| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna by pcr in serum of patients with clinical symptoms of lyme borreliosis. | lyme borreliosis is a disease caused by spirochaetes belonging to the genospecies complex borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) transmitted by ixodes ticks. at present, serology remains the main diagnostic tool for laboratory diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. recently, the pcr technique has been applied for diagnosis of b. burgdorferi s.l., but, until now, a reliable, easy-to-perform and sensitive method has not been described. here we present a new pcr-based method for the detection of both b. bu ... | 2008 | 18384365 |
| pitfalls in diagnosing limbic encephalitis - a case report. | the syndrome of limbic encephalitis (le) is characterized by subacute onset of temporal lobe epilepsy, loss of short-term memory, cognitive confusion and psychiatric symptoms. | 2008 | 18384457 |
| an rnd-type efflux system in borrelia burgdorferi is involved in virulence and resistance to antimicrobial compounds. | borrelia burgdorferi is remarkable for its ability to thrive in widely different environments due to its ability to infect various organisms. in comparison to enteric gram-negative bacteria, these spirochetes have only a few transmembrane proteins some of which are thought to play a role in solute and nutrient uptake and excretion of toxic substances. here, we have identified an outer membrane protein, besc, which is part of a putative export system comprising the components besa, besb and besc. ... | 2008 | 18389081 |
| borrelia burgdorferi surface-localized proteins expressed during persistent murine infection are conserved among diverse borrelia spp. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease in the united states, regulates numerous genes encoding lipoproteins on linear plasmid 54 in response to environmental cues. we analyzed a subset of these genes/proteins that were historically categorized as paralogous gene family 54 (bba64, bba65, bba66, bba68, bba69, bba70, bba71, and bba73) and found that the expression of several genes was influenced by the sigma(n)-sigma(s) regulatory cascade at the level of transcription and protein ... | 2008 | 18390998 |
| lyme borreliosis treatment. | lyme borreliosis is the most common human tick-borne illness in the northern hemisphere. the causative agent is the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi species complex, and the hard-shell ticks of the genus ixodes is responsible for pathogen transmission from animals to humans. the incidence of the disease is increasing year by year and although lyme disease is not fatal, it can affect the skin, heart, nervous, and musculoskeletal system with an impairment of quality of life. the appropriate diagnos ... | 2008 | 18394084 |
| prevalence and diversity of lyme borreliosis bacteria in marine birds. | a potential role of seabirds in spreading lyme disease (lb) spirochetes over large spatial scales was suggested more than 10 years ago when borrelia garinii was observed in marine birds of both hemispheres. since then, there have been few studies examining the diversity of borrelia spp. circulating in seabirds, or the potential interaction between terrestrial and marine disease cycles. to explore these aspects, we tested 402 ixodes uriae ticks collected from five colonial seabird species by ampl ... | 2008 | 18394972 |
| searching for autoimmunity in "antibiotic-refractory" lyme arthritis. | in two recent articles published in molecular immunology, steere and colleagues continue their search for an autoimmune mechanism of arthritis in patients who have failed short-course antibiotic therapy for borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease. as in previous attempts, the authors fail to elucidate a molecular mimicry mechanism for the putative autoimmune process, leading to the conclusion that there is no credible scientific evidence for a post-infectious autoimmune mecha ... | 2008 | 18395260 |
| pyridine nucleotide complexes with bacillus anthracis coenzyme a-disulfide reductase: a structural analysis of dual nad(p)h specificity. | we have recently reported that coash is the major low-molecular weight thiol in bacillus anthracis [nicely, n. i. , parsonage, d., paige, c., newton, g. l., fahey, r. c., leonardi, r., jackowski, s., mallett, t. c., and claiborne, a. (2007) biochemistry 46, 3234-3245], and we have now characterized the kinetic and redox properties of the b. anthracis coenzyme a-disulfide reductase (coadr, bacoadr) and determined the crystal structure at 2.30 a resolution. while the staphylococcus aureus and borr ... | 2008 | 18399646 |
| presence of multiple variants of borrelia burgdorferi in the natural reservoir peromyscus leucopus throughout a transmission season. | white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) serve as the principal reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi and have been shown to remain infected for life. complex infections with multiple genetic variants of b. burgdorferi occur in mice through multiple exposures to infected ticks or through exposure to ticks infected with multiple variants of b. burgdorferi. using a combination of cloning and single strand conformation polymorphism (sscp), b. burgdorferi ospc variation was assessed in serial samples co ... | 2008 | 18399776 |
| the long strange trip of borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein c. | borrelia burgdorferi must adapt physiologically to two markedly different host milieus and efficiently transit between its mammalian host and arthropod vector during tick feeding. differential production of lipoproteins is essential for spirochaetes to survive, multiply and migrate within both hosts. outer-surface protein c (ospc), which is induced during the blood meal, is critical for transmission of lyme disease spirochaetes by nymphal ticks. its biological function is poorly understood, howe ... | 2008 | 18399935 |
| larvae of chigger mites neotrombicula spp. (acari: trombiculidae) exhibited borrelia but no anaplasma infections: a field study including birds from the czech carpathians as hosts of chiggers. | chigger mites were collected from 1,080 wild birds of 37 species at certak (czech republic), in the western carpathian mountains, from 29 july to 24 september 2005. the prevalence of infestation with chigger larvae was 7%. a total of 325 chigger specimens from 10 bird species was identified and three chigger species were found: neotrombicula autumnalis, n. carpathica, and n. inopinata, the latter two species being reported on new hosts. neotrombicula carpathica is reported in the czech republic ... | 2008 | 18401688 |
| infection and co-infection rates of anaplasma phagocytophilum variants, babesia spp., borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial endosymbiont in ixodes scapularis (acari: ixodidae) from sites in indiana, maine, pennsylvania, and wisconsin. | in total, 394 questing adult blacklegged ticks, ixodes scapularis say (acari: ixodidae), collected at four sites were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for five microbial species: anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia microti, babesia odocoilei, borrelia burgdorferi, and the rickettsial i. scapularis endosymbiont. identities of genetic variants of a. phagocytophilum were determined by sequencing a portion of the 16s dna. in 55% of infected ticks (193/351), a single agent was detected. in ... | 2008 | 18402145 |
| immune responses induced by spirochetal outer membrane lipoproteins and glycolipids. | the class of spirochetes comprises a wide array of clinically important pathogens, including treponema pallidum causing syphilis as well as borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease (ld). diseases caused by spirochetes are characterized by specific sequelae of host reactions, and also by characteristic antibody response patterns. over the last decades, research on the interaction of spirochetes with the host's immune system had a strong emphasis on outer membrane lipoproteins. in fact, the ... | 2008 | 18406378 |
| [ticks bite in foresters]. | the objective of the study is evalutation of the risk for ticks strings on foresters. the sample constituted by 325 foresters belong to messina province as been submitted to medical examination venous tests. whole sample had to answer to a questionnaire to consider. the prevalence of systemic and skin reactions and we have dose immunoglobulines versus brucella melitensis, rickettsie conorii e borrelia burgdorferi. the results showed that the 19% has declared past stings of tick, and 4.9% reporte ... | 2007 | 18409975 |
| [pain syndromes in tick-borne neuroborreliosis. clinical aspects and differential diagnosis.]. | tick-borne borreliosis (borrelia burgdorferi) is a common and complex disorder affecting the skin, the joints and the nervous system. it progresses through different clinical stages. the clinical spectrum of neuroborreliosis has expanded since the introduction and widespread application of specific serological tests. we have investigated 41 patients with bannwarth's meningopolyneuritis (mpn) as the classical form of neuroborreliosis, in a prospective (26 patients) and a retrospective (15 patient ... | 1987 | 18415556 |
| significantly improved accuracy of diagnosis of early lyme disease by peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the borreliacidal antibody epitope of borrelia burgdorferi ospc. | highly specific borreliacidal antibodies are induced by infection with borrelia burgdorferi, and the immunodominant response during early lyme disease is specific for an epitope within the 7 amino acids nearest the c terminus of ospc. we evaluated the ability of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) based on a synthetic peptide (ospc7) that matched the region to detect the response and compared the sensitivity during early lyme disease to that for an fda-approved western blot. when the op ... | 2008 | 18417666 |
| persistent borrelia burgdorferi infection after treatment with antibiotics and anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha. | | 2008 | 18422450 |
| population-based study of diagnostic assays for borrelia infection: comparison of purified flagella antigen assay (ideia, dako cytomation) and recombinant antigen assay (liaison, diasorin). | testing for borrelia-specific igm and igg-antibodies are often performed on a variety of poorly defined symptoms, and isolated igm results are a frequent finding, which results in diagnostic uncertainty and further testing. we wanted to test the hypothesis that borrelia-specific assays using recombinant antigens perform differently from assays based on purified flagella antigen. | 2008 | 18423001 |
| borrelia infection and risk of non-hodgkin lymphoma. | reports of the presence of borrelia burgdorferi dna in malignant lymphomas have raised the hypothesis that infection with b. burgdorferi may be causally related to non-hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) development. we conducted a danish-swedish case-control study including 3055 nhl patients and 3187 population controls. history of tick bite or borrelia infection was ascertained through structured telephone interviews and through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay serum analyses for antibodies against b. bur ... | 2008 | 18424667 |
| bactericidal action of a complement-independent antibody against relapsing fever borrelia resides in its variable region. | a single chain variable fragment (scfv) of cb515, a complement-independent bactericidal monoclonal igm against a relapsing fever borrelia, was constructed to investigate the region wherein the unique bactericidal function resides. monomeric cb515 scfv (26 kda) was capable of binding its ag on whole organisms and by immunoblot. this binding was shown to be species and serotype-specific to the 19 kda variable small protein, recognized by its parent monoclonal igm. a dose-dependent bactericidal eff ... | 2008 | 18424744 |
| erythematous pigmentation of the arm for more than ten years. | | 2008 | 18424868 |
| the tick salivary protein salp15 inhibits the killing of serum-sensitive borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, is transmitted by ticks. during transmission from the tick to the host, spirochetes are delivered with tick saliva, which contains the salivary protein salp15. salp15 has been shown to protect spirochetes against b. burgdorferi-specific antibodies. we now show that salp15 from both ixodes ricinus and ixodes scapularis protects serum-sensitive isolates of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato against complement-mediated killing. i. ricinus salp15 showed ... | 2008 | 18426890 |
| experimental and field studies on the suitability of raccoons (procyon lotor) as hosts for tick-borne pathogens. | we investigated the experimental susceptibility and natural exposure of raccoons (procyon lotor) to five tick-borne pathogens of human and veterinary importance, ehrlichia canis, e. chaffeensis, e. ewingii, anaplasma phagocytophilum (apvariant 1 and ap-ha hge-1 strains), and borrelia lonestari. infections were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr), indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) testing, and/or culture isolation methods for at least 30 days postinoculation (dpi). two e. chaffeensis-in ... | 2008 | 18429696 |
| borrelia-associated crystalline keratopathy with intracorneal detection of borrelia garinii by electron microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. | first report of a patient with borrelia-associated crystalline keratopathy with intracorneal evidence of borrelia garinii by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and electron microscopy (em). | 2008 | 18434857 |
| arthritis develops but fails to resolve during inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 in a murine model of lyme disease. | recent studies have implicated products of cyclooxygenase 2 (cox-2) in not only induction but also resolution of the inflammatory response; however, the contribution of cox-2 products to the in vivo response to infection is unknown. the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of cox-2 to temporal regulation of the inflammatory response to infection in a murine model of lyme arthritis. | 2008 | 18438879 |
| management of neuroborreliosis in european adult patients. | to survey present knowledge and controversies in european neuroborreliosis. material and | 2008 | 18439217 |
| [occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in selected ixodes ricinus populations within nadbuzański landscape park]. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks within nadbuzański landscape park (central-eastern mazovian province, poland). material and | 2007 | 18441877 |
| lyme disease in oregon. | the incidence of lyme disease in oregon is calculated from cases reported to the oregon state health division. we reviewed the exposure history of reported cases of lyme disease and performed field surveys for infected ixodes pacificus ticks. the incidence of lyme disease correlated with the distribution of infected i. pacificus ticks. | 2008 | 18448697 |
| c6-peptide serology as diagnostic tool in neuroborreliosis. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of borrelia serology (quick elisa c6 borrelia assay kit) as a diagnostic tool in cases of suspected neuroborreliosis. a retrospective patient material consisting of 124 paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples with a positive anti-borrelia antibody index (ai) using the ideia lyme neuroborreliosis test was compared with 124 ai-negative matched control subjects. the patients were divided into four groups based on presence of pleocytosis and ... | 2008 | 18452429 |
| essential protective role attributed to the surface lipoproteins of borrelia burgdorferi against innate defences. | to initiate infection, a microbial pathogen must be able to evade innate immunity. here we show that the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi depends on its surface lipoproteins for protection against innate defences. the deficiency for ospc, an abundantly expressed surface lipoprotein during early infection, led to quick clearance of b. burgdorferi after inoculation into the skin of scid mice. increasing expression of any of the four randomly chosen surface lipoproteins, ospa, ospe, vls ... | 2008 | 18452586 |
| diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease. | lyme disease is the most common tick-borne disease in the united states. this review details the risk factors, clinical presentation, treatment, and prophylaxis for the disease. information was obtained from a search of the pubmed and medline databases (keyword: lyme disease) for articles published from august 31, 1997, through september 1, 2007. approximately 20,000 cases of lyme disease are reported annually. residents of the coastal northeast, northwest california, and the great lakes region ... | 2008 | 18452688 |
| biology of infection with borrelia burgdorferi. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne obligate parasite whose normal reservoir is a variety of small mammals. although infection of these natural hosts does not lead to disease, infection of humans can result in lyme disease as a consequence of the human immunopathologic response to b burgdorferi. consistent with the pathogenesis of lyme disease, bacterial products that allow b burgdorferi to replicate and survive seem to be primarily what is required for the bacterium to cause dis ... | 2008 | 18452798 |
| erythema migrans. | erythema migrans (em) is the most common objective manifestation of lyme disease, accounting for about 90% of cases. establishing the diagnosis of em is important because appropriate treatment with oral antibiotics at an early stage of infection with borrelia burgdorferi results in excellent outcomes. this article includes a discussion of the epidemiology of em and its clinical, differential, and laboratory diagnosis. the treatment of em and the prevention of lyme disease are also discussed. | 2008 | 18452799 |
| lyme arthritis: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and management. | arthritis is one of the most prominent features of lyme disease, the tick-borne illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi. although the pathogenesis of lyme arthritis is complex and still under study, the clinical presentation and natural history have been established by long-term observation of untreated and treated patients. this review addresses the clinical presentation of lyme arthritis as a mono- or oligoarticular relapsing/remitting arthritis primarily affecting the large joints and describe ... | 2008 | 18452802 |
| lyme disease: laboratory issues. | this article describes the laboratory modalities available to confirm the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. use and limitations of these methods are discussed. current guidelines for the use of recommended serologic methods and discussion of newer methods also are provided. | 2008 | 18452803 |
| lyme disease in children. | this article reviews pediatric lyme disease in the united states. the agent of lyme disease includes three pathogenic species (borrelia burgdorferi, b afzelii, and b garinii), but only b. burgdorferi strains are found in the united states. the article's discussion is limited to the single species b burgdorferi. | 2008 | 18452804 |
| chronic lyme disease: a review. | studies have shown that most patients diagnosed with chronic lyme disease either have no objective evidence of previous or current infection with borrelia burgdorferi or are patients who should be classified as having post-lyme disease syndrome, which is defined as continuing or relapsing nonspecific symptoms (such as fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, and cognitive complaints) in a patient previously treated for lyme disease. despite extensive study, there is currently no clear evidence that post-l ... | 2008 | 18452806 |
| stari, or masters disease: lone star tick-vectored lyme-like illness. | lyme-like illness (also known as southern tick-associated rash illness [stari] or masters disease) is vectored by the lone star tick (amblyomma americanum). lyme-like illness lesions, which are similar to the erythema migrans rash of lyme disease, tend to have lymphocytic dermal infiltrates. with the exception of borrelia lonestari, the possible causative agent or agents of lyme-like illness have not been cultured. more research is needed to fully understand this newly recognized zoonosis. clini ... | 2008 | 18452807 |
| absence of transovarial transmission of borrelia duttonii, a tick-borne relapsing fever agent, by the vector tick ornithodoros moubata. | we examined the vector competence of the tick, ornithodoros moubata, using laboratory-reared gerbils as hosts. transmission of the relapsing fever agent borrelia duttonii occurred efficiently from infected ticks to uninfected gerbils and from infected gerbils to uninfected ticks. spirochetes were maintained stably in the ticks for at least 3 months, but they disappeared from the bloodstream of infected gerbils after three episodes of spirochetemia. we also examined transovarial transmission of b ... | 2008 | 18454593 |
| borrelia bissettii isolates induce pathology in a murine model of disease. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi is a tick-borne pathogen that causes lyme disease. although b. burgdorferi sensu lato is a diverse group of bacteria, only three genospecies, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, borrelia afzelii, and borrelia garinii, are known to be pathogenic and commonly recognized to cause human disease. to assess the potential of another common genospecies, borrelia bissettii, to induce disease, a mouse model was employed. two colorado isolates of b. bissettii (co-bb) induced l ... | 2008 | 18454594 |
| molecular and serological evidence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in wild rodents in the czech republic. | the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and spatial distribution of the borrelia species in wild rodents in the czech republic. in total, 293 muscle tissue samples and 106 sera from 293 wild rodents captured in north bohemia and north-east and south moravia were examined for the presence of borrelia spp. and antibodies. muscle samples were investigated with real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with a reca primer set, with dna quantification and melting curve analysis, an ... | 2008 | 18454596 |
| detection of borrelia lusitaniae, rickettsia sp. irs3, rickettsia monacensis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus collected in madeira island, portugal. | a total of 300 ixodes ricinus ticks were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of borrelia spp., rickettsia spp., and anaplasma phagocytophilum. sequence analysis demonstrated 8 (2.7%) ticks infected with b. lusitaniae, 60 (20%) with rickettsia spp., and 1 (0.3%) with a. phagocytophilum. seven (2.3%) ticks were coinfected with b. lusitaniae and rickettsia spp., 2 (0.6%) with r. monacensis, and 5 (1.7%) with rickettsia sp. irs3. the results of this study suggest simultaneous ... | 2008 | 18454598 |
| a doxycycline hyclate rodent bait formulation for prophylaxis and treatment of tick-transmitted borrelia burgdorferi. | the prophylactic and curative potential of doxycycline hyclate formulated in a rodent bait at concentrations of 250 and 500 mg/kg was evaluated in a murine model of lyme borreliosis. both bait formulations prevented tick-transmitted borrelia burgdorferi infection in 100% of c3h/hej mice (n = 16), as well as cured acute, established infection in mice (n = 8) exposed to bait for 14 days. spirochete infection was cleared in 88.9% to 100% of infected nymphs feeding on mice fed 250 and 500 mg/kg anti ... | 2008 | 18458316 |
| the propensity of different borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto genotypes to cause disseminated infections in humans. | lineages of borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterium that causes lyme disease, can be characterized by distinct alleles at the outer surface protein c (ospc) locus. the lineages marked by ospc genotypes have been shown to be differentially invasive in different species of mammals, including humans; genotypes a, b, i, and k effectively disseminate to human blood and cerebrospinal fluid. in this report, we extend the sample of genotypes isolated from human blood to include genotypes n, h, c, m, and d, ... | 2008 | 18458317 |
| validation of an in-clinic enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses. | confirmation of borrelia burgdorferi infection in horses has required enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) or western blot tests performed by reference laboratories. an in-clinic c6 elisa snap kit has been marketed for dogs. this canine kit was evaluated for horses using serum from experimentally infected ponies. serum samples originated from 2 previous studies. in the first study, 7 ponies were exposed to b. burgdorferi-infected ticks; 4 ponies served as uninfected controls. serum samples ... | 2008 | 18460618 |
| the basic reproduction number for complex disease systems: defining r(0) for tick-borne infections. | characterizing the basic reproduction number, r(0), for many wildlife disease systems can seem a complex problem because several species are involved, because there are different epidemiological reactions to the infectious agent at different life-history stages, or because there are multiple transmission routes. tick-borne diseases are an important example where all these complexities are brought together as a result of the peculiarities of the tick life cycle and the multiple transmission route ... | 2008 | 18462128 |
| detection of spirochaetal microorganisms by focus floating microscopy in necrobiosis lipoidica in patients from central europe. | necrobiosis lipoidica (nl) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with unknown aetiology. the aim was to determine the presence of spirochaetal microorganisms in nl. | 2008 | 18462358 |
| gene expression profiling provides insights into the pathways involved in inflammatory arthritis development: murine model of lyme disease. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, causes severe subacute arthritis in susceptible inbred mouse strains, such as c3h/hen, but only mild arthritis in resistant strains such as c57bl/6. the degree of lyme arthritis severity is controlled in part by host genetics and several quantitative trait loci have been identified which contribute to this regulation. in addition, the anti-inflammatory cytokine il-10 assumes an important role in the control of arthritis in ... | 2008 | 18462718 |
| borreliosis: recent research, diagnosis, and management. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is a tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. the disease covers a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations affecting the skin, nervous and musculoskeletal systems, the heart, and the eyes. the diagnosis must be based on clinical suspicion and on symptoms and signs observed during a thorough interview and examination of the patient. laboratory results either support or oppose the conclusions that are drawn from history and clinical exam ... | 2008 | 18465449 |
| [lyme carditis presenting as acute coronary syndrome: a case report]. | a case of a 26-year-old man with lyme carditis (lc) mimicking acute coronary syndrome is presented. considering clinical presentation, electrocardiographic findings and markedly elevated levels of cardiac biomarkers, emergency coronary angiography was performed and revealed normal coronaries. ventricular arrhythmias of lown grade ivb during catheterization were recorded. echocardiography showed mild global left ventricular dysfunction with ejection fraction of 50%. the diagnosis of lc was confir ... | 2008 | 18473271 |
| a genome-wide proteome array reveals a limited set of immunogens in natural infections of humans and white-footed mice with borrelia burgdorferi. | humans and other animals with lyme borreliosis produce antibodies to a number of components of the agent borrelia burgdorferi, but a full accounting of the immunogens during natural infections has not been achieved. employing a protein array produced in vitro from 1,292 dna fragments representing approximately 80% of the genome, we compared the antibody reactivities of sera from patients with early or later lyme borreliosis to the antibody reactivities of sera from controls. overall, approximate ... | 2008 | 18474646 |
| verification and dissection of the ospc operator by using flab promoter as a reporter in borrelia burgdorferi. | the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi must repress expression of outer surface protein c (ospc) to effectively evade specific humoral immunity and to establish persistent infection. this ability largely relies upon a regulatory element, the only operator that has been reported in spirochetal bacteria. immediately upstream of the ospc promoter, two sets of inverted repeats (irs) constitute small and large palindromes, in which the right ir of the large palindrome contains the left ir o ... | 2008 | 18479884 |
| [lyme borreliosis in adults]. | lyme borreliosis is a multisystem: tick-borne infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. we present a survey of clinical stages, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of lyme borreliosis in adults. | 2008 | 18480867 |
| multiple cranial nerve involvement in bannwarth's syndrome. | bannwarth's syndrome is a tick-transmitted neurological disease caused by spirochetes of the borrelia burgdorferi group. neurological manifestations of the disease occur after skin erythema and include: neuritic pain, lymphocytic pleocytosis without headache and sometimes cranial neuritis. we present the case of a man who complained of a neurological syndrome without evidence of tick bite and concurrent manifestation of the infection, for whom serological analysis only revealed the infection aft ... | 2008 | 18483708 |
| possible role of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in lichen sclerosus. | to assess the evidence for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in patients with lichen sclerosus by focus-floating microscopy. | 2008 | 18490585 |
| focus-floating microscopy for detecting borrelia species in tissue sections: back to basics. | | 2008 | 18490595 |
| symmetrical reddish swelling of the eyebrows in a 12-year-old girl. | | 2008 | 18490599 |
| the unique glycoside hydrolase family 77 amylomaltase from borrelia burgdorferi with only catalytic triad conserved. | glycoside hydrolase family 77 (gh77) contains prokaryotic amylomaltases and plant-disproportionating enzymes (both possessing the 4-alpha-glucanotransferase activity; ec 2.4.1.25). together with gh13 and gh70, it forms the clan gh-h, known as the alpha-amylase family. bioinformatics analysis revealed that the putative gh77 amylomaltase (malq) from the lyme disease spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi genome (bb0166) contains several amino acid substitutions in the positions that are important and co ... | 2008 | 18494783 |
| molecular diagnosis of a bilateral panuveitis due to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by cerebral spinal fluid analysis. | the present paper describes a case of bilateral panuveitis due to borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato diagnosed by a pcr approach using cerebral spinal fluid. since the culture of b. burgdorferi takes a long time to grow and the accuracy of serological tests is doubtful in patients, the pcr method of amplifying a b. burgdorferi flagellin could be suitable to make a positive diagnosis in a case of atypical clinical history of lyme disease. | 2008 | 18503173 |
| cloning and expression of recombinant flagellar protein flab from borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme borreliosis is an arthropod transmitted infection caused by some species of the borrelia genus. current diagnosis employs serological testing and detection of borrelia-specific antibodies. using recombinant borrelia burgdorferi antigens may improve assay specificity and sensitivity. one of the immunodominant borrelia antigens that elicit a strong and early immune response is flab, making it appropriate for recombinant protein based serological diagnostic tests. | 2007 | 18504936 |
| assessment of decorin-binding protein a to the infectivity of borrelia burgdorferi in the murine models of needle and tick infection. | decorin-binding proteins (dbps) a and b of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, are surface-exposed lipoproteins that presumably bind to the extracellular matrix proteoglycan, decorin. b. burgdorferi infects various tissues including the bladder, heart, joints, skin and the central nervous system, and the ability of b. burgdorferi to bind decorin has been hypothesized to be important for this disseminatory pathogenic strategy. | 2008 | 18507835 |
| cardiac implications of lyme disease, diagnosis and therapeutic approach. | lyme is a tick-borne disease. the genetic diversity of borreliae its distribution worldwide and its epidemiology have been related to different clinical manifestations. carditis is a rare manifestation of lyme disease. the commonest abnormality is atrioventricular block of various degrees, though other rhythm abnormalities have been reported. pericarditis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy and degenerative valvular disease have been associated with b. burgdorferi. temporary pacing might be required in ... | 2008 | 18508142 |
| overview: ticks as vectors of pathogens that cause disease in humans and animals. | ticks (acari: ixodidae) transmit a wide variety of pathogens to vertebrates including viruses, bacteria, protozoa and helminthes. tick-borne pathogens are believed to be responsible for more than 100,000 cases of illness in humans throughout the world. ticks are considered to be second worldwide to mosquitoes as vectors of human diseases, but they are the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals. infection and development of pathogens in both tick and vert ... | 2008 | 18508706 |
| targeting the tick-pathogen interface for novel control strategies. | ticks are ectoparasites of wild and domestic animals and humans that most notably impact global health by transmitting disease-causing pathogens. while information on the molecular interactions between ticks and pathogens that facilitate pathogen infection, development and transmission is limited, a comprehensive understanding of the tick-pathogen interface would be fundamental toward development of new and novel measures for control of both tick infestations and tick-borne pathogens. recently, ... | 2008 | 18508707 |
| tick-borne lymphadenopathy: a new infectious disease in children. | to describe the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of patients with tick-borne lymphadenopathy (tibola). | 2008 | 18520970 |
| [mesangioproliferative iga-nephritis in a patient with lyme borreliosis]. | | 2008 | 18522356 |
| role of il-17, transforming growth factor-beta, and il-6 in the development of arthritis and production of anti-outer surface protein a borreliacidal antibodies in borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice. | we showed recently that the adaptive immune events leading to the development of arthritis in borrelia burgdorferi isolate 297-vaccinated and borrelia bissettii-challenged mice involve il-17. here, we show in borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice that two cytokines known to induce the production of il-17, il-6 and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta, are also involved in the development of arthritis. vaccinated and challenged mice administered either anti-tgf-beta or anti-il-6 antibodies de ... | 2008 | 18522647 |
| neurogenic exacerbation of microglial and astrocyte responses to neisseria meningitidis and borrelia burgdorferi. | although glial cells are recognized for their roles in maintaining neuronal function, there is growing appreciation of the ability of resident cns cells to initiate and/or augment inflammation following trauma or infection. the tachykinin, substance p (sp), is well known to augment inflammatory responses at peripheral sites and its presence throughout the cns raises the possibility that this neuropeptide might serve a similar function within the brain. in support of this hypothesis, we have rece ... | 2008 | 18523290 |
| pattern of proinflammatory cytokine induction in raw264.7 mouse macrophages is identical for virulent and attenuated borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme disease pathogenesis results from a complex interaction between borrelia burgdorferi and the host immune system. the intensity and nature of the inflammatory response of host immune cells to b. burgdorferi may be a determining factor in disease progression. gene array analysis was used to examine the expression of genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, and related factors in the joint tissue of infected c3h/hej mice and in a murine macrophage-like cell line in response to a disseminating or ... | 2008 | 18523297 |
| prospective study of serologic tests for lyme disease. | tests to determine serum antibody levels-the 2-tier sonicate immunoglobulin m (igm) and immunoglobulin g (igg) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and western blot method or the igg of the variable major protein-like sequence-expressed (vlse) sixth invariant region (c6) peptide elisa method-are the major tests available for support of the diagnosis of lyme disease. however, these tests have not been assessed prospectively. | 2008 | 18532885 |
| editorial commentary: laboratory testing for lyme disease: time for a change? | | 2008 | 18532894 |
| temporal variations in the usefulness of normalized difference vegetation index as a predictor for ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in a borrelia lusitaniae focus in tuscany, central italy. | host-seeking ticks were collected during monthly dragging sessions from november 2004 through october 2006 in tuscany, central italy. normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi), which was calculated from landsat etm+ 7 remote sensing data recorded in august 2001, was significantly correlated with numbers of host-seeking immature ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae) during periods of relatively low rainfall such as summer 2005 (spearman's p = 0.78, p < 0.001 for nymphs in july) and to a lower e ... | 2008 | 18533451 |
| [activity of the caspase-3 in the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with borrelia burgdorferi antigens]. | to investigate whether the decreased rate of apoptosis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells occurs in patients with chronic lyme arthritis (la), which could contribute to persistent inflammation in those patients. | 2008 | 18536229 |
| [diagnostics and treatment of lyme borreliosis. recommendations of polish society of epidemiology and infectious diseases]. | | 2008 | 18536243 |
| improved laboratory diagnostics of lyme neuroborreliosis in children by detection of antibodies to new antigens in cerebrospinal fluid. | laboratory diagnostics in lyme neuroborreliosis need improvement. we hereby investigate 4 new recombinant or peptide borrelia antigens in cerebrospinal fluid in children with neuroborreliosis to evaluate their performance as diagnostic antigens. | 2008 | 18536620 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto is clonal in patients with early lyme borreliosis. | lyme borreliosis, the most commonly reported vector-borne disease in north america, is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. given the extensive genetic polymorphism of b. burgdorferi, elucidation of the population genetic structure of the bacterium in clinical samples may be relevant for understanding disease pathogenesis and may have applicability for the development of diagnostic tests and vaccine preparations. in this investigation, the genetic polymorphism of the 16s-23s rrna (rrs- ... | 2008 | 18539816 |
| pseudoclonality in cutaneous pseudolymphomas: a pitfall in interpretation of rearrangement studies. | pseudoclonality is a well-known problem in the interpretation of rearrangement studies of lymph node biopsies. recently, pseudoclonality has been demonstrated in skin lesions of borreliosis. studies on pseudoclonality in cutaneous pseudolymphomas are lacking but pseudoclones may pose a risk for overinterpretation of such lesions as cutaneous lymphoma. | 2008 | 18547309 |
| borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, francisella tularensis and their co-infections in host-seeking ixodes ricinus ticks collected in serbia. | to evaluate the prevalence rate of tick-borne bacterial pathogens, unfed adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from vegetation in 2001, 2003, and 2004 at 18 localities throughout serbia. a total of 287 ticks were examined by pcr technique for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and francisella tularensis. the highest prevalence rate was that for b. burgdorferi sensu lato (42.5%), followed by a. phagocytophilum (13.9%) and f. tularensis (3.8%). the pres ... | 2008 | 18551370 |
| [occurrence of borrelia spp. in culture of embryonic cells of the tick boophilus microplus (acari: ixodidae) in the state of the mato grosso do sul, brazil]. | the aim of the present work was to report the occurrence of borrelia spp. in embryonic cell cultures from naturally infected boophilus microplus. seven days after the beginning of a primary culture of embryonic cells of b. microplus at 31 degrees c was noted that the cells start suffering degeneration. under examination at phase contrast microscope, the presence of prolongated microorganisms with great mobility was detected. microscopic slides of the culture supernatant, hemolymph and egg mass, ... | 2008 | 18554442 |
| comparison of pcr methods and culture for the detection of borrelia spp. in patients with erythema migrans. | the sensitivities of two pcr assays and culture were compared for the detection of borrelia spp. in skin specimens of 150 patients with typical erythema migrans. in addition, the accuracy of the methods for the identification of borrelia spp. was compared by analysing culture isolates and material obtained directly from skin biopsy specimens. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was isolated from 73 (49%) of 150 skin biopsy specimens. using a nested pcr targeting the rrf-rrl region and a pcr targetin ... | 2008 | 18558937 |
| [a tick? grab it!]. | | 2008 | 18561707 |
| search for borrelia burgdorferi in kidneys of dogs with suspected "lyme nephritis". | "lyme nephritis" is a poorly characterized condition associated with proteinuria and often fatal renal failure in dogs with serological evidence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi. | 2008 | 18564223 |
| syphilis and borreliosis during pregnancy. | syphilis and lyme borreliosis have similar etiologic, clinical, and epidemiologic characteristics. both are multisystem infectious disorders spread worldwide. their clinical course can be divided into three stages and as to spirochetal origin, antibiotic therapy is similar too. taxonomical relationship of treponema and borrelia could explain also congenital manifestations well-known in syphilis, and suggested in borreliosis. therapy of pregnant women with syphilis and lyme borreliosis should fol ... | 2008 | 18564251 |
| real-time high resolution 3d imaging of the lyme disease spirochete adhering to and escaping from the vasculature of a living host. | pathogenic spirochetes are bacteria that cause a number of emerging and re-emerging diseases worldwide, including syphilis, leptospirosis, relapsing fever, and lyme borreliosis. they navigate efficiently through dense extracellular matrix and cross the blood-brain barrier by unknown mechanisms. due to their slender morphology, spirochetes are difficult to visualize by standard light microscopy, impeding studies of their behavior in situ. we engineered a fluorescent infectious strain of borrelia ... | 2008 | 18566656 |
| oral doxycycline versus intravenous ceftriaxone for european lyme neuroborreliosis: a multicentre, non-inferiority, double-blind, randomised trial. | use of intravenous penicillin and ceftriaxone to treat lyme neuroborreliosis is well documented, although oral doxycycline could be a cost-effective alternative. we aimed to compare the efficacy of oral doxycycline with intravenous ceftriaxone for the treatment of lyme neuroborreliosis. | 2008 | 18567539 |
| bacterial triggers and autoimmune rheumatic diseases. | autoimmune rheumatic diseases are generally considered as a multifactorial aetiology, mainly genetic susceptibility combined with environmental triggers of which bacteria are considered one of the most prominent. among the rheumatic diseases where bacterial agents are more clearly involved as triggers are: reactive arthritis (rea), rheumatic fever (rf) and lyme disease. the role of bacterial infections in inducing other seronegative spondyloarthritis and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome has be ... | 2008 | 18570749 |
| systematic analysis highlights the key role of tlr2/nf-kappab/map kinase signaling for il-8 induction by macrophage-like thp-1 cells under influence of borrelia burgdorferi lysates. | lyme borreliosis is a spirochetal infection caused by the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex that can proceed towards an inflammatory joint manifestation known as lyme arthritis. production of chemokines orchestrating neutrophil infiltration is supposed to be key to early arthritic pathogenesis. using pma-differentiated macrophage-like thp-1 (mthp-1) cells we identified by antibody array methodology or mrna analysis il-8, gro-alpha, nap-2, and sdf-1alpha as being among those chemokines that ... | 2008 | 18571457 |
| skim milk enhances the preservation of thawed -80 degrees c bacterial stocks. | the results from bacterial strain recovery efforts following hurricanes katrina and rita are reported. over 90% of strains frozen in 10% skim milk were recovered whereas various recovery rates were observed for glycerol-stored stocks (56% and 94% of escherichia coli, depending upon the laboratory). these observations led to a viability comparison of streptococcus pyogenes, campylobacter jejuni, borrelia burgdorferi, salmonella enterica subsp. typhimurium, pseudomonas aeruginosa and e. coli strai ... | 2008 | 18573555 |
| essential role of the response regulator rrp2 in the infectious cycle of borrelia burgdorferi. | alteration of surface lipoprotein profiles is a key strategy that the lyme disease pathogen, borrelia burgdorferi, has evolved to be maintained within its enzootic cycle between arthropods and mammals. accumulated evidence indicates that the central regulatory pathway controlling differential gene expression by b. burgdorferi is the rpon-rpos pathway (the sigma(54)-sigma(s) sigma factor cascade). it was previously shown that activation of the rpon-rpos pathway is controlled by rrp2, a two-compon ... | 2008 | 18573895 |
| mlst of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a european origin of borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme borreliosis, caused by the tick-borne bacterium borrelia burgdorferi, has become the most common vector-borne disease in north america over the last three decades. to understand the dynamics of the epizootic spread and to predict the evolutionary trajectories of b. burgdorferi, accurate information on the population structure and the evolutionary relationships of the pathogen is crucial. we, therefore, developed a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme for b. burgdorferi based on eight ch ... | 2008 | 18574151 |
| seronegative disease after inadequate therapy in lyme arthritis: comment on the article by kannian et al. | | 2008 | 18576350 |
| comparison of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi s. l. isolated from the tick ixodes scapularis in southeastern and northeastern united states. | thirty-five strains of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b. burgdorferi s. l.) were isolated from the blacklegged tick vector ixodes scapularis in south carolina, georgia, florida, and rhode island. they were characterized by pcr-restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of rrf (5s)-rrl (23s) intergenic spacer amplicons. pcr-rflp analysis indicated that the strains represented at least 3 genospecies (including a possible novel genospecies) and 4 differen ... | 2008 | 18576863 |
| results of a 10-year survey of louse-borne relapsing fever in southern ethiopia: a decline in endemicity. | | 2008 | 18577339 |
| variable exposure and immunological response to lyme disease borrelia among north atlantic seabird species. | colonial seabirds often breed in large aggregations. these individuals can be exposed to parasitism by the tick ixodes uriae, but little is known about the circulation of pathogens carried by this ectoparasite, including lyme disease borrelia. here we investigated the prevalence of antibodies (ab) against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in seabird species sampled at eight locations across the north atlantic. using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests, we found that the prevalence of anti-borr ... | 2008 | 18577503 |
| interleukin-23 is required for development of arthritis in mice vaccinated and challenged with borrelia species. | we recently hypothesized that t helper 17 (th17) cells and their associated cytokines are involved in the development of arthritis following infection with borrelia burgdorferi. here, we show that interleukin-23 (il-23), a survival factor for th17 cells, is required for the induction of arthritis in mice vaccinated with b. burgdorferi strain 297 and challenged with "borrelia bissettii." when borrelia-vaccinated and -challenged mice were given antibodies to the p19 subunit of il-23, they failed t ... | 2008 | 18579699 |
| southern tick-associated rash illness: erythema migrans is not always lyme disease. | southern tick-associated rash illness (stari) is a rash occurring after a tick bite. it is a form of erythema migrans, an annular rash with central clearing that is almost identical with the erythema migrans seen in lyme disease. the etiologic agent is not known but may be a borrelia species. the tick vector is different in the two diseases. serious systemic complications are not currently recognized with stari but treatment with doxycycline is prudent. differentiating stari from lyme disease is ... | 2008 | 18580719 |
| an eight-year-old girl with probable lyme disease in hong kong. | an eight-year-old girl presented with acute cerebellar syndrome and meningitis. lumbar puncture showed elevated pressure. examination of the cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytosis, raised protein and decreased glucose. she was initially treated with acyclovir and antituberculosis drugs with partial response. subsequently, the antibody assay for borrelia burgdorferi was positive and the antimicrobial regime was changed to ceftriaxone. she made a full recovery with no neurological deficit. a pro ... | 2008 | 18581005 |
| serological evidence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in horses and cattle from poland and diagnostic problems of lyme borreliosis. | in the course of epizootological research on lyme borreliosis in animals, the serological evidence of this zoonosis in horses and cattle from different voivodships of poland was screened. we also discussed some diagnostic problems of lyme borreliosis resulting from, in addition to other factors, genetic and geographical heterogeneity isolates b. burgdorferi s.l. used as antigens. using elisa from 395 sera of horses the total mean seroprevalence for anti-borrelia igg antibodies 25.6% was observed ... | 2008 | 18581977 |
| seroprevalence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in dogs and horses in turkey. | the aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in a population of turkish dogs and horses, as well as to compare the sensitivity of novel flow-cytometry-based borreliacidal antibody test (bat) with elisa assay. serum samples collected from 400 dogs and 300 horses were tested with enzyme-linked protein a/g assay (elpaga), using borrelia whole cell antigens. elpaga test showed 93 dogs (23.2%) and 18 horses (6%) serologically positive for anti-borre ... | 2008 | 18581984 |
| genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in patients with erythema migrans. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) complex, the etiological factor of lyme disease, includes over a dozen species of bacteria and 3 pathogenic within it. according to many authors, the clinical symptoms of borreliosis depend on the species that cause the disease. the most frequent symptom of early localized borreliosis is erythema migrans (em). the aim of the research was to determine species of b. burgdorferi s.l. in 32 patients from the western pomerania region in whom em has been recogniz ... | 2008 | 18581997 |