| residual brain infection in murine relapsing fever borreliosis can be successfully treated with ceftriaxone. | like several other spirochetes, relapsing fever borrelia can cause persistent infection of the central nervous system (cns). by treating mice harboring residual borrelia duttonii brain infection with the bacteriocidal, cell wall inhibiting antibiotic ceftriaxone, bacteria were cleared from the brain. this shows that the residual infection is not latent but actively growing. | 2008 | 18083325 |
| viable borrelia burgdorferi enhances interleukin-10 production and suppresses activation of murine macrophages. | although it is capable of eliciting strong innate and adaptive immune responses, borrelia burgdorferi often evades immune clearance through largely unknown mechanisms. our previous studies determined that infected interlukin-10-/- (il-10-/-) mice show significantly lower b. burgdorferi levels than wild-type (b6) mice and that il-10 inhibits innate immune responses critical for controlling b. burgdorferi infection. to determine whether virulent b. burgdorferi preferentially enhances il-10 product ... | 2008 | 18086805 |
| first molecular detection of borrelia afzelii in clinical samples in korea. | borrelia afzelii nucleic acids were detected in the sera of febrile disease patients by a nested pcr that targeted the rrf (5s)-rrl (23s) spacer of b. burgdorferi sensu lato. the b. afzelii-specific dna fragment was detected in 8 out of 283 sera which were proven to have immunoglobulin g or m antibodies against b. burgdorferi antigens through ifa. the results were further confirmed through restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing analysis of the dna fragments. the results indicate ... | 2007 | 18094538 |
| the pathogenesis of lyme neuroborreliosis: from infection to inflammation. | this review describes the current knowledge of the pathogenesis of acute lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb), from invasion to inflammation of the central nervous system. borrelia burgdorferi (b.b.) enters the host through a tick bite on the skin and may disseminate from there to secondary organs, including the central nervous system. to achieve this, b.b. first has to evade the hostile immune system. in a second step, the borrelia have to reach the central nervous system and cross the blood-brain barri ... | 2008 | 18097481 |
| a study of borrelia anserina infection (spirochetosis) in turkeys. | | 1949 | 18113427 |
| studies of human body lice, pediculus humanus corporis; a method for feeding lice through a membrane and experimental infection with rickettsia prowazeki, r. mooseri, and borrelia novyi. | | 1949 | 18142313 |
| the anti-borrelia effect of borrelidin. | | 1949 | 18150150 |
| [heterogeneity of the gene p83/100 of borrelia borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex]. | the 35 full-length borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex a83/100 gene nucleotide sequences were determined. high level of homology was observed in the nucleotide sequences corresponding to the strains and isolates of borrelia fzelii. the analysis of the nucleotide sequences revealed two groups of borrelia garinii. the most variable p83/100 gene region containing species-typical insertions and deletions was demonstrated to be included into the region where the antigenic determinants of protein ... | 2007 | 18154079 |
| blackbirds and song thrushes constitute a key reservoir of borrelia garinii, the causative agent of borreliosis in central europe. | blackbirds (turdus merula) and song thrushes (turdus philomelos) were found to carry 95% of all spirochete-infected tick larvae among 40 bird species captured in central europe. more than 90% of the infections were typed as borrelia garinii and borrelia valaisiana. we conclude that thrushes are key players in the maintenance of these spirochete species in this region of central europe. | 2008 | 18156328 |
| borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 2 (cspz) as a serological marker of human lyme disease. | serological diagnosis of lyme disease may be complicated by antigenic differences between infecting organisms and those used as test references. accordingly, it would be helpful to include antigens whose sequences are well conserved by a broad range of lyme disease spirochetes. in the present study, line blot analyses were performed using recombinant complement regulator-acquiring surface protein 2 (bbcrasp-2) from borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strain b31 and serum samples from human lyme d ... | 2008 | 18160620 |
| borrelia burgdorferi complement regulator-acquiring surface proteins (bbcrasps): expression patterns during the mammal-tick infection cycle. | host complement is widely distributed throughout mammalian body fluids and can be activated immediately as part of the first line of defense against invading pathogens. the agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), is naturally resistant to that innate immune defense system of its hosts. one resistance mechanism appears to involve binding fluid-phase regulators of complement to distinct borrelial outer surface molecules known as crasps (complement regulator acquiring surface ... | 2008 | 18165150 |
| case report: borrelia valaisiana infection in a japanese man associated with traveling to foreign countries. | a 78-year-old japanese man who had clinical symptoms and a flu-like illness with fever, chills, diarrhea, and arthralgia had traveled to cambodia and khabarovsk, russia, before the onset of symptoms and illness. he had been bitten by an ixodes persulcatus tick in which the dna of borrelia valaisiana was detected. the patient's symptoms improved rapidly after treatment with minocycline. serologic examination detected antibodies to lyme disease borrelia. an flab polymerase chain reaction with the ... | 2007 | 18165534 |
| borrelia burgdorferi basic membrane proteins a and b participate in the genesis of lyme arthritis. | lyme arthritis results from colonization of joints by borrelia burgdorferi and the ensuing host response. using gene array-based differential analysis of b. burgdorferi gene expression and quantitative reverse trancription-polymerase chain reaction, we identified two paralogous spirochete genes, bmpa and bmpb, that are preferentially up-regulated in mouse joints compared with other organs. transfer of affinity-purified antibodies against either bmpa or bmpb into b. burgdorferi-infected mice sele ... | 2008 | 18166585 |
| rickettsia amblyommii infecting amblyomma americanum larvae. | polymerase chain reaction analysis of amblyomma americanum adults, nymphs, and larvae from aberdeen proving ground, md (apg), revealed a very high prevalence of a spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) and sequence analysis identified "rickettsia amblyommii." this organism is not yet described or well studied, and its pathogenicity is unknown; however, investigations of the organism are warranted because of its high prevalence in a. americanum. this ... | 2008 | 18171102 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with rickettsia, borrelia, and a flavivirus. | ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligately intracellular bacteria that multiply within vacuoles of their host cells and are associated for a part of their life cycle with ticks, which serve as vectors for vertebrate hosts. two morphologically and physiologically different ehrlichial cell types, reticulate cells (rc) and dense-cored cells (dc), are observed during experimental infection of cell cultures, mice, and ticks. dense-cored cells and reticulate cells in vertebrate cell lines alternate ... | 2007 | 18171109 |
| higher mrna levels of chemokines and cytokines associated with macrophage activation in erythema migrans skin lesions in patients from the united states than in patients from austria with lyme borreliosis. | erythema migrans (em) is caused primarily by borrelia afzelii in europe and solely by borrelia burgdorferi in the united states. b. burgdorferi infection in the united states has previously been associated with faster expansion of em lesions and with more associated symptoms, compared with b. afzelii infection in europe. however, reasons for these differences are not yet known. | 2008 | 18171218 |
| a differential role for bb0365 in the persistence of borrelia burgdorferi in mice and ticks. | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, persists in both an arthropod vector and vertebrate hosts, usually wild rodents. analysis of the b. burgdorferi transcriptome in vivo indicates that the bb0365 gene is markedly induced as spirochetes enter the feeding ticks from infected mice. to understand the importance of the bb0365 gene product in the spirochete life cycle, we inactivated this gene in an infectious isolate of b. burgdorferi b31. bb0365-deficient spirochetes were full ... | 2008 | 18171298 |
| analysis of the determinants of bba64 (p35) gene expression in borrelia burgdorferi using a gfp reporter. | the bba64 (p35) gene of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, encodes a surface-exposed lipoprotein. the expression of bba64 in vitro is tightly regulated and dependent on several environmental factors. in nature, its expression is induced in the tick vector during feeding and maintained during infection of the vertebrate host. the pattern of expression of bba64 suggests that it imparts a critical function to the pathogen. a previous study has shown that the expression of bba64 is dow ... | 2008 | 18174146 |
| lyme disease presenting as ruptured synovial cysts. | | 2007 | 18176154 |
| anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha activation of borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes in antibiotic-treated murine lyme borreliosis: an unproven conclusion. | | 2007 | 18190269 |
| anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment for lyme borreliosis. | | 2007 | 18190271 |
| distantly related lipocalins share two conserved clusters of hydrophobic residues: use in homology modeling. | lipocalins are widely distributed in nature and are found in bacteria, plants, arthropoda and vertebra. in hematophagous arthropods, they are implicated in the successful accomplishment of the blood meal, interfering with platelet aggregation, blood coagulation and inflammation and in the transmission of disease parasites such as trypanosoma cruzi and borrelia burgdorferi. the pairwise sequence identity is low among this family, often below 30%, despite a well conserved tertiary structure. under ... | 2008 | 18190694 |
| searching for borrelial t cell epitopes associated with antibiotic-refractory lyme arthritis. | antibiotic-refractory lyme arthritis is believed to result from an infection-induced autoimmune response triggered by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi (bb). disease susceptibility is associated with the hla alleles drb1*0101, 0401, 0402, 0404, 0405 and drb5*0101, and all these mhc molecules bind the bb epitope ospa(163-175.) however, not all patients have a proliferative response to this epitope. to identify other possible bb epitopes involved in this disease process, the algorithm tepitope w ... | 2008 | 18191206 |
| borrelia burgdorferi uniquely regulates its motility genes and has an intricate flagellar hook-basal body structure. | borrelia burgdorferi is a flat-wave, motile spirochete that causes lyme disease. motility is provided by periplasmic flagella (pfs) located between the cell cylinder and an outer membrane sheath. the structure of these pfs, which are composed of a basal body, a hook, and a filament, is similar to the structure of flagella of other bacteria. to determine if hook formation influences flagellin gene transcription in b. burgdorferi, we inactivated the hook structural gene flge by targeted mutagenesi ... | 2008 | 18192386 |
| lyme disease. | we now have more than 30 years of solid, scientific research about lyme disease, a relatively common, vector-borne illness in parts of the united states and of europe. although there is still widespread misunderstanding of and misinformation about the disease among the lay public, its clinical manifestations as well as how to diagnose and to treat it are now well understood. in the vast majority of cases simple treatment with a relatively short course of orally administered antimicrobials result ... | 2008 | 18193666 |
| both decorin-binding proteins a and b are critical for the overall virulence of borrelia burgdorferi. | both decorin-binding proteins (dbpa and dbpb) of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi bind decorin and glycosaminoglycans, two important building blocks of proteoglycans that are abundantly found in the extracellular matrix (ecm) and connective tissues as well as on cell surfaces of mammals. as an extracellular pathogen, b. burgdorferi resides primarily in the ecm and connective tissues and between host cells during mammalian infection. the interactions of b. burgdorferi with these h ... | 2008 | 18195034 |
| borrelia burgdorferi vlse antigen for the serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. | in this study, raising and development of antibody response to borrelia burgdorferi infection in 66 italian patients suffering from culture-confirmed lyme borreliosis erythema migrans (em) was investigated. sixty-two of 66 cultures obtained from biopsies were identified as b. afzelii by pcr. a total of 175 serially collected serum samples were tested by using two different sets of commercial assays: enzygnost lyme link vlse/igg and enzygnost borreliosis igm (dade behring, marburg, germany) and l ... | 2008 | 18197445 |
| effect of electronic laboratory reporting on the burden of lyme disease surveillance--new jersey, 2001-2006. | lyme disease (ld) is a vector-borne illness caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted in the united states by blacklegged ticks (ixodes spp.). ld is most commonly found in the northeastern, mid-atlantic, and north-central regions of the united states. in 2005, new jersey reported 38.6 ld cases per 100,000 population, the third-highest incidence in the united states after delaware and connecticut. since 1980, new jersey has mandated that health-care providers and clinical labo ... | 2008 | 18199968 |
| multiple erythema migrans--manifestation of systemic cutaneous borreliosis. | erythema migrans is the clinical hallmark lesion of a stage i infection with borrelia burgdorferi. multifocal lesions are rarely observed in europe and thus may be missed, in particular when the typical clinical appearance of the pronounced advancing margin is missing. we present three patients with such a clinical appearance which caused differential diagnostic problems. multiple erythema migrans represent an early stage of systemic infection. thus early diagnosis and rapid initiation of therap ... | 2008 | 18201222 |
| canalicular magnetic stimulation lacks specificity to differentiate idiopathic facial palsy from borreliosis in children. | to investigate the role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (tms) to differentiate between idiopathic facial nerve palsy (ifnp) and facial nerve palsy due to borreliosis (bfnp). | 2008 | 18206409 |
| evaluation of a modified culture medium for borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | the aim of the present study was to assess the possible use of a modified medium, prepared in the laboratory using the constituents of barbour-stonner-kelly (bsk) medium and medium 199 as base, for the culture of borrelia strains, comparing the growth of individual strains in this medium and in the bsk-h medium, and the protein profile and antigenic characteristics of borrelia proteins expressed in these media. a qualitative evaluation of growth of borrelia species was made with acceptable resul ... | 2007 | 18209941 |
| zoonotic pathogens in ixodes scapularis, michigan. | | 2007 | 18214207 |
| an appraisal of "chronic lyme disease". | | 2008 | 18216368 |
| immunoblot analysis of the seroreactivity to recombinant borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato antigens, including vlse, in the long-term course of treated patients with erythema migrans. | we evaluated whether immunoblotting is capable of substantiating the posttreatment clinical assessment of patients with erythema migrans (em), the hallmark of early lyme borreliosis. | 2008 | 18216470 |
| concentration of tgf-beta1 in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures from patients with early disseminated and chronic lyme borreliosis. | the aberrant inflammatory response is probably involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lyme borreliosis, including chronic lyme arthritis and neuroborreliosis. transforming growth factor-beta 1 (tgf-beta1) is an important anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine and its deficient synthesis is linked to exaggerated inflammation and immune response. | 2007 | 18217413 |
| lyme disease in urban areas, chicago. | | 2007 | 18217578 |
| an appraisal of "chronic lyme disease". | | 2008 | 18219748 |
| an appraisal of "chronic lyme disease". | | 2008 | 18219749 |
| an appraisal of "chronic lyme disease". | | 2008 | 18219750 |
| an appraisal of "chronic lyme disease". | | 2008 | 18219751 |
| an appraisal of "chronic lyme disease". | | 2008 | 18219752 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in erythema migrans patients. | determination of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi has supporting value in the diagnose of lyme disease. the purpose of this study was to determine the production of antibodies in a defined group of patients. | 2007 | 18225477 |
| pharmacodynamics of doxycycline for chemoprophylaxis of lyme disease: preliminary findings and possible implications for other antimicrobials. | the purpose of this study was to begin to characterise the pharmacodynamic parameters of single-dose doxycycline for the prevention of lyme disease following a tick bite. based on limited data from published human and murine studies, it was found that there is a direct correlation between efficacy rate and the area under the time-concentration of free antibiotic curve divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (fauc/mic) (r(2)=0.74, using pearson correlation), but not the maximum concentrat ... | 2008 | 18226504 |
| myd88 negatively controls hypergammaglobulinemia with autoantibody production during bacterial infection. | a large body of evidence has convincingly shown that toll-like receptors are necessary sensors for infections with pathogens, but their activation was also suggested to generate autoimmunity. during experimental infections, the lack of these sensors or of their signaling molecules should lead to a deficient immune response. we found out that myd88, the major adaptor of the toll/interleukin-1 (toll/il-1) receptor signaling pathway, can actually act as a negative regulator of b-cell function in so ... | 2008 | 18227170 |
| interannual dynamics of antibody levels in naturally infected long-lived colonial birds. | little is known about the long-term persistence of specific antibodies (ab) in natural host-parasite systems despite its potential epidemiological and ecological importance. in long-lived species, knowledge of the dynamics of individual immunological profiles can be important not only for interpreting serology results, but also for assessing transmission dynamics and the potential selective pressures acting on parasites. the aim of this paper was to investigate temporal variation in levels of sp ... | 2007 | 18229852 |
| role of migratory birds in introduction and range expansion of ixodes scapularis ticks and of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in canada. | during the spring in 2005 and 2006, 39,095 northward-migrating land birds were captured at 12 bird observatories in eastern canada to investigate the role of migratory birds in northward range expansion of lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and their tick vector, ixodes scapularis. the prevalence of birds carrying i. scapularis ticks (mostly nymphs) was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 0.30 to 0.42), but a nested study by experienced observers suggested a more realistic infe ... | 2008 | 18245258 |
| flagellin and outer surface proteins from borrelia burgdorferi are not glycosylated. | we investigated the presence of glycoproteins in borrelia burgdorferi. we did not find any evidence for glycosylation of the major outer membrane proteins ospa and ospb or the structural flagellar proteins flab and flaa. we suggest that glycoproteins present on the surface of b. burgdorferi may be tightly bound culture medium glycoproteins. | 2008 | 18245287 |
| molecular and serological diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection among patients with diagnosed erythema migrans. | the aim of the study was to assess the frequency of borrelia burgdorferi dna detection in the blood and urine of patients diagnosed with erythema migrans, and compare the results of pcr-based methods with elisa methodology. the latter was used to detect serum antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi of the igm and igg classes, before and after antibiotic therapy. the study included 86 patients hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases and neuroinfections in the medical academy in biał ... | 2007 | 18247452 |
| outer surface protein e antibody response and its effect on complement factor h binding to ospe in lyme borreliosis. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and b. afzelii, but not b. garinii, are able to escape complement attack by binding factor h via ospe proteins. recent finding of ospe genes also in b. garinii isolates has raised the question whether, under in vivo-conditions, b. garinii also expresses ospe proteins and consequently induces an antibody response. we set up an igg elisa by using recombinant ospe as an antigen. sixty percent of acute and 64% of convalescent 25 erythema migrans patient samples wer ... | 2008 | 18248762 |
| lyme borreliosis spirochete erp proteins, their known host ligands, and potential roles in mammalian infection. | lyme borreliae naturally maintain numerous distinct dna elements of the cp32 family, each of which carries a mono- or bicistronic erp locus. the encoded erp proteins are surface-exposed outer membrane lipoproteins that are produced at high levels during mammalian infection but largely repressed during colonization of vector ticks. recent studies have revealed that some erp proteins can serve as bacterial adhesins, binding host proteins such as the complement regulator factor h and the extracellu ... | 2008 | 18248770 |
| impact of bias discrepancy and amino acid usage on estimates of the effective number of codons used in a gene, and a test for selection on codon usage. | the effective number of codons (nc) used in a gene is one of the most commonly used measures of synonymous codon usage bias, owing much of its popularity to the fact that it is species independent and that simulation studies have shown that it is less dependent of gene length than other measures. in this paper i provide a clear and practically meaningful definition of bias discrepancy (bd; when the degree of codon bias varies within a degeneracy class). moreover i evaluate the impact of bd and a ... | 2008 | 18248919 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection and cutaneous lyme disease, mexico. | four patients who had received tick bites while visiting forests in mexico had skin lesions that met the case definition of erythema migrans, or borrelial lymphocytoma. clinical diagnosis was supported with histologic, serologic, and molecular tests. this study suggests the borrelia burgdorferi infection is in mexico. | 2007 | 18258006 |
| co-circulating microorganisms in questing ixodes scapularis nymphs in maryland. | ixodes scapularis can be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp., babesia microti, and rickettsia spp., including spotted-fever group rickettsia. as all of these microorganisms have been reported in maryland, the potential for these ticks to have concurrent infections exists in this region. to assess the frequency of these complex infections, 348 i. scapularis nymphs collected in 2003 were screened for these microorganisms by pcr with positives being confir ... | 2007 | 18260514 |
| host-seeking behavior of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in relation to environmental parameters in dense-woodland and woodland-grass habitats. | in the far-western united states, the bacteria that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi, bb) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum, ap) are transmitted by the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). in a dense woodland, human behaviors involving contact with wood were recently found to pose greater risk for encountering i. pacificus nymphs than behaviors entailing exclusive exposure to leaf litter. a four-year follow-up study was undertaken in the same woodlan ... | 2007 | 18260527 |
| lyme disease with lymphocytic meningitis, trigeminal palsy and silent thalamic lesion. | we describe a follow-up in a 15-year-old boy with neuroborreliosis diagnosed by clinical symptoms, csf and serum analysis. mri revealed a thalamic lesion and an enhancement of the right trigeminal nerve clinically associated with mild hypasthesia in the right maxillary region. both, clinical symptoms and radiological findings disappeared within 2 months after treatment. borrelia burgdorferi specific igm and igg in csf and igg in serum became negative between 6 and 12 months after diagnosis. we s ... | 2008 | 18262812 |
| analysis of the distribution of the tick ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae) in a nature reserve of western germany using geographic information systems. | from may to november 2003, at five selected sites of the 'siebengebirge', a nature reserve near bonn, germany, data on microclimate, pedology, plant sociology and tick abundance were collected weekly and correlated. a total of 2832 host-seeking ixodes ricinus (2660 nymphs and 172 adults) were collected, with maximal abundance in june and a minor second increase in abundance in august. the spatial and temporal variation in tick abundance was closely related to the air temperature, relative humidi ... | 2009 | 18262840 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| complement split products c3a and c4a are early markers of acute lyme disease in tick bite patients in the united states. | current laboratory markers do not readily detect acute lyme disease. we assessed the utility of complement and its split products as markers of lyme disease in patients shortly after a tick bite. | 2008 | 18270493 |
| tick infestation risk and borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection-induced increase in host-finding efficacy of female ixodes ricinus under natural conditions. | an investigation of the risk of human tick infestation, together with the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l. infection, was conducted in a sylvatic habitat in western germany to provide data needed for future risk-benefit evaluations of acaricides used for clothing impregnation. additionally, data were collected on behavioural changes in borrelia burgdorferi s.l.-infected adult female i. ricinus ticks and the possible impact of such changes on host-finding efficacy. the risk of i. ricinus-i ... | 2008 | 18273686 |
| [diagnostics of lyme disease]. | although many years have passed since borrelia burgdorferi was first identified, advances in understanding biology and clinical course of infection made and new diagnostic procedures developed, lyme disease is still difficult to diagnose. therefore, it is often wrongly diagnosed and unnecessarily treated. in this paper we analyzed the latest data on lyme disease diagnostic methods, paying much attention to their limitations and correct interpretation of results. in routine diagnosis of this dise ... | 2007 | 18274096 |
| [biochemical parameters of hepatobiliary system functions in viral hepatitis or ixodes tick-borne borreliosis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis]. | the biochemical parameters of hepatobiliary system functions were studied in patients with opisthorchiasis and concomitant diseases, such as chronic viral hepatitis concurrent with chronic opisthorchiasis, as well as ixodes tick-borne borreliosis in the presence of the same invasion. although the magnitude ofbiochemical changes is not great in chronic opisthorchiasis or chronic viral hepatitis, the concomitance of these two diseases were ascertained to result in pronounced abnormalities, by demo ... | 2007 | 18274146 |
| ticks and mosquitoes as vectors of borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in the forested areas of szczecin. | the aim of the study was to determine the infection level of adult forms and larvae of ticks and mosquitoes with borrelia burgdorferi in the forested areas of szczecin. a total of 1699 ticks ixodes ricinus, including 1422 nymphs, 277 adult forms and 2862 mosquito females representing the genera aedes (89.6%) and culex (10.4%) were collected between the years 2004 and 2005. a further 3746 larvae and 1596 pupae of culex pipiens pipiens were colleted from water bodies. borrelia burgdorferi s. l. wa ... | 2007 | 18274258 |
| evaluation of recombinant line immunoblot for detection of lyme disease in slovakia: comparison with two other immunoassays. | in the present study the sensitivity and the specificity of three serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa], indirect fluorescent antibody test [ifa], and recombinant line immunoblot) were compared by examining 74 sera from patients diagnosed with lyme disease in eastern slovakia. in addition, the reactivity to each of the recombinant proteins in the immunoblot was examined in order to evaluate their diagnostic value. generally, the immunoblot (93.2%) and the elisa (90.5%) wer ... | 2008 | 18279004 |
| salp15 binding to dc-sign inhibits cytokine expression by impairing both nucleosome remodeling and mrna stabilization. | ixodes ticks are major vectors for human pathogens, such as borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. tick saliva contains immunosuppressive molecules that facilitate tick feeding and b. burgdorferi infection. we here demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that the ixodes scapularis salivary protein salp15 inhibits adaptive immune responses by suppressing human dendritic cell (dc) functions. salp15 inhibits both toll-like receptor- and b. burgdorferi-induced productio ... | 2008 | 18282094 |
| estimating reservoir competence of borrelia burgdorferi hosts: prevalence and infectivity, sensitivity, and specificity. | most vector-borne zoonotic pathogens are transmitted among several host species, but different species vary considerably in their importance to pathogen transmission, at least partially because they vary in their propensity to infect feeding vectors. this propensity is often called realized reservoir competence. realized reservoir competence is the product of 1) the probability the individual host is infected, i.e., infection prevalence, and 2) the probability that if the host is infected, it wi ... | 2008 | 18283955 |
| primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma -'crosti lymphoma': what can we learn? | in 1951, crosti reported on seven patients with 'reticulo-histiocytoma of the back' who presented with figurate erythematous plaques and nodules on the back or lateral trunk. reticulo-histiocytoma of the back was later classified as a primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma (pcfcl). a definitive diagnosis of the condition is frequently delayed because of a relative lack of clinical symptoms and difficulties in interpretation of the histologic findings. indeed, a number of primary cutaneous b- ... | 2008 | 18284269 |
| clocking the lyme spirochete. | in order to clear the body of infecting spirochetes, phagocytic cells must be able to get hold of them. in real-time phase-contrast videomicroscopy we were able to measure the speed of borrelia burgdorferi (bb), the lyme spirochete, moving back and forth across a platelet to which it was tethered. its mean crossing speed was 1,636 microm/min (n = 28), maximum, 2800 microm/min (n = 3). this is the fastest speed recorded for a spirochete, and upward of two orders of magnitude above the speed of a ... | 2008 | 18286190 |
| a system for site-specific genetic manipulation of the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia hermsii. | the lack of a system for genetic manipulation has hindered studies on the molecular pathogenesis of relapsing fever borrelia. the focus of this chapter is to describe selectable markers, manipulation strategies, and methods to electro-transform and clone wild-type infectious borrelia hermsii. preliminary studies suggest that the variable tick protein (vtp) of b. hermsii is involved in tick-to-mammal transmission. to address this hypothesis, we have developed a system for genetic manipulation and ... | 2008 | 18287748 |
| transposon mutagenesis of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi. | borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, is an obligate parasite that cycles between vertebrate hosts and tick vectors. attempts to understand the genetic factors that allow b. burgdorferi to sense, adapt to, and survive in different environments have been limited by a relatively low transformation rate. here, we describe a mariner-based transposon system that achieves saturating levels of random mutagenesis in b. burgdorferi. in comparison with allelic exchange, which targets ... | 2008 | 18287749 |
| ultrastructural analysis of bacteria-host cell interactions. | electron microscopy of bacterial pathogens and interactions between bacteria and host cells and tissues provides valuable insights into structural and molecular properties and processes involved in pathogenesis. applications for electron microscopy in bacterial pathogenesis range from discovering etiologic agents and following chronological events during infections by conventional examination of clinical samples to assessing molecular host-cell responses to infection and in situ interactions bet ... | 2008 | 18287756 |
| determining the cellular targets of reactive oxygen species in borrelia burgdorferi. | the response of borrelia burgdorferi to the challenge of reactive oxygen species (ros) is a direct result of its limited biosynthetic capabilities and lack of biologically significant levels of intracellular fe. in other bacteria, the major target for oxidative damage is dna as a consequence of the reaction of "free" intracellular with ros through the fenton reaction. therefore, cellular defenses in these bacteria are focused on protecting this essential cellular component. this does not seem to ... | 2008 | 18287759 |
| reinfection versus relapse in patients with lyme disease: not enough evidence. | | 2008 | 18288903 |
| the rising challenge of lyme borreliosis in canada. | | 2008 | 18290267 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in wild canids in spain. | | 2008 | 18296668 |
| identification of an antiparallel coiled-coil/loop domain required for ligand binding by the borrelia hermsii fhba protein: additional evidence for the role of fhba in the host-pathogen interaction. | borrelia hermsii, an etiological agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in north america, binds host-derived serum proteins including factor h (fh), plasminogen, and an unidentified 60-kda protein via its fhba protein. two distinct phylogenetic types of fhba have been delineated (fhba1 and fhba2). these orthologs share a conserved c-terminal domain that contains two alpha helices with a high predictive probability of coiled-coil formation that are separated by a 14-amino-acid loop domain. through s ... | 2008 | 18299341 |
| [lyme arthritis in children and adolescents]. | lyme arthritis is one of the manifestations of lyme disease and is caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. this article reviews the current knowledge regarding the epidemiology, etiology and pathogenesis as well as the clinical manifestations, the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis with special emphasis on children and adolescents. | 2008 | 18301903 |
| serological and molecular prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and ehrlichia species in dogs from minnesota. | a population of 731 naturally exposed pet dogs examined at a private practice in baxter, minnesota, an area endemic for lyme disease and anaplasmosis, was tested by serological and molecular methods for evidence of exposure to or infection with selected vector-borne pathogens. serum samples were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, and ehrlichia canis antibodies and for dirofilaria immitis antigen. blood samples from 273 dogs we ... | 2008 | 18302532 |
| persistence of borrelia burgdorferi following antibiotic treatment in mice. | the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment was examined in a mouse model of lyme borreliosis. mice were treated with ceftriaxone or saline solution for 1 month, commencing during the early (3 weeks) or chronic (4 months) stages of infection with borrelia burgdorferi. tissues from mice were tested for infection by culture, pcr, xenodiagnosis, and transplantation of allografts at 1 and 3 months after completion of treatment. in addition, tissues were examined for the presence of spirochetes by immu ... | 2008 | 18316520 |
| neuroborreliosis in the south west of england. | although lyme borreliosis is increasingly diagnosed in the united kingdom, few systematic studies have been performed there. uk data suggest that the commonest complications are neurological, but inadequate information exists about their nature and the incidence of late neuroborreliosis. local data are necessary because clinical presentations may show geographical variation. this study aimed to provide data on clinical manifestations in an area of south west england and to estimate treatment del ... | 2008 | 18325130 |
| novel relapsing fever spirochete in bat tick. | | 2008 | 18325285 |
| prevalence of babesia canis, borrelia afzelii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in hard ticks removed from dogs in warsaw (central poland). | the purposes of this study were to specify the occurrence and prevalence of babesia canis, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, and anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks removed from dogs in warsaw, and to determine the borrelia species occurring in ixodes ricinus ticks. among 590 collected ticks, 209 were identified as i. ricinus, and 381 as dermacentor reticulatus. dna of b. canis was detected in 11% of d. reticulatus ticks. we found that 6.2% of i. ricinus ticks harbored b. burgdorferi s.l. specific ... | 2008 | 18328630 |
| postmortem confirmation of lyme carditis with polymerase chain reaction. | cardiac involvement in lyme disease is uncommon and typically manifests clinically by conduction disturbances. postmortem identification of borrelia burgdorferi has never been reported in a case of lyme carditis. | 2008 | 18329555 |
| a tightly regulated surface protein of borrelia burgdorferi is not essential to the mouse-tick infectious cycle. | borrelia burgdorferi synthesizes a variety of differentially regulated outer surface lipoproteins in the tick vector and in vertebrate hosts. among these is ospd, a protein that is highly induced in vitro by conditions that mimic the tick environment. using genetically engineered strains in which ospd is deleted, we demonstrate that this protein is not required for b. burgdorferi survival and infectivity in either the mouse or the tick. however, examination of both transcript levels and protein ... | 2008 | 18332210 |
| csf b--lymphocyte chemoattractant (cxcl13) in the early diagnosis of acute lyme neuroborreliosis. | recent studies have suggested a diagnostic role of the b-lymphocyte attracting chemokine (cxcl13) in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) in lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb). our aim was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of csf cxcl13 in a cohort of 59 consecutive patients referred to hospital for suspected lnb. thirty-seven patients were classified as definite lnb and used as the reference standard. seven were classified as probable, and seven as possible lnb. eight patients did not fulfil case definitions a ... | 2008 | 18344056 |
| biological aspects of lyme disease spirochetes: unique bacteria of the borrelia burgdorferi species group. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is a group of at least twelve closely related species some of which are responsible for lyme disease, the most frequent zoonosis in europe and the usa. many of the biological features of borrelia are unique in prokaryotes and very interesting not only from the medical viewpoint but also from the view of molecular biology. | 2007 | 18345249 |
| diagnostic value of sural nerve biopsy in patients with suspected borrelia neuropathy. | peripheral neuropathy is a recognized but incompletely understood manifestation of borreliosis. as the pathology of this neuropathy has been described only in small case series, the value of nerve biopsy findings for the pathologic diagnosis of borrelia-associated neuropathy is unclear. we collected and investigated 21 patients with peripheral neuropathy and with typical clinical and serologic signs of neuroborreliosis [borrelia neuropathy (bn)]. standard histology and immunohistochemistry were ... | 2008 | 18346234 |
| a sustained-release formulation of doxycycline hyclate (atridox) prevents simultaneous infection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and borrelia burgdorferi transmitted by tick bite. | current prophylaxis for infected tick bites consists of personal protective measures directed towards ticks. this study compared the efficacy of a single oral dose of doxycycline with that of a single injection of sustained-release doxycycline in a model of lyme borreliosis and anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. dosages of doxycycline were equilibrated based on previously determined peak plasma levels in mice [oral, 2.4 microg (ml plasma)(-1); sustained release, 1.9 microg (ml plasma)(-1)] det ... | 2008 | 18349366 |
| complement factor h-binding protein, a putative virulence determinant of borrelia hermsii, is an antigenic target for protective b1b lymphocytes. | vaccination is the most effective way to control infectious diseases. a variety of microbial pathogens use antigenic variation, an immune evasion strategy that poses a challenge for vaccine development. to understand protective immune responses against such pathogens, we have been studying borrelia hermsii, a bacterium that causes recurrent bacteremia due to antigenic variation. an igm response is necessary and sufficient to control b. hermsii infection. we have recently found a selective expans ... | 2008 | 18354209 |
| diversity of ixodes ricinus tick-associated bacterial communities from different forests. | nymphal ixodes ricinus ticks (n=180) were collected from three different areas in the netherlands to investigate the effect of forest composition on tick-associated microbial communities. sampled habitats differed in thickness of leaf litter and humus layers and vegetation associations and were located near amsterdam (beech-oak), ede (birch-oak) and veldhoven (birch-oak). analysis of nine 16s rrna gene clone libraries made from individual ticks showed nearest matches with presumed pathogens cand ... | 2008 | 18355299 |
| reciprocal expression of ospa and ospc in single cells of borrelia burgdorferi. | outer surface proteins (osp) a and c of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) are selectively produced and of functional significance in the tick vector and mammalian host, respectively. some studies indicate a simple, reciprocal relationship where the signals and pathways that turn on ospc also turn off ospa. other studies indicate a more complex regulation where many spirochetes produce both proteins and others produce one of the proteins or neither protein. here, we have used flo ... | 2008 | 18359818 |
| cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma--still under study. | | 2008 | 18363681 |
| some remarks on cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. | | 2008 | 18363682 |
| lyme carditis: another diagnostically elusive spirochetal disease. | | 2008 | 18364609 |
| high-resolution structure of a self-assembly-competent form of a hydrophobic peptide captured in a soluble beta-sheet scaffold. | beta-rich self-assembly is a major structural class of polypeptides, but still little is known about its atomic structures and biophysical properties. major impediments for structural and biophysical studies of peptide self-assemblies include their insolubility and heterogeneous composition. we have developed a model system, termed peptide self-assembly mimic (psam), based on the single-layer beta-sheet of borrelia outer surface protein a. psam allows for the capture of a defined number of self- ... | 2008 | 18367205 |
| [isolation of the recombinant proteins ospc and the fragment flaa (f-flaa) from the western-siberian borrelia garinii nt29 isolates and the study of their immunochemical properties]. | the structural proteins ospc and flaa of the lyme disease (ld) agent are known to be the basic antigens, which induce the humoral immune response at the initial stage of the disease. the goal of this work was to obtain the recombinant ospc and a fragment of the flaa protein (f-flaa) from the western siberian borrelia garinii nt29 isolates and to assess the possibility of their use for the ld diagnosis. encoding regions of the ospc and f-flab genes were amplified using pcr inserted in the preb ex ... | 2008 | 18368777 |
| [difference in amino acid sequences of b. afzelii p66 surface-exposed loop region]. | in the present work, we performed a phenotyping analysis of 45 b. afzelii 89-a.a. long amino acid sequences of 7 different allele variants, corresponding to the surface-exposed loop region of p66. 45 investigated isolates showed 5 phenotypically different variants; 2 phenotypically different variants of loop region, in particular, also showed mutations in the putative monoclonal antibody h1337 binding site; the similarity between the amino acid sequences taken from different variants is about 96 ... | 2008 | 18368781 |
| borrelia burgdorferi membranes are the primary targets of reactive oxygen species. | spirochetes living in an oxygen-rich environment or when challenged by host immune cells are exposed to reactive oxygen species (ros). these species can harm/destroy cysteinyl residues, iron-sulphur clusters, dna and polyunsaturated lipids, leading to inhibition of growth or cell death. because borrelia burgdorferi contains no intracellular iron, dna is most likely not a major target for ros via fenton reaction. in support of this, growth of b. burgdorferi in the presence of 5 mm h(2)o(2) had no ... | 2008 | 18373524 |
| purification and properties of the plasmid maintenance proteins from the borrelia burgdorferi linear plasmid lp17. | the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi carries more plasmids than any other bacterium, many of which are linear with covalently closed hairpin ends. these plasmids have also been referred to as mini-chromosomes and essential genetic elements and are integral components of its segmented genome. we have investigated two plasmid maintenance proteins, bbd14 (the replication initiator) and bbd21 (a presumptive para orthologue), encoded by the linear plasmid lp17; these proteins are represen ... | 2008 | 18375548 |
| distinct roles for myd88 and toll-like receptors 2, 5, and 9 in phagocytosis of borrelia burgdorferi and cytokine induction. | the contribution of toll-like receptors (tlrs) to phagocytosis of borrelia burgdorferi has not been extensively studied. we show that bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmdm) from myd88(-/-) mice or raw cells transfected with a dominant-negative myd88 were unable to efficiently internalize b. burgdorferi. knockouts of tlr2 and tlr9 or knockdown of tlr5 by small interfering rna produced no defects in phagocytosis of b. burgdorferi. production of inflammatory cytokines was greatly diminished in myd8 ... | 2008 | 18378636 |
| viliuisk encephalomyelitis in northeastern siberia is not caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection. | viliuisk encephalomyelitis (ve) is an endemic neurological disease in northeastern siberia and generally believed to be a chronic encephalomyelitis of unknown origin. we investigated 17 patients with a clinical diagnosis of ve within the viliuiski region of sakha (yakutian) republic to explore the core clinical syndrome of chronic ve and subsequently whether ve is caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection. we found a chronic myelopathy as the core of the syndrome, often following an acute phase w ... | 2008 | 18379734 |