| effect of incubation temperature on sex-dependent embryo mortality and morphological traits in mallard. | although birds have genetically determined sex, the sex ratio has been reported to deviate from parity in several studies. temperature-dependent sex determination, which is common in reptiles, is absent in birds. however, females are able to adjust their investment into eggs according to the sex of the embryo, which may cause sex-specific embryonic mortality. incubation temperature may also cause sex-biased embryonic mortality, and it may differentially affect the phenotype of male and female ha ... | 2019 | 31331531 |
| water body type and group size affect the flight initiation distance of european waterbirds. | human encroachment on nature grows constantly, increasing human-wildlife interactions. flight initiation distance (fid, the distance at which animals flee from an approaching threat) is often used to measure antipredator behaviour and establish buffer zones to reduce human impact on wildlife. in this study, we approached 10 waterbird species on larger lakes and narrower rivers using a motorboat. we investigated whether water body type, season (winter/spring), approach starting distance, species ... | 2019 | 31310637 |
| relation to enterocins and herbal extracts of fecal hemolytic escherichia coli from domestic ducks detected with maldi-tof mass spectrometry. | surveillance studies have generally reported an increase in escherichia coli strains resistant to major classes of antibiotics used for animals' treatment. the aim of this study was to test the susceptibility of 25 strains (isolated from 30 domestic mallard ducks-anas platyrhynchos, both sex, aged 8 to 14 wk, taxonomically alloted to the species e. coli using maldi tof mass spectrometry system) to antimicrobials (antibiotics, enterocins, and herbal extracts). testing was performed using the agar ... | 2019 | 31298292 |
| a novel h7n3 reassortant originating from the zoonotic h7n9 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses that has adapted to ducks. | the first human case of zoonotic h7n9 avian influenza virus (aiv) infection was reported in march 2013 in china. this virus continues to circulate in poultry in china while mutating to highly pathogenic aivs (hpaivs). through monitoring at airports in japan, a novel h7n3 reassortant of the zoonotic h7n9 hpaivs, a/duck/japan/aq-he30-1/2018 (he30-1), was detected in a poultry meat product illegally brought by a passenger from china into japan. we analysed the genetic, pathogenic and antigenic char ... | 2019 | 31293102 |
| a highly divergent hepacivirus-like flavivirus in domestic ducks. | using random amplification and reverse transcription-pcr, a novel rna virus was detected in sera of domestic ducks. the full genome of the virus was determined for three strains, identifying the first hepacivirus-like flavivirus in birds. the virus, that we tentatively named duck hepacivirus-like virus (duhv), possesses several unique molecular features, such as possession of the largest hepacivirus-like polyprotein gene and a pegivirus a-like internal ribosome entry site. sequence comparisons a ... | 2019 | 31282853 |
| polymorphic analysis of peptide binding domain of major histocompatibility complex class i in domestic ducks. | function of duck (anas platyrhynchos) major histocompatibility complex class i (anpl-mhc i) molecules in binding peptides is through the peptide binding groove (pbg), which is thought to be influenced by the high polymorphism of α1 and α2 domains. however, little is known about the polymorphism of anpl-mhc i peptide binding domain (pbd), especially in the domestic duck. here, we analyzed the polymorphism of forty-eight anpl-mhc i α1 and α2 domains from domestic duck breeds previously reported. a ... | 2019 | 31269347 |
| clade 2.3.4.4 h5 north american highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses infect, but do not cause clinical signs in, american black ducks (anas rubripes). | highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (hpaiv) from the goose/guangdong/1996 clade 2.3.4.4 h5 lineage spread from asia into north america in 2014, most likely by wild bird migrations. although several variants of the virus were detected, h5n8 and h5n2 were the most widespread in north american wild birds and domestic poultry. in early 2015, the h5n2 virus spread through commercial poultry in the midwest, and >50 million chickens and turkeys died or had to be culled. related h5 hpaivs are still ... | 2019 | 31251539 |
| efficacy of two licensed avian influenza h5 vaccines against challenge with a 2015 u.s. h5n2 clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in domestic ducks. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) clade 2.3.4.4 viruses from the h5 goose/guangdong lineage caused a major outbreak in poultry in the united states in 2015. although the outbreak was controlled, vaccines were considered as an alternative control method, and new vaccines were approved and purchased by the u.s. department of agriculture national veterinary stockpile for emergency use. in this study, we evaluated the efficacy of two of these vaccines in protecting pekin ducks (anas platyrhyn ... | 2019 | 31251524 |
| exploring differentially expressed key genes related to development of follicle by rna-seq in peking ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | duck follicles enter different reproductive phases throughout life, and follicle gene expression patterns differ according to these phases. in particular, differentially expressed genes and related to development of follicle (mrnas) play an important role to explore the key genes in this process; however, the expression profiles of these genes remain unclear. in this study, transcriptome sequencing was used to investigate the expression levels of duck ovarian genes, and comparative transcription ... | 2019 | 31237879 |
| dietary methionine deficiency reduces laying performances of female common ducks and impacts traits of interest of their mule ducklings. | the effects of maternal nutrition on offspring phenotypes have been mainly documented over the past years in mammals, and are now studied in poultry as well. in the present study, we investigated the effects of a reduced level of dietary methionine (met) on laying performances of common laying ducks and their impacts on the phenotype of their mule ducklings. a total of 60 female laying ducks were divided into 2 dietary treatments at 10 wk of age. the restricted group received met-restricted diet ... | 2019 | 31237326 |
| ducklings imprint on chromatic heterogeneity. | avian filial imprinting is a rapid form of learning occurring just after hatching in precocial bird species. the acquired imprint on either or both parents goes on to affect the young bird's survival and social behaviour later in life (bateson in biol rev 41:177-217, 1966). the imprinting mechanism is specialized but flexible, and causes the hatchling to develop high-fidelity recognition and attraction to any moving stimulus of suitable size seen during a predefined sensitive period. it has been ... | 2019 | 31183592 |
| infection of chicken h9n2 influenza viruses in different species of domestic ducks. | domestic ducks are considered as the interface between wild aquatic birds and terrestrial poultry and play an important role in the transmission and evolution of avian influenza viruses (aivs). however, the infectivity of h9n2 aivs in different domestic duck species has not been systematically evaluated. here we investigated the infectivity of various genotypes of chicken h9n2 aivs in pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos), mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) and muscovy duck (cairina moschata) through i ... | 2019 | 31176393 |
| identifying gaps in wild waterfowl influenza a surveillance in ohio, united states. | the mississippi flyway is of utmost importance in monitoring influenza a viral diversity in the natural reservoir, as it is used by approximately 40% of north american migratory waterfowl. in 2008, influenza a virus (iav) surveillance was initiated in eight states within the flyway during annual southern migration, to gain better insight into the natural history of influenza a viruses in the natural reservoir. more than 45,000 samples have been collected and tested, resulting in hundreds of dive ... | 2019 | 31131571 |
| prevalence of influenza a viruses in ducks sampled in northwestern minnesota and evidence for predominance of h3n8 and h4n6 subtypes in mallards, 2007-2016. | long-term comprehensive studies of avian influenza virus subtypes in ducks not only contribute to understanding variations and patterns of subtype diversity, but also can be important in defining seasonal and temporal risks associated with transmission of potentially highly pathogenic h5 and h7 subtypes to domestic poultry. we analyzed influenza a virus (iav) surveillance data from dabbling ducks collected at an important migratory stopover site in northwestern minnesota from 2007-2016 and ident ... | 2019 | 31131568 |
| genetic and biological characteristics of avian influenza virus subtype h1n8 in environments related to live poultry markets in china. | since 2008, avian influenza surveillance in poultry-related environments has been conducted annually in china. samples have been collected from environments including live poultry markets, wild bird habitats, slaughterhouses, and poultry farms. multiple subtypes of avian influenza virus have been identified based on environmental surveillance, and an h1n8 virus was isolated from the drinking water of a live poultry market. | 2019 | 31117981 |
| sitting ducklings: timing of hatch, nest departure, and predation risk for dabbling duck broods. | for ground-nesting waterfowl, the timing of egg hatch and duckling departure from the nest may be influenced by the risk of predation at the nest and en route to wetlands and constrained by the time required for ducklings to imprint on the hen and be physically able to leave the nest. we determined the timing of hatch, nest departure, and predation on dabbling duck broods using small video cameras placed at the nests of mallard (anas platyrhynchos; n = 26), gadwall (mareca strepera; n = 24), and ... | 2019 | 31110697 |
| de novo assembly of the indian blue peacock (pavo cristatus) genome using oxford nanopore technology and illumina sequencing. | the indian peafowl (pavo cristanus) is native to south asia and is the national bird of india. here we present a draft genome sequence of the male blue peacock using illumina and oxford nanopore technology (ont). | 2019 | 31077316 |
| changes in morphology and mirnas expression in small intestines of shaoxing ducks in response to high temperature. | during summer days the extreme heat may cause damage to the integrity of animal intestinal barrier. little information is available concerning morphological changes in the duck intestines in response to high temperature. and the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high temperature-induced intestinal injury remain undefined. micrornas (mirnas) are known to play key roles in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression that influences various biological processes. the purpose ... | 2019 | 31049835 |
| near-complete genome sequence of avian influenza virus strain a/mallard/balkhash/6304/2014 (h1n1) from kazakhstan. | an avian influenza virus strain, a/mallard/balkhash/6304/2014 (h1n1), was isolated during a wild bird monitoring study in kazakhstan in 2014. the virus was isolated from a wild mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) in eastern kazakhstan. here, we present the near-complete genome sequence of the virus. | 2019 | 31048397 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterisation of duck (anas platyrhynchos) tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3. | 1. tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 3 (traf3) is a key regulator of innate immunity and acquired immunity, and has a salient anti-viral role. 2. in this experiment, the duck traf3 (dutraf3) gene was cloned according to the anas platyrhynchostraf3 sequence to explore its function. the traf3 open reading frame contains 1704 bp that encode a protein of 567 amino acids, which contain a ring finger domain, two zinc finger motifs, a coiled-coil region, and a math domain. 3. reverse tr ... | 2019 | 31046421 |
| dynamic expression pattern of serpina1 gene from duck (anas platyrhynchos). | serpina1 is a member of serine protease inhibitors and is increasingly considered to be a regulator of innate immunity in human and animals. however, the expression and function of serpina1 gene in immune defense against viral infection remain unknown in ducks. the full-length du serpina1 cdna sequence was obtained using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). it contained 1457 nucleotide, including 47-bp 5' utr, 135-bp 3' utr, and 12 ... | 2019 | 31016183 |
| continuing evolution of highly pathogenic h5n1 viruses in bangladeshi live poultry markets. | since november 2008, we have conducted active avian influenza surveillance in bangladesh. clades 2.2.2, 2.3.4.2, and 2.3.2.1a of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n1 viruses have all been identified in bangladeshi live poultry markets (lpms), although, since the end of 2014, h5n1 viruses have been exclusively from clade 2.3.2.1a. in june 2015, a new reassortant h5n1 virus (h5n1-r1) from clade 2.3.2.1a was identified, containing haemagglutinin, neuraminidase, and matrix genes of h5n1 viruses ci ... | 2019 | 31014196 |
| comparing erosion and organ accumulation rates of lead and alternative lead-free ammunition fed to captive domestic ducks. | lead poisoning of birds of prey from ingestion of ammunition lead has been well documented. alternative, lead-free ammunition is widely available, but the toxicokinetics of other metals in birds are poorly understood. we tested the erosion of lead, copper, zinc, iron and brass by feeding domestic pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos forma domestica) defined numbers of small metal pellets. the accumulation of these metals was analysed in the breast muscle, brain, pancreas, liver and kidney. four weeks ... | 2019 | 30993577 |
| galectin-1 induces immune response and antiviral ability in cherry valley ducks after duck plague virus infection. | galectin-1, as a typical animal galactose-binding protein, it is found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. cloning the full-length coding sequence of galectin-1 from the spleens of cherry valley ducks revealed that the coding sequence of duck galectin-1 (dugal-1) comprises 405 bp, encoding 134 amino acids. homologic analysis revealed its amino acid sequence is most identical to that of anas platyrhynchos (98.8%) followed by gallus gallus. quantitative real-time pcr analysis indi ... | 2019 | 30986433 |
| transcriptional regulatory region and dna methylation analysis of tnni1 gene promoters in gaoyou duck skeletal muscle (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | 1. the slow skeletal muscle troponin i (tnni1) gene has been found to be specifically expressed in slow muscle fibres and plays an important role in muscle development. the aim of this study was to determine the active control area of duck tnni1 and identify the potential cis-regulatory elements in the promoter. 2. in this study, the tnni1 promoter was first cloned by genome walking and the sequences were analysed using bioinformatics software. firefly luciferase reporter gene vectors, driven by ... | 2019 | 30968708 |
| amyloid a amyloidosis secondary to avian tuberculosis in naturally infected domestic pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | to investigate the correlation between avian tuberculosis and duck amyloidosis, the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, duodenum and pectoralis muscle of ducks naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. avium were used to detect amyloidosis by congo red staining and potassium permanganate-congo red staining. the expression level of il-1β, il-6, il-10, tnf-α and saa2 were detected by quantitative real-time rt-pcr (qrt-pcr). the results showed that the liver, lung, spleen, kidney, duodenum and pe ... | 2019 | 30961809 |
| comparison of whole embryonic development in the duck (anas platyrhynchos) and goose (anser cygnoides) with the chicken (gallus gallus). | embryos from aquatic birds are the primary models for the study of flipper development. while some staging of early embryogenesis in duck have been studied, characterization of the stages of the entire embryonic development period in water birds has not been described. this study aimed to establish a comparison of complete morphological development staging for ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and geese (anser cygnoides) with the embryonic staging system by hamburger and hamilton (hh) for the chicken ( ... | 2019 | 30941418 |
| molecular cytogenetic characterization of repetitive sequences comprising centromeric heterochromatin in three anseriformes species. | the highly repetitive dna sequence of centromeric heterochromatin is an effective molecular cytogenetic marker for investigating genomic compartmentalization between macrochromosomes and microchromosomes in birds. we isolated four repetitive sequence families of centromeric heterochromatin from three anseriformes species, viz., domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos, apl), bean goose (anser fabalis, afa), and whooper swan (cygnus cygnus, ccy), and characterized the sequences by molecular cytogenetic ... | 2019 | 30913221 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel h7n8 avian influenza virus from domestic ducks in central china in 2017. | in 2017, an h7n8 avian influenza virus (aiv) was isolated from a domestic duck from a farm in central china. sequences analysis showed that this strain received its genes from h7, h1, h2, h3, h5, and h6 aivs of domestic poultry and wild birds in asia. it exhibited low pathogenicity in chickens and mild pathogenicity in mice. these results suggest the importance of continued surveillance of the h7n8 virus to better understand the ecology and evolution of the aivs in poultry and wild birds and the ... | 2019 | 30895439 |
| mallard resource selection trade-offs in a heterogeneous environment during autumn and winter. | animals select resources to maximize fitness but associated costs and benefits are spatially and temporally variable. differences in wetland management influence resource availability for ducks and mortality risk from duck hunting. the local distribution of the mallard (anas platyrhynchos) is affected by this resource heterogeneity and variable risk from hunting. regional conservation strategies primarily focus on how waterfowl distributions are affected by food resources during the nonbreeding ... | 2019 | 30847073 |
| varied effects of dietary carotenoid supplementation on oxidative damage in tissues of two waterfowl species. | carotenoids are regarded as a cornerstone of avian vitality and coloration. currently, the antioxidant potential of dietary carotenoids is debated for birds. although some studies support a protective role, others report either no effect or pro-oxidant effects. however, the majority of research on this topic has not analyzed the oxidative status of a series of tissues in animals nor considered a range of carotenoid dosages. we investigated the effects of three levels of carotenoid supplementatio ... | 2019 | 30794961 |
| danish pheasant and mallard hunters comply with the lead shot ban. | denmark implemented a total ban on the use of lead shot for hunting and clay target shooting in 1996. compliance was not studied systematically until recently. however, sporadic police checks and individual studies indicated that compliance was far from complete in the early years after regulation. to assess current levels of compliance with danish regulations, we purchased 730 carcasses of pheasants (phasianus colchicus) and mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and a further 690 mallard gizzards were ... | 2019 | 30771205 |
| different pathogenicity of two strains of clade 2.3.4.4c h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses bearing different pa and ns gene in domestic ducks. | h5nx clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) have been disseminated to wide geographic regions since 2014. in 2016, five distinct genotypes (c-1 to c-5) of clade 2.3.4.4c h5n6 hpaivs were detected in south korea. in this study, we evaluated the pathogenicity, susceptibility to infection, and transmissibility of the two strains representing the c-1 and c-4 genotypes of the h5n6 viruses, which have different pa and ns gene, in domestic ducks. although the susceptibility to ... | 2019 | 30753976 |
| comparative pathogenicity of h5n6 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chicken, pekin duck and muscovy duck. | in japan during the 2016-2017 winter season, clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) of the h5n6 subtype caused 12 outbreaks in chicken and muscovy duck farms. these viruses have been circulating in vietnam and china since 2014. in this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of chicken, pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) and muscovy duck (cairina moschata) to h5n6 hpaivs that originated in japan, vietnam and china. the h5n6 hpaivs examined in this study were high ... | 2019 | 30720248 |
| effects of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis infection on egg production and the immune response of the laying duck anas platyrhynchos. | persistent colonization of the avian reproductive tract by salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis (se) negatively affects egg production and contaminates the egg. the immune function of the ovary and oviduct is essential for protection from infection and for the production of wholesome eggs. however, the immune response of laying ducks during se infection is not well-understood. in this study, ducks (anas platyrhynchos) were infected with se and were systematically monitored for fecal shedding ... | 2019 | 30701142 |
| individual and flock immunity responses of naïve ducks on smallholder farms after vaccination with h5n1 avian influenza vaccine: a study in a province of the mekong delta, vietnam. | in vietnam, vaccination has played a crucial role in the national strategy for the prevention and control of h5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai). this study aimed to evaluate antibody responses of immunologically naïve domestic ducks to h5n1 avian influenza vaccine currently used in the national mass vaccination program of vietnam. blood samples of 166 ducks reared on smallholder farms were individually collected at three sampling time points, namely, right before vaccination, 21 days af ... | 2019 | 30671307 |
| edwardsiella tarda outbreak affecting fishes and aquatic birds in brazil. | edwardsiella tarda infections are frequent causes of severe outbreaks in the fish farming industry besides representing possible zoonotic risks. however, naturally occurring outbreaks that affect various species besides fishes are seldom described. | 2018 | 30668277 |
| long-term avian influenza virus epidemiology in a small spanish wetland ecosystem is driven by the breeding anseriformes community. | during 2007-2009 and 2012-2014, avian influenza virus (aiv) was studied in a wild avian community of a northern spanish wetland using non-invasive sampling methods and host identification by coi barcoding. the aim of this longitudinal study was to evaluate aiv dynamics in a natural wetland ecosystem, taking into account both virological aspects and ecological traits of hosts. global aiv prevalence decreased significantly during the second sampling period (0.3%) compared to the first (6.6%). circ ... | 2019 | 30654831 |
| polymorphisms of the prolactin gene and their association with egg production traits in two chinese domestic ducks. | 1. prolactin (prl) as a polypeptide hormone which plays a crucial role in egg production traits. 2. polymorphisms of the prl gene were analysed with dna sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism methods in two chinese domestic laying duck breeds (jinding, n = 400, youxian, n = 400, respectively). 3. the results showed that one polymorphism was detected (a-412g) in intron 1 of the prl gene, with three genotypes: aa, ag and gg. association analysis showed tha ... | 2019 | 30648884 |
| innate immune responses to avian influenza viruses in ducks and chickens. | mallard ducks are important natural hosts of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses and many strains circulate in this reservoir and cause little harm. some strains can be transmitted to other hosts, including chickens, and cause respiratory and systemic disease. rarely, these highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses cause disease in mallards, while chickens are highly susceptible. the long co-evolution of mallard ducks with influenza viruses has undoubtedly fine-tuned many immuno ... | 2019 | 30634569 |
| evidences in duck (anas platyrhynchos) by transcriptome data for supporting the biliverdin was mainly synthesized by shell gland. | the blue-shelled egg not only plays a key role in helping birds to avoid predation as a result of crypsis and mimetism, but it also provides eggshell strength and filters solar radiation; moreover, it has an important economic trait for poultry. however, the source of biliverdin for blue-shelled egg remains unsolved in ducks. the current study detected the biliverdin content and localization of heme oxygenase 1 (hmox1) in duck shell gland; moreover, rna-seq analysis was performed in the shell gl ... | 2019 | 30624718 |
| low pathogenic avian influenza a (h5n7) virus isolated from a domestic duck in dongting lake wetland of china, 2016. | | 2019 | 30610572 |
| the recessive c locus in the mitf gene plays a key regulatory role in the plumage colour pattern of duck (anas platyrhynchos). | 1. the c/c alleles are responsible for the white plumage colour of ducks; however, the gene corresponding to this locus is still unclear. in order to identify the locus-related candidate gene associated with duck's plumage colour pattern, it was necessary to analyse the whole genome resequencing data. 2. a total of 929,465 snps in chromosome 13 and 1,688 snps in the region of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) gene were identified from whole genome resequencing data analys ... | 2019 | 30595026 |
| identification of a divergent avian influenza h3n2 virus from domestic ducks in france. | an avian influenza h3n2 virus was isolated from domestic ducks in france in 2016. although this french h3n2 virus possesses traits of an avian virus, the genetic distances observed for hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) show that these two genes most likely evolved independently from other avian influenza sequences. | 2018 | 30574576 |
| co-infection of highly pathogenic avian influenza and duck hepatitis viruses in egyptian backyard and commercial ducks. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n1 virus poses a major challenge to the poultry industry and human health in egypt. twenty one households and eight duck farms in sharkia province, egypt were investigated for the presence of avian influenza virus (aiv) and/or duck hepatitis virus 1 (dhv-1). mortality rates among the investigated farms and yards were, 18.9% (69/365) of native ducks, 60.9% (25/41) of pekin ducks, 60.2% (6306/10473) of muscovy ducks and 44.9% (1353/3015) of mallard ducks. ... | 2018 | 30564613 |
| population genetics and characterization of campylobacter jejuni isolates from western jackdaws and game birds in finland. | poultry are considered a major reservoir and source of human campylobacteriosis, but the roles of environmental reservoirs, including wild birds, have not been assessed in depth. in this study, we isolated and characterized campylobacter jejuni from western jackdaws (n = 91, 43%), mallard ducks (n = 82, 76%), and pheasants (n = 9, 9%). most of the western jackdaw and mallard duck c. jejuni isolates represented multilocus sequence typing (mlst) sequence types (sts) that diverged from those previo ... | 2019 | 30552190 |
| analysis of free and metabolized microcystins in samples following a bird mortality event. | in the summer of 2012, over 750 dead and dying birds were observed at the paul s. sarbanes ecosystem restoration project at poplar island, maryland, usa (chesapeake bay). clinical signs suggested avian botulism, but an ongoing dense microcystis bloom was present in an impoundment on the island. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) analysis of a water sample indicated 6000 ng ml-1 of microcystins (mcs). lc-uv/ms analysis confirmed the presence of mc-lr and a high concentration of an unknown ... | 2018 | 30502804 |
| in vitro culture and characterization of duck primordial germ cells. | this study aimed to isolate, culture, and characterize duck primordial germ cells (pgcs) and to compare these cells with chicken pgcs. we first cultured muscovy duck (cairina moschata) circulating pgcs and gonadal pgcs (gpgcs) in the modified serum-containing medium used to amplify chicken pgcs. gpgcs were found to proliferate better in serum-free chemically defined medium than in serum-containing medium. thereafter, gpgcs were similarly isolated from 2 other duck breeds, the pekin duck (anas pl ... | 2019 | 30462334 |
| characterization of duck (anas platyrhynchos) short tandem repeat variation by population-scale genome resequencing. | short tandem repeats (strs) are usually associated with genetic diseases and gene regulatory functions, and are also important genetic markers for analysis of evolutionary, genetic diversity and forensic. however, for the majority of strs in the duck genome, their population genetic properties and functional impacts remain poorly defined. recent advent of next generation sequencing (ngs) has offered an opportunity for profiling large numbers of polymorphic strs. here, we reported a population-sc ... | 2018 | 30425731 |
| embryonic development of parakeratinized epithelium of the tongue in the domestic duck (anas platyrhynchos f. domestica): lm, sem, and tem observations. | the parakeratinized epithelium is a common and widespread type of keratinized epithelium in the oral cavity in adult birds. in contrast to orthokeratinized epithelium, which mostly covers mechanical papillae and the lingual nail, parakeratinized epithelium covers almost the entire dorsal surface of the tongue in birds. the characteristic feature of parakeratinized epithelium is the presence of nuclei in the keratinized layer. the present study aimed to investigate for the first time the micro- a ... | 2019 | 30382421 |
| identification of duck liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 and characterization of its bactericidal activity. | this study was conducted to identify duck liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) and demonstrate its antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. | 2019 | 30381731 |
| alternate routes of influenza a virus infection in mallard (anas platyrhynchos). | the natural reservoir for all influenza a viruses (iavs) is wild birds, particularly dabbling ducks. during the autumn, viral prevalence can be very high in dabbling ducks (> 30%) in the northern hemisphere, and individuals may be repeatedly infected. transmission and infection is through the fecal-oral route, whereby birds shed viruses in feces and conspecifics are infected though feeding in virus-contaminated water. in this study we wanted to assess two alternative infection routes: cloacal dr ... | 2018 | 30373662 |
| effect of stocking density on behavioral traits, blood biochemical parameters and immune responses in meat ducks exposed to heat stress. | high stocking density (hsd) and heat stress (hs) caused by climate change can lower blood homeostasis and negatively impact the behavioral traits of animals. the objective of this study was to explore the influence of stocking densities on behavioral traits, blood parameters, immune responses, and stress hormones in meat ducks (cherry valley, anas platyrhynchos) exposed to hs. a total of 320 meat ducks were assigned to four groups with different stocking densities using a randomized complete blo ... | 2018 | 32175449 |
| characterization and roles of cherry valley duck nlrp3 in innate immunity during avian pathogenic escherichia coli infection. | the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor (nlr) pyrin domain containing 3 (nlrp3) is a pattern recognition receptor that is involved in host innate immunity and located in the cytoplasm. in the present study, the full-length cdna of cherry valley duck nlrp3 (dunlrp3) (2,805 bp encode 935 amino acids) was firstly cloned from the spleen of healthy cherry valley ducks, and the phylogenetic tree indicated that the dunlrp3 has the closest relationship with anas platyrhynchos in the ... | 2018 | 30349536 |
| genetic diversity of an avian nasal schistosome causing cercarial dermatitis in the black sea-mediterranean migratory route. | this study is part of an effort to document the diversity of avian schistosomes in ducks and snails in northern iran, a major flyway (black sea/mediterranean) for migratory birds and where cercarial dermatitis (cd) is prevalent in rice growing areas. cd is an allergic skin reaction from schistosome trematodes that emerge from aquatic snails. most cd cases are reported from recreational swimmers or aquaculture farmers. much of the work on the epidemiology of cd has focused in recreational waters ... | 2018 | 30343420 |
| successful chemical ablation of an intraorbital cyst caused by an eyelid injury and iatrogenic ankyloblepharon formation in a duck. | case description a client-owned 2-year-old 1.8-kg (4-lb) male pet rouen duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) was evaluated because of severe swelling around the left eye following traumatic injury to the upper and lower eyelids and 2 associated surgeries that resulted in the removal of the entire upper and lower eyelid margins. clinical findings at initial evaluation, ankyloblepharon of the left eye was observed, with no upper or lower eyelid margins and a large, round, fluctuant subcutaneous ma ... | 2018 | 30311520 |
| a new dna marker of the tmigd1 gene used to identify high fertilization rates in tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | in a prior study, comparisons of individuals of anas platyrhynchos with higher/lower reproductive performances showed that the expression of the transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 1 (tmigd1) gene significantly differed between the two groups. here, we demonstrate that ducks with the tmigd1 gg genotype have a significantly higher fertilization rate than other tmigd1 genotypes. primers designed based on the tmigd1 sequence of pekin duck were able to successfully amplify a tmigd1 fr ... | 2018 | 30305481 |
| genomic analysis of sheldrake origin goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus, china. | goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus (ghpv) is not a naturally occurring infection in geese in china; however, ghpv infection has been identified in pekin ducks, a domestic duck species. herein, we investigated the prevalence of ghpv in five domestic duck species (liancheng white ducks, putian black ducks, shan sheldrake, shaoxing duck, and jinyun sheldrake) in china. we determined that the jinyun sheldrake duck species could be infected by ghpv with no clinical signs, whereas no infection was identif ... | 2018 | 30304886 |
| biochemical characterization of the minimal domains of an iterative eukaryotic polyketide synthase. | iterative type i polyketide synthases (pks) are megaenzymes essential to the biosynthesis of an enormously diverse array of bioactive natural products. each pks contains minimally three functional domains, β-ketosynthase (ks), acyltransferase (at), and acyl carrier protein (acp), and a subset of reducing domains such as ketoreductase (kr), dehydratase (dh), and enoylreductase (er). the substrate selection, condensation reactions, and β-keto processing of the polyketide growing chain are highly c ... | 2018 | 30300504 |
| evidence of avian poxvirus and papillomavirus infection in gyps fulvus in italy. | the identification of avian poxvirus and avian papillomavirus associated with cutaneous lesions in griffon vultures (gyps fulvus) by histopathology, electron microscopy and pcr analysis is reported. sequence analysis of the fpv140 gene revealed 99% identity to two poxviruses obtained from a white-tailed sea eagle (haliaeetus albicilla) and a common buzzard (buteo buteo). partial sequence of the papillomavirus l1 gene showed sequence similarity to papillomavirus li genes from african grey parrot ... | 2019 | 30291502 |
| genetic and biological characterization of two reassortant h5n2 avian influenza a viruses isolated from waterfowl in china in 2016. | two reassortant h5n2 viruses in which hemagglutinin (ha) was clustered into clade 2.3.4.4, were isolated from apparently healthy waterfowl in live poultry markets in eastern china in 2016. we used specific pathogen-free chickens, mallard ducks, and balb/c mice to evaluate the isolates' biological characteristics in different animal models. the newly isolated reassortant h5n2 viruses were able to cause severe disease in chickens and effective contact transmission, only at high doses. our pathogen ... | 2018 | 30269795 |
| detection of non-notifiable h4n6 avian influenza virus in poultry in great britain. | a 12-month pilot project for notifiable avian disease (nad) exclusion testing in chicken and turkey flocks in great britain (gb) offered, in partnership with industry, opportunities to carry out differential diagnosis in flocks where nad was not suspected, and to identify undetected or undiagnosed infections. in may 2014, clinical samples received from a broiler breeder chicken premises that had been experiencing health and production problems for approximately one week tested positive by avian ... | 2018 | 30269784 |
| a new tool for studying waterfowl immune and metabolic responses: molecular level analysis using kinome profiling. | here, we describe the design of an anas-specific kinome peptide array that can be used to study the immunometabolic responses of mallard and american black duck to pathogens, contaminants, and environmental stress. the peptide arrays contain 2,642 unique phosphorylate-able peptide sequences representing 1,900 proteins. these proteins cover a wide array of metabolic and immunological processes, and 758 gene ontology biological processes are statistically significantly represented on the duck pept ... | 2018 | 30250721 |
| avifauna conservation and disturbance ecology in a coastal freshwater lagoon. | this work was developed in barrinha de mira coastal lagoon, portugal. the lagoon belongs to the natura 2000 network. its main objectives were to monitor aquatic bird species before, during, and after a desorption intervention on this lagoon. monitoring of waterfowl was carried out to evaluate the monthly variation of birds in barrinha, in order to obtain useful information for region's management and planning, as well as for species preservation. in experimental design, it was decided to perform ... | 2018 | 30219949 |
| polymorphism of duck mhc class molecules. | major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc i) molecules are critically involved in defense against pathogens, and their high polymorphism is advantageous to a range of immune responses, especially in duck displaying biased expression of one mhc i gene. here, we examined mhc i polymorphism in two duck (anas platyrhynchos) breeds from china: shaoxing (sx) and jinding (jd). twenty-seven unique uaa alleles identified from the mhc i genes of these breeds were analyzed concerning amino acid composi ... | 2019 | 30187087 |
| reinvestigation of the sperm ultrastructure of hypoderaeum conoideum (digenea: echinostomatidae). | spermatological characteristics of the digenean hypoderaeum conoideum (echinostomatidae) collected from anas platyrhynchos in the lac d'annecy (france) were reinvestigated using transmission electron microscopy. the previous study on this species only describes the presence of two axonemes of unequal lengths, a mitochondrion, a posterior nucleus, and the disposition of cortical microtubules. the present ultrastructural study reveals that the mature spermatozoon of h. conoideum is a filiform cell ... | 2018 | 30173341 |
| cytotoxicity and antiangiogenic activity of turbinaria ornata agardh and padina australis hauck ethanolic extracts. | brown macroalgae species are constantly reported as potential sources of bioactive compounds useful in inhibiting cell proliferation and vascular formation. thus, this study was conducted to determine and compare the in vitro cytotoxic activities of turbinaria ornata agardh and padina australis hauck ethanolic extracts against baker's yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) using the resazurin reduction test (rrt) and investigate their in vivo antiangiogenic activity through duck (anas platyrhynchos) c ... | 2018 | 30159217 |
| where do all the subtypes go? temporal dynamics of h8-h12 influenza a viruses in waterfowl. | influenza a virus (iav) is ubiquitous in waterfowl. in the northern hemisphere iav prevalence is highest during the autumn and coincides with a peak in viral subtype diversity. although haemagglutinin subtypes h1-h12 are associated with waterfowl hosts, subtypes h8-h12 are detected very infrequently. to better understand the role of waterfowl in the maintenance of these rare subtypes, we sequenced h8-h12 viruses isolated from mallards (anas platyrhynchos) from 2002 to 2009. these rare viruses ex ... | 2018 | 30151242 |
| biological and phylogenetic characterization of a novel hemagglutination-negative avian avulavirus 6 isolated from wild waterfowl in china. | up to now only nine whole genome sequences of avian avulavirus 6 (aavv-6) had been documented in the world since the first discovery of aavv-6 (aavv-6/duck/hongkong/18/199/77) at a domestic duck in 1977 from hong kong of china. very limited information is known about the regularities of transmission, genetic and biological characteristics of aavv-6 because of the lower isolation rate and mild losses for poultry industry. to better further explore the relationships among above factors, an aavv-6 ... | 2018 | 30146734 |
| crystal structure of duck egg lysozyme isoform ii (del-ii). | lysozyme purified from duck eggs (del) has long been used as a model antigen as a counterpoint to the enzyme purified from hen eggs (hel). however, unlike the single c-type variant found in hen eggs, duck eggs contain multiple isoforms: i, ii and iii. we recently reported the structures of isoforms i and iii from pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos) and unequivocally determined the sequences of all three isoforms by mass spectrometry. here we present the crystal structure of isoform ii (del-ii). | 2018 | 30134879 |
| persistence of maternal antibodies to influenza a virus among captive mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | wild waterfowl are maintenance hosts of most influenza a virus (iav) subtypes and are often the subjects of iav surveillance and transmission models. while maternal antibodies have been detected in yolks and in nestlings for a variety of wild bird species and pathogens, the persistence of maternal antibodies to iavs in mallard ducklings (anas platyrhynchos) has not been previously investigated. nonetheless, this information is important for a full understanding of iav transmission dynamics becau ... | 2018 | 30128612 |
| type c/d botulism in the waterfowl in an urban park in italy. | this report describes an outbreak of botulism occurred among a free-living population of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and geese (anser anser) in an urban park. mortality rate among investigated population was 86,8% (118 dead out of 136). twenty-seven carcasses were collected for macroscopic examination and screened for microbiological, virological, toxicological investigations. a sick mallard was captured and neurological symptoms were observed. no causative agent of viral avian diseases was fo ... | 2018 | 30118893 |
| a note on cloning and analysis of the osteopontin gene with egg quality traits in two chinese domestic ducks. | 1. osteopontin (opn) is a highly phosphorylated acidic glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in eggshell formation. in this study, an 893-bp cdna sequence of the opn gene, which encodes 180 amino acids, was obtained. 2. polymorphisms of the opn gene were analysed with dna sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism methods in two chinese domestic laying ducks (jingding n = 100, youxian n = 478, respectively). 3. one polymorphism was identified in exon 7 (nm_ ... | 2018 | 30064255 |
| chronic lead intoxication decreases intestinal helminth species richness and infection intensity in mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | lead (pb) pollution of aquatic habitats is a known threat to vertebrate health. depending on pb dosage, resulting symptoms can be chronic (sublethal) or acute (lethal). while acute exposure results in death of the animal, chronic sublethal exposure can also have consequences, reproduction, antioxidant defense and immunity being the most affected traits. while a great deal is known about pb intoxication on avian health, relatively little is known about how intoxication impacts parasites dependent ... | 2018 | 29981515 |
| the novel histological evidence of the blood-spleen barrier in duck (anas platyrhynchos). | to identify the existence and composition of the blood-spleen barrier (bsb) in ducks, the microanatomical structures of the duck spleen were investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy, silver staining, enzymatic histochemistry and intravenous injection of ink. the endothelial cells of the sheathed capillaries were cuboidal-shaped and surrounded by an ellipsoid consisting of reticular cells, similar to high endothelial venules (hevs). after ink injection, carbon particles were ini ... | 2019 | 29971756 |
| a preliminary survey on gastrointestinal parasites of domestic ducks in ahvaz, southwest iran. | despite ducks being birds resistant to infection, the favorable habitat of ducks such as subtropical climate or stagnant water is also a perfect place for survival of the parasites. | 2020 | 29963096 |
| host specificity and age-dependent resistance to cryptosporidium avium infection in chickens, ducks and pheasants. | host- and age-specificity of cryptosporidium avium were studied in 1-, 21- and 365-day-old chickens (gallus gallus), domestic ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and ring-necked pheasants (phasianus colchicus) under experimental conditions. cryptosporidium avium was not infectious for ring-necked pheasants, but it was infectious for ducks and chickens at all age categories. the course of infection in ducks did not differ among age categories, but 365-day-old chickens had less severe infections than 1- an ... | 2018 | 29959916 |
| thyroid hormone manipulation influences development of cardiovascular regulation in embryonic pekin duck, anas platyrhynchos domestica. | thyroid hormones are key regulators of avian metabolism and may play a significant role in development at hatching. to better understand the role of thyroid hormones in avian development, we examined autonomic control of heart rate and blood pressure while manipulating thyroid hormone levels in the late stage embryonic pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica). thyroid hormone levels were manipulated on day 24 of a 28-day incubation period with the thyroperoxidase inhibitor methimazole (mmi), tr ... | 2018 | 29948159 |
| a new method for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism in a female reproduction-associated gene, tmigd1, of anas platyrhynchos using a strip biosensor with gold nanoparticles. | in this study, we first reported a lateral flow assay combined with primer extension (pext) and gold nanoparticles for single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp) genotyping of the tmigd1 gene of the tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos), which has the advantages of simplicity of operation, cost-effectiveness, and time-saving. gold nanoparticles were tailed with thiol-thymine oligodeoxyribonucleotides (thiol-(dt)30) using the salt-aging method at 25°c and used as a label in a lateral flow assay. the latera ... | 2018 | 29945164 |
| expression of immune genes rig-i and mx in mallard ducks infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai): a dataset. | this article provides data on primer sequences used to amplify the innate immune genes rig-i and mx and a set of normalizing reference genes in mallards (anas platyrhynchos), and shows which reference genes are stable, per tissue, for our experimental settings. data on the expressional changes of these two genes over a time-course of infection with low pathogenic avian influenza virus (lpai) are provided. individual-level data are also presented, including lpai infection load, and per tissue gen ... | 2018 | 29904657 |
| prevalence of multiple subtypes of avian influenza virus antibodies in egg yolks of mallards ( anas platyrhynchos) and white-winged terns ( chlidonias leucopterus) in the northeastern republic of china. | wild birds are natural hosts of avian influenza viruses (aiv) and can transmit viruses to poultry and other species. to monitor the prevalence of aiv antibodies, 211 eggs from wild mallards ( anas platyrhynchos) and 177 from wild white-winged terns ( chlidonias leucopterus) were collected from zhalong wetland and xianghai wetland in northeastern republic of china from april to september, 2016. a hemagglutinin inhibition test detected the presence of h1, h3, h5, and h7 subtype-specific antibodies ... | 2018 | 29894211 |
| endozoochory by mallard in new zealand: what seeds are dispersed and how far? | in europe and north america waterfowl are major dispersers of aquatic and terrestrial plants, but in new zealand their role has yet to be investigated. mallards were introduced to new zealand in the late 1800s, and today they are the most abundant and widespread waterfowl in the country. to assess seed dispersal, we radiomarked 284 female mallards from two study sites during the pre-breeding (june-august) and breeding (august-december) periods in 2014-2015, and examined movements that occurred w ... | 2018 | 29844967 |
| dynamic transcriptome profiling towards understanding the morphogenesis and development of diverse feather in domestic duck. | feathers with complex and fine structure are hallmark avian integument appendages, which have contributed significantly to the survival and breeding for birds. here, we aimed to explore the differentiation, morphogenesis and development of diverse feathers in the domestic duck. | 2018 | 29793441 |
| reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 of highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n6) virus, taiwan, 2017. | a highly pathogenic avian influenza a(h5n6) virus of clade 2.3.4.4 was detected in a domestic duck found dead in taiwan during february 2017. the endemic situation and continued evolution of various reassortant highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in taiwan warrant concern about further reassortment and a fifth wave of intercontinental spread. | 2018 | 29774853 |
| detection of low pathogenicity influenza a(h7n3) virus during duck mortality event, cambodia, 2017. | in january 2017, an estimated 3,700 (93%) of 4,000 khaki campbell ducks (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) died in kampong thom province, cambodia. we detected low pathogenicity avian influenza a(h7n3) virus and anatid herpesvirus 1 (duck plague) in the affected flock; however, the exact cause of the mortality event remains unclear. | 2018 | 29774842 |
| draft genome sequence of riemerella anatipestifer isolate 17cs0503. | riemerella anatipestifer is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family flavobacteriaceae it is primarily associated with acute septicemia in younger birds. the r. anatipestifer isolate 17cs0503 described here was isolated from a peking duck (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in hannover, germany, in 1999. | 2018 | 29773616 |
| the differentiation of preadipocytes and gene expression related to adipogenesis in ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | meat quality is closely related to adipose tissues in ducks, and adipogenesis is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors tightly acting at different stages of differentiation especially in ducks. the aim of this study was to establish the preadipocyte in vitro culture system and understand the biological characteristics of expansion of duck adipocyte tissue at the cellular and molecular level. we isolated pre-adipocytes from the subcutaneous fat of three breeds of duck and diffe ... | 2018 | 29771917 |
| characterizing early embryonic development of brown tsaiya ducks (anas platyrhynchos) in comparison with taiwan country chicken (gallus gallus domestics). | avian embryos are among the most convenient and the primary representatives for the study of classical embryology. it is well-known that the hatching time of duck embryos is approximately one week longer than that of chicken embryos. however, the key features associated with the slower embryonic development in ducks have not been adequately described. this study aimed to characterize the pattern and the speed of early embryogenesis in brown tsaiya ducks (btd) compared with those in taiwan countr ... | 2018 | 29742160 |
| adipogenic genes expression in relation to hepatic steatosis in the liver of two duck species. | some studies have shown that expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg), a key regulator of adipogenesis, and of some adipocyte-specific genes or adipokines are expressed in hepatic steatosis, leading to the concept of 'adipogenic hepatic steatosis' or 'hepatic adiposis.' most of these studies were conducted in genetic obese mouse models or after manipulation of gene expression. the relevance of this concept to other species and more physiological models was here addr ... | 2018 | 29720294 |
| bioaccumulation and distribution of hexabromocyclododecane isomers in duck tissues. | eighty ducks (sheldrake, anas platyrhynchos) from zhejiang province, china were fed capsules containing commercialized hexabromocyclododecanes (hbcds) at low (0.8 mg/kg/day) or high (1.6 mg/kg/day) exposure level, or only maize starch for 21 days. then the next 21 days was set as depuration period. ducks were euthanizated at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after last dose and ten duck tissues including skin, tongue, intestines, heart, gizzard, muscle, liver, lung, brain and blood were sampled, separately. ... | 2018 | 29713751 |
| genomic and biological characterization of newcastle disease viruses isolated from migratory mallards (anas platyrhynchos). | given the global evolutionary dynamics of newcastle disease viruses (ndvs), it is imperative to continue extensive surveillance, routine monitoring and characterization of isolates originating from natural reservoirs (waterfowls). in this report, we isolated and characterized two virulent ndv strains from clinically healthy mallard (anas platyrhynchos). both isolates had a genome of 15,192 nucleotides encoding six genes in an order of 3´-np-p-m-f-hn-l-5´. the biological characteristics (mean dea ... | 2018 | 29707734 |
| characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 virus from egyptian domestic waterfowl in 2017. | in 2016, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 virus was detected in wild birds for the first time in egypt. in the present study, we identified the hpai virus h5n8 of clade 2.3.4.4 from domestic waterfowl in egypt, suggesting its transmission to the domestic poultry from the migratory birds. based on partial haemagglutinin gene sequence, this virus has a close genetic relationship with subtype h5n8 viruses circulating in asia and europe. pathologically, h5n8 virus in hybrid duck ind ... | 2018 | 29701481 |
| heterosubtypic immunity increases infectious dose required to infect mallard ducks with influenza a virus. | previous field and experimental studies have demonstrated that heterosubtypic immunity (hsi) is a potential driver of influenza a virus (iav) prevalence and subtype diversity in mallards. prior infection with iav can reduce viral shedding during subsequent reinfection with iav that have genetically related hemagglutinins (ha). in this experiment, we evaluated the effect of hsi conferred by an h3n8 iav infection against increasing challenge doses of closely (h4n6) and distantly (h6n2) related iav ... | 2018 | 29698449 |
| a novel technique for extracapsular repair of the intertarsal joint in a duck. | the intertarsal joint is a synovial roll-and-glide joint. ligament damage and luxations of this joint are often the result of traumatic injury or growth deformities and result in significant functional impairment. a 9-month-old female pekin duck ( anas platyrhynchos domesticus) was examined because of progressive, nonweight-bearing lameness of the left leg. moderate effusive swelling was present at the level of the left intertarsal joint, without radiographic evidence of bone involvement. the du ... | 2018 | 29698066 |
| replication and pathogenic potential of influenza a virus subtypes h3, h7, and h15 from free-range ducks in bangladesh in mammals. | surveillance of wild aquatic birds and free-range domestic ducks in the tanguar haor wetlands in bangladesh has identified influenza virus subtypes h3n6, h7n1, h7n5, h7n9, and h15n9. molecular characterization of these viruses indicates their contribution to the genesis of new genotypes of h5n1 influenza viruses from clade 2.3.2.1a that are dominant in poultry markets in bangladesh as well as to the genesis of the highly pathogenic h5n8 virus currently causing disease outbreaks in domestic poult ... | 2018 | 29691394 |
| molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of c/ebp α, β and δ in adipose-related tissues and adipocyte of duck (anas platyrhynchos). | ccaat/enhancer binding protein α, β, δ (c/ebp α, β, δ) are essential transcriptional factors in regulating adipose development. however, information about their sequence characteristics and functions during adipocyte development still remains scarce in birds. in present study, we found that duck c/ebp α, β, δ differed in their phosphorylation sites and low complexity regions (lcrs) among their orthologs and paralogs. phylogenetic analysis showed that c/ebp α, β, δ had different evolutionary patt ... | 2018 | 29684538 |
| tmem150c/tentonin3 is a regulator of mechano-gated ion channels. | neuronal mechano-sensitivity relies on mechano-gated ion channels, but pathways regulating their activity remain poorly understood. tmem150c was proposed to mediate mechano-activated current in proprioceptive neurons. here, we studied functional interaction of tmem150c with mechano-gated ion channels from different classes (piezo2, piezo1, and the potassium channel trek-1) using two independent methods of mechanical stimulation. we found that tmem150c significantly prolongs the duration of the m ... | 2018 | 29669276 |
| study of an outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza h5n8 in commercial pekin ducks ( anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in california. | a february 2015 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) h5n8 in a flock of commercial pekin ducks ( anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in california was investigated in detail. approximately 17,349 five-wk-old ducks experienced an increased mortality from a normal of eight birds per day to 24, 18, 24, 33, and 61 birds per day, respectively, in the last 5 days prior to flock depopulation. clinically, there was decreased water and feed consumption, and approximately 1.0% of the affected f ... | 2018 | 29620470 |
| interactions between seed traits and digestive processes determine the germinability of bird-dispersed seeds. | waterbirds disperse a wide range of plant seeds via their guts, promoting biotic connectivity between isolated habitat patches. however, the intensity of digestive forces encountered by seeds, and therefore their potential to survive digestive tract passage, varies within and between waterbird species. here, we investigate under controlled conditions how the interaction between seed traits and digestive strategies affect the germinability of seeds following waterbird-mediated dispersal. we expos ... | 2018 | 29614085 |
| transfer of egg white proteins and activation of proteases during the development of anas platyrhynchos domestica embryo. | the route of egg white transfer into the yolk and the mechanisms underlying the digestion of egg proteins are unexplored in the fertilized egg of the duck, anas platyrhynchos domestica. here, we investigated the route(s) of egg white transfer and we determined the type of activated proteases during duck embryo development. initially, we tested the electrophoretic patterns of egg proteins throughout development. then, we used lysozyme as a reference protein to follow egg white transfer and we mea ... | 2018 | 29575915 |