| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after mlui restriction of genomic dna. | at least three borrelia species (borrelia afzelii, borrelia garinii and borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto) cause disease in humans, but borrelia spielmanii, borrelia valaisiana, borrelia lusitaniae and borrelia bissettii have also been reported to be rare or potential causes of human disease in europe. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis after mlui restriction of the genomic dna (mlui large restriction fragment patterns, lrfps) represents one of several approaches that have been used to assess bor ... | 2008 | 18586084 |
| pseudotumor cerebri: early manifestation of adult lyme disease. | | 2008 | 18589043 |
| [unusual clinical manifestation of lyme disease--report of 2 cases]. | unusual clinical manifestation of lyme borreliosis in two children has been presented. we discuss patient from borrelia-endemic area who presented with persistent headache, weakness and fever. the second patient experienced acute flu-like signs with associated neck pain and stiffness (probable diagnosis). after two weeks lasting antibiotic therapy (ceftriaxone, ampicillin) nonspecific symptoms and signs decreased. | 2007 | 18595510 |
| primary atrophic solitary morphea profunda. | solitary morphea profunda (smp) is a distinct form of localized scleroderma, a cutaneous disorder of unknown origin. here, we describe a patient presenting with noninflammatory cupuliform depressed plaques, without any significant skin induration, pigmentation or texture change, that appeared on the left shoulder at a site of previous intramuscular vaccination. light microscopy studies revealed excessive dermal collagen deposition with thickened hyalinized collagen bundles. magnetic resonance im ... | 2008 | 18596375 |
| serological reactivity to ehrlichia canis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, neorickettsia risticii, borrelia burgdorferi and rickettsia conorii in dogs from northwestern spain. | the aim of the present work was to investigate the seroprevalence against ehrlichia canis (ec), anaplasma phagocytophilum (ap), neorickettsia risticii (nr), rickettsia conorii (rc), and borrelia burgdorferi (bb) in two different clusters of canine samples from northwestern spain. cluster 1 included 479 dogs presented at veterinary clinics located in ourense and pontevedra. cluster ii included 170 dogs from the public kennel of ourense. all 649 canine serum samples were analyzed by immunofluoresc ... | 2008 | 18597660 |
| wide distribution of a high-virulence borrelia burgdorferi clone in europe and north america. | the a and b clones of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, distinguished by outer surface protein c (ospc) gene sequences, are commonly associated with disseminated lyme disease. to resolve phylogenetic relationships among isolates, we sequenced 68 isolates from europe and north america at 1 chromosomal locus (16s-23s ribosomal rna spacer) and 3 plasmid loci (ospc,dbpa, and bbd14). the ospc-a clone appeared to be highly prevalent on both continents, and isolates of this clone were uniform in dna ... | 2008 | 18598631 |
| [recurrent tick-borne fever: a possible diagnosis in patients returning from senegal]. | in senegal, tick-borne relapsing fever caused by the spirochetes borrelia crucidurae is the most common cause of fever after malaria in rural areas. however, this is only rarely diagnosed in france, probably because: i) the diagnosis relies on investigations that are not routinely done; ii) even undiagnosed, borreliosis may be cured with empirical antibiotic treatment. we report four observations of tick-borne relapsing fever in patients returning from senegal: in two patients, the diagnosis rel ... | 2008 | 18602236 |
| a case report of relapsing fever. | relapsing fever is an acute febrile illness caused by spirochetes of the genus borrelia. the high fevers of presenting patients spontaneously abate and then recur. here we report a 50-year-old woman having relapsing fever associated with thrombocytopenia. giemsa staining of peripheral blood smear revealed spiral organisms morphologically resembling borrelia. a rare case of relapsing fever which was successfully treated with doxycycline is discussed. | 2008 | 18603714 |
| suppression of th2 cytokines reduces tick-transmitted borrelia burgdorferi load in mice. | previous work has indicated that both borrelia burgdorferi and the process of tick feeding (saliva) modulate the host immune response. molecules have been identified in tick saliva that effect t cell proliferation by binding to specific cytokines, thereby promoting a th2 cytokine response that does not afford protection against tick-transmitted b. burgdorferi in mice. moreover, reconstitution of a th1-biased t cell response prior to spirochete challenge effectively neutralizes tick modulation of ... | 2008 | 18605798 |
| borrelia burgdorferi vlse antigenic variation is not mediated by reca. | reca is a key protein linking genetic recombination to dna replication and repair in bacteria. previous functional characterization of borrelia burgdorferi reca indicated that the protein is mainly involved in genetic recombination rather than dna repair. genetic recombination may play a role in b. burgdorferi persistence by generation of antigenic variation. we report here the isolation of a reca null mutant in an infectious b. burgdorferi strain. comparison of the in vitro growth characteristi ... | 2008 | 18606826 |
| relevance of the antibody index to diagnose lyme neuroborreliosis among seropositive patients. | | 2008 | 18606972 |
| relevance of the antibody index to diagnose lyme neuroborreliosis among seropositive patients. | | 2008 | 18606973 |
| metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the ankle in long-standing untreated acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. | acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) represents the persistent late stage of borreliosis in which borrelia species may survive for decades. occasionally, b-cell lymphoma may develop in these patients, and additional neoplastic complications such as basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma (scc) have been reported once each over the past 60 years. here we describe, to the best of our knowledge, the first case of metastatic scc in a european patient with long-standing aca caused by bor ... | 2008 | 18607109 |
| novel genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato from rodents and ticks in southwestern china. | by using multilocus sequence analysis, five borrelia valaisiana-related strains isolated from rodents and ticks in southwestern china were eventually classified as a new genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato rather than b. valaisiana. the finding explained the differences in transmission cycle and phenotype between b. valaisiana strains from europe and b. valaisiana-related strains from eastern asia. | 2008 | 18614645 |
| granuloma annulare--a manifestation of infection with borrelia? | among the theories of origin of granuloma annulare (ga) are those of infection. reports gave raise to the assumption that there is evidence for borrelia as the causing agent. | 2008 | 18616764 |
| neuroborreliosis with extrapyramidal symptoms: a case report. | the disease of lyme is a tick-borne infection. it involves skin, the nervous system, joints and the heart. spirochaeta borrelia burgdorferi is the etiologic agent of the disease. in the majority of cases, clinical symptoms, like migrating erythema, occur from 3 to 30 days, sometimes to 3 months after a bite from a tick. the early disseminated infection involves multiple migrating erythema, neuroborreliosis, arthritis, myocarditis and other organ-related symptoms. the late stage of chronic infect ... | 2008 | 18619183 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi infection among forestry workers and farmers in duzce, north-western turkey. | borrelia burgdorferi infection is the most frequent tick-transmitted disease worldwide. our aim was to assess the seroprevalence of b. burgdorferi infection among forestry workers and farmers in duzce, in the north-west region of turkey. blood samples from 349 forestry workers and farmers and 193 healthy blood donors were obtained to determine the presence of antibodies to b. burgdorferi. a two-step testing strategy was used; the sera were initially tested by elisa and then by western blot (wb) ... | 2008 | 18623985 |
| a survey for infection with dirofilaria immitis, ehrlichia canis, borrelia burgdorferi, and babesia canis in feral and client-owned dogs in the turks and caicos islands, british west indies. | the frequency of infection with dirofilaria immitis and babesia canis and seropositivity to ehrlichia canis and borrelia burgdorferi in feral and client-owned dogs was determined. feral dogs were 14.8 and 11.2 times more likely to be seropositive to d. immitis and e. canis, respectively, than were client-owned dogs. none of the dogs tested positive for b. burgdorferi or b. canis. | 2008 | 18624070 |
| the failure of immune response evasion by linear plasmid 28-1-deficient borrelia burgdorferi is attributable to persistent expression of an outer surface protein. | infectivity and persistence by borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, rely stringently on regulatory events. among these is the downregulation of lipoprotein antigen expression, exemplified by outer surface protein c (ospc), at the advent of specific immunity in the mammalian host. b. burgdorferi spirochetes that lack the linear plasmid 28-1 (lp28-1) succumb to the host's immune response. we thus explored the notion that these two phenomena were related--that lp28-1(-) organi ... | 2008 | 18625742 |
| presence of pathogenic borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents in zhejiang, south-east china. | a molecular epidemiological survey was conducted to investigate the presence of pathogenic borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) species in the forest areas of zhejiang province, south-east china. a total of 182 ticks of 6 species and 200 rodents of 8 species were collected and individually examined for the presence of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna by nested pcr targeting the 5s-23s rrna intergenic spacer. forty-one ticks of four species, haemaphysalis concinna, haemaphysalis longicornis, rhipicephal ... | 2008 | 18628499 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its coinfection with borrelia afzelii in ixodes ricinus and ixodes persulcatus ticks inhabiting tver province (russia) - a sympatric region for both tick species. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) and lyme borreliosis (lb) are tick-borne infectious diseases caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato species, respectively. in this study, p44/msp2 paralogues specific to a. phagocytophilum and 5s-23s rrna gene-intergenic spacers specific to b. burgdorferi sensu lato species were detected by pcr in ticks collected in two regions, tver (kalinin) and konakovo, of the tver (kalinin) province located 150 km north-west of moscow. t ... | 2008 | 18628500 |
| a european pathogenic microorganism proteome database: construction and maintenance. | a relational database structure based on ms-access and mysql to store and manage proteomics data was established. this system may be used to publish two-dimensional electrophoretic proteomics data, and also may be accessed by external users who want to compare their own data with those in the databases. the maintenance of the database is managed centrally. the producers of proteomics data do not need to construct a database themselves. users can introduce mass spectra into the database, which al ... | 2002 | 18628887 |
| [lyme carditis--rare cause of dilated cardiomyopathy and rhythm disturbances]. | case report of young woman presents involvement of dilated cardiomyopathy and rhythm disturbances in 18 months after infection of tick, with direct assessment of spirochetes in myocardial tissue. cardial decompensation occured after asthma exacerbation, complicated by bronchopneumonia. rhythm disturbances and heart failure gradually subside after parenteral antibiotic treatment and peroral treatment of heart failure. nevertheless there is a long-lasting persistence of dilated cardiomyopathy with ... | 2008 | 18630624 |
| clinical and therapeutic aspects of dementia in syphilis and lyme disease. | | 2008 | 18631797 |
| biology and neuropathology of dementia in syphilis and lyme disease. | | 2008 | 18631798 |
| oral immunization with recombinant lactobacillus plantarum induces a protective immune response in mice with lyme disease. | mucosal immunization is advantageous over other routes of antigen delivery because it can induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. our goal was to develop a mucosal delivery vehicle based on bacteria generally regarded as safe, such as lactobacillus spp. in this study, we used the lyme disease mouse model as a proof of concept. we demonstrate that an oral vaccine based on live recombinant lactobacillus plantarum protects mice from tick-transmitted borrelia burgdorferi infection. our me ... | 2008 | 18632920 |
| [borreliosis--simultaneous lyme carditis and psychiatric disorders--case report]. | borreliosis is a multisystemic disease transmitted by ticks. its diagnosis still remains a challenge because of the varied clinical picture and of difficulties in detection of the etiological agent (borrelia burgdorferi). we report a case of a 53-years-old woman admitted to the clinic of cardiology due to life-threatening arhythmias with simultaneous deficits in concentration and memory. a suspicion of borreliosis was driven from the presence of cardiac symptoms as well as of psychiatric and fro ... | 2008 | 18634389 |
| projected effects of climate change on tick phenology and fitness of pathogens transmitted by the north american tick ixodes scapularis. | ixodes scapularis is the principal tick vector of the lyme borreliosis agent borrelia burgdorferi and other tick-borne zoonoses in northeastern north america. the degree of seasonal synchrony of nymphal and larval ticks may be important in influencing the basic reproductive number of the pathogens transmitted by i. scapularis. because the seasonal phenology of tick vectors is partly controlled by ambient temperature, climate and climate change could shape the population biology of tick-borne pat ... | 2008 | 18634803 |
| coinfection with four genera of bacteria (borrelia, bartonella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia) in haemaphysalis longicornis and ixodes sinensis ticks from china. | we studied coinfection with four genera of bacteria--borrelia, bartonella, anaplasma, and ehrlichia--in ticks collected between december 2005 and november 2006 from zhejiang province and liaoning province. four hundred fifty haemaphysalis longicornis and 86 ixodes sinensis ticks were collected and divided into 236 groups. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) or nested pcr was used to detect the bacteria. the amplicons were sequenced and compared to published sequences. phylogenic analysis was perform ... | 2008 | 18637722 |
| relapsing fever spirochetes retain infectivity after prolonged in vitro cultivation. | borrelia hermsii and borrelia burgdorferi, two closely related spirochetes, are the etiological agents of tick-borne relapsing fever and lyme disease, respectively. previous studies have shown the loss of infectivity of b. burgdorferi is associated with in vitro cultivation. this diminished infectivity of b. burgdorferi has occurred as early as three in vitro passages, and the loss of plasmids have been observed with these less virulent to noninfective cultures. the effects of long-term in vitro ... | 2008 | 18637723 |
| knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding lyme disease prevention among connecticut residents, 1999-2004. | lyme disease, caused by the tick-transmitted bacterium borrelia burgdorferi, is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. we surveyed residents of three connecticut health districts to evaluate the impact of intensive community-wide education programs on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors to prevent lyme disease. overall, 84% of respondents reported that they knew a lot or some about lyme disease, and 56% felt that they were very or somewhat likely to get lyme disease in the co ... | 2008 | 18637724 |
| serum cardiac troponin i concentration in dogs with ehrlichiosis. | ehrlichiosis is a multisystemic disease with the potential to cause cardiomyocyte injury in naturally infected dogs. | 2008 | 18638021 |
| il-10 helps control pathogen load during high-level bacteremia. | during relapsing fever borreliosis, a high pathogen load in the blood occurs at times of peak bacteremia. specific igm abs are responsible for spirochetal clearance so in absence of b cells there is persistent high-level bacteremia. previously, we showed that b cell-deficient mice persistently infected with borrelia turicatae produce high levels of il-10 and that exogenous il-10 reduces bacteremia. this suggested that il-10 helps reduce bacteremia at times of high pathogen load by a b cell-indep ... | 2008 | 18641346 |
| update on lyme disease: the hidden epidemic. | lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the united states. diagnosis is problematic for many reasons, including unsatisfactory laboratory tests and confusion about test interpretation. when lyme disease is diagnosed early, treatment is usually successful with oral antibiotics. unfortunately, the diagnosis is often missed, allowing the infection to disseminate and affect every body system. when lyme disease affects the central nervous system, it is often treated with intravenous a ... | 2008 | 18641487 |
| an exotic cause for confusion in the garden. | | 2008 | 18644913 |
| blood smear analysis in babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, relapsing fever, malaria, and chagas disease. | blood smear analysis is especially useful for diagnosing five infectious diseases: babesiosis, ehrlichiosis, relapsing fever due to borrelia infection, malaria, and american trypanosomiasis (chagas disease). it should be performed in patients with persistent or recurring fever or in those who have traveled to the developing world or who have a history of tick exposure, especially if accompanied by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, or hepatosplenomegaly. | 2008 | 18646588 |
| potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records. | ticks are often infected with more than one pathogen, and several field surveys have documented nonrandom levels of coinfection. levels of coinfection by pathogens in four tick species were analyzed using published infection data. coinfection patterns of pathogens in field-collected ticks include numerous cases of higher or lower levels of coinfection than would be expected due to chance alone, but the vast majority of these cases can be explained on the basis of vertebrate host associations of ... | 2008 | 18648996 |
| detection of borrelia bissettii in cardiac valve tissue of a patient with endocarditis and aortic valve stenosis in the czech republic. | molecular analysis of a clinical sample confirmed the presence of borrelia bissettii dna in cardiac valve tissue from a patient with endocarditis and aortic valve stenosis. this evidence strongly supports the involvement of b. bissettii in lyme disease in europe. | 2008 | 18650352 |
| borrelia arthritis and chronic myositis accompanied by typical chronic dermatitis. | | 2008 | 18661710 |
| differential expression of a putative card-like transcriptional regulator, ltpa, in borrelia burgdorferi. | the availability of microbial genome information has provided a fruitful opportunity for studying regulatory networks in a variety of pathogenic bacteria. in an initial effort to elucidate regulatory networks potentially involved in differential gene expression by the lyme disease pathogen borrelia burgdorferi, we have been investigating the functions and regulation of putative transcriptional regulatory factors predicted to be encoded within the b. burgdorferi genome. herein we report the regul ... | 2008 | 18663002 |
| two ways of experimental infection of ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) with spirochetes of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. | a previously reported procedure for the introduction of borrelia spirochetes into tick larvae by immersion in a suspension of spirochetes was tested on ixodes ricinus (l.) ticks and three of the most medically important european borrelia genomic species, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii and b. afzelii. the procedure was compared with "classical" infection of nymphs by feeding on infected mice. both methods yielded comparable results (infection rate 44-65%) with the exception of b. afzeli ... | 2008 | 18666419 |
| [neuroborreliosis]. | borrelia burgdorferi infection is a frequent disease in our country. the neurological complications of this infection are found essentially in the early dissemination stage and in the late stage of the disease. neuroborreliosis symptoms are most often characterized by radiculalgia resisting to treatment, sometimes associated to a cranial neuropathy, predominantly facial. the evolution is satisfactory under adapted antibiotherapy. this antiobiotherapy remains necessary despite the fact that most ... | 2008 | 18669203 |
| ticks produce highly selective chemokine binding proteins with antiinflammatory activity. | bloodsucking parasites such as ticks have evolved a wide variety of immunomodulatory proteins that are secreted in their saliva, allowing them to feed for long periods of time without being detected by the host immune system. one possible strategy used by ticks to evade the host immune response is to produce proteins that selectively bind and neutralize the chemokines that normally recruit cells of the innate immune system that protect the host from parasites. we have identified distinct cdnas e ... | 2008 | 18678732 |
| activation of gamma delta t cells by borrelia burgdorferi is indirect via a tlr- and caspase-dependent pathway. | activation of the innate immune system typically precedes engagement of adaptive immunity. cells at the interface between these two arms of the immune response are thus critical to provide full engagement of host defense. among the innate t cells at this interface are gammadelta t cells. gammadelta t cells contribute to the defense from a variety of infectious organisms, yet little is understood regarding how they are activated. we have previously observed that human gammadelta t cells of the vd ... | 2008 | 18684928 |
| hyperplasia of hair follicles and other adnexal structures in cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders: a study of 53 cases, including so-called pseudolymphomatous folliculitis and overt lymphomas. | we studied 53 cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders, all of which manifested hair follicle hyperplasia. there were 42 cases conforming to the description of pseudolymphomatous folliculitis (plf) and 11 cases of authentic lymphomas including mycosis fungoides, cd30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma, diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, b-cell small cell lymphoma/leukemia, and peripheral t-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. all patients with plf clinically presented with a solitary nodule preferent ... | 2008 | 18685486 |
| the majority of cutaneous marginal zone b-cell lymphomas expresses class-switched immunoglobulins and develops in a t-helper type 2 inflammatory environment. | extranodal marginal zone b-cell lymphomas (mzbcls) arise on a background of chronic inflammation resulting from organ-specific autoimmunity, infection, or by unknown causes. well-known examples are salivary gland mzbcl in sjögren's sialadenitis and gastric mzbcl in helicobacter pylori gastritis. mzbcls express cxcr3, a receptor for interferon-gamma-induced chemokines highly expressed in the chronic inflammatory environment. the immunoglobulin (ig) variable heavy/light chain (igv(h)/igv(l)) gene ... | 2008 | 18687986 |
| [pain and neuroborreliosis: significance, diagnosis and treatment]. | lyme neuroborreliosis is a tick-borne infection of the central nervous system caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. the most frequent manifestation of neuroborreliosis in europe is meningoradiculitis or bannwarth's syndrome. one of its hallmarks is intense, lancinating, radicular pain, especially at night. its characteristics are rather different to other forms of neuropathic pain in respect to the dynamics, localisation and therapeutic responses. this review therefore summarises not on ... | 2008 | 18688658 |
| toll-like receptors: insights into their possible role in the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis. | lyme neuroborreliosis is likely caused by inflammatory effects of the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi on the nervous system. microglia, the resident macrophage cells within the central nervous system (cns), are important in initiating an immune response to microbial products. in addition, astrocytes, the major cns glial cell type, also can contribute to brain inflammation. tlrs (toll-like receptors) are used by glial cells to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps), m ... | 2008 | 18694963 |
| rapid introduction of lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) established at turkey point provincial park, ontario, canada. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) was isolated from questing adult ixodes scapularis say ticks collected from turkey point provincial park (tppp), ontario, canada during 2005-2006. dna from ten (67%) of 15 pools of ticks was confirmed positive for b. burgdorferi s.s. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) by targeting the rrf (5s)-rrl (23s) intergenic spacer region and ospa genes. this significant infection rate indicates an accelerated development of b. burgdorferi s.s. in tppp, because ... | 2008 | 18697308 |
| crowded, cell-like environment induces shape changes in aspherical protein. | how the crowded environment inside cells affects the structures of proteins with aspherical shapes is a vital question because many proteins and protein-protein complexes in vivo adopt anisotropic shapes. here we address this question by combining computational and experimental studies of a football-shaped protein (i.e., borrelia burgdorferi vlse) in crowded, cell-like conditions. the results show that macromolecular crowding affects protein-folding dynamics as well as overall protein shape. in ... | 2008 | 18697933 |
| [articular symptoms in lyme borreliosis]. | articular involvement following borrelia burgdorferi invasion into synovial tissue, is one of the typical clinical forms of lyme borreliosis. it may manifest itself at any stage of the disease and has a wide clinical spectrum, from transient musculoskeletal symptoms to chronic, persistent inflammation of the large joints. typically, however, the natural course of the disease is favorable, leading to elimination of the spirochete and regression of symptoms even if untreated. antibiotic therapy is ... | 2008 | 18702339 |
| etiology of fibromyalgia: the possible role of infection and vaccination. | fibromyalgia syndrome (fms), a condition characterized by widespread pain and diffuse tenderness, is considered a multifactorial disorder. fms is now recognized as one of the "central" pain syndromes. environmental and genetic factors play a role in the pathogenesis of fms. various triggers including trauma and stress as well as infections, may precipitate the development of fms. certain infections including hepatitis c virus, hiv and lyme disease have been temporally associated with the develop ... | 2008 | 18706528 |
| identification and characterization of the factor h and fhl-1 binding complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 1 of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia spielmanii sp. nov. | borrelia spielmanii, one of the etiological agents of lyme disease found in europe, evades host complement-mediated killing by recruitment of the immune regulators factor h and fhl-1 from human serum. serum-resistant and intermediate serum-resistant isolates express up to 3 distinct complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (crasps) that bind factor h and/or fhl-1. the present study describes identification and functional characterization of bscrasp-1 as the dominant factor h and fhl-1 bin ... | 2009 | 18706858 |
| borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 2 does not contribute to complement resistance or host infectivity. | borrelia burgdorferi, the pathogen of lyme disease, cycles in nature through ixodes ticks and mammalian hosts. at least five complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (bbcrasps) are produced by b. burgdorferi, which are thought to assist spirochetes in host immune evasion. recent studies established that bbcrasp-2 is preferentially expressed in mammals, and elicits robust antibody response in infected hosts, including humans. we show that bbcrasp-2 is ubiquitously expressed in diverse muri ... | 2008 | 18714378 |
| [lyme disease--case report]. | the authors presents a female case of lyme disease. there are presented types of onset, evolution and treatment in this case. | 2008 | 18714491 |
| transmission dynamics of borrelia burgdorferi s.s. during the key third day of feeding by nymphal ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae). | nymphal ixodes scapularis say are the principal vectors of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto) in the eastern united states. physicians frequently face the decision of whether or not to administer prophylactic antibiotics to human tick bite victims in lyme disease endemic regions, based on the overall probability that such bites will result in infection with b. burgdorferi s.s. we evaluated the transmission dynamics of b. burgdorferi s.s. during the key third day of nym ... | 2008 | 18714875 |
| dispelling the chronic lyme disease myth. | lyme disease is a tick-borne illness endemic to minnesota that can have potentially severe complications. as the incidence of lyme disease continues to increase, it is important for physicians in minnesota to become familiar with its clinical aspects, including the concept of "chronic lyme disease." chronic lyme disease is a misnomer that is often applied to patients with nonspecific presentations who may or may not have a history of infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the agent that causes lym ... | 2008 | 18714930 |
| impact of clinical variables on borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibody seropositivity in acute-phase sera from patients in north america with culture-confirmed early lyme disease. | erythema migrans, the most common manifestation of lyme disease, has been associated with highly variable rates of seropositivity for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. differences in the sensitivities of serologic assays for the detection of these antibodies, however, may not be the only or even the primary explanation for this observation. we investigated the impacts of four clinical variables on seropositivity--the duration of erythema migrans, the presence of single versus multiple skin les ... | 2008 | 18716009 |
| validation of cultivation and pcr methods for diagnosis of lyme neuroborreliosis. | borrelial infection may manifest with a wide range of clinical signs, and in many cases, microbiological findings are essential for a proper diagnosis. this study included 48 patients with a working clinical diagnosis of lyme neuroborreliosis, 45 patients with a working clinical diagnosis of suspected lyme neuroborreliosis, and a control group comprising 42 patients with tick-borne encephalitis and 21 neurosurgical patients. the aim of the study was to analyze and compare findings of two pcr met ... | 2008 | 18716226 |
| microbial pathogens in ticks, rodents and a shrew in northern gyeonggi-do near the dmz, korea. | a total of 1,618 ticks [420 individual (adults) and pooled (larvae and nymphs) samples], 369 rodents (apodemus agrarius, rattus norvegicus, tscherskia triton, mus musculus, and myodes regulus), and 34 shrews (crocidura lasiura) that were collected in northern gyeonggi-do near the demilitarized zone (dmz) of korea during 2004-2005, were assayed by pcr for selected zoonotic pathogens. from a total of 420 individual and pooled tick dna samples, anaplasma (a.) phagocytophilum (16), a. platys (16), e ... | 2008 | 18716449 |
| localized abdominal idiopathic lipodystrophy. | localized loss of subcutaneous tissue can occur after panniculitis, injections of corticosteroids and other drugs, or associated with infectious, autoimmune or neurologic diseases. the "idiopathic lipoatrophies" are a group of poorly characterized diseases, with focal disappearance of subcutaneous fat, and usually the thighs, abdomen or the ankles are affected. three subtypes have been described based on clinical presentation: lipoatrophia semicircularis, annular lipoatrophy of the ankles and ce ... | 2008 | 18718199 |
| neuroborreliosis recurrence: reinfection or relapse? | we report the case of a 47-y-old female with documented neuroborreliosis, who had a complete recovery after 10 d of intravenous high-dose penicillin followed after 9 months by a new episode of documented neuroborreliosis. the case probably represents a rare case of true reinfection rather than relapse. | 2008 | 18720254 |
| new concepts on erythema annulare centrifugum: a clinical reaction pattern that does not represent a specific clinicopathological entity. | erythema annulare centrifugum (eac) is considered an inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. in most textbooks it is assigned to the incoherent conglomeration of figurate or gyrate erythemas. | 2009 | 18721189 |
| [seroprevalence of lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis in workers at risk, in eastern france]. | the aim of this article was to assess the seroprevalence of lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) among occupationally exposed forest workers. | 2008 | 18722066 |
| tick bites in a lyme borreliosis highly endemic area in switzerland. | the duration of tick feeding is an important indicator to evaluate the risk of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato transmission, which increases considerably with the blood meal duration. this blood meal duration may be estimated from scutal index, the ratio between body length (idiosoma) and scutum width. for the estimation of blood meal duration in ixodes ricinus, nymphal and adult female ticks were detached at predetermined intervals (24, 48, 72, and 96h) from laboratory mice and rabbits and thei ... | 2009 | 18722157 |
| effect of borrelia burgdorferi genotype on the sensitivity of c6 and 2-tier testing in north american patients with culture-confirmed lyme disease. | a potential concern with any serologic test to detect antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi is whether the epitopes incorporated in the test provide sufficient cross-reactivity to detect infection with all of the pathogenic strains of the species. this is a particular concern for the c6 test, which is based on reactivity to a single peptide. | 2008 | 18724824 |
| borrelia burgdorferi lipoprotein bmpa activates pro-inflammatory responses in human synovial cells through a protein moiety. | borrelia burgdorferi invasion of mammalian joints results in genesis of lyme arthritis. other than spirochete lipids, existence of protein antigens, which are abundant in joints and participate in b. burgdorferi-induced host inflammatory response, is unknown. here, we report that major products of the b. burgdorferi basic membrane protein (bmp) a/b operon that are induced in murine and human joints, possess inflammatory properties. compared to the wild type b. burgdorferi, an isogenic bmpa/b mut ... | 2008 | 18725314 |
| serologic evidence of anaplasma phagocytophilum infections in patients with a history of tick bite in central slovakia. | the aim of this study was to determine the risks of human anaplasmosis in an area of central slovakia endemic for lyme borreliosis. the circulation of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks and wild animals has been observed in natural foci in this area for several years. samples of human sera from patients with lyme borreliosis and persons with a history of recent tick bite and clinical symptoms indicating lyme borreliosis were collected in central slovakia. a total of 76 human sera were analyzed u ... | 2008 | 18726669 |
| no association of seropositivity for anti-borrelia igg antibody with mental and physical complaints. | undiagnosed chronic lyme disease caused by borrelia burgdorferi is considered a differential diagnoses in medically unexplained symptoms like arthralgias, distal paresthesias, depressive symptoms, lack of concentration and fatigue. the aims of the study were to assess the association of mental and physical complaints with seropositivity for anti-borrelia igg in a general population sample. seropositivity indicated an infection with borrelia in the past. the study of health in pomerania was condu ... | 2008 | 18752103 |
| preferential protection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto by a salp15 homologue in ixodes ricinus saliva. | ixodes ticks are the main vectors for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. in the united states, b. burgdorferi is the sole causative agent of lyme borreliosis and is transmitted by ixodes scapularis. in europe, 3 borrelia species-b. burgdorferi, b. garinii, and b. afzelii-are prevalent, which are transmitted by ixodes ricinus. the i. scapularis salivary protein salp15 has been shown to bind to b. burgdorferi outer surface protein (osp) c, protecting the spirochete from antibody-mediated killing. | 2008 | 18752445 |
| rapid detection and identification of a pathogen's dna using phi29 dna polymerase. | zoonotic pathogens including those transmitted by insect vectors are some of the most deadly of all infectious diseases known to mankind. a number of these agents have been further weaponized and are widely recognized as being potentially significant biothreat agents. we describe a novel method based on multiply-primed rolling circle in vitro amplification for profiling genomic dnas to permit rapid, cultivation-free differential detection and identification of circular plasmids in infectious age ... | 2008 | 18755142 |
| tick-borne relapsing fever. | each year, many residents of and visitors to endemic regions of the western united states are exposed to the tick vectors of tick-borne relapsing fever (tbrf), ornithodoros hermsi, ornithodoros turicata, or ornithodoros parkeri. this disease is remarkable because the human host is unaware of the tick bite, usually becomes very ill, may experience an exacerbation of symptoms rather than improvement shortly after beginning appropriate treatment, and, despite often high numbers of the etiologic org ... | 2008 | 18755384 |
| [combined method for testing microflora in oral specimens]. | the integrated procedure used in a clinical laboratory to test oral specimens for the microflora, which includes microscopic and rapid cultural studies, enhances the specificity and sensitivity of detection of fungi of the genus candida as the used chromogenic selective nutrient medium allows c. albicans, c. glabrata, and c. tropocalis to be identified in the primary culture, without increase the time of giving the results of a test. the results of a test for the fungi may be quantitatively pres ... | 2008 | 18756737 |
| oms38 is the first identified pore-forming protein in the outer membrane of relapsing fever spirochetes. | relapsing fever is a worldwide, endemic disease caused by several spirochetal species belonging to the genus borrelia. during the recurring fever peaks, borreliae proliferate remarkably quickly compared to the slow dissemination of lyme disease borrelia and therefore require efficient nutrient uptake from the blood of their hosts. this study describes the identification and characterization of the first relapsing fever porin, which is present in the outer membranes of b. duttonii, b. hermsii, b. ... | 2008 | 18757545 |
| transcriptional interplay among the regulators rrp2, rpon and rpos in borrelia burgdorferi. | the rpon-rpos alternative sigma factor pathway is essential for key adaptive responses by borrelia burgdorferi, particularly those involved in the infection of a mammalian host. a putative response regulator, rrp2, is ostensibly required for activation of the rpon-dependent transcription of rpos. however, questions remain regarding the extent to which the three major constituents of this pathway (rrp2, rpon and rpos) act interdependently. to assess the functional interplay between rrp2, rpon and ... | 2008 | 18757798 |
| prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in questing adult ticks from northern spain. | a total of 691 questing adult ixodid ticks of the genera ixodes, haemaphysalis, dermacentor, and rhipicephalus were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and reverse line blot (rlb) for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, borrelia spp., and spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae. ticks were collected by blanket dragging during 2 sampling years (2003-2005) in 10 recreational areas in the basque country (northern spain). adult ticks were collected every month of the ye ... | 2008 | 18759563 |
| [recurrent ischemic strokes revealing lyme meningovascularitis]. | infectious vascularitis is an unusual cause of ischemic stroke (is). we report a case of lyme meningovascularitis complicated with multiple is. | 2009 | 18760428 |
| deletion of bba64, bba65, and bba66 loci does not alter the infectivity of borrelia burgdorferi in the murine model of lyme disease. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, alters its gene expression in response to highly disparate environmental signals encountered in its tick vector versus vertebrate hosts. whole-genome transcriptional profile analysis of b. burgdorferi, propagated in vitro under mammalian-host-specific conditions, revealed significant upregulation of several linear plasmid 54 (lp54)-encoded open reading frames (orfs). among these orfs, bba64, bba65, and bba66 have been shown to be upregul ... | 2008 | 18765733 |
| reccurent erythema migrans as a persistent infection. | effective antibiotic therapy administered early in the course of the clinical presentation of erythema migrans (em) prevents further progression of infection and dissemination of the agent to internal organs. | 2008 | 18767376 |
| lack of evidence for borrelia burgdorferi seropositivity in alzheimer disease. | | 2008 | 18769174 |
| changes in the biochemical composition of blood in chickens infected with borrelia anserina. | three-month-old chickens were inoculated intramuscularly with blood infected with borrelia anserina. the serum levels of the enzymes alkaline and acid phosphatases (alp and acp), glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (got), proteins, lipids, uric acid, blood sugar and inorganic phosphate were measure. there was a decrease of alp and increase of got levels in the infected group. the level of acp was unchanged. the spirochaetosis was also accompanied by an increase of total protein, globulin and uri ... | 1977 | 18770344 |
| the use of the indirect fluorescent antibody technique in avian spirochaetosis. | the indirect fluorescent antibody technique was used for the detection of antibodies to borrelia anserina in chicken serum. sera from immunised and convalescent chickens, following experimental infection, gave specific fluorescence, whereas no such reaction could be observed with sera of healthy chickens with no history of the disease. this technique was also used in preliminary tests of two isolates with respect to strain differences. | 1978 | 18770395 |
| cultivation of borrelia burgdorferi in dialysis membrane chambers in rat peritonea. | in order to be sustained within its enzootic cycle, b. burgdorferi must adapt to two strikingly different environments, the arthropod vector and the mammalian host. the ability to rapidly adapt to environmental changes is therefore presumed to be central to spirochete survival and pathogenic programs. indeed, it has now been well established that tick feeding initiates extensive changes in both gene expression and protein composition, collectively referred to as "host adaptation," a process that ... | 2005 | 18770553 |
| example of real-time quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (q-rt-pcr) analysis of bacterial gene expression during mammalian infection: borrelia burgdorferi in mouse tissues. | this unit provides a chronological in-depth description of all protocols needed for quantitative reverse transcription-pcr (q-rt-pcr) analysis of borrelia burgdorferi gene expression within infected mouse tissues. specifically, this unit discusses the extraction of rna from infected mouse tissues, removal of contaminating genomic dna from the purified rna, preparation of cdna and genomic dna standards, lightcycler-based pcr, and a relative quantification analysis of the cdna. q-rt-pcr as a highl ... | 2005 | 18770562 |
| laboratory maintenance of borrelia burgdorferi. | this unit describes the propagation of borrelia burgdorferi as well as other "cultivable" borrelia species in barbour-stoenner-kelly-ii (bsk-ii) medium. it supplies a detailed recipe for bsk-ii, as well as protocols for standard liquid culture, the generation of frozen borrelia stocks, and the plating of b. burgdorferi cells in solid bsk-ii medium. | 2007 | 18770608 |
| detection of borreliacidal antibodies by flow cytometry. | lyme disease is a multisystem disorder that usually begins with a skin lesion called erythema migrans and with constitutional symptoms. if the disease is left untreated or treated inappropriately, dissemination of the organism can lead to more severe sequelae, including nervous system disorders or arthritis. vaccinations with b. burgdorferi or several individual b. burgdorferi proteins induce borreliacidal antibodies that provide protection against infection by inducing a complement cascade that ... | 2004 | 18770791 |
| protein binding has a large effect on radical mediated dna damage. | oxidative dna damage is important in aging and a variety of diseases. significant advances have been made in our understanding of the chemistry of radical mediated dna damage. these studies have been carried out on dna in the absence of proteins. however, in cells dna is typically bound by proteins such as in chromatin and transiently by proteins that regulate biochemical processes. how and whether protein binding affects dna radical reactivity is not well understood. the effect of the dna bindi ... | 2008 | 18778053 |
| outer surface protein a protects lyme disease spirochetes from acquired host immunity in the tick vector. | the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi alters the expression of outer surface protein (osp) genes as the bacterium cycles between ticks and mammals. ospa is produced as borreliae enter the tick vector and remains a major surface antigen during midgut colonization. to elucidate the role of ospa in the vector, we created an insertional deletion of ospa in strain b31-a3. the ospa mutant infects mice when it is injected intradermally and is acquired by larval ticks fed on these mice, where ... | 2008 | 18779341 |
| significance of borrelia infection in development of dilated cardiomypathy (a pilot study). | a heart involvement known as lyme carditis (lc), a consequence of lyme borreliosis (lb), is relatively rare in contrast to the involvement of skin, joints and nervous system; it accounts for < 4% of all these patients in european countries. however, the diagnosis of the disease belongs to the most difficult challenges. while various forms of av blocks dominate in the usa as confirmed by the literature, there is a clear predominance of arrhythmias of various incidence in the czech republic. the a ... | 2007 | 18780646 |
| borrelia burgdorferi genotype predicts the capacity for hematogenous dissemination during early lyme disease. | lyme disease, the most common tickborne disease in the united states, is caused exclusively by borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in north america. the present study evaluated the genotypes of >400 clinical isolates of b. burgdorferi recovered from patients from suburban new york city with early lyme disease associated with erythema migrans; it is the largest number of borrelial strains from north america ever to be investigated. | 2008 | 18781866 |
| the genome of borrelia recurrentis, the agent of deadly louse-borne relapsing fever, is a degraded subset of tick-borne borrelia duttonii. | in an effort to understand how a tick-borne pathogen adapts to the body louse, we sequenced and compared the genomes of the recurrent fever agents borrelia recurrentis and b. duttonii. the 1,242,163-1,574,910-bp fragmented genomes of b. recurrentis and b. duttonii contain a unique 23-kb linear plasmid. this linear plasmid exhibits a large polyt track within the promoter region of an intact variable large protein gene and a telomere resolvase that is unique to borrelia. the genome content is char ... | 2008 | 18787695 |
| spatial dynamics of lyme disease: a review. | lyme disease (ld), the most frequently reported vector-borne disease in the united states, requires that humans, infected vector ticks, and infected hosts all occur in close spatial proximity. understanding the spatial dynamics of ld requires an understanding of the spatial determinants of each of these organisms. we review the literature on spatial patterns and environmental correlates of human cases of ld and the vector ticks, ixodes scapularis in the northeastern and midwestern united states ... | 2008 | 18787920 |
| meta-analysis of coinfection and coexposure with borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ixodes ricinus-complex ticks. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, which causes granulocytic anaplasmosis, and borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, are transmitted in multiple holarctic regions by the same ixodes sp. tick vectors and maintained in sylvatic cycles with the same rodent reservoirs. coinfection of humans, domestic animals, wildlife, and ticks with both b. burgdorferi and a. phagocytophilum appears to be common, yet the pathologic mechanisms and ecology remain poorly understood compared with single-agent in ... | 2008 | 18789001 |
| neuroretinitis secondary to concurrent infection with cat scratch disease and lyme disease. | | 2009 | 18791545 |
| borrelia antibodies in children evaluated for lyme neuroborreliosis. | we wanted to elucidate the value of borrelia antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) for the diagnosis of lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb). | 2008 | 18791841 |
| behavioral and attitudes survey about lyme disease among a brazilian population in the endemic area of martha's vineyard, massachusetts. | disease prevention models have shown individuals are more likely to engage in precautionary behavior if they have confidence in their ability to identify disease symptoms and understand health risks. in immigrant populations, communicating the risks poses greater challenges since linguistic and cultural barriers may impede acceptance of the new behavior. the brazilian population on martha's vineyard, massachusetts, is at high risk for lyme disease (ld), the most common vector-borne illness in th ... | 2010 | 18792780 |
| emergence of chronic lyme arthritis: putting the breaks on cd28 costimulation. | lyme disease is a debilitating infection that is caused upon a bite of borrelia burgdorferi (bb)-infected ticks. one of the most prominent clinical manifestations is the development of chronic lyme arthritis. months after bb infection, approximately 60% of untreated lyme patients experience intermittent arthritic attacks that may last for years. the use of the cd28(-/-) mouse in bb infection has helped to shed light into the mechanisms that govern this inflammatory process, which seems to be tig ... | 2009 | 18792834 |
| production of outer surface protein a by borrelia burgdorferi during transmission from infected mammals to feeding ticks is insufficient to trigger ospa seroconversion. | the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, produces two outer surface lipoproteins, ospa and ospb, that are essential for colonization of tick vectors. both proteins are highly expressed during transmission from infected mammals to feeding ticks and during colonization of tick midguts, but are repressed when bacteria are transmitted from ticks to mammals. humans and other infected mammals generally do not produce antibodies against either protein, although some lyme disease patients do s ... | 2008 | 18793197 |
| relapsing fever borreliosis in interleukin-10-deficient mice. | relapsing fever (rf) is a spirochetal infection characterized by periods of sickness with fever at time of high bacteremia that alternate with afebrile periods of relative well being during low bacteremia. patients with epidemic rf who are doing relatively well have extraordinarily high levels of interleukin-10 (il-10) in the circulation. we investigated the possibility that il-10 plays an important protective role in this infection using wild-type and il-10-deficient mice inoculated with virule ... | 2008 | 18794280 |
| vasculitis-like syndrome associated with borrelia lusitaniae infection. | we report the isolation of borrelia lusitaniae from a 13-year-old female child presenting with a vasculitis syndrome. the patient was treated with doxycycline, 100 mg bid for 20 days, and is in remission after a follow-up of 2 years. these results should alert clinicians to the fact that b. lusitaniae may be pathogenic in humans, highlighting that patients may be seronegative or present with minimal positive antibody titres and clinical signs that are not specific for lyme borreliosis. in order ... | 2008 | 18795392 |