| microbiological and serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. | in europe, lyme borreliosis is caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. afzelii, b. garinii and the recently described species b. spielmanii. for the development of diagnostic tools, the heterogeneity of the causative agents must be considered. the serological diagnosis should follow the principle of a two-step procedure: a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis as the first step, followed by immunoblot (igm and igg) if reactive. the sensitivity and standardization of immunoblots ... | 2007 | 17266710 |
| [lyme disease in childhood: an imported disease?]. | | 2007 | 17266860 |
| complementation of a borrelia afzelii ospc mutant highlights the crucial role of ospc for dissemination of borrelia afzelii in ixodes ricinus. | alteration of the outer surface protein (osp) composition--especially that of ospa and ospc--seems to be important for the adaptation of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato to its endothermic hosts (mammals) and poikilothermic vectors (ticks). ospa possibly mediates adherence to tick midgut cells thus enabling the borreliae to survive in the vector, while ospc is associated with borrelial invasion of the tick salivary glands and infection of the mammalian hosts. here we describe the first successful ... | 2007 | 17267282 |
| [lymphocytoma cutis benigna. case report of a 9 year old boy]. | infectious conditions of the infantile genitals are a diagnostic challenge. one of the rare differential diagnoses is lymphocytoma cutis benigna. we report a case of borrelial lymphocytoma of the glans penis in a 9 year old boy. based on this case, the clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of this rare form of dermatoborreliosis are discussed. | 2007 | 17268755 |
| association between polyarthritis and thrombocytopenia and increased prevalence of vectorborne pathogens in californian dogs. | | 2007 | 17277299 |
| mice lacking cd21 and cd35 proteins mount effective immune responses against borrelia burgdorferi infection. | cd21/35(-/-) mice, deficient in cd21 and cd35 (complement receptors 2 and 1, respectively), were infected with borrelia burgdorferi to assess the role of these receptors in a chronic bacterial infection. although cd21/35(-/-) mice on both c57bl/6 and balb/c backgrounds produced less b. burgdorferi-specific antibodies than did wild-type mice, spirochete levels and arthritis severity were similar. | 2007 | 17283093 |
| molecular characterization of tickborne relapsing fever borrelia, israel. | | 2006 | 17283626 |
| lack of detectable variation at borrelia burgdorferi vlse locus in ticks. | vlse is a surface exposed lipoprotein of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. spirochetes are able to generate many antigenic variants of vlse by dna recombination at the vlse locus. novel vlse antigenic variants are readily observed in mice infected with b. burgdorferi. we followed a clonal population of spirochetes through a tick transmission cycle and report that unlike in vertebrates, the vlse locus is stable in ticks. | 2007 | 17294937 |
| propensity to excessive proinflammatory response in chronic lyme borreliosis. | the clinical course of lyme borreliosis is extremely variable. however, all the clinical manifestations, acute or chronic, are characterized by strong inflammation. borrelia burgdorferi can induce the production of several proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. the aim of our study was to find out whether the balance between inflammatory and regulatory mechanisms is important in determining the course of lyme borreliosis. 13 patients with early lyme borreliosis, 8 patients with chronic ... | 2007 | 17295680 |
| [detection of dna of borrelia circulating in novosibirsk region]. | detection of dna of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato was performed by pcr in taiga ticks ixodes persulcatus, in blood samples and skin bioptates of small forest mammals, and in blood and urine samples of humans after attaching of ticks events. in novosibirsk region both in natural reservoir and in patients with ixodes ticks-borne borreliosis dna of borrelia garinii and borrelia afzelii are detected. dna of these borrelia were detected in 8 from 72 of taiga ticks, in 36 from 298 of blood and skin ... | 2006 | 17297875 |
| diagnosis and treatment of the neuromuscular manifestations of lyme disease. | although estimates vary, the nervous system appears to be involved in 10% to 15% of patients infected with borrelia burgdorferi. the resulting disorders, known collectively as neuroborreliosis or nervous system lyme disease, generally respond well to antimicrobial therapy. definitive treatment of nervous system infection typically consists of 2 to 4 weeks of parenteral ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, or high-dose penicillin (class iii). however, numerous european studies have shown that oral doxycyclin ... | 2007 | 17298770 |
| clonal diversification in ospa-specific antibodies from peripheral circulation of a chronic lyme arthritis patient. | chronic, antibiotic treatment-resistant lyme arthritis develops in a subset of patients following infection with the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi and persists after apparent microbial clearance. igg responses to outer surface protein (osp) a, an abundant spirochetal lipoprotein, correlate with both severity and duration of joint inflammation. characterization of this ospa-directed antibody response is, therefore, important for understanding some of the mechanisms that sustain persi ... | 2007 | 17307198 |
| clinical features and specific immunological response to borrelia afzelii in patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. | acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) occurs mostly in europe. borrelia afzelii is considered to be responsible for this manifestation of lyme borreliosis. the aim of the study was to observe the clinical features of the aca and evaluate the specific immunological response to borrelia afzelii. nine patients from an endemic lyme borreliosis region in northeastern poland were studied. the serum samples were tested routinely with ifa and eia and, following testing, with immunoblots using borrel ... | 1999 | 17312680 |
| lyme disease followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis in a kidney transplant recipient. | we report the case of a kidney transplant recipient who developed lyme disease, followed by human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) 3 years later. a review of all previously published cases of lyme disease (3 cases), hga (5 cases), and human monocytic ehrlichiosis (hme) (5 cases) in transplant recipients is presented. manifestations of the cases reviewed were similar to those of non-transplant patients. there appeared to be no obvious correlation between immunosuppression and the occurrence of the ... | 2007 | 17313478 |
| detection of dna from a range of bacterial species in the knee joints of dogs with inflammatory knee arthritis and associated degenerative anterior cruciate ligament rupture. | mixtures of bacterial nucleic acids can often be detected in synovial joints affected with arthritis. we investigated the potential role of such mixtures of bacterial nucleic acids in the pathogenesis of arthritis in a naturally occurring canine model. dogs with a common inflammatory knee arthritis in which associated pathological degenerative anterior cruciate ligament (acl) rupture often develops were studied. synovial biopsies were obtained from 43 dogs with the naturally occurring acl ruptur ... | 2007 | 17320342 |
| borrelia lusitaniae and green lizards (lacerta viridis), karst region, slovakia. | in europe, spirochetes within the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex are transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks. specific associations are described between reservoir hosts and individual genospecies. we focused on green lizard (lacerta viridis) as a host for ticks and potential host for borreliae. in 2004 and 2005, a total of 146 green lizards infested by ticks were captured, and 469 i. ricinus ticks were removed. borrelial infection was detected in 16.6% of ticks from lizards. of 102 skin bi ... | 2006 | 17326941 |
| borrelia garinii in seabird ticks (ixodes uriae), atlantic coast, north america. | borrelia garinii is the most neurotropic of the genospecies of b. burgdorferi sensu lato that cause lyme disease in europe, where it is transmitted to avian and mammalian reservoir hosts and to humans by ixodes ricinus. b. garinii is also maintained in an enzootic cycle in seabirds by i. uriae, a tick found at high latitudes in both the northern and southern hemispheres. to determine whether b. garinii is present in seabird ticks on the atlantic coast of north america, we examined 261 i. uriae t ... | 2006 | 17326943 |
| modulatory effect of cattle on risk for lyme disease. | to determine the effect of cattle on the risk for lyme disease, we compared the prevalence of spirochete infection in questing vector ticks collected from a pasture with low-intensity cattle grazing with the prevalence in those collected from a site on which no cattle grazed. the presence of cattle limited the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi s.l., but not b. miyamotoi, in vector ticks. the reintroduction of traditional, nonintensive agriculture in central europe may help reduce risk for lyme ... | 2006 | 17326945 |
| molecular methods used in clinical laboratory: prospects and pitfalls. | the role of molecular detection, identification and typing or fingerprinting of microorganisms has shifted gradually from the academic world to the routine diagnostic laboratory. molecular methods have been used increasingly over the past decade to improve the sensitivity, specificity and turn-around time in the clinical laboratory. molecular methods have also been used to identify new and nonculturable agents. many high-throughput molecular tests are now available commercially, which impacts on ... | 2007 | 17328752 |
| coinfection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia garinii alters the course of murine lyme borreliosis. | ixodes ricinus ticks and mice can be infected with both borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto and borrelia garinii. the effect of coinfection with these two borrelia species on the development of murine lyme borreliosis is unknown. therefore, we investigated whether coinfection with the nonarthritogenic b. garinii strain pbi and the arthritogenic b. burgdorferi sensu stricto strain b31 alters murine lyme borreliosis. mice simultaneously infected with pbi and b31 showed significantly more paw swelli ... | 2007 | 17328756 |
| hydrophobic surface burial is the major stability determinant of a flat, single-layer beta-sheet. | formation of a flat beta-sheet is a fundamental event in beta-sheet-mediated protein self-assembly. to investigate the contributions of various factors to the stability of flat beta-sheets, we performed extensive alanine-scanning mutagenesis experiments on the single-layer beta-sheet segment of borrelia outer surface protein a (ospa). this beta-sheet segment consists of beta-strands with highly regular geometries that can serve as a building block for self-assembly. our ala-scanning approach is ... | 2007 | 17335845 |
| [lyme disease could mimic dermatomyositis]. | we report a dermatomyositis associated with lyme disease. observation: a 73-years-old woman has developed for 5 months an asthenia, a periorbital oedema and a forearm's skin infiltration without other signs suggesting of dermatomyositis. laboratory studies showed an elevation of muscular enzymes, and inflammation signs. the skin and the muscles biopsies were compatible with the diagnostic of dermatomyositis. the patient was seropositive for lyme disease. the patient was efficiently treated with ... | 2007 | 17337098 |
| rickettsial and other tick-borne infections. | tick bites are best prevented by people avoiding tick-infested areas. when this is not possible, tick bites may be prevented by the wearing of long trousers that are tucked into boots. the best method to avoid tick bites is twofold: application of a topical deet (n,n-diethyl-m-toluamide) repellent to exposed skin, and treatment of clothing with permethrin. this system is currently used by the us army to protect soldiers. ticks can crawl underneath clothing and bite untreated portions of the body ... | 2007 | 17338947 |
| myd88- and bruton's tyrosine kinase-mediated signals are essential for t cell-independent pathogen-specific igm responses. | bacteremia is one of the leading causes of death by infectious disease. to understand the immune mechanisms required for the rapid control of bacteremia, we studied borrelia hermsii, a bacterial pathogen that colonizes the blood stream of humans and rodents to an extremely high density. a t cell-independent igm response is essential and sufficient for controlling b. hermsii bacteremia. mice deficient in bruton's tyrosine kinase (btk), despite their known defect in bcr signaling, generated b. her ... | 2007 | 17339472 |
| first report of anaplasma phagocytophilum and its co-infections with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) from republic of moldova. | we examined 198 questing ixodes ricinus ticks collected in chisinau city, republic of moldova by pcr assays for anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and co-infection of both pathogens, which were detected in 9%, 25.2% and 2.5% of tested ticks, respectively. b. burgdorferi s.l. genotyping revealed the presence of five genospecies with dominance of b. garinii. our preliminary study provides evidence about occurrence of both pathogens in this populated area, which represent a ... | 2007 | 17342346 |
| borreliacidal ospc antibody response of canines with lyme disease differs significantly from that of humans with lyme disease. | humans reliably produce high concentrations of borreliacidal ospc antibodies specific for the seven c-terminal amino acids shortly after infection with borrelia burgdorferi. we show that dogs also produce ospc borreliacidal antibodies but that their frequencies, intensities, and antigenicities differ significantly. the findings therefore confirm a major difference between the borreliacidal antibody responses of humans and canines with lyme disease. | 2007 | 17344346 |
| [neurologic and psychiatric manifestations of lyme disease]. | the neurological and psychiatric manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato are so numerous that borrelia is also called the "new great imitator". thus knowing about the multiple clinical aspects of neuroborreliosis is necessary for the clinician. we reviewed literature for "classical" neuroborreliosis such as acute meningoradiculitis or chronicle encephalomyelitis, but also for encephalitis, myelitis, polyneuritis, radiculitis and more controversial disorders such as chronic neurological ... | 2007 | 17350199 |
| outer surface protein b is critical for borrelia burgdorferi adherence and survival within ixodes ticks. | survival of borrelia burgdorferi in ticks and mammals is facilitated, at least in part, by the selective expression of lipoproteins. outer surface protein (osp) a participates in spirochete adherence to the tick gut. as ospb is expressed on a bicistronic operon with ospa, we have now investigated the role of ospb by generating an ospb-deficient b. burgdorferi and examining its phenotype throughout the spirochete life cycle. similar to wild-type isolates, the ospb-deficient b. burgdorferi were ab ... | 2007 | 17352535 |
| high production of cxcl13 in blood and brain during persistent infection with the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae. | relapsing fever (rf) is a multisystemic borrelial infection with frequent neurologic involvement referred to as neuroborreliosis. the absence of an effective antibody response results in persistent infection. to study the consequences to the brain of persistent infection with the rf spirochete borrelia turicatae, we studied b cell (igh6-/-) and b and t (rag1-/-) cell-deficient mice inoculated with isogenic serotypes 1 (bt1) or 2 (bt2). we found that bt1 was more tissue tropic than bt2, not only ... | 2007 | 17356382 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks and human granulocytic anaplasmosis seroprevalence among forestry rangers in białystok region. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis, former ehrlichiosis, is a tick-borne zoonosis of increasing recognition. the aim of the study was: 1) to assess the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in ixodes ricinus ticks collected in recreational forests in bialystok vicinity, the capital of podlaskie voivodship; 2) to evaluate the prevalence of igg and igm antibodies to a. phagocytophilum among forestry rangers from the same region. | 2006 | 17357327 |
| [could aspecific symptoms be related to borrelia infection?]. | chronic manifestations (knee arthritis, encephalomyelitis, axonal polyneuropathy) may occur in the late phase of lyme disease. contrasting with such well-defined manifestations, the "post-lyme syndrome" includes symptoms such as fatigue, algia, malaise, cognitive disorders, after treatment of a documented lyme disease. the analysis of clinical, neuropsychological, bacteriological, immunological, epidemiological, quality of life, and treatment data does not support the reality of such a syndrome. ... | 2007 | 17360137 |
| [biologic diagnosis of lyme borreliosis]. | lyme borreliosis (lb) is a multisystemic infection transmitted by ticks. its diagnosis is based on clinical and biological criteria. these criteria could be different in europe than in the usa, because of the existence of multiples strains of borrelia in europe. in primary stage of lb, the diagnosis is often clinical. in the secondary stage, lb diagnosis is established with an elisa serology confirmed by a western blot. the interpretation criteria of these laboratory tests should follow european ... | 2007 | 17360138 |
| ospc phylogenetic analyses support the feasibility of a broadly protective polyvalent chimeric lyme disease vaccine. | using available borrelia outer surface protein c (ospc) sequences, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken to delineate the number of antigenic domains required for inclusion in a broadly protective, chimeric, ospc-based lyme disease vaccine. the data indicate that approximately 34 would be required and that an ospc-based vaccinogen is feasible. | 2007 | 17360854 |
| anti-p19 antibody treatment exacerbates lyme arthritis and enhances borreliacidal activity. | considerable effort has been made to elucidate the mechanism of lyme arthritis. we focused on p19, a cell cycle-regulating molecule, because it is known to inhibit cell cycle division of t lymphocytes which may be responsible for the induction of arthritis. we show that anti-p19 antibody treatment enhances the inflammatory response normally detected at the tibiotarsal joints of borrelia burgdorferi-vaccinated and borrelia bissettii-challenged mice. specifically, anti-p19 antibody treatment augme ... | 2007 | 17360856 |
| wildlife, environment and (re)-emerging zoonoses, with special reference to sylvatic tick-borne zoonoses in north-western italy. | over the last century, changes in land-use, modification of agriculture-livestock production systems, disruption of wildlife habitats, increase of human activities, higher frequency of international and intercontinental travels, wider circulation of animals and animal products have contributed to alter the distribution, presence and density of hosts and vectors. as a result, the number of emerging and reemerging diseases, including zoonoses, have greatly increased. some infectious pathogens, ori ... | 2006 | 17361062 |
| myasthenia and neuroborreliosis with excessively high acetylcholine-receptor antibodies. | in a 29-y-old male with neuroborreliosis, partially responsive to ceftriaxone, myasthenia gravis with acetylcholine-receptor antibodies elevated almost 1000 times the upper reference limit was diagnosed. pyridostigmine resolved all remaining neurological deficits. during a 1-y follow-up the patient remained symptom free, despite persistently high acetylcholine-receptor antibodies. they were attributed to epitope homology of the acetylcholine receptors and borrelia surface antigens. | 2007 | 17366045 |
| lyme disease guidelines--it's time to move forward. | | 2007 | 17366465 |
| concerns regarding the infectious diseases society of america lyme disease clinical practice guidelines. | | 2007 | 17366466 |
| accuracy of recommendations in the infectious diseases society of america clinical practice guidelines for lyme disease. | | 2007 | 17366467 |
| detection and identification of anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, and rickettsia helvetica in danish ixodes ricinus ticks. | borreliosis is an endemic infection in denmark. recent serosurveys have indicated that human anaplasmosis may be equally common. the aim of this study was to look for anaplasma phagocytophilum and related pathogens in ixodes ricinus ticks and estimate their prevalence, compared to borrelia, using pcr. ticks were collected from three locations in denmark: jutland, funen, and bornholm. ticks from jutland and funen were analysed individually, ticks from bornholm were analysed in pools of 20. a. pha ... | 2007 | 17367468 |
| [treatment of lyme borreliosis secondary and tertiary stages]. | the treatment of secondary and tertiary lyme borreliosis is difficult because of antibiotic lack of efficacy. this fact may be explained by several factors: the specific pathophysiology, involving not only the presence of bacteria, but also immunological reactions. there is no specific method of diagnosis resulting in difficulties for good indication of treatment and to evaluate treatment efficacy. the literature review shows that ceftriaxone and doxycycline are the two most efficient antibiotic ... | 2007 | 17367972 |
| [what primary prevention should be used to prevent lyme disease?]. | arthropod-borne diseases are a real public health problem. one of these, lyme disease, is a bacterial infection due to borrelia spp., transmitted by a hard tick, ixodes spp.. the infection is particularly prevalent in the northern hemisphere and primary prevention relies on the use of repellents for cloth impregnation (pyrethroids) or for skin application (deet). pyrethroids and deet are the two most studied repellents. the concentration of the active principle is essential to get a real repelle ... | 2007 | 17368782 |
| [clinical diagnosis of lyme borreliosis in case of joint and muscular presentations]. | the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis in case of joint and muscular presentations is generally suggested by epidemiological factors. however, as a rule, laboratory testing is required to confirm the diagnosis. when considering the epidemiology of lyme borreliosis in france, the only areas free of ticks infected by borrelia burgdorgeri sl, are those close to the mediterranean sea or at high altitude. the risk is greatest in the alsace region. exposure is particularly high among forest workers and peo ... | 2007 | 17368783 |
| tickborne relapsing fever diagnosis obscured by malaria, togo. | given the prevalence of relapsing fever (rf) in senegal, this disease may cause illness and death in other areas of west africa. we performed a cross-sectional, clinic-based study to investigate the presence of rf in togo during 2002-2004. blood samples from patients with fever were examined for rf spirochetes by microscopy, pcr, and dna sequencing of amplicons and for antibodies to the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase antigen. although no spirochetes were seen in blood smears, approximat ... | 2007 | 17370524 |
| infection of mice with lyme disease spirochetes constitutively producing outer surface proteins a and b. | outer surface protein a (ospa) of the lyme disease spirochete is primarily produced in the tick vector. ospa, which is a receptor for attaching spirochetes to the tick gut, is down regulated as the spirochetes leave the tick and enter the mammalian host. although ospa is not a major antigen produced in the mammal, the protein appears to be produced under some conditions and production has been linked to more severe disease. a lyme disease vaccine based on recombinant ospa has been approved for h ... | 2007 | 17371860 |
| temporal expression analysis of the borrelia burgdorferi paralogous gene family 54 genes bba64, bba65, and bba66 during persistent infection in mice. | members of the borrelia burgdorferi paralogous gene family 54 (pgf 54) are regulated by conditions simulating mammalian infection and are thought to be instrumental in borrelial host survival and pathogenesis. to explore the activities of these genes in vivo, a comprehensive analysis of pgf 54 genes bba64, bba65, and bba66 was performed to assess the genetic stability, host antibody responses, and kinetics of gene expression in the murine model of persistent infection. dna sequencing of pgf 54 g ... | 2007 | 17371862 |
| multilocus sequence analysis of atypical borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates--description of borrelia californiensis sp. nov., and genomospecies 1 and 2. | taxonomy of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) was recently improved by the use of multilocus sequence analysis (mlsa), a new approach to replace the cumbersome dna-dna hybridization method [richter et al., 2006. int. j. syst. evol. microbiol. 156, 873-881]. in this study, we used this methodology to classify b. burgdorferi s.l. strains isolated both in europe and the united states, the exact taxonomic status of which remained unclear. we conclude that mlsa can surpass the discrimination pow ... | 2007 | 17374507 |
| identification of an ospc operator critical for immune evasion of borrelia burgdorferi. | timely expression of the outer surface protein c (ospc) is crucial for the pathogenic strategy of the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. the pathogen abundantly expresses ospc during initial infection when the antigen is required, but downregulates when its presence poses a threat to the spirochetes once the anti-ospc humoral response has developed. here, we show that a large palindromic sequence immediately upstream of the ospc promoter is essential for the repression of ospc express ... | 2007 | 17376084 |
| borrelia burgdorferi potently activates bone marrow-derived conventional dendritic cells for production of il-23 required for il-17 release by t cells. | lyme borreliosis is characterized by cellular inflammatory responses at multiple body sites. recently, an association of interleukin-17 (il-17) and lyme arthritis was suggested. in this context, it is of special interest that the heterodimeric cytokine il-23 can act on t cells and initiate the up-regulation of effector cytokines such as il-17. to determine the role of this specific cytokine cascade for the induction of subsequently induced proinflammatory events we developed an in vitro system t ... | 2007 | 17378899 |
| ige anti-borrelia burgdorferi components (p18, p31, p34, p41, p45, p60) and increased blood cd8+cd60+ t cells in children with lyme disease. | immunoglobulin (ig) e may provide immunity against borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease) in children which lasts throughout adulthood. we investigated the presence and persistence of ige anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies (abs) in paediatric patients infected with lyme disease over time. serum immunoglobulin levels, presence of igg and ige anti-b. burgdorferi components, and distributions of blood t, b and natural killer lymphocyte subsets were studied in b. burgdorferi-infected and -uninfec ... | 2007 | 17386029 |
| [dermatological aspects of lyme borreliosis]. | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne zoonosis due to bacterial infection by borrelia (b.) burgdorferi sensu lato the disease presents differently in europe or north america and may be called european borreliosis when acquired in europe. lyme borreliosis evolves in 3 stages. the main manifestations include cutaneous, neurological, and joint involvement. erythema migrans (em) is the most specific and most frequent finding in patients with lyme borreliosis. it is the hallmark of early-localized borreli ... | 2007 | 17391884 |
| high levels of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines in joint fluid and synovial tissue throughout the course of antibiotic-refractory lyme arthritis. | to investigate the possible role of chemokines and cytokines in the pathogenesis of lyme arthritis. | 2007 | 17393419 |
| role of novel protein kinase c isoforms in lyme arthritis. | inflammation caused by borrelia burgdorferi infection occurs as a result of induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines from activation of multiple signalling pathways. it has previously been shown that mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signalling pathways are activated by b. burgdorferi in cultured human chondrocytes. protein kinase c (pkc) signalling pathways are potential candidates that may control these downstream signallin ... | 2007 | 17394560 |
| [lyme disease: prophylaxis after tick bite]. | lyme disease is a bacterial infection caused by borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by infected ticks. the transmission depends on several factors, especially on the duration of the tick's presence in the host body (the nymph which is smaller than the adults and thus less visible, is in this case the most frequently involved) and on whether the tick is infected or not. the interpretation of results in the few available studies is made difficult by the lack of information obtained (due to ... | 2007 | 17399928 |
| description of lyme disease-like syndrome in brazil. is it a new tick borne disease or lyme disease variation? | an emerging clinical entity that reproduces clinical manifestations similar to those observed in lyme disease (ld) has been recently under discussion in brazil. due to etiological and laboratory particularities it is named ld-like syndrome or ld imitator syndrome. the condition is considered to be a zoonosis transmitted by ticks of the genus amblyomma, possibly caused by interaction of multiple fastidious microorganisms originating a protean clinical picture, including neurological, osteoarticul ... | 2007 | 17401487 |
| seronegative lyme neuroborreliosis in a patient on treatment for chronic lymphatic leukemia. | we report on a patient who developed seronegative lyme neuroborreliosis complicating chemotherapy for chronic lymphatic leukemia. after the fifth cycle of chemotherapy (fcr: fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab and prednisone) the 63-year-old patient developed night sweat, arthralgia in elbows, wrists, proximal interphalangeal joints (pips) and strong neuropathic pain in both legs, followed by paresthesia and hypesthesia in the feet, arms and face. laboratory analysis revealed an elevated c- ... | 2007 | 17401717 |
| cd14 mediates cross talk between mononuclear cells and fibroblasts for upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 by borrelia burgdorferi. | lyme disease is an infection caused by a tick-borne spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) was selectively upregulated in the erythema migrans skin lesions of patients with acute lyme disease. in this study, the mechanism of upregulation of mmp-9 was investigated in vitro and in vivo. the concentrations of mmp-9 and soluble cd14 were markedly elevated in serum from patients with acute lyme disease and were also upregulated in u937 cells by b. burgdorferi in a time- ... | 2007 | 17403874 |
| multiply infected vectors. | | 2007 | 17403941 |
| increasing the recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection dramatically attenuates borrelia burgdorferi infectivity. | borrelia burgdorferi infection causes an initial skin lesion called erythema migrans (em) in human lyme disease and in models of monkey and rabbit borreliosis. em results from the inflammatory response triggered by spirochete replication and likely develops to contain the initial infection but allows bacterial dissemination to occur. the essential lack of neutrophil involvement in em histopathology prompted us to examine the consequence of increasing their recruitment in the inflammatory respons ... | 2007 | 17404293 |
| seronegative lyme arthritis. | we present a 10-year-old girl who had been diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis 5 years before and who experienced a flare of arthritis affecting one knee while she was off medication for almost 3 years. seronegative lyme arthritis had to be diagnosed based on the detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in synovial fluid. no humoral immune response to borrelia burgdorferi was detectable before, at the time of diagnosis and up to 3 years later. | 2007 | 17406870 |
| [lyme disease: basis for treatment strategy, primary preventive care and secondary preventive care]. | lyme disease is the most common tick borne disease and is caused by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. ticks of the genus ixodes are the vectors that transmit the infection to host mammals in endemic foci. ixodes is infected by borrelia at larval stage when it feeds on infected mammals. man is an occasional host. the infection risk is linked to interaction between human and the natural environment. strategies for prevention are closely related to the enzootic cycle of the ixodes tick. environmenta ... | 2007 | 17408897 |
| effect of gender on clinical and epidemiologic features of lyme borreliosis. | the aim is to highlight the influence of patients' gender on lyme borreliosis and especially erythema migrans (em), focusing on exposure to tick bites, epidemiology, and the clinical picture. all studies were conducted in the county of blekinge, located in southeastern sweden. a prospective study was conducted in 235 individuals (women, n=110; men, n=125) engaged in recreational or occupational activities focusing on exposure to tick bites. a retrospective epidemiologic study evaluating 123,495 ... | 2007 | 17417955 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in lizards from southern maryland. | lizards serve as hosts for ixodes ticks in the western and southeastern united states and may affect the transmission cycles of borrelia burgdorferi in these regions. in maryland, the role of lizards in the maintenance and transmission cycle of this pathogen has not been examined. we tested 29 lizards (sceloporus undulatus and eumeces spp.) and 21 ticks from these lizards for the presence of b. burgdorferi. eight lizards were positive by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for at least one b. burgdo ... | 2007 | 17417956 |
| ixodes ricinus density and infection prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato along a north-facing altitudinal gradient in the rhône valley (switzerland). | questing ixodes ricinus ticks were sampled monthly along a north-facing altitudinal gradient in the canton of valais, switzerland, from march 2004 to february 2005. tick density and infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato were monitored. ticks were collected by flagging vegetation at three different altitudes (750 m, 880 m, and 1020 m above sea level). ticks were examined for borrelia by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) followed by reverse line blot. at the three altitudes, questing tick a ... | 2007 | 17417957 |
| borrelia burgdorferi binding of host complement regulator factor h is not required for efficient mammalian infection. | the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, is naturally resistant to its host's alternative pathway of complement-mediated killing. several different borrelial outer surface proteins have been identified as being able to bind host factor h, a regulator of the alternative pathway, leading to a hypothesis that such binding is important for borrelial resistance to complement. to test this hypothesis, the development of b. burgdorferi infection was compared between factor h-deficient ... | 2007 | 17420242 |
| tick-borne encephalitis with polyradiculitis documented by mri. | | 2007 | 17420411 |
| serological studies on the infection of dogs in ontario with borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease. | a serological study was undertaken to determine whether dogs in ontario are being exposed to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease. this study consisted of a survey of randomly selected dogs and testing of diagnostic submissions from candidate lyme disease cases. the survey of 1,095 dogs, bled between january 1988 and august 1989, revealed a total of 65 (5.9%) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) reactors, of which 22 had immuno-fluorescent antibody assay (ifa) titers ... | 1993 | 17424284 |
| borrelia lusitaniae in immature ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) feeding on common wall lizards in tuscany, central italy. | lizards and small rodents were live captured in tuscany, central italy, from may through august 2005. prevalence of infestation by larval ixodes ricinus l. (acari: ixodidae) and mean numbers of larvae per host were not significantly different for common wall lizards, podarcis muralis laurenti, and apodemus spp. mice, whereas infestation levels by nymphs were significantly greater on lizards. borrelia lusitaniae, which was previously shown to be dominant in host-seeking i. ricinus in the same stu ... | 2007 | 17427701 |
| ectoparasite diversity and exposure to vector-borne disease agents in wild rodents in central coastal california. | a survey of wild rodents was performed in the morro bay area of central coastal california to determine serological and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dumler, barbet, bekker, dasch, palmer, ray, rikihisa, and rurangirwa, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, francisella tularensis mccoy, and yersinia pestis yersin; to describe the ectoparasitic fauna on important vector-borne disease hosts; and to determine whether pathoge ... | 2007 | 17427705 |
| case records of the massachusetts general hospital. case 11-2007. a 59-year-old man with neck pain, weakness in the arms, and cranial-nerve palsies. | | 2007 | 17429088 |
| [lyme borreliosis: follow up criteria after antibiotherapy?]. | the post therapeutic follow-up of lyme borreliosis is managed according to clinical and serological data. the evolution of antibody rates is such that it doesn't constitute the best element to rely on for follow-up. indeed, after a sometimes transitory increase of this rate during or after antibiotherapy, the decrease is very slow, sometimes several months, and often incomplete. the follow-up should thus be made according to clinical symptoms and their resolution. resolution of some but not all ... | 2007 | 17434697 |
| [scientific basis for prevention]. | lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-transmitted disease in north america and europe. borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato causes lyme disease and is transmitted by a tick belonging to ixodes genus. the risk of tick-borne infection depends on the ecology of ticks. the risk of human infection depends on the density of the tick population and its infection rate. the aim of this manuscript is to review the ecology of ixodes ricinus the main vector of lyme disease in western europe, the reservoir hos ... | 2007 | 17434699 |
| anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment activates borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes 4 weeks after ceftriaxone treatment in c3h/he mice. | the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor (tnf)-alpha treatment in borrelia burgdorferi-infected and ceftriaxone-treated c3h/he mice was evaluated. | 2007 | 17436229 |
| warning! danger will robinson! lyme disease clinical practice guidelines of the infectious diseases society of america, activist patients, antitrust law, and prosecutorial zeal. | | 2007 | 17437359 |
| borrelia burgdorferi intercepts host hormonal signals to regulate expression of outer surface protein a. | the borrelia burgdorferi infectious cycle requires that the organism adapt to vast differences in environmental conditions found in its tick and mammalian hosts. previous studies have shown that b. burgdorferi accomplishes this accommodation in part by regulating expression of its surface proteins. outer surface protein a (ospa) is a borrelial protein important in colonization of the tick midgut. ospa is up-regulated when the organism is in its tick host and down-regulated when it is in a mammal ... | 2007 | 17438273 |
| transcriptional response of human dendritic cells to borrelia garinii--defective cd38 and ccr7 expression detected. | lyme borreliosis is a disease, which can affect several organs and cause a variety of symptoms. in some patients, the infection may become chronic, even after antibiotic therapy, and cause persisting damage. dendritic cells (dc) are involved in the initiation of innate and adaptive immune responses. to study interactions between borrelia garinii (bg), one of the causative agents of lyme borreliosis, and human dc, we used a cdna microarray to compare the bg-induced dc transcriptional response wit ... | 2007 | 17440035 |
| emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe. | the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ... | 2007 | 17445320 |
| hemorrhagic fevers: few clues after 25 years. | there is a high prevalence of ebola antibodies found in the kenya population, related to geographical area and season, although the clinical disease was never found and the virus was not isolated. a field study was carried out in 7 hospitals in western kenya, 1986 -1987 (including surveillance studies in suspect areas), to intensify collection and transport of samples, testing facilities, patient observation with record keeping and follow-up. this study involved 1109 admitted patients with fever ... | 1996 | 17451318 |
| lyme borreliosis--an update. | lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne, infectious disease in the northern hemisphere. disease manifestations in the united states and europe vary as a result of geographic distribution of different species within the genospecies borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, which in turn are host-specific. certain toxigenic b. burgdorferi strains cause early disseminated disease. the ability of borrelial organisms to break down the extracellular matrix also promotes dissemination. b. burgdorferi are ... | 2007 | 17451386 |
| cerebrospinal-fluid profile in neuroborreliosis and its diagnostic significance. | selected cerebrospinal-fluid (csf) parameters (intrathecal synthesis of borrelia-specific antibodies, oligoclonal igg bands, csf-to-serum quotient of albumin as a marker of blood-csf barrier function and cytology) and typical csf profile in neuroborreliosis were evaluated with the aim of elucidating possible clinical and laboratory similarities of neuroborreliosis (nb) and other neurological diseases (ond). from the cohort of 58 patients (38 diagnosed for nb, 20 with ond) nb patients had positiv ... | 2006 | 17455797 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and chlamydophila psittaci in throat and cloacal swabs from birds migrating through slovakia. | we have screened 91 migratory birds representing 32 species during the autumn of 2003 for the presence of the zoonotic pathogens borrelia and chlamydophila. using polymerase chain reaction (pcr), b. burgdorferi sensu stricto was detected in cloacal swabs and, in two causes, also in throat swabs in 8 individuals (8.7 %) representing 7 birds species; b. garinii and b. afzelii were not detected. c. psittaci was detected only in cloacal swabs; 6 birds (6.6 %) from four species were found to be posit ... | 2006 | 17455806 |
| functional analysis of a lipid galactosyltransferase synthesizing the major envelope lipid in the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. | one of the major lipids in the membranes of borrelia burgdorferi is monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (mgaldag), a glycolipid recently shown to carry antigenic potency. herein, it is shown that the gene mgs (tigr designation bb0454) of b. burgdorferi encodes for the protein bbmgs that, when expressed in escherichia coli, catalyzes the glycosylation of 1,2-diacylglycerol with specificity for the donor substrate udp-gal yielding mgaldag. related lipid enzymes were found in many gram-positive bacteria. ... | 2007 | 17456185 |
| microalbuminuria and comparison of serologic testing for exposure to borrelia burgdorferi in nonclinical labrador and golden retrievers. | canine lyme disease is caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi after transmission by an ixodes tick, typically resulting in joint pain, fever and lethargy. lyme nephritis is a poorly characterized syndrome associated with severe glomerular and tubular renal injury and poor clinical outcome in young to middle-aged dogs positive for exposure to b. burgdorferi. the aims of this study were to identify associations between natural exposure to b. burgdorferi and the presence of microalbuminuria ... | 2007 | 17459861 |
| split target specificity of rest: a design for protein delivery, site selectivity and regulation of enzyme activity? | the rest telomere resolvase is responsible for maintaining the hairpin telomeres that cap the linear chromosome and minichromosomes of borrelia burgdorferi. this enzyme acts at the tandem telomere junctions present within circular dimers resulting from dna replication. rest mediates the transesterification steps of resolution using a constellation of active site residues similar to that found in tyrosine recombinases and type ib topoisomerases. by combining this reaction mechanism with a hairpin ... | 2007 | 17462008 |
| telomere resolution by borrelia burgdorferi rest through the collaborative efforts of tethered dna binding domains. | borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of lyme disease, has a highly unusual segmented genome composed of both circular molecules and linear dna replicons terminated by covalently closed hairpin ends or telomeres. replication intermediates of the linear molecules are processed into hairpin telomeres via the activity of rest, a telomere resolvase. we report here the results of limited proteolysis and mass spectroscopy to identify two main structural domains in rest, separated by a chymotrypsin c ... | 2007 | 17462009 |
| regulated synthesis of the borrelia burgdorferi inner-membrane lipoprotein ipla7 (p22, p22-a) during the lyme disease spirochaete's mammal-tick infectious cycle. | results of previous immunological studies suggested that borrelia burgdorferi regulates synthesis of the ipla7 lipoprotein during mammalian infection. through combined use of quantitative reverse transcription pcr, immunofluorescence analyses, elisa and immunoblotting, it is now demonstrated that ipla7 is actually expressed throughout mammalian infection, as well as during transmission both from feeding ticks to naïve mice and from infected mice to naïve, feeding ticks. however, proportions of i ... | 2007 | 17464050 |
| acute facial nerve palsy in children: how often is it lyme borreliosis? | acute facial nerve palsy in children may be caused by infection by borrelia burgdorferi, but the incidence of facial nerve palsy and the proportion of facial nerve palsy caused by lyme borreliosis may vary considerably between areas. furthermore, it is not well known how often facial nerve palsy caused by lyme borreliosis is associated with meningitis. in this population-based study, children admitted for acute facial nerve palsy to stavanger university hospital during 9 y from 1996 to 2004 were ... | 2007 | 17464865 |
| marginal zone b-cell depletion impairs murine host defense against borrelia burgdorferi infection. | marginal zone b (mzb) cells are a b-cell subset that produces t-cell-independent antibodies to blood-borne antigens. in this study, we examined the effects of mzb cell depletion on the immune response to the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, an extracellular pathogen for which t-cell-independent antibody is an important host defense. mzb cell depletion of c3h/hej mice using monoclonal antibody to lfa-1 and alpha(4)beta(1) integrins reduced b. burgdorferi-specific immunoglobulin m (ig ... | 2007 | 17470546 |
| identification of an il-17-producing nk1.1(neg) inkt cell population involved in airway neutrophilia. | invariant natural killer t (inkt) cells are an important source of both t helper type 1 (th1) and th2 cytokines, through which they can exert beneficial, as well as deleterious, effects in a variety of inflammatory diseases. this functional heterogeneity raises the question of how far phenotypically distinct subpopulations are responsible for such contrasting activities. in this study, we identify a particular set of inkt cells that lack the nk1.1 marker (nk1.1(neg)) and secrete high amounts of ... | 2007 | 17470641 |
| coinfection with borrelia turicatae serotype 2 prevents the severe vestibular dysfunction and earlier mortality caused by serotype 1. | relapsing fever (rf) is a multisystemic spirochetal infection caused by different borrelia species. studies in our laboratory have shown that disease severity varies depending on the infecting serotype. however, the relative contribution of each serotype to pathogenesis during mixed infections is not known. to investigate this, we compared the outcome of infection with isogenic serotypes 1 (bt1) or 2 (bt2) of the rf agent b. turicatae alone or in combination. | 2007 | 17471439 |
| determinants of the geographic distribution of puumala virus and lyme borreliosis infections in belgium. | vector-borne and zoonotic diseases generally display clear spatial patterns due to different space-dependent factors. land cover and land use influence disease transmission by controlling both the spatial distribution of vectors or hosts, and the probability of contact with susceptible human populations. the objective of this study was to combine environmental and socio-economic factors to explain the spatial distribution of two emerging human diseases in belgium, puumala virus (puuv) and lyme b ... | 2007 | 17474974 |
| tick-borne relapsing fever polymerase chain reaction of tick-borne relapsing fever caused by borrelia hermsii. | a patient presented to our hospital with symptoms consistent with relapsing fever. a blood specimen was positive by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing revealed borrelia hermsii. we propose the polymerase chain reaction as a possible alternative for currently used tests for the diagnosis of tick-borne relapsing fever. | 2007 | 17484230 |
| borrelia burgdorferi-induced monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in vivo and in vitro. | matrix metalloproteinase 9 (mmp-9) is selectively upregulated in erythema migrans (em) lesions with acute lyme disease. this study explored whether upregulation of mmp-9 was associated with monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) production, and borrelia burgdorferi (b. burgdorferi) could induce mcp-1 production in vivo and in vitro. the results indicated that expression of mcp-1 was significantly increased in u937 cells by b. burgdorferi. the activity of mmp-9 could be elevated by recombinan ... | 2007 | 17485071 |
| [lyme disease]. | | 2007 | 17491387 |
| development of real time pcr to detect toxoplasma gondii and borrelia burgdorferi infections in postal samples. | most of the samples sent to reference laboratories are delivered by post. thus, diagnostic pcr tests on blood samples have to be performed using methods which are optimised and validated for such conditions. there is a low probability that the organisms toxoplasma gondii and borrelia burgdorferi will be present. | 2008 | 17496189 |
| temperature-induced regulation of rpos by a small rna in borrelia burgdorferi. | the alternative sigma factor rpos (sigma38 or sigmas) plays a central role in the reciprocal regulation of the virulence-associated major outer surface proteins ospc and ospa in borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete. temperature is one of the key environmental signals controlling rpos, but the molecular mechanism by which the signal is transduced remains unknown. herein, we identify and describe a small non-coding rna, dsrabb, that regulates the temperature-induced increase in rpos. ... | 2007 | 17501929 |
| purine salvage pathways among borrelia species. | genome sequencing projects on two relapsing fever spirochetes, borrelia hermsii and borrelia turicatae, revealed differences in genes involved in purine metabolism and salvage compared to those in the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. the relapsing fever spirochetes contained six open reading frames that are absent from the b. burgdorferi genome. these genes included those for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hpt), adenylosuccinate synthase (pura), adenylosuccinate lya ... | 2007 | 17502392 |
| lyme disease update. | lyme disease is endemic to areas in both europe and the united states and the incidence is increasing. despite published guidelines, controversy persists about its diagnosis and management in patients who do not meet strict diagnostic criteria. this review summarizes important recently published studies and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of lyme disease. | 2007 | 17505186 |
| immunity against ixodes scapularis salivary proteins expressed within 24 hours of attachment thwarts tick feeding and impairs borrelia transmission. | in north america, the black-legged tick, ixodes scapularis, an obligate haematophagus arthropod, is a vector of several human pathogens including borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent. in this report, we show that the tick salivary gland transcriptome and proteome is dynamic and changes during the process of engorgement. we demonstrate, using a guinea pig model of i. scapularis feeding and b. burgdorferi transmission, that immunity directed against salivary proteins expressed in the first ... | 2007 | 17505544 |
| lyme neuroborreliosis: infection, immunity, and inflammation. | lyme neuroborreliosis (lnb), the neurological manifestation of systemic infection with the complex spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi, can pose a challenge for practising neurologists. this review is a summary of clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapy, as well as of recent advances in our understanding of lnb. many new insights have been gained through work in experimental models of the disease. an appreciation of the genetic heterogeneity of the causative pathogen has helped clinicians in ... | 2007 | 17509489 |