| molecular cloning, characterisation, and expression analysis of adipocyte fatty acid binding protein gene in xupu goose (anser cygnoides domesticus). | 1. adipocyte fatty acid binding protein (a-fabp) plays a key role in fatty acid uptake and intracellular transport. the objective of the present study was to identify and characterise the a-fabp gene in xupu goose.2. the full-length cdna of goose a-fabp gene was cloned from the liver tissue using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the distribution of the goose a-fabp in different tissues was determined by quantitative real-time p ... | 2019 | 31509442 |
| are microneutralization and hemagglutination inhibition assays comparable? serological results from influenza experimentally infected mallard ducks. | the hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assay is commonly used to assess the humoral immune response against influenza a viruses (iav). however, the microneutralization (mn) assay has been reported to have higher sensitivity when testing sera from humans and other species. our objective was to determine the agreement between mn and hi assays and compare the proportion of positive samples detected by both methods in sera of mallards primary infected with the a/mallard/mn/sg-000169/ 2007 (h3n8) virus ... | 2019 | 31131570 |
| endoparasites of domesticated animals that originated in the neo-tropics (new world tropics). | this review serves to summarize parasites found in domesticated animals which were found in the neo-tropics. indigenous domesticated neo-tropical animals include south american camelids, (lama gunacoa, lama glama, lama pacos, vicuna vicuna), guinea pigs (cavia porcellus), chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera), turkeys (meleagris gallopavo) and ducks (cairina moschata, anas platyrhynchos, dendrocyga autumnalis). these animals were chosen due to their origin of existence (neo-tropics) and over time th ... | 2019 | 30845667 |
| identification and analysis of long non-coding rnas in response to h5n1 influenza viruses in duck (anas platyrhynchos). | long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) are important component of mammalian genomes, where their numbers are even larger than that of protein-coding genes. for example, human (homo sapiens) (96,308 vs. 20,376) and mouse (mus musculus) (87,774 vs. 22,630) have more lncrna genes than protein-coding genes in the noncodev5 database. recently, mammalian lncrnas were reported to play critical roles in immune response to influenza a virus infections. such observation inspired us to identify lncrnas related to ... | 2019 | 30634898 |
| avian influenza overview august - november 2018. | between 16 august and 15 november 2018, 14 highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) a(h5n8) outbreaks in poultry establishments in bulgaria and seven hpai a(h5n6) outbreaks, one in captive birds in germany and six in wild birds in denmark and the netherlands were reported in the european union (eu). no human infection due to hpai a(h5n8) and a(h5n6) viruses have been reported in europe so far. seroconversion of people exposed during outbreaks in russia has been reported in one study. although th ... | 2018 | 32625795 |
| the roles of migratory and resident birds in local avian influenza infection dynamics. | migratory birds are an increasing focus of interest when it comes to infection dynamics and the spread of avian influenza viruses (aiv). however, we lack detailed understanding migratory birds' contribution to local aiv prevalence levels and their downstream socio-economic costs and threats.to explain the potential differential roles of migratory and resident birds in local aiv infection dynamics, we used a susceptible-infectious-recovered (sir) model. we investigated five (mutually non- exclusi ... | 2018 | 30337766 |
| molecular detection of toxoplasma gondii in feathered game intended for human consumption in the czech republic. | toxoplasma gondii is an important ubiquitous protozoan parasite, which can infect almost all warm-blooded vertebrates, including humans. the diagnosis of t. gondii infection is crucial for the prevention, surveillance, and control of its transmission. here, a triplex real-time pcr assay targeting the b1 gene and 529rep element was used to determine the presence of t. gondii in feathered game (anas platyrhynchos and phasianus colchicus) hunted in the czech republic. the prevalence of t. gondii wa ... | 2018 | 30053696 |
| long-term carriage and rapid transmission of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing e. coli within a flock of mallards in the absence of antibiotic selection. | wild birds have been suggested as transmitters and reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria. we performed an experimental study investigating carriage time and interindividual transmission of extended spectrum beta-lactamase- (esbl-)producing escherichia coli in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) to assess if the birds carry the bacteria long enough to transfer them geographically during migration. mallards were inoculated intraoesophageally with four different strains of esbl-producing e. coli a ... | 2018 | 30043488 |
| genetic characterization and epidemiological implications of campylobacter isolates from wild birds in south korea. | in this study, we genotyped campylobacter isolates from wild birds by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and analysed their virulence genes by pcr with the aim to gain a deeper understanding of the epidemiology of campylobacter infection. amongst 60 campylobacter isolates from 12 wild bird species, we identified 32 sequence types (sts; 29 sts from campylobacter jejuni and 3 sts from campylobacter coli). clonal complex 45 (cc-45), was the most common cc (n = 17 isolates), followed by cc-692 (n = 1 ... | 2019 | 29959817 |
| the potential of isolation source to predict colonization in avian hosts: a case study in campylobacter jejuni strains from three bird species. | campylobacter jejuni is the primary cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, infecting humans mostly through consumption of contaminated poultry. c. jejuni is common in the gut of wild birds, and shows distinct strain-specific association to particular bird species. this contrasts with farm animals, in which several genotypes co-exist. it is unclear if the barriers restricting transmission between host species of such specialist strains are related to environmental factors such as contact b ... | 2018 | 29651281 |
| sarcocystis rileyi emerging in hungary: is rice breast disease underreported in the region? | reports of sarcocystis rileyi-like protozoa ('rice breast disease') from anseriform birds had been rare in europe until the last two decades, when s. rileyi was identified in northern europe and the uk. however, despite the economic losses resulting from s. rileyi infection, no recent accounts are available on its presence (which can be suspected) in most parts of central, western, southern and eastern europe. between 2014 and 2019, twelve mallards (anas platyrhynchos) were observed to have rice ... | 2019 | 31549541 |
| molecular and pharmacological characterization of poultry (gallus gallus, anas platyrhynchos, anser cygnoides domesticus) and pig (sus scrofa domestica) melanocortin-5 receptors and their mutants. | the melanocortin-5 receptor (mc5r) is a member of the g protein-coupled receptor superfamily that plays a critical role in lipid production, skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation, and adipocyte lipolysis. although multiple functions and important value of mc5r in human beings have been fully demonstrated, however, the potential molecular cloning, pharmacological characteristics and key amino acids in poultry and pig were still not fully understood. herein, we successfully cloned mc5r genes from c ... | 2019 | 31356812 |
| systemic collapse of a host-parasite trematode network associated with wetland birds in europe. | as host community diversity decreases, parasite diversity may also decline. the life cycles of trematodes involve multiple hosts from different orders, with many trematodes displaying narrow host specialization. in the 1960s and 2010s, we performed full-body necropsies of juvenile or first-year birds of four wetland bird species, anas platyrhynchos, aythya fuligula, fulica atra, and chroicocephalus ridibundus which originated from the southern czech republic, and examined them for the presence o ... | 2020 | 32088756 |
| prevalence and potential risk of salmonella enterica in migratory birds from south korea. | salmonella is a type of zoonotic bacteria that represents an economic and public health concern worldwide. difficulties in sample collection from migratory birds mean little is known about their importance as a reservoir of salmonella. the present study evaluated the prevalence and potential risk of salmonella enterica in migratory birds. from 2012-2017, 3661 cloacal swabs from migratory birds were collected in south korea and tested to isolate s. enterica. strains were tested for antimicrobial ... | 2020 | 32980630 |
| does the renal portal valve exist in a raptor species? a study aimed at further evaluating the mechanism of toxicity of diclofenac in vultures. | diclofenac has been responsible for the deaths of millions of vultures on the asian subcontinent. while the pathology of toxicity is well described, the mechanism of toxicity remains elusive. however, it was postulated that toxicity could be related to the unique avian renal vascular structure known as the renal portal valve and that that diclofenac altered valve functionality with subsequent renal ischaemia. while plausible, the valva renalis portalis has only been described in a small number o ... | 2020 | 32608095 |
| cruciate ligaments of the avian knee: insight into a complex system. | the avian cruciate ligaments were examined in gallus domesticus, anas platyrhynchos, meleagris gallopavo, and struthio camelus australis. the ligaments proved to be deviated around the intercondylar groove (cranial cruciate) and around the medial femoral condyle (caudal cruciate). four functionally different fiber groups could be differentiated: fibers taut only in maximal extension, fibers taut only in maximal flexion, fibers taut in ranges from an intermediate position to an extreme position, ... | 1992 | 29865604 |
| outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza in zoo birds caused by ha clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 subtype viruses in japan in winter 2016. | in late 2016, two zoos, one in northern japan and the other in central japan, experienced highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks, in which multiple zoo birds were infected with h5n6 subtype hpai virus (hpaiv). here, we report an overview of these hpai outbreaks. hpaiv infections were confirmed by virus isolation in three black swans (cygnus atratus) and three snowy owls (bubo scandiacus) kept in the omoriyama zoo hospital. at higashiyama zoo and botanical gardens, following the death ... | 2020 | 31605424 |
| meteorological factors affecting the risk of transmission of hpai in miyazaki, japan. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) outbreaks engender a severe economic impact on the poultry industry and public health. migratory waterfowl are considered the natural hosts of hpai virus, and hpai viruses are known to be transmitted over long distances during seasonal bird migration. bird migration is greatly affected by the weather. many studies have shown the relationship between either autumn or spring bird migration and climate. however, few studies have shown the relationship betwee ... | 2019 | 31565229 |
| waterbird counts on large water bodies: comparing ground and aerial methods during different ice conditions. | the aerial and ground methods of counting birds in a coastal area during different ice conditions were compared. ice coverage of water was an important factor affecting the results of the two methods. when the water was ice-free, more birds were counted from the ground, whereas during ice conditions, higher numbers were obtained from the air. the first group of waterbirds with the smallest difference between the two methods (average 6%) contained seven species: mute swan cygnus olor, whooper swa ... | 2018 | 30038859 |
| wild ducks excrete highly pathogenic avian influenza virus h5n8 (2014-2015) without clinical or pathological evidence of disease. | highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) is essentially a poultry disease. wild birds have traditionally not been involved in its spread, but the epidemiology of hpai has changed in recent years. after its emergence in southeastern asia in 1996, h5 hpai virus of the goose/guangdong lineage has evolved into several sub-lineages, some of which have spread over thousands of kilometers via long-distance migration of wild waterbirds. in order to determine whether the virus is adapting to wild waterbi ... | 2018 | 29670093 |
| the association between saα2,3gal occurrence frequency and avian influenza viral load in mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and blue-winged teals (spatula discors). | individual heterogeneity in pathogen load can affect disease transmission dynamics; therefore, identifying intrinsic factors responsible for variation in pathogen load is necessary for determining which individuals are prone to be most infectious. because low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaiv) preferentially bind to alpha-2,3 sialic acid receptors (saα2,3gal) in the intestines and bursa of fabricius in wild ducks (anas and spatula spp.), we investigated juvenile mallards (anas platyrhync ... | 2020 | 33167978 |
| transcriptome reveals multi pigmentation genes affecting dorsoventral pattern in avian body. | certain animals exhibit a special dorsoventral pattern with a lighter ventral side compared to the dorsal one and this phenomenon was preserved in the long-term evolution process. birds also retain this trait. recently, inaba et al. (2019) found that asip (agouti signal protein) regulated interconversion between different melanocyte types leads to dorsal stripe pattern, which may partly explain the birds' dorsoventral plumage color difference. in this study, we used the embryo samples of lbm (li ... | 2020 | 33117797 |
| pathogenicity of a jinding duck-origin cluster 2.1 isolate of tembusu virus in 3-week-old pekin ducklings. | tembusu virus (tmuv) infection most commonly affects breeder and layer ducks during laying period, and can also affect young ducks below 7 weeks of age. here, we report our investigation of a tmuv-caused fatal disease of jingding ducklings (anas platyrhynchos domesticus) in northeast china. the disease resulted in mortalities of up to 40 % in 2 to 4-week-old ducks, up to 25 % in 5 to 6-week-old ducks, and less than 10 % in 7 to 8-week-old ducks. using a tmuv-specific reverse transcription-pcr as ... | 2020 | 33053451 |
| manipulating plasma thyroid hormone levels at hatching alters development of endothermy and ventilation in pekin duck (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | at hatching in precocial birds, there are rapid physiological and metabolic phenotypic changes associated with attaining endothermy. during the transition to ex ovo life, thyroid hormone levels naturally increase, peaking at hatching, and then declining. to better understand the role of the natural increase in thyroid hormone at hatching in regulating the developmental trajectory of the pekin duck's endothermic phenotype, we examined development of o2 consumption (v̇o2) and ventilation (frequenc ... | 2020 | 33046566 |
| genetic signature of hybridization between chinese spot-billed ducks and domesticated ducks. | in this study, we analyzed 93 whole genomes from chinese spot-billed ducks (csb), meat-type ducks (met), and egg and dual purpose-type ducks (edt) to characterize the genetic material flowing between the csb and modern ducks. using a frequency of shared identical-by-descent method, approximately 10.9 mb introgression segments containing 140 genes were identified showing the signatures of introgression between csb and edt. meanwhile, nearly 10.6 m introgression regions containing 149 genes were i ... | 2020 | 33020910 |
| natural and experimental persistence of highly pathogenic h5 influenza viruses in slurry of domestic ducks, with or without lime treatment. | infections by a/h5 and a/h7 avian influenza viruses (aivs) can cause acute disease and are therefore notifiable in poultry and wild birds. during winter 2015-2016, several cases of infection caused by highly pathogenic (hp) aivs belonging to the a/h5n1, a/h5n2 and a/h5n9 subtypes, were detected in south-western france. throughout winter 2016-2017, several cases of infections mainly caused by a/h5n8 hp aiv (a/gooses/gd/1/96 clade 2.3.4.4) were detected across europe. on both occasions, the viruse ... | 2020 | 33008818 |
| development of a relevant strategy using de novo transcriptome assembly method for transcriptome comparisons between muscovy and common duck species and their reciprocal inter-specific mule and hinny hybrids fed ad libitum and overfed. | common pekin and muscovy ducks and their intergeneric hinny and mule hybrids have different abilities for fatty liver production. rna-seq analyses from the liver of these different genetic types fed ad libitum or overfed would help to identify genes with different response to overfeeding between them. however rna-seq analyses from different species and comparison is challenging. the goal of this study was develop a relevant strategy for transcriptome analysis and comparison between different spe ... | 2020 | 33008290 |
| free-ranging avifauna as a source of generalist parasites for captive birds in zoological settings: an overview of parasite records and potential for cross-transmission. | captive birds in zoological settings often harbor parasites, but little information is available about the potential for free-ranging avifauna to act as a source of infection. this review summarizes the gastrointestinal parasites found in zoo birds globally and in seven common free-ranging avian species [mallard (anas platyrhynchos), eurasian blackbird (turdus merula), common starling (sturnus vulgaris), eurasian jackdaw (corvus monedula), house sparrow (passer domesticus), european robin (erith ... | 2020 | 33005675 |
| characterization of avian influenza virus h10-h12 subtypes isolated from wild birds in shanghai, china from 2016 to 2019. | h10, h11 and h12 (h10-h12) subtypes of the avian influenza virus (aiv) are associated with waterfowl. although these subtypes of aiv are infrequently detected in nature, they can undergo reassortment with other aiv subtypes. few h10-h12 subtypes of aiv have been isolated from wild birds in china. in this study, 12 aiv isolates of h10-h12 subtypes were identified via routine surveillance of wild birds in shanghai, china from 2016 to 2019, including two h10, three h11 and seven h12 isolates. seque ... | 2020 | 32992999 |
| reproductive season and male effect on quantitative and qualitative traits of individually collected muscovy duck (cairina moschata) semen. | males of muscovy duck (cairina moschata) are mainly used for mule duck production via artificial insemination of females originated from wild mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos); therefore, the quantity and quality of drake semen play a crucial role. the assessment results of male reaction to sexual stimulation by dummy female and basic semen characteristic (ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and morphology) of 12 individually kept muscovy drakes carried out during the entire reproductive seaso ... | 2020 | 32989837 |
| potential reverse spillover of infectious bursal disease virus at the interface of commercial poultry and wild birds. | recently, multiple spillover events between domesticated poultry and wild birds have been reported for several avian viruses. this phenomenon highlights the importance of the livestock-wildlife interface in the possible emergence of novel viruses. the aim of the current study was to investigate the potential spillover and epidemiological links of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) between wild birds and domestic poultry. to this end, twenty-eight cloacal swabs were collected from four specie ... | 2020 | 32970296 |
| slight volume changes in the duck lung do not imply a fundamental change in the structure of the parenchyma. | slight changes in lung volume have previously been reported in ducks. we studied the functional structure of the lung of the domestic duck using classical anatomical techniques as well as ultrasound monitoring to unravel the causes of such changes. later dorsal and medioventral secondary bronchi were superficially positioned and covered with a thin transparent and collapsible membrane, internally lined with a cuboidal to squamous epithelium. the lung parenchyma was rigid, with atria well support ... | 2020 | 32969516 |
| identification of key genes and pathways associated with duck (anas platyrhynchos) embryonic skin development using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. | skin and feather follicle morphogenesis are important processes for duck development; however, the mechanisms underlying morphogenesis at the embryonic stage remain unclear. to improve the understanding of these processes, we used transcriptome and weighted gene co-expression network analyses to identify the critical genes and pathways involved in duck skin development. five modules were found to be the most related to five key stages in skin development that span from embryonic day 8 (e8) to po ... | 2020 | 32956594 |
| differential expression and localization of trpv channels in the mature sperm of anas platyrhynchos. | sperm cells perform precise chemotactic and thermotactic movement which is crucial for fertilization. however, the key molecules involved in detection of different chemical and physical stimuli which guide the sperm during navigation are not well understood. ca2+ -signalling mediated by ion channels seem to play important role in motility and other fertility parameters. in this work, we explored the endogenous localization pattern of trpv channels in the mature spermatozoa of avian species. usin ... | 2020 | 32920930 |
| molecular cloning, tissue expression and polymorphism analysis of the caveolin-3 gene in ducks. | 1. duck meat is considered a delicacy, but choosing the best meat is problematic. caveolin-3 (cav-3) is a muscle-specific protein marker in animals. the goal of the current study was to detect the characteristics of cav-3 gene in ducks. 2. full-length cav-3 was acquired from ducks (anas platyrhynchos) using reverse transcriptase pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends. dnaman software was used for homology comparisons. quantitative reverse transcription-pcr, pcr-single-strand conformation polym ... | 2020 | 32873059 |
| differences in the growth rate and immune strategies of farmed and wild mallard populations. | individuals reared in captivity are exposed to distinct selection pressures and evolutionary processes causing genetic and phenotypic divergence from wild populations. consequently, restocking with farmed individuals may represent a considerable risk for the fitness of free-living populations. supportive breeding on a massive scale has been established in many european countries to increase hunting opportunities for the most common duck species, the mallard (anas platyrhynchos). it has previousl ... | 2020 | 32866175 |
| analysis of mirnas and their target genes associated with mucosal damage caused by transport stress in the mallard duck intestine. | bowel health is an important factor for duck rearing that has been linked to feed uptake and growth and death rates. because the regulatory networks associated with acute stress-mediated injury in the duck gastrointestinal tract have not clearly elucidated, we aimed to explore potential mirna-mrna pairs and their regulatory roles in oxidative stress injury caused by transport stress. here, 1-day-old mallard ducklings from the same breeder flock were collected and transported for 8 h, whereas the ... | 2020 | 32810175 |
| phylodynamic analyses of class i newcastle disease virus isolated in china. | newcastle disease virus (ndv), the pathogen of newcastle disease, has caused significant losses to the poultry industry worldwide. however, owing to its avirulence, class i ndvs have not been studied as much as class ii ndvs. we aimed to epidemiologically monitor the spread of class i ndvs in china. we isolated 104 class i ndv strains from poultry in live poultry markets (lpms) of guangdong province, south china, between january 2016 and december 2018. genetic analysis revealed that all 104 isol ... | 2020 | 32786140 |
| diversity of wintering waterbirds enhanced by restoring aquatic vegetation at shengjin lake, china. | the restoration of planted vegetation contributes towards improving the habitat quality of waterbirds and enhancing the diversity of their communities. thus, the success of projects attempting to restore aquatic vegetation could, in part, be quantified by evaluating the community structure of wintering waterbirds. here, we evaluated the effect of wetland restoration (through planting aquatic vegetation) by comparing waterbird communities in restored versus unrestored areas over two wintering per ... | 2020 | 32783837 |
| isolation and partial genetic characterization of a new duck adenovirus in china. | a novel duck adenovirus, isolated from jinding ducks(anas platyrhynchos domestica), was proposed to be duck adenovirus 4 (dadv-4), extending the genus aviadenovirus. in this study, we sequenced the central genome part from iva2 gene to fiber gene of the dadv-4 that is conserved in all adenovirus genera. phylogenetic analysis and protease cleavage site analysis verified the classification of dadv-4 in the genus aviadenovirus. nucleotide identity analysis showed low sequence identity between centr ... | 2020 | 32768221 |
| genetic characteristics and pathogenesis of h5 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses from wild birds and domestic ducks in south korea. | h5 and h7 subtypes of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (lpaivs) can mutate to highly pathogenic forms and are therefore subject to stringent controls. we characterized h5 lpaivs isolated from wild-bird habitats and duck farms in south korea from 2010 to 2017. through nationwide active surveillance for aivs, 59 h5 lpaivs were isolated from wild-bird habitats (a mean annual rate of 5.3% of aiv isolations). in 2015, one lpai h5n3 strain was isolated on a duck farm. phylogenetic analysis revea ... | 2020 | 32699272 |
| molecular cloning, tissue distribution and function analysis of duck tlr7. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) play an important role in detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (pamps). among the tlrs, tlr7 is involved in the recognition of antiviral compounds and single-stranded rna. this study was designed to explore the structure and function of tlr7 in duck (anas platyrhynchos), a natural host for avian influenza virus. firstly, the full-length cdna of shaoxing egg-laying duck tlr7 (dutlr7) was obtained using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) ... | 2020 | 32609043 |
| micro- and macroanatomical features of the uropygial gland of duck (anas platyrhynchos) and pigeon (columba livia). | we describe the morphological, histological and histochemical characteristics of the uropygial gland of the duck (anas platyrhynchos) and pigeon (columba livia). the weight and dimensions of the glands were recorded. the gland openings onto the papilla in ducks were surrounded by double tufts of downy feathers; the tufts were held together by an oily secretion. in the pigeon, the gland opening was onto naked skin. samples for light and transmission electron microscopy were obtained from adult bi ... | 2020 | 32603233 |
| aquatic and terrestrial takeoffs require different hindlimb kinematics and muscle function in mallard ducks. | mallard ducks are capable of performing a wide range of behaviors including nearly vertical takeoffs from both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. the hindlimb plays a key role during takeoffs from both media. however, because force generation differs in water versus on land, hindlimb kinematics and muscle function are likely modulated between these environments. specifically, we hypothesize that hindlimb joint motion and muscle shortening are faster during aquatic takeoffs, but greater hindlimb m ... | 2020 | 32587070 |
| is intraspecies qstr model answer to toxicity data gap filling: ecotoxicity modeling of chemicals to avian species. | interspecies model represents an established approach for the response data gap filling for regulatory agencies and researchers. we propose a novel approach of intraspecies modeling within the animals of the same species, instead of animals from different species. the proposed intraspecies model is capable of more precise extrapolation of data than the interspecies model, as animals under the same species share a similar mechanism of action (moa) and target sites for the response. along with the ... | 2020 | 32526407 |
| regional transmission and reassortment of 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses in bulgarian poultry 2017/18. | between 2017 and 2018, several farms across bulgaria reported outbreaks of h5 highly-pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) viruses. in this study we used genomic and traditional epidemiological analyses to trace the origin and subsequent spread of these outbreaks within bulgaria. both methods indicate two separate incursions, one restricted to the northeastern region of dobrich, and another largely restricted to central and eastern bulgaria including places such as plovdiv, sliven and stara zagora, ... | 2020 | 32492965 |
| development and evaluation of an indirect elisa based on recombinant structural protein vp2 to detect antibodies against duck hepatitis a virus. | an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-elisa) based on the vp2 protein of duck hepatitis a virus type 3 (dhav-3) was established in this study. the optimal dilutions of antigen, serum and goat anti-duck igg conjugate were 1:1600 (2.23 μg/ml), 1:160 and 1:2000, respectively. the optimal blocking buffer was 1% skim milk. the cut-off value for the method was 0.25, and the analytical sensitivity of the method was 1:5120. the results of specific evaluation showed that except for dhav-1, dha ... | 2020 | 32485472 |
| [characterization of echinostoma miyagawai in domestic ducks in wuhu city]. | to investigate the morphological characteristics of echinostoma miyagawai in domestic ducks in wuhu area, and to explore the feasibility of the cytochrome oxidase subunit-1 (cox1) gene as a molecular marker for the identification of e. miyagawai. | 2020 | 32458610 |
| effect of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide treatment on duck leydig cells. | this study aimed to investigate the effects of bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (lps) on hormone production and gene expression in duck leydig cells and its underlying mechanisms. leydig cells were collected from 200-day-old mallard ducks and divided into five treatment groups (0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 ng/ml lps). after treatment with lps for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, testosterone, activin, and inhibin levels in the cell supernatants were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elis ... | 2019 | 32368266 |
| molecular cloning, expression and mimicking antiviral activity analysis of retinoic acid-inducible gene-i in duck (anas platyrhynchos). | intracellular double-stranded rna (dsrna) is a chief sign of replication for many viruses. pattern recognition receptors(prrs) of the innate immune system detected the dsrna and initiate the antiviral responses. retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i), a member of prrs, plays an essential regulatory role in dsrna-induced signalling. in this study, the full-length complementary dna (cdna) of duck rig-i (durig-i) was cloned using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapi ... | 2020 | 32366736 |
| high-temperature exposure alters the community structure and functional features of the intestinal microbiota in shaoxing ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | the gut microbiome is a complex ecosystem that contributes to host nutrition and health. however, our current knowledge of the relationship between ambient temperature and gut microbiota of poultry is still limited. the objective of the present study was to characterize the intestinal microbiota of ducks exposed to high ambient temperature. sixty 60-day-old shaoxing ducks were allocated to control and heat-treated groups. the ducks in the control group were kept at 25°c, and the ducks in the hea ... | 2020 | 32359603 |
| feathers of three waterfowl bird species from northern iran for heavy metals biomonitoring. | waterbirds are considered the effective sentinels of aquatic ecosystems contamination and their feathers are widely used as non-destructive biological tools for contaminant biomonitoring. in this work, we measure and evaluate the concentrations of lead, copper and zinc in the breast feathers of three species namely fulica atra, anas crecca and anas platyrhynchos in the wetland national park boujagh. levels of lead (pb), copper (cu) and zinc (zn) were below the threshold that causes sub-lethal an ... | 2020 | 32333043 |
| active virological surveillance in backyard ducks in bangladesh: detection of avian influenza and gammacoronaviruses. | domestic waterfowl play an important role in the perpetuation and transmission of avian pathogens including avian influenza viruses (aiv) of low and high pathogenicity, which pose severe economic and public health concerns in bangladesh. this study focused on active surveillance of several avian viral pathogens with a special reference to aiv in selected backyard duck populations in bangladesh. a total of 500 pooled oropharyngeal and cloacal samples from individual ducks of four districts were t ... | 2020 | 32271094 |
| timing, frequency, and duration of incubation recesses in dabbling ducks. | nest attendance is an important determinant of avian reproductive success, and identifying factors that influence the frequency and duration of incubation recesses furthers our understanding of how incubating birds balance their needs with those of their offspring. we characterized the frequency and timing (start time, end time, and duration) of incubation recesses for mallard (anas platyrhynchos) and gadwall (mareca strepera) hens breeding in suisun marsh, california, usa, and examined the infl ... | 2020 | 32184998 |
| live bird markets as evolutionary epicentres of h9n2 low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses in korea. | live bird markets (lbms) in korea have been recognized as a reservoir, amplifier, and source of avian influenza viruses (aivs); however, little was known about the role of lbms in the epidemiology of aivs in korea until recently. through 10 years of surveillance (2006-2016) we have isolated and sequenced h9n2 viruses in korean lbms. to understand how h9n2 evolves and spreads in korea, a statistical bayesian phylogenetic model was used. phylogenetic analysis suggests that three separate introduct ... | 2020 | 32183621 |
| a brief introduction to avian influenza virus. | the earliest recorded cases of what was likely high-pathogenicity aiv in poultry were reported in italy in the 1870s. avian influenza infection has been recognized in domestic poultry through the modern era of poultry production. infection of poultry with either low pathogenic (lp) or highly pathogenic (hp) avian influenza viruses (aivs) can result in substantial economic consequences. productivity can be reduced directly and indirectly because of disease leading to decreased egg or meat yield, ... | 2020 | 32170682 |
| understanding the genetic domestication history of the jianchang duck by genotyping and sequencing of genomic genes under selection. | the jianchang duck is mainly distributed in southwest china, and has the characteristics of fast growth rate and strong abilities in lipid deposition in the liver. in order to investigate the effects of domestication process on formation of the unique characteristics of jianchang duck, the whole genome of sixteen individuals and three pooling of jianchang duck were re-sequenced, and genome data of 70 mallards and 83 domestic ducks from thirteen different places in china were obtained from ncbi. ... | 2020 | 32165372 |
| molecular survey of duck circovirus infection in poultry in southern and southwestern china during 2018 and 2019. | duck circovirus (ducv) is a potential immunosuppressive virus that causes feather disorders in young ducks. in this study, ducv obtained from various species of ducks was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in southern and southwestern china (guangdong, guangxi and yunnan provinces) from 2018 to 2019. | 2020 | 32138728 |
| seed mass, hardness, and phylogeny explain the potential for endozoochory by granivorous waterbirds. | field studies have shown that waterbirds, especially members of the anatidae family, are major vectors of dispersal by endozoochory for a broad range of plants lacking a fleshy fruit, yet whose propagules can survive gut passage. widely adopted dispersal syndromes ignore this dispersal mechanism, and we currently have little understanding of what traits determine the potential of angiosperms for endozoochory by waterbirds. results from previous experimental studies have been inconsistent as to h ... | 2020 | 32076524 |
| detection of fowl adenovirus d strains in wild birds in poland by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp). | the present study on the role of strains of adenovirus in wildlife reservoirs, and their prevalence is under exploration. in several previous studies, the presence of adenovirus strains in wild birds has been investigated. worldwide distribution and outbreaks of adenovirus infections have been reported by many authors. the present study investigated the prevalence of fadvs in 317 samples of different bird species from the northwestern region of poland. an applied specific, sensitive, and efficie ... | 2020 | 32059679 |
| relationship between residual feed intake and production traits in a population of f2 ducks. | improving feed efficiency is important for decreasing feed cost in poultry production, because feed account for approximately 70% of the total production costs. the selection of feed efficiency may affect other important economic traits. therefore, the objectives of this present study was to evaluate the relationships of the residual feed intake (rfi) with live body weight, carcass weight, carcass composition, and size of small intestines in a population of f2 pekin ducks. nine-hundred and eight ... | 2019 | 32055193 |
| modulation of lethal hpaiv h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4b infection in aiv pre-exposed mallards. | in 2016/2017, a severe epidemic of hpaiv h5n8 clade 2.3.4.4 group b (h5n8b) affected europe. to analyse the role of mallards in the spatiotemporal dynamics of global hpaiv h5n8b dispersal, mallards (anas platyrhynchos), naturally exposed to various aiv and therefore seropositive, were challenged with h5n8b. all experiments were controlled by infection and co-housing of seronegative juvenile pekin ducklings. all ducks that survived the first infection were re-challenged 21 dpi with the homologous ... | 2020 | 31969057 |
| dynamic accumulation of fatty acids in duck (anas platyrhynchos) breast muscle and its correlations with gene expression. | fatty acid composition contributes greatly to the quality and nutritional value of meat. however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying fatty acid accumulation in poultry have not yet been cleared. the aims of this study were to characterize the dynamics of fatty acid accumulation in duck breast muscle and investigate its correlations with gene expression. | 2020 | 31952469 |
| molecular detection of gamma coronaviruses in bird parks of iran. | gamma coronaviruses (gcovs) are distributed worldwide, affecting a wide range of bird species, the beluga whale, and bottlenose dolphins. because of the limited proofreading capability in the viral encoded polymerase, they emerge genetically diverse. there has been no molecular surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of gcovs in avian species. the present study was conducted to detect gcovs in tehran birds’ parks, 2015. cloacal swabs (267 samples) from eight different bird speci ... | 2019 | 31939251 |
| geographic and ecologic aspects of the community structure of trematodes of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) in northern poland and the czech republic. | trematode infestation of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) varies between northern poland and the czech republic. we determined the trematode fauna of juvenile and adult mallards from poland in 2010-16 (n=79 mallards) and from the czech republic in 1964-2001 (n=296). infracommunity diversity of trematodes from juvenile mallards, defined by the brillouin index and mean number of species, was significantly greater in poland than it was in the czech republic. there were more species and greater biodive ... | 2020 | 31895644 |
| assessing changes in genomic divergence following a century of human-mediated secondary contact among wild and captive-bred ducks. | along with manipulating habitat, the direct release of domesticated individuals into the wild is a practice used worldwide to augment wildlife populations. we test between possible outcomes of human-mediated secondary contact using genomic techniques at both historical and contemporary timescales for two iconic duck species. first, we sequence several thousand ddrad-seq loci for contemporary mallards (anas platyrhynchos) throughout north america and two domestic mallard types (i.e., known game-f ... | 2020 | 31872482 |
| development of a simple and rapid immunochromatographic strip test for detecting duck plague virus antibodies based on gi protein. | a colloidal gold strip (cgs) for detecting antibodies to duck plague virus (dpv) was developed. colloidal gold-labeled dpv gi protein and goat anti-rabbit igg were dispensed on a conjugate pad as tracers. the recombinant dpv gi protein and rabbit igg were used as capture reagents at the test line and control line, respectively. the detection limit of this assay was 1:256. additionally, the cgs did not react with antisera from other common duck diseases, only reacting with anti-dpv serum and yiel ... | 2020 | 31863862 |
| an efficient method for collecting the full-length adults, fragments, and eggs of trichobilharzia spp. from the liver of definitive hosts. | precise identification of avian schistosomes in the genus trichobilharzia at the species level is difficult and requires both traditional morphological and molecular techniques. to obtain satisfactory results by traditional methods, the characteristics of the intact adults or large fragments of male and females are necessary. the present study aimed to introduce a more efficient method for collecting eggs and both fragments and intact worms for morphological identification of visceral trichobilh ... | 2020 | 31863180 |
| gross, histochemical and electron microscopical characterization of the pecten oculi of baladi ducks (anas boschas domesticus). | as pecten oculi had great functional significances for ornithology, pecten oculi of baladi duck was well-deserving of intensive morphological study. so, the aim of this study was to throw light on some anatomical and histological formation of the pecten oculi of baladi ducks as well as use of scanning electron microscopy. | 2019 | 31819872 |
| integrated taxonomic approaches to seven species of capillariid nematodes (nematoda: trichocephalida: trichinelloidea) in poultry from japan and indonesia, with special reference to their 18s rdna phylogenetic relationships. | morphological and genetic analyses were performed on seven species of the family capillariidae (nematoda: trichocephalida: trichinelloidea), viz. eucoleus perforans, eucoleus contortus, aonchotheca bursata, baruscapillaria obsignata, capillaria anatis, capillaria phasianina, and capillaria spinulosa, detected in poultry from japan and indonesia. two eucoleus spp., perforating the esophageal mucosa of the japanese green pheasant farmed in japan (e. perforans) and domestic goose in indonesia (e. c ... | 2020 | 31811424 |
| morphological comparison of genetically differentiated polymorphus cf. minutus types. | in the present study, we analyzed the morphology of three genetic types of the bird-infecting acanthocephalan polymorphus cf. minutus (pspt1, pspt2, pspt3), mainly based on the cystacanth-stage obtained from amphipods (gammarus fossarum, gammarus pulex, gammarus roeselii, echinogammarus spp.). males and females were pooled as there was no considerable difference between the sexes concerning the hook measurements. additionally, we conducted a laboratory infection of one domestic duck for each pol ... | 2020 | 31786696 |
| botulism in wild birds and changes in environmental habitat: a relationship to be considered. | any human activity, even if aimed at the improvement of a natural area, can potentially affect wildlife, leading to possible short-term or long-term changes due to the human-wildlife interaction. in this study, a botulism outbreak which occurred in waterfowl in a nature reserve after a conservative environmental action is reported. more than 180 different species of wild birds, including seventy waterfowl species, live in the area. the wildlife reserve rangers built an artificial pond equipped w ... | 2019 | 31779284 |
| comparison of immunohistochemistry and ziehl-neelsen staining for detecting the distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp avium in naturally infected domestic pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos domestica). | in order to detect the distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp avium (maa) in naturally infected domestic pekin ducks, immunohistochemistry (ihc) and ziehl-neelsen (zn) staining were used and compared. six organs, the liver, spleen, lung, kidney, duodenum and pectoralis muscle, were collected from naturally infected pekin ducks. paraffin embedded tissues were examined, and the results were compared. statistical analysis was performed using chi-square test. the results showed that the detection ... | 2020 | 31770824 |
| genetic and antigenic characterization of the first h7n7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated in vietnam. | during the annual surveillance of avian influenza viruses (aivs) in vietnam in 2018, three h7n7 aiv isolates were identified in domestic ducks in a single flock in vinh long province. the present study is the first documented report of h7n7 virus isolates in vietnam and aimed to characterize these viruses, both genetically and antigenically. deduced amino acid sequences for the hemagglutinins (has) indicated a low pathogenicity of these viruses in chickens. phylogenetic analysis revealed that th ... | 2020 | 31760087 |
| full-length transcriptome sequencing from multiple tissues of duck, anas platyrhynchos. | duck (anas platyrhynchos), one of the most economically important waterfowl, is an ideal model for studying the immune protection mechanism of birds. an incomplete duck reference genome and very limited availability of full-length cdnas has hindered the identification of alternatively spliced transcripts and slowed down many basic studies in ducks. we applied pacbio iso-seq technologies to multiple tissues from duck for use in transcriptome sequencing. we obtained 199,993 full-length transcripts ... | 2019 | 31754106 |
| genome sequence of a thermostable avirulent newcastle disease virus isolated from domestic ducks in china. | newcastle disease virus strain d4 was isolated from healthy ducks in hubei, china. the d4 isolate has a genome length of 15,186 nucleotides and is classified as genotype i of class ii. thermostability and pathogenicity tests demonstrate that d4 is a thermostable avirulent strain. | 2019 | 31753945 |
| identification of carbon nanotube particles in liver tissue and its effects on apoptosis of birds exposed to air pollution. | this study aimed to distinguish carbon nanotube (cnt) particles and their pathological effects on the liver of birds in areas with carbon emissions. | 2019 | 31749569 |
| inter genotype differences in expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism in the establishment of hepatic steatosis in muscovy, pekin and mule ducks. | in waterfowls, overfeeding leads to a hepatic steatosis, also called "foie gras". our main objectives were to determine what is the share of genes involvement of glucose metabolism in the establishment of fatty liver in three genotypes of waterfowls: muscovy (cairina moschata), pekin ducks (anas platyrhynchos) and their crossbreed, the mule duck. 288 male ducks of pekin, muscovy and mule genotypes were reared until weeks 12 and overfed between weeks 12 and 14. we analysed gene expression at the ... | 2020 | 31741265 |
| cellular elements organization in the trachea of mallard (anas platyrhynchos) with a special reference to its local immunological role. | many studies have been carried out to investigate the histological structure of the trachea in many species of birds. however, the cellular organization of the trachea in the mallard duck is still unclear. this study was performed on 12 sexually mature male mallard duck to demonstrate the cellular organization of the trachea using light and electron microscopy. the tracheal epithelium is considered the first line of defense against airborne pathogens. the mallard trachea was lined by a pseudostr ... | 2020 | 31724070 |
| a novel neuraminidase-dependent hemagglutinin cleavage mechanism enables the systemic spread of an h7n6 avian influenza virus. | in this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for hemagglutinin (ha) activation in a naturally occurring h7n6 avian influenza a virus strain, a/mallard duck/korea/6l/2007 (a/mdk/6l/07). this novel mechanism allows for systemic infection of chickens, ducks, and mice, and a/mdk/6l/07 can replicate in vitro without exogenous trypsin and exhibits broad tissue tropism in animals despite the presence of a monobasic ha cleavage motif (peipkgr/g). the trypsin-independent growth phenotype requires the ... | 2019 | 31690675 |
| domestic ducks play a major role in the maintenance and spread of h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in south korea. | the h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 spread from eastern china to korea in 2014 and caused outbreaks in domestic poultry until 2016. to understand how h5n8 hpaivs spread at host species level in korea during 2014-2016, a bayesian phylogenetic analysis was used for ancestral state reconstruction and estimation of the host transition dynamics between wild waterfowl, domestic ducks and chickens. our data support that h5n8 hpaiv most likely transmitt ... | 2020 | 31675474 |
| integrated analysis of mrna expression, cpg island methylation, and polymorphisms in the mitf gene in ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (mitf) is a key regulator for the development and function of melanocytes in skin, eye, and plumage pigmentations. thus, the mitf was selected as a candidate gene associated with plumage coloration in ducks. this study analyzed the mrna expression, promoter methylation, and polymorphisms in the mitf gene in ducks with different plumage colors (putian black, putian white, liancheng white, and longsheng jade-green). no expression of the mitf melanin-s ... | 2019 | 31662999 |
| evaluation of threaded external skeletal fixation pin insertion with and without predrilling in avian bone. | the aim of this study was to document the effects of positive-profile threaded external skeletal fixation (esf) pin insertion without predrilling on heat generation, structural damage and pullout strength in avian bone than that with predrilling. | 2020 | 31618774 |
| domestic fowl of ducks, a source of faecal bioactive enterococcus hirae strains. | faecal enterococcus hirae from domestic ducks were studied for their bioactivity to select bioactive strain for more detailed study with its probable use in poultry and also to bring novelty in basic research. after defecation, faeces (n=23, faecal mixture of 40 ducks) were sampled from domestic ducks in eastern slovakia; birds were aged from eight to 14 weeks. e. hirae strains were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of flight mass spectrometry with a highly probab ... | 2019 | 31560461 |
| limited detection of antibodies to clade 2.3.4.4 a/goose/guangdong/1/1996 lineage highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza virus in north american waterfowl. | during 2014, highly pathogenic (hp) influenza a viruses (iavs) of the a/goose/guangdong/1/1996 lineage (gsgd-hp-h5), originating from asia, were detected in domestic poultry and wild birds in canada and the us. these clade 2.3.4.4 gsgd-hp-h5 viruses included reassortants possessing north american lineage gene segments; were detected in wild birds in the pacific, central, and mississippi flyways; and caused the largest hp iav outbreak in poultry in us history. to determine if an antibody response ... | 2020 | 31556839 |
| circulation of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses in wild birds and poultry in the netherlands, 2006-2016. | in this study, we explore the circulation of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai) viruses in wild birds and poultry in the netherlands. surveillance data collected between 2006 and 2016 was used to evaluate subtype diversity, spatiotemporal distribution and genetic relationships between wild bird and poultry viruses. we observed close species-dependent associations among hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes. not all subtypes detected in wild birds were found in poultry, suggesting transmiss ... | 2019 | 31548582 |
| limited changes in the fecal microbiome composition of laying hens after oral inoculation with wild duck feces. | interspecies transmission of fecal microbiota can serve as an indicator for (indirect) contact between domestic and wild animals to assess risks of pathogen transmission, e.g., avian influenza. here, we investigated whether oral inoculation of laying hens with feces of wild ducks (mallards, anas platyrhynchos) resulted in a hen fecal microbiome that was detectably altered on community parameters or relative abundances of individual genera. to distinguish between effects of the duck inoculum and ... | 2019 | 31541252 |
| susceptibility of laughing gulls (leucophaeus atricilla) and mallards (anas platyrhynchos) to ruddy turnstone (arenaria interpres morinella) origin type a influenza viruses. | delaware bay, us is the only documented location where influenza a virus (iav) is consistently detected in a shorebird species, the ruddy turnstone (rutu; arenaria interpres morinella). although iav in shorebirds has been well studied at this site for decades, the importance of other species in the avian community as potential sources for the iavs that infect rutus each spring remains unclear. we determined the susceptibility of mallards (anas platyrhynchos) and laughing gulls (leucophaeus atric ... | 2020 | 31532732 |
| marginal diversity analysis of conservation of chinese domestic duck breeds. | the present study aimed to systematically evaluate the genetic diversity of chinese domestic duck breeds and ensure the most effective allocation and usage of conservation funds. we first performed an analysis of dna genetic distance in 21 duck breeds by measuring short tandem repeats. then, we calculated the extinction probability, contribution rate, and marginal diversity for each breed. the results showed that the extinction rate of the zhongshan duck, guangxi duck, and ji'an duck were the hi ... | 2019 | 31511604 |
| a recombinant vaccine of riemerella anatipestifer ompa fused with duck igy fc and schisandra chinensis polysaccharide adjuvant enhance protective immune response. | riemerella anatipestifer (r. anatipestifer) causes septicemia and infectious serositis in domestic ducks, leading to high mortality and great economic losses worldwide. vaccination is currently considered the best strategy to prevent r. anatipestifer infection in ducklings. in this study, we fused the duck igy fc gene to the outer membrane protein a (ompa) of r. anatipestifer. the eukaryotic expression plasmid carrying the fusion gene was transformed into pichia pastoris (p. pastoris) to express ... | 2019 | 31491549 |
| unlearned visual preferences for the head region in domestic chicks. | unlearned tendencies to approach animate creatures are of great adaptive value, especially for nidifugous social birds that need to react to the presence of potential social companions shortly after hatching. domestic chicks' preferences for taxidermized hens provided the first evidence of social predispositions. however, the nature of the stimuli eliciting this predisposition is not completely understood. here we explore the unlearned preferences of visually naïve domestic chicks for taxidermiz ... | 2019 | 31479480 |
| the duck eb66® cell substrate reveals a novel retrotransposon. | during the establishment of the duck eb66® cell line as a new cell substrate for vaccine production in industry, a very low level of reverse transcriptase (rt) activity was detected in the culture supernatant by product-enhanced rt assay but a whole battery of tests failed to evidence infectious particles. results from extensive biochemical and physical testing demonstrated that rt activity was associated to an intracellular, non-enveloped and dense structure different from an infectious retrovi ... | 2019 | 31474416 |
| [prokaryotic expression and transmembrane transfer of fusion protein tat-rig-i-gfp]. | we studied the construction of fusion protein tat-rig-i-gfp prokaryotic expression vector and verified the function of tat in transmembrane delivery. first, four pairs of specific primers were designed, and the rig-i gene of mallard duck (anas platyrhynchos) was cloned. then, the pet-tat-rig-i-gfp and pet-rig-i-gfp prokaryotic expression vectors were constructed. meanwhile, they were converted to e. coli bl21 (de3), which were induced to be expressed after culture. after the purification of his- ... | 2019 | 31441617 |
| pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone after a single intramuscular or intravascular injection in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos). | pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of alfaxalone was performed in mallard ducks (anas platyrhynchos) after single bolus injections of 10 mg/kg administered intramuscularly (im; n = 10) or intravenously (iv; n = 10), in a randomized cross-over design with a washout period between doses. mean (±sd) cmax following im injection was 1.6 (±0.8) µg/ml with tmax at 15.0 (±10.5) min. area under the curve (auc) was 84.66 and 104.58 min*mg/ml following iv and im administration, respectively. volume of d ... | 2019 | 31435964 |
| immune-related gene expression in ducks infected with waterfowl-origin h5n6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses. | clade 2.3.4.4 h5 avian influenza viruses (aivs) are widely prevalent and of significant concern to the poultry industry and public health in china. nowadays, the clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 virus has become a dominant aiv subtype among domestic ducks in southern china. we found that waterfowl-origin clade 2.3.4.4 h5n6 viruses (a/goose/guangdong/16568/2016, gs16568 and a/duck/guangdong/16873/2016, dk16873) isolated from southern china in 2016 could replicate in multiple organs of inoculated ducks. dk16873 ... | 2019 | 31428075 |
| characterization of avian influenza h5n3 reassortants isolated from migratory waterfowl and domestic ducks in china from 2015 to 2018. | wild and domestic aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (aivs). all subtypes of aivs, including 16 hemagglutinin (ha) and nine neuraminidase (na), have been isolated from the waterfowls. the h5 viruses in wild birds display distinct biological differences from their highly pathogenic h5 counterparts. here, we isolated seven h5n3 aivs including three from wild birds and four from domestic ducks in china from 2015 to 2018. the isolation sites of all the seven viruses ... | 2019 | 31402584 |
| variable impact of the hemagglutinin polybasic cleavage site on virulence and pathogenesis of avian influenza h7n7 virus in chickens, turkeys and ducks. | avian influenza viruses (aiv) are classified into 16 hemagglutinin (ha; h1-h16) and 9 neuraminidase (na; n1-n9) subtypes. all aiv are low pathogenic (lp) in birds, but subtypes h5 and h7 aiv can evolve into highly pathogenic (hp) forms. in the last two decades evolution of hpaiv h7 from lpaiv has been frequently reported. however, little is known about the pathogenesis and evolution of hp h7 from lp ancestors particularly, in non-chicken hosts. in 2015, both lp and hp h7n7 aiv were isolated from ... | 2019 | 31399610 |
| detection of avian malaria in wild birds at trisik beach of yogyakarta, java (indonesia) | avian haemosporidian (plasmodium, haemoproteus and leucocytozoon) are abundant and widespread vector-borne parasites in birds. however, our knowledge is very limited. this study used a nested-pcr to detect the prevalence level of haematozoan parasites in wild bird at coastal area at tisik beach of yogyakarta, java island, indonesia. in total, 112 dna samples of 22 species were used. amplification of cyt-b mtdna of birds at trisik beachdetected 11 out of 112 samples (9.8 %) of all the blood paras ... | 2019 | 31378712 |
| pathology of a(h5n8) (clade 2.3.4.4) virus in experimentally infected chickens and mice. | the emergence of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (hpaivs) in migratory birds raises serious concerns as these viruses have the potential to spread during fall migration. we report the identification of novel hpaiv a(h5n8) clade 2.3.4.4 virus that was isolated from sick domestic duck at commercial farm during the second wave of spread that began in october and affected poultry (ducks; chiсkens) in several european regions of russia and western siberia in 2016. the strain was highl ... | 2019 | 31354812 |
| evaluation of a pressure sensitive walkway for objective gait analysis in normal and arthritic domestic ducks (cairina moschata domestica). | objective gait evaluation with a pressure sensitive walkway (psw) has been used to assess welfare of poultry and to assess lameness and response to therapy in domestic mammals. objective gait analysis of birds with lameness due to pododermatitis, osteoarthritis, and other common diseases could provide non-biased assessment and therapeutic monitoring for zoo clinicians. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of a psw for objective gait analysis in normal domestic ducks (cairina mosch ... | 2019 | 31344125 |