination at its own stop codon. the block at termination results both in accumulation of the nascent uorf2 peptide linked to trna(pro), the trna that decodes the final codon of uorf2, and in stalling of ribosomes at the end of uorf2. t ... | 1998 | 9570317 |
| resistance of human cytomegalovirus to benzimidazole ribonucleosides maps to two open reading frames: ul89 and ul56. | 2,5,6-trichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole (tcrb) is a potent and selective inhibitor of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) replication. tcrb acts via a novel mechanism involving inhibition of viral dna processing and packaging. resistance to the 2-bromo analog (bdcrb) has been mapped to the ul89 open reading frame (orf), and this gene product was proposed as the viral target of the benzimidazole nucleosides. in this study, we report the independent isolation of virus that is 20- to 30-fold ... | 1998 | 9573236 |
| human cytomegalovirus orilyt sequence requirements. | the mechanisms of action and regulation of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) lytic-phase dna replicator, orilyt, which spans more than 2 kbp in a structurally complex region near the middle of the unique long region (ul), are not understood. because orilyt is thought to be essential for promoting initiation of lytic dna synthesis and may participate in regulating the switch between lytic and latent phases, we undertook a mutational study to better define its sequence requirements. kanr gene casse ... | 1998 | 9573268 |
| circulating cytomegalic endothelial cells are associated with high human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) load in aids patients with late-stage disseminated hcmv disease. | the prevalence of circulating cytomegalic endothelial cells, detected currently by the pp65-antigenemia assay and described previously in blood of transplanted and aids patients with disseminated human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection, was found to be 2.9% in the aids population and 6.5% in the fraction of the aids population with hcmv in blood. cytomegalic endothelial cells increased to 39.7% and 48.4%, respectively, in aids patients with very high levels of antigenemia and viremia, while an en ... | 1998 | 9580888 |
| human cytomegalovirus in blood of immunocompetent persons during primary infection: prognostic implications for pregnancy. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was investigated in peripheral blood leukocytes (pbl) of 52 immunocompetent patients (40 pregnant women) with primary hcmv infection by quantitative determination of pp65 antigenemia, viremia, and leukodnaemia. pp65 antigenemia was detected in 12 (57.1%) of 21, 4 (25%) of 16, and 0 of 10 patients examined 1, 2, and 3 months after onset, respectively. viremia was detected in 5 (26.3%) of 19 patients during the first month only. leukodnaemia was detected in 20 of 20, 1 ... | 1998 | 9592999 |
| the human cytomegalovirus ie2 86 kda protein elevates p53 levels and transactivates the p53 promoter in human fibroblasts. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), a herpesvirus, has previously been reported to elevate cellular p53 levels within infected human fibroblasts. since this elevation was reported to be due to the expression of hcmv immediate early (ie) gene products within the fibroblasts, and the hcmv immediate early region encodes several predominant proteins, the identity of the protein responsible for this elevation was investigated. we report that the hcmv ie2 86 kda protein was clearly found to be the major imm ... | 1998 | 9593583 |
| prenatal detection of human cytomegalovirus dna in fetal ascites by the polymerase chain reaction. | | 1998 | 9598962 |
| a fifth human cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b genotype. | genetic variation in glycoprotein b (gb) may play a role in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) pathogenesis. using restriction endonuclease digestion and dna sequencing, a unique gb genotype was identified in eight hcmv strains isolated from five patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. nucleic acid homology to the four previously described gb genotypes ranged from 79 to 91% for the two major variable regions of gb. studies of the role of gb in hcmv pathogenesis should recognize the exis ... | 1998 | 9602505 |
| clinical and microbiological evaluation of a bioabsorbable and a nonresorbable barrier membrane in the treatment of periodontal intraosseous lesions. | clinical and microbiological features of periodontal healing in barrier membrane-treated sites were determined in a randomized clinical trial. the study included 10 patients with advanced adult periodontitis and a minimum of one set of similar 2 to 3 wall intraosseous periodontal lesions with no furcation involvement. in each patient, one periodontal lesion was treated with a biodegradable membrane and a contralateral lesion with a nonresorbable barrier membrane. within the preceding 3 months of ... | 1998 | 9609375 |
| fasl induces fas/apo1-mediated apoptosis in human embryonic kidney 293 cells routinely used to generate e1-deleted adenoviral vectors. | human embryonic kidney 293 cells contain the e1 region of adenovirus type 5, and thus sustain, through transcomplementation, the production of recombinant e1-deleted adenovirus vectors. during attempts to produce recombinant adenovirus expressing the apoptosis-inducing molecule fas ligand (fasl) under the control of a very strong truncated major immediate-early human cytomegalovirus (miehcmv) promoter, we discovered that 293 cells were not surviving the initial cotransfection with a shuttle plas ... | 1998 | 9614583 |
| adeno-associated viral vector-mediated gene transfer of human blood coagulation factor ix into mouse liver. | recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors (aav) were prepared in high titer (10(12) to 10(13) particles/ml) for the expression of human factor ix after in vivo transduction of murine hepatocytes. injection of aav-cmv-f.ix (expression from the human cytomegalovirus ie enhancer/promoter) into the portal vein of adult mice resulted in no detectable human factor ix in plasma, but in mice injected intravenously as newborns with the same vector, expression was initially 55 to 110 ng/ml. the expressio ... | 1998 | 9616156 |
| influence of intravitreal injections of hpmpc and related nucleoside analogues on intraocular pressure in guinea pig eyes. | cidofovir (hpmpc) is a potent long-acting anticytomegalovirus agent. in humans, its dose-limiting intravitreal toxicity results in the lowering of intraocular pressure (iop). the purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of hpmpc and various acyclic nucleoside phosphonate (anp) analogues when administered intravitreally in guinea pig eyes and to establish the structural and functional relation of these compounds in connection with their effects on the ciliary body and retina. | 1998 | 9620084 |
| human cytomegalovirus persistently infects aortic endothelial cells. | endothelial cells (ec) have been implicated as constituting an important cell type in the pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv). microvascular and macrovascular ec exhibit different biochemical and functional properties depending on the organ of origin. phenotypic differences between microvascular and macrovascular ec may alter the ability of these cells to support hcmv replication. in this study, we compared the replication of hcmv in primary macrovascular aortic ec (aec) with that in br ... | 1998 | 9621025 |
| human herpesvirus 6 open reading frame u12 encodes a functional beta-chemokine receptor. | human herpesvirus 6 (hhv- 6), which belongs to the betaherpesvirus subfamily and infects mainly t cells in vitro, causes acute and latent infections. hhv- 6 contains two genes (u12 and u51) that encode putative homologs of cellular g-protein-coupled receptors (gcr), while three other betaherpesviruses, human cytomegalovirus, murine cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 7, have three, one, and two gcr-homologous genes, respectively. the u12 gene is expressed late in infection from a spliced mrna ... | 1998 | 9621074 |
| in vitro generation of human cytomegalovirus pp65 antigenemia, viremia, and leukodnaemia. | immunocompromised patients with disseminated human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection have circulating pmn carrying hcmv pp65 (antigenemia), infectious virus (viremia), and viral dna (leukodnaemia). because hcmv does not fully replicate in pmn, it is generally hypothesized that virions and viral materials are taken up by phagocytosis from fully permissive hcmv-infected endothelial cells. however, no experimental evidence has ever been provided for these pmn-endothelium interactions. pmn from 11 do ... | 1998 | 9637702 |
| human cytomegalovirus: a viral complication in transplantation. | | 1998 | 9642503 |
| the maastricht strain and england strain of rat cytomegalovirus represent different betaherpesvirus species rather than strains. | the major immediate early (mie) locus of the maastricht strain of rat cytomegalovirus (rcmv) was found to comprise five exons of which the first is noncoding. the first three exons are spliced to either exon 4, generating ie1, or exon 5, generating ie2. an additional splicing event unique to rcmv (maastricht) was identified in exon 5, resulting in a 466-bp deletion. ie1 transcripts were detected exclusively during the ie phase of infection in vitro, whereas ie2 transcripts were detected during b ... | 1998 | 9657952 |
| the acidic domain of pul37x1 and gpul37 plays a key role in transactivation of hcmv dna replication gene promoter constructions. | transient complementation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) orilyt dna replication in permissive human diploid cells expressing replication genes under native promoters requires its ul36-38 gene products. two of the immediate early (ie) proteins encoded by this locus, pul37x1 and, to a lesser extent, gpul37, activated expression of hcmv early gene promoter constructions. the other ie protein encoded by the ul36-38 locus, pul36, and the early product, pul38, did not transactivate the hcmv early pro ... | 1998 | 9657958 |
| antibody response to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) glycoprotein b (gb) in aids patients with hcmv end-organ disease. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-specific antibody responses in hiv-1 infected individuals either with or without hcmv end-organ disease were examined to determine the whether development of hcmv disease was associated with a particular deficit in the antibody response. antiwhole hcmv, anti-glycoprotein b (gb), and neutralizing antibody levels were higher in hiv-1 infected individuals than in healthy immunocompetent subjects, particularly in patients with aids either with or without hcmv-associated ... | 1998 | 9661835 |
| significance of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in the detection of human cytomegalovirus gene transcripts in thoracic organ transplant recipients. | cytomegalovirus disease is a major cause of morbidity in transplant recipients. we have evaluated the clinical value of detecting viral mrna transcripts for the diagnosis of active infection leading to disease in recipients of thoracic organ transplants. | 1998 | 9662090 |
| potential involvement of il-8 in the pathogenesis of human cytomegalovirus infection. | the observations that several types of viruses induced interleukin (il)-8 production prompted us to investigate the interrelationship between il-8 and cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection. cmv infection caused il-8 production in a human monocytic cell line, thp-1, in dose- and time-dependent manners. moreover, cmv induced il-8 gene expression by concurrently activating transcription factors, nf-kappab and ap-1. furthermore, cmv infection of human fibroblast cell lines increased gene expression of a s ... | 1998 | 9665276 |
| biological and immunogenic properties of rabies virus glycoprotein expressed by canine herpesvirus vector. | in order to evaluate whether canine herpesvirus (chv) could be used as a live vector for the expression of heterologous immunogenes, we constructed a recombinant canine herpesvirus (chv) expressing glycoprotein (g protein) of rabies virus (rv). the gene of g protein was inserted within the thymidine kinase gene of chv yp11mu strain under the control of the human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter. the g protein expressed by the recombinant chv was processed and transported to the cell surf ... | 1998 | 9682345 |
| remission of iga nephropathy following treatment of cytomegalovirus infection with ganciclovir. | following the detection of cytomegalovirus antigen in mesangial cells of some patients with iga nephropathy, an important role of human cytomegalovirus in the pathogenesis of iga nephropathy has been discussed. we studied a case of iga nephropathy with rapid deterioration of renal function associated with cytomegalovirus infection. following an infection of the upper respiratory tract, a 57-year-old woman developed with hematuria and acute renal failure. the histological diagnosis of iga nephrop ... | 1998 | 9696435 |
| mutation in region iii of the dna polymerase gene conferring foscarnet resistance in cytomegalovirus isolates from 3 subjects receiving prolonged antiviral therapy. | three human immunodeficiency virus-infected subjects with progressive cytomegalovirus (cmv) retinitis despite prolonged antiviral therapy had buffy coat cmv isolates that were resistant to both ganciclovir and foscarnet. genetic analysis of the resistant isolates showed that each contained a well-known ganciclovir resistance mutation in the viral ul97 phosphotransferase sequence, as well as a mutation (ala to val at codon 809, v809) in conserved region iii of the dna polymerase (pol) sequence. a ... | 1998 | 9697736 |
| diagnostic significance and clinical impact of quantitative assays for diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus infection/disease in immunocompromised patients. | in recent years several assays have been developed for quantitation of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in blood of immunocompromised (transplanted and aids) patients. it is currently agreed that the only reliable indication of the degree of dissemination of hcmv infection/disease is the measurement of hcmv in blood. diagnosis of hcmv end-organ disease (organ localizations) often does not benefit from quantitation of virus in blood, but requires detection and quantification of virus in samples taken ... | 1998 | 9699213 |
| an antivirally active sulfated polysaccharide from sargassum horneri (turner) c. agardh. | a sulfated polysaccharide was isolated from the hot water extract of a brown alga, sargassum horneri (turner) c. agardh. fucose was detected as the main component sugar of this polysaccharide. this compound showed potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1. time-of-addition experiments suggested that it inhibited not only the initial stages of viral infection, such as attachment to and penetration into host cells, ... | 1998 | 9703258 |
| the cyclin e promoter is activated by human cytomegalovirus 86-kda immediate early protein. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) activates cyclin e/cdk2, which regulates cell cycle progression in g1 and s phase of the cell cycle. hcmv activation of cyclin e/cdk2 can be demonstrated in cells that are refractory to normal mitotic stimuli. this observation suggests that the virus has some means to overcome the stringent control on expression of cell cycle progression factors that is characteristic of cells in the g0 state. one of the mechanisms involved in activation of cyclin e/cdk2 is the induc ... | 1998 | 9705351 |
| evaluation of the murex hybrid capture cytomegalovirus dna assay versus plasma pcr and shell vial assay for diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus viremia in immunocompromised patients. | we evaluated a cytomegalovirus (cmv) 24-hour shell vial assay (sva), the murex hybrid capture cmv dna assay (hca), and a cmv plasma pcr for the detection of cmv viremia in renal and bone marrow transplant recipients and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. cmv viremia was detected by at least one method in 125 of 317 evaluable samples (39.4%) from 78 patients and was detected in 19.8% of samples by sva, 26.8% by hca, and 32.2% by plasma pcr. there was moderate to substantial agreement ... | 1998 | 9705391 |
| factors influencing the effects of murine cytomegalovirus on the pancreas. | background: as human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infections are implicated in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm), the effects of murine (m)cmv infection of inbred mice on the pancreas are of interest. results: inflammation and periacinar oedema peaked on day 3 and were replaced by a focal inflammation, but infected cells were rare. the islets were spared in c57bl mice. insulitis normally seen in non-obese diabetic (nod) mice was accelerated, but infected nod mice did not become glycosuric. is ... | 1998 | 9726035 |
| evaluation of restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the ul10-ul13 genomic region for rapid identification of human cytomegalovirus strains. | a sensitive semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was established which allows rapid identification of human cytomegalovirus strains directly on clinical specimens, thereby permitting virus isolation and propagation on cell cultures to be avoided. the assay is based on restriction analysis of pcr products derived from the polymorphic ul10-ul13 region of the human cytomegalovirus genome. the method was evaluated using clinical samples from 23 subjects comprising 16 breast-feeding mothers an ... | 1998 | 9764560 |