| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: the pathogen, the diagnosis and recent advances in management. | | 1991 | 18611495 |
| respiratory infections in the immunocompromised patient. | damage to local and systemic defences of the lungs makes the immunocompromised host vulnerable to inhaled microorganisms. the type of underlying disease and its associated immunodeficiency allow a high degree of accurate pathogen prediction. neutropenia is associated with gram-negative bacilli pneumonia. prolonged neutropenia increases the risk of aspergillosis and mucormycosis. cellular immunodeficiency is associated with pneumocystis carinii, legionella spp. and intracellular parasites includi ... | 1993 | 18611585 |
| variation in the major surface glycoprotein genes in pneumocystis jirovecii. | the genome of pneumocystis, which causes life-threatening pneumonia in immunosuppressed patients, contains a multicopy gene family that encodes the major surface glycoprotein (msg). pneumocystis can vary the expressed msg, presumably as a mechanism to avoid host immune responses. analysis of 24 msg-gene sequences obtained from a single human isolate of pneumocystis demonstrated that the sequences segregate into 2 branches. results of a number of analyses suggest that recombination between msg ge ... | 2008 | 18627244 |
| pneumocystis carinii: name changed? | | 2008 | 18627383 |
| electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry study of pqaapro and pqproaa mimetic derivatives of the antimalarial primaquine. | electrospray ionization-ion trap mass spectrometry (esi-ms) of imidazolidin-4-one peptidomimetic derivatives of the antimalarial drug primaquine (pq) is reported. these compounds contain the imidazolidin-4-one moiety either at the n- or the c-terminal of a dipeptide backbone, thus respectively mimicking pq-amino acid-proline (pqaapro) and pqproaa derivatives of pq. both the peptidomimetics and precursors previously developed by us are promising drug candidates, as they were found to be active ag ... | 2008 | 18657994 |
| ribozyme mediated trans insertion-splicing of modified oligonucleotides into rna. | the trans insertion-splicing reaction, catalyzed by a group i intron-derived from pneumocystis carinii, was recently developed for the site-specific insertion of a segment of rna into a separate rna substrate. the molecular determinants of this reaction for binding and catalysis are reasonably well understood, making them easily and highly modifiable for altering substrate specificity. to demonstrate proof-of-concept, we now report that the p. carinii ribozyme can except modified oligonucleotide ... | 2008 | 18671935 |
| incidence of urinary tract infections caused by germs resistant to antibiotics commonly used after renal transplantation. | the inadequate utilization of antibiotics is responsible for the development of urinary tract infections (uti) after renal transplantation (rt), through the induction of resistance to the antibiotics themselves. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of resistance to cefotaxime (cef) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx), routinely used for surgical perioperative prophylaxis and prevention of pneumocystis carinii, respectively. | 2008 | 18675078 |
| tetrahymena thermophila and candida albicans group i intron-derived ribozymes can catalyze the trans-excision-splicing reaction. | group i intron-derived ribozymes can catalyze a variety of non-native reactions. for the trans-excision-splicing (tes) reaction, an intron-derived ribozyme from the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis carinii catalyzes the excision of a predefined region from within an rna substrate with subsequent ligation of the flanking regions. to establish tes as a general ribozyme-mediated reaction, intron-derived ribozymes from tetrahymena thermophila and candida albicans, which are similar to but not the ... | 2008 | 18684993 |
| dose-intensity temozolomide after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in operated high-grade gliomas. | we performed a new phase ii trial enrolling patients with newly diagnosed high-grade glioma (hgg) to test the efficacy of a weekly alternating temozolomide (tmz) schedule after surgery and concomitant chemoradiotherapy. | 2008 | 18688571 |
| activity of propolis in an experimental model of pneumocystosis. | to investigate the anti pneumocystis effects of propolis on pneumocystis carinii p. carinii in rat model. | 2008 | 18690302 |
| structural analysis of a holoenzyme complex of mouse dihydrofolate reductase with nadph and a ternary complex with the potent and selective inhibitor 2,4-diamino-6-(2'-hydroxydibenz[b,f]azepin-5-yl)methylpteridine. | it has been shown that 2,4-diamino-6-arylmethylpteridines and 2,4-diamino-5-arylmethylpyrimidines containing an o-carboxylalkyloxy group in the aryl moiety are potent and selective inhibitors of the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from opportunistic pathogens such as pneumocystis carinii, the causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia in hiv/aids patients. in order to understand the structure-activity profile observed for a series of substituted dibenz[b,f]azepine antifolates, the crystal structur ... | 2008 | 18703847 |
| [application of fibrotic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary diffuse infiltration following bone marrow transplantation]. | in order to evaluate the diagnostic value of fibrotic bronchoscopy (fb) in the pulmonary infiltration following bone marrow transplantation (bmt), 18 patients with pulmonary complications after bmt from november 2003 to march 2006 were performed with fb. bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) and brushing were performed in patients who had received short-term empirical therapy without good response, and transbronchial lung biopsy (tblb) was carried out in 3 cases. the results showed that 9 out of 10 cases ... | 2008 | 18718097 |
| chest diseases: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1986 | 18749947 |
| inhaled pentamidine therapy for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1990 | 18750758 |
| lymphopenia associated with adjuvant anthracycline/ taxane regimens. | we observed 2 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurring in hiv-negative patients during treatment with dose-dense chemotherapy with doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide (ac) followed by paclitaxel (t). these represent the first case reports of pcp occurring during dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer. because lymphocyte depletion is thought to predispose patients to pcp, we explored whether the shortened intervals between cycles during dose-dense chemotherapy might place patients at r ... | 2008 | 18757263 |
| late-onset and atypical presentation of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a renal transplant recipient. | pneumocystis jivorecii (formerly known as carinii) pneumonia (pcp) is potentially a life-threatening opportunistic infection after organ transplantation, occurring most frequently in the first 12 months, where the incidence rate is several-fold higher than in later years. pcp typically presents with fever, cough, dyspnoea and hypoxia. in organ transplant recipients, the onset of symptoms is generally more fulminant compared to patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. we present a ... | 2009 | 18758701 |
| n9-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines: synthesis and biological evaluation of lipophilic inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase. | n9-substituted 2,4-diaminoquinazolines were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of pneumocystis carinii (pc) and toxoplasma gondii (tg) dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). reduction of commercially available 2,4-diamino-6-nitroquinazoline 14 with raney nickel afforded 2,4,6-triaminoquinazoline 15. reductive amination of 15 with the appropriate benzaldehydes or naphthaldehydes, followed by n9-alkylation, afforded the target compounds 5- 13. in the 2,5-dimethoxybenzylamino substituted quinazoline ... | 2008 | 18771252 |
| efficacy of 99mtc-dtpa lung clearance test in the diagnosis of pcp in hiv-positive patients. | the study aims to evaluate the efficacy of technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid ((99m)tc-dtpa) lung clearance test in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in hiv-positive paediatric patients. twenty hiv-negative patients with no chest symptoms constituted group a, 25 hiv antibody positive asymptomatic children formed group b, while 45 hiv antibody positive children with respiratory infections comprised group c. group c was subdivided into c(1) (n = 20, documented pc ... | 2009 | 18782858 |
| molecular phylogeny of pneumocystis based on 5.8s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacers of rrna gene sequences. | to clarify the phylogenetic relationships and species status of pneumocystis, the 5.8s rrna gene and the internal transcribed spacers (its, 1 and 2) of pneumocystis rrna derived from rat, gerbil and human were amplified, cloned and sequenced. the genetic distance matrix of six pneumocystis species compared with other fungi like taphrina and saccharomyces indicated that the pneumocystis genus contained multiple species including pneumocystis from gerbil. the phylogenetic tree also showed that pne ... | 2008 | 18785590 |
| results of kidney transplantation from abo-incompatible living donors in a single institution. | abo-incompatible kidney transplantation has become a popular alternative to kidney transplantation in japan because of the severe shortage of cadaveric donors. in our institution, 21 cases of abo-incompatible kidney transplantation were performed from april 2004, to october 2007. recipient age was 42.8 +/- 14.5 years old; there were 9 men and 12 women. duration of hemodialysis was 1,914 +/- 2,343 days. donor operation was performed using a complete laparoscopic procedure. recipient's splenectomy ... | 2008 | 18790214 |
| using molecular docking, 3d-qsar, and cluster analysis for screening structurally diverse data sets of pharmacological interest. | in this study, we propose a drug design approach which includes docking, molecular fingerprints based cluster analysis, and 'induced' descriptors based receptor-dependent 3d-qsar. the method was shown to be very useful for screening and modeling structurally diverse data sets of pharmacological interest. different from other receptor-dependent 3d-qsar, no ambiguous alignments are required for the construction of the models, and the computational cost is relatively lower. moreover, 'induced' desc ... | 2008 | 18816024 |
| four consecutive multicenter phase ii trials of adjuvant chemoradiation in patients with completely resected high-risk gastric cancer: the experience of the german aio/aro/cao group. | feasibility and efficacy of four different adjuvant radiochemotherapy regimens in patients with completely resected gastric cancer were evaluated in consecutive cooperative phase ii trials using different 5-fluorouracil (5-fu)-based combination chemotherapies (ctx) and 5-fu-enhanced radiotherapy. | 2009 | 18825411 |
| long-term survival after postpartum liver rupture and necrosis requiring liver transplantation in a twin pregnancy. | a 32-year-old g6p5 (hepatitis b carrier, of african origin) with a spontaneous twin pregnancy gave birth at the 37th gestational week. four hours later she collapsed. upon an emergency laparotomy, right liver lobe rupture and later massive liver necrosis were diagnosed. four days later, a liver transplantation was performed. she was discharged from the hospital 38 days after her delivery, four laparotomies, and having received 179 units of red blood cells, 221 units of fresh frozen plasma, 144 u ... | 2009 | 18843188 |
| phylogenomic analyses support the monophyly of taphrinomycotina, including schizosaccharomyces fission yeasts. | several morphologically dissimilar ascomycete fungi including schizosaccharomyces, taphrina, saitoella, pneumocystis, and neolecta have been grouped into the taxon taphrinomycotina (archiascomycota or archiascomycotina), originally based on rrna phylogeny. these analyses lack statistically significant support for the monophyly of this grouping, and although confirmed by more recent multigene analyses, this topology is contradicted by mitochondrial phylogenies. to resolve this inconsistency, we h ... | 2009 | 18922765 |
| common aids-associated opportunistic infections. | | 2008 | 18975491 |
| long-term outcomes to fludarabine and rituximab in waldenström macroglobulinemia. | we report the long-term outcome of a multicenter, prospective study examining fludarabine and rituximab in waldenström macroglobulinemia (wm). wm patients with less than 2 prior therapies were eligible. intended therapy consisted of 6 cycles (25 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days) of fludarabine and 8 infusions (375 mg/m(2) per week) of rituximab. a total of 43 patients were enrolled. responses were: complete response (n = 2), very good partial response (n = 14), partial response (n = 21), and minor res ... | 2009 | 19015393 |
| pcp prophylaxis in perinatally hiv-exposed infant. | | 2008 | 19029576 |
| use of different primer directed sequence amplification by polymerase chain reaction for identification of pneumocystis jirovecii in clinical samples. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), caused by opportunistic agent pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly, pneumocystis carinii is one of the most serious respiratory infection in immunocompromised patients. | 2008 | 19035050 |
| lessons learned about opportunistic infections in southeast asia. | southeast asia is a region where the number of people infected with hiv/aids is one of the fastest growing in the world. tuberculosis (tb) has grown along with the hiv epidemic. tb is not only the most common aids-defining illness but is also the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in aids patients. cryptococcosis (meningitis or disseminated) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in aids patients. cryptococcal meningitis is the first in the differential diagnosis considered wit ... | 2008 | 19058599 |
| [pneumocystis pneumonia]. | pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly pneumocystis carinii) is an ascomycetous fungus that causes opportunistic pulmonary infections in immunocompromised patients such as human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection, haematological/solid malignancies, transplant recipients and receiving chronic immunosuppressive medications. although the reports of defects of cell-mediated immunity in patients with diabetes abound, diabetes mellitus is not considerable risk of developing pneumocystis pneumonia. in th ... | 2008 | 19069107 |
| functional differentiation of tbf1 orthologues in fission and budding yeasts. | in saccharomyces cerevisiae, tbf1, an essential gene, influences telomere function but also has other roles in the global regulation of transcription. we have identified a new member of the tbf1 gene family in the mammalian pathogen pneumocystis carinii. we demonstrate by transspecies complementation that its ectopic expression can provide the essential functions of schizosaccharomyces pombe tbf1 but that there is no rescue between fission and budding yeast orthologues. our findings indicate tha ... | 2009 | 19074598 |
| fever and cough in methotrexate-treated patients: an approach. | the prevalence of acute methotrexate pneumonitis is up to 5.5%. its presentation is often difficult to distinguish from opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii, nocardia, and cryptococcus or from interstitial infiltrates from the underlying rheumatic disease. its recognition rests on the presence of cough, dyspnea, fever, new pulmonary function test abnormalities, and acute infiltrates on chest radiograph. the diagnosis ultimately rests on histologic confirmation and exclusion of i ... | 1995 | 19077998 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis in patients with rheumatic diseases undergoing immunosuppressive therapy: prealence and associated features. | abstract: pneumocystis carini (pcp) has been recognized as a cause of pneumonia in immuocompromised patients, most notably in aids patients, but also in those receiving immunosuppressive therapy for a variety of other conditions, including malignancy, having an organ transplant, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitic syndromes. in non-hiv pcp patients, presentations may be more dramatic than in hiv-related pcp and the mortality may be higher, thus emphasizing the need to identify and provide ... | 2000 | 19078457 |
| clinical and epidemiological analysis of patients with hiv/aids admitted to a reference hospital in the northeast region of brazil. | the aids epidemic has become a worldwide phenomenon of enormous magnitude and extension, deeply transforming medical practices and public health initiatives. this retrospective survey aimed to analyze clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with hiv/aids admitted to the institute of tropical diseases natan portella, teresina, piauí, brazil, from january, 2001 through december, 2004. of the 828 patients, 43% were from other states and 71.3% were men. average patient age was 35.4 ... | 2008 | 19082373 |
| oxidosqualene cyclase from saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, pneumocystis carinii and arabidopsis thaliana expressed in yeast: a model for the development of novel antiparasitic agents. | a series of 25 compounds, some of which previously were described as inhibitors of human liver microsomal oxidosqualene cyclase (osc), were tested as inhibitors of saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, pneumocystis carinii and arabidopsis thaliana oscs expressed in an osc-defective strain of s. cerevisiae. the screening identified three derivatives particularly promising for the development of novel anti-trypanosoma agents and eight derivatives for the development of novel anti-pneumocyst ... | 2009 | 19119009 |
| pneumocystis mediates overexpression of antizyme inhibitor resulting in increased polyamine levels and apoptosis in alveolar macrophages. | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic disease in immunocompromised patients. alveolar macrophages are responsible for the clearance of pneumocystis organisms; however, they undergo a high rate of apoptosis during pcp due to increased intracellular polyamine levels. in this study, the sources of polyamines and mechanisms of polyamine increase and polyamine-induced apoptosis were investigated. the level of ornithine decarboxylase (odc) was elevated in alveolar macrophages, ... | 2009 | 19158080 |
| correlations of inhibitor kinetics for pneumocystis jirovecii and human dihydrofolate reductase with structural data for human active site mutant enzyme complexes. | to understand the role of specific active site residues in conferring selective dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) inhibition from pathogenic organisms such as pneumocystis carinii (pc) or pneumocystis jirovecii (pj), the causative agent in aids pneumonia, it is necessary to evaluate the role of these residues in the human enzyme. we report the first kinetic parameters for dhfr from pjdhfr and pcdhfr with methotrexate (mtx), trimethoprim (tmp), and its potent analogue, py957. we also report the muta ... | 2009 | 19196009 |
| opportunistic cytomegalovirus infection in a patient receiving temozolomide for treatment of malignant glioma. | treatment of malignant gliomas has changed substantially over the last few years. an oral alkylating agent, temozolomide, has become the standard agent for glioma management. although it is generally well tolerated, it can cause lymphopenia and may lead to opportunistic infections. we report on a patient with malignant glioma who developed opportunistic cytomegalovirus (cmv) pneumonia following the termination of temozolomide therapy. the patient was admitted with acute dyspnea, fever and hypoxi ... | 2009 | 19201195 |
| retrospective review of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia over two decades. | the aim of the study was to compare a retrospective case note review of all cases of pneumocystis carinii (now pneumocystis jirovecii) pneumonia (pjp) over the period 1997-2004 at north manchester general hospital with a previous audit covering the years 1986-1995. during 1986-1995, 777 patients were diagnosed with hiv. one hundred and eighty-one were also diagnosed with pjp. of these, 11 patients required ventilation with a mortality rate of 100%. for the current review during 1997-2004, 210 pa ... | 2009 | 19255271 |
| refractory kaposiform hemangioendothelioma that expressed vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (vegfr)-2 and vegfr-3: a case report. | this report describes the case of a 10-month-old boy who was diagnosed to have kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (khe) with kasabach-merritt syndrome (kms), which is a rare pediatric vascular tumor with a high mortality rate. although both khe with kms were resistant to various therapies, such as oral prednisolone, sclerotherapy, and chemotherapy, repeated radiation therapy with methylprednisolone pulse therapy did reduce the volume of khe and improved the symptoms of kms. unfortunately, a regrowt ... | 2009 | 19262246 |
| management of temozolomide toxicity by nurse practitioners in neuro-oncology. | to investigate the toxicity of temozolomide (tmz) in patients with brain tumors and appropriate nursing interventions. | 2009 | 19273412 |
| small molecule microarrays of rna-focused peptoids help identify inhibitors of a pathogenic group i intron. | peptoids that inhibit the group i intron rna from candida albicans, an opportunistic pathogen that kills immunocompromised hosts, have been identified using microarrays. the arrayed peptoid library was constructed using submonomers with moieties similar to ones found in small molecules known to bind rna. library members that passed quality control analysis were spotted onto a microarray and screened for binding to the c. albicans group i intron ribozyme. each ligand binder identified from microa ... | 2009 | 19278238 |
| the pneumocystis meiotic pcran1p kinase exhibits unique temperature-regulated activity. | pneumocystis organisms are opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause significant pneumonia in immune-compromised hosts. recent evidence has suggested that pneumocystis carinii exists as separate mating types, and expresses and regulates proteins that govern meiosis and progression of the life cycle. this study was undertaken to investigate the activity of three life cycle-regulatory proteins in pneumocystis, including two proteins essential in mating signaling, and a putative meiotic regulator, ... | 2009 | 19286979 |
| demographic & clinical profile of hiv infected children accessing care at tambaram, chennai, india. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is severely affecting the poorly educated and economically disadvantaged in indian society. when children start developing clinical manifestations, needing treatment, they have to travel long distances for accessing care and support at tertiary institutions. this places an extra burden on patients, who are already struggling to cope with their illness. sufficient data are needed for the government to evolve appropriate policy for providing care to the children ... | 2009 | 19287056 |
| the case: acute kidney injury in a patient with p. carinii pneumonia. | | 2009 | 19337226 |
| [human reservoirs of pneumocystis]. | pneumocystis jirovecii, the fungal agent that causes pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp), is known to exclusively infect humans. molecular studies have enabled detection of this fungus in individuals who have been colonized by p. jirovecii. such colonization, found in several populations, seems to act as a human reservoir for the fungus. various studies have reported mutations associated with sulfa resistance in p. jirovecii strains isolated from colonized patients, who can transmit the mutant genotype ... | 2010 | 19403207 |
| hiv in pregnancy: a case of pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia. | this review highlights the rising prevalence of hiv in pregnancy both in the developed and developing world. it focuses on the challenges of diagnosis and management of pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia in an hiv-positive pregnant woman. public health efforts need to continue addressing testing at the earliest opportunity, the psychosocial issues which impact negatively on the care of hiv-positive individuals and ways to reduce stigmatisation associated with this viral illness. | 2009 | 19421761 |
| characterization of a novel adam protease expressed by pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis species are opportunistic fungal pathogens that cause severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. recent evidence has suggested that unidentified proteases are involved in pneumocystis life cycle regulation. proteolytically active adam (named for "a disintegrin and metalloprotease") family molecules have been identified in some fungal organisms, such as aspergillus fumigatus and schizosaccharomyces pombe, and some have been shown to participate in life cycle regulation. accordingly ... | 2009 | 19451239 |
| [a case of aids patient complicated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 2009 | 19459515 |
| oral kaposi sarcoma: a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. | wider use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (haart) for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1)-infected patients has significantly altered the pattern of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)-related clinical signs and symptoms and has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities for these patients. immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (iris) is a paradox of clinical worsening of opportunistic infections in the context of response to haart and immunological recovery. here we pres ... | 2009 | 19464210 |
| role of ct-guided percutaneous lung biopsy in diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic diseases. | the goal of our study is to evaluate the efficiency and safety of ct-guided percutaneous lung biopsy for the diagnosis of pulmonary fungal infection in patients with hematologic disease. medical records were retrospectively reviewed for 16 patients with hematologic diseases, who were initially suspected to have pulmonary fungal infection clinically and underwent further diagnostic methods including blood culture, sputum culture and percutaneous lung biopsy. of the 16 patients, 10 were diagnosed ... | 2009 | 19468797 |
| misinformation about pneumocystis. | | 2009 | 19558583 |
| hiv/aids, parasites and co-infections: publication patterns in china. | abstract: | 2009 | 19589143 |
| screening pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-hiv-infected immunocompromised patients using polymerase chain reaction. | we evaluated the clinical value of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for screening pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in non-hiv-infected immunocompromised patients. we retrospectively analyzed pcr and grocott's methenamine silver (gms) staining on 1044 clinical specimens obtained from 756 patients. positive rates of pcr and gms staining in sputum specimens were 21.1% and 9.5%, respectively (p < 0.01), and in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), specimens were 31.9% and 25.5%, respectively. among 5 pat ... | 2009 | 19631093 |
| [pneumocystis jiroveci: epidemiological, pathophysiological and biological update]. | one century after its discovery, pneumocystis jiroveci is an infectious agent still responsible of a high mortality rate among immunocompromised patients. molecular biology advances have authorized some important progress mainly concerning epidemiology, pathophysiology and biological diagnosis. it has also brought a lot of publication on the subject. they describe a large panel of different biological diagnosis method. the purpose of this article is to synthesize these knowledges and to update t ... | 2009 | 19654077 |
| excessive naked megakaryocyte nuclei in myelodysplastic syndrome mimicking idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura: a complicated pre- and post-transplantation course. | a boy 3 years 7 months old with thrombocytopenia and history of intracranial hemorrhage who underwent bone marrow transplantation is presented. he was refractory to steroids, immunoglobulin g, vincristine, azathioprine, cyclosporine a, interleukin-11, chemotherapy, and splenectomy. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura was excluded by light /electron microscopic and flow cytometric findings; the diagnosis of refractory cytopenia, a subgroup of pediatric myelodysplastic syndrome, was made. naked me ... | 2009 | 19657988 |
| complexity of the msg gene family of pneumocystis carinii. | the relationship between the parasitic fungus pneumocystis carinii and its host, the laboratory rat, presumably involves features that allow the fungus to circumvent attacks by the immune system. it is hypothesized that the major surface glycoprotein (msg) gene family endows pneumocystis with the capacity to vary its surface. this gene family is comprised of approximately 80 genes, which each are approximately 3 kb long. expression of the msg gene family is regulated by a cis-dependent mechanism ... | 2009 | 19664205 |
| [presence of pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis wakefieldiae dna in the extrapulmonary tissues of immunocompromised laboratory rats]. | fungi of the genus pneumocystis are opportunistic pathogens which cause lethal pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. those fungi may also invade other visceral organs where they induce lesions, although, the pathways or mechanisms of the in vivo infection are still unknown. the corticosteroid-treated rat model was used to evaluate the course of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis. liver, kidney, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes of 16 rats were examined for the presence of mtlsu gene fragments of p. ... | 2009 | 19670532 |
| the 'dark bronchus' sign: hrct diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | we report the importance of the 'dark bronchus' sign in the diagnosis of uniform, diffuse ground glass opacification on high resolution computerized tomography (hrct). this sign is useful to identify diffuse ground glass opacity on hrct in cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia who may present with a normal or equivocal chest radiograph in the early course of disease. | 2007 | 19724672 |
| high-speed cell sorting of infectious trophic and cystic forms of pneumocystis carinii. | the separation of pneumocystis carinii life-cycle stages while preserving infectivity is a hitherto unresolved challenge. we describe an original, reproducible, and efficient method for separating trophic from cystic forms of p. carinii using a high-speed cell sorter. the large amounts of highly purified (99.6+/-0.3%) infectious trophic and cystic forms can now be used to elucidate the poorly understood p. carinii life cycle. | 2009 | 19737197 |
| immunosuppression and atypical infections in cml patients treated with dasatinib at 140 mg daily. | the multikinase inhibitor dasatinib exerts growth-inhibitory effects in patients with imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia (cml). in first clinical trials, side effects of dasatinib, 140 mg daily, were reported to be mild and tolerable. | 2009 | 19744184 |
| development and validation of a normal-phase high-performance thin layer chromatographic method for the analysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in co-trimoxazole tablets. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is often the ultimate mortal cause for immunocompromised individuals, such as hiv/aids patients. currently, the most effective medicine for treatment and prophylaxis is co-trimoxazole, a synergistic combination of sulfamethoxazole (smx) and trimethoprim (tmp). in order to ensure a continued availability of high quality co-trimoxazole tablets within resource-limited countries, medicines regulatory authorities must perform quality control of these products. how ... | 2009 | 19762032 |
| pulmonary involvement of systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of 90 necropsies. | pleuropulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) have been reported to be of variable prevalence, depending on the diagnostic methods used. the objective of this study was to determine the anatomopathological prevalence and the nature of lung involvement associated with sle and to define if there were differences in the grade and type of pulmonary involvement in patients who had died at different time periods, before or after 1996. complete autopsy studies of 90 patients with ... | 2009 | 19762378 |
| characterization of pceng2, a {beta}-1,3-endoglucanase homolog in pneumocystis carinii with activity in cell wall regulation. | pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia is an opportunistic fungal infection that causes severe respiratory impairment in immunocompromised patients. the viability of pneumocystis organisms is dependent on the cyst cell wall, a structural feature that is regulated by essential cell wall-associated enzymes. the formation of the glucan-rich cystic wall has been previously characterized, but glucan degradation in the organism-specifically, degradation during trophic excystment-is not yet fully understood. ... | 2010 | 19783787 |
| restriction fragment length polymorphism typing demonstrates substantial diversity among pneumocystis jirovecii isolates. | better understanding of the epidemiology and transmission patterns of human pneumocystis should lead to improved strategies for preventing pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp). we have developed a typing method for pneumocystis jirovecii that is based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis after polymerase chain reaction amplification of an approximately 1300 base-pair region of the msg gene family, which comprises an estimated 50-100 genes/genome. the rflp pattern was reproducible ... | 2009 | 19795979 |
| imidazoquines as antimalarial and antipneumocystis agents. | peptidomimetic imidazolidin-4-one derivatives of primaquine (imidazoquines) recently displayed in vitro activity against blood schizonts of a chloroquine-resistant strain of plasmodium falciparum. preliminary studies with a subset of such imidazoquines showed them to both block transmission of p. berghei malaria from mouse to mosquito and be highly stable toward hydrolysis at physiological conditions. this prompted us to have deeper insight into the activity of imidazoquines against both plasmod ... | 2009 | 19799426 |
| polyamine transport as a target for treatment of pneumocystis pneumonia. | polyamine levels are greatly increased in alveolar macrophages (ams) during pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp), leading to increased production of h(2)o(2), which causes ams to undergo apoptosis. one of the mechanisms by which polyamine levels in ams are elevated is enhanced uptake of exogenous polyamines. in this study, the possibility of targeting polyamine uptake as a treatment for pcp was examined. four anthracene- and one benzene-polyamine conjugates that are potential polyamine transport inhibit ... | 2009 | 19805570 |
| development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with immunobullous and connective tissue disease receiving immunosuppressive medications. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) causes morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. data describing use of pcp prophylaxis in immunosuppressed dermatologic patients are lacking. | 2010 | 19828210 |
| newly formed cystic lesions for the development of pneumomediastinum in pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. | pneumocystis jirovecii, formerly named pneumocystis carinii, is one of the most common opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected patients. | 2009 | 19835635 |
| [influence of baicalin on tnf-alpha and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in rats infected with pneumocystis carinii]. | to explore the effect of baicalin on tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sicam-1) of immunosuppressed rats infected with pneumocystis carinii. | 2009 | 19856505 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole induced acute interstitial nephritis in renal allografts; clinical course and outcome. | acute interstitial nephritis (ain) secondary to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) is well documented as a cause of acute renal failure in native kidneys. tmp-smx is the standard prophylactic agent against pneumocystis carinii (pcp) used in the early post-transplant period, however, it has to date only been indirectly associated with ain in renal allografts. design, setting, participants and measurements: we describe eleven renal transplant patients with acute allograft dysfunction in whom ... | 2009 | 19863874 |
| synthesis and biological evaluation of biguanide and dihydrotriazine derivatives as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase of opportunistic microorganisms. | twenty-one biguanide and dihydrotriazine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from opportunistic microorganisms: pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg), mycobacterium avium (ma), and rat liver (rl). the most potent compound in the series was b2-07 with 12 nm activity against tgdhfr. the most striking observation was that b2-07 showed similar potency to trimetrexate, approximately 233-fold improved potency over trimethoprim and appr ... | 2010 | 19874136 |
| review of zoonotic parasites in medical and veterinary fields in the republic of korea. | zoonotic parasites are animal parasites that can infect humans. the major zoonotic protozoa in the republic of korea are babesia bovis, chilomastix mesnili, cryptosporidium parvum, endolimax nana, entamoeba coli, entamoeba hitolytica, giardia lamblia, iodamoeba bütschlii, pneumocystis carinii, sarcocystis cruzi, and toxoplasma gondii. the major zoonotic helminths in korea include trematodes, cestodes, and nematodes. trematodes are clonorchis sinensis, echinostoma hortense, echinostoma spp., fasc ... | 2009 | 19885329 |
| functional characterization and localization of pneumocystis carinii lanosterol synthase. | organisms in the genus pneumocystis are ubiquitous, opportunistic pathogenic fungi capable of causing a lethal pneumonia in immunocompromised mammalian hosts. pneumocystis spp. are unique members of the fungal kingdom due to the absence of ergosterol in their cellular membranes. although these organisms were thought to obtain cholesterol by scavenging, transcriptional analyses indicate that pneumocystis carinii encodes gene homologs involved in sterol biosynthesis. to better understand the stero ... | 2010 | 19897737 |
| prevalence of helicobacter hepaticus, murine norovirus, and pneumocystis carinii and eradication efficacy of cross-fostering in genetically engineered mice. | we investigated the prevalence of helicobacter hepaticus, murine norovirus (mnv), and pneumocystis carinii and the efficacy of cross-fostering for their eradication in 49 genetically engineered mouse (gem) strains at our institute. prevalences of h. hepaticus, mnv, and p. carinii were 33.9, 36.5, and 8.6%, respectively, and immunodeficient strains showed relatively higher prevalence of the 3 pathogens than immunocompetent strains. additionally, the same immune phenotype strains showed similar pr ... | 2009 | 19897933 |
| characterization of the pccdc42 small g protein from pneumocystis carinii, which interacts with the pcste20 life cycle regulatory kinase. | pneumocystis carinii (pc) causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. the binding of pc trophic forms to alveolar epithelial cells is a central feature of infection, inducing the expression and activation of pcste20, a gene participating in mating, proliferation, and pseudohyphal growth. in related fungi, ste20 proteins are generally activated by immediate upstream small g proteins of the cdc42-like family. pccdc42 has not been previously described in pneumocystis. to address the potenti ... | 2010 | 19915161 |
| a survival case of abo-incompatible liver transplantation complicated with severe preoperative infection and subsequent overwhelming postsplenectomy infection. | a 47-year-old japanese man was transferred to our hospital because of acute-on-chronic hepatitis b virus infection. on admission, he was suffering from sepsis due to a catheter infection and respiratory failure caused by pulmonary edema and pneumonia, but, as a result of preoperative intensive care, we avoided septic shock. abo-incompatible liver transplantation (abo-i-lt) was performed. in accordance with our abo-i-lt protocol, we administered, rituximab and performed plasma exchange, splenecto ... | 2009 | 19917418 |
| sequence and structure of the linear mitochondrial genome of pneumocystis carinii. | with the exception of a few genes, most of the mitochondrial (mt) genome of pneumocystis carinii has not previously been sequenced. shotgun sequences generated as a result of the pneumocystis genome project (pgp) were assembled with the gap4 assembly program into a 23-kb contig. annotation of the mt genome identified 4 open reading frames and 20 trnas in addition to 17 other genes: atp synthase, subunits 6, 8, and 9; cytochrome c oxidase, subunits 1, 2, and 3; nadh dehydrogenase, subunits 1, 2, ... | 2010 | 19921262 |
| unusual onset of venous thromboembolism and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. | essential thrombocythemia is a hematological disorder characterized by clonal hemopoiesis in the bone marrow and increased number of circulating platelets. it is usually discovered accidentally at the time of routine blood examinations or can become clinically evident with either thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications. in the present article, we describe the case of a 66-year-old woman with pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii, who experienced deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism during ... | 2010 | 19923984 |
| anti-cd3 antibody decreases inflammation and improves outcome in a murine model of pneumocystis pneumonia. | the t cell-mediated immune response elicited by pneumocystis plays a key role in pulmonary damage and dysfunction during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). mice depleted of cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells prior to infection are markedly protected from pcp-related respiratory deficit and death, despite progressive lung infection. however, the therapeutic effectiveness of ab-mediated disruption of t cell function in mice already displaying clinical symptoms of disease has not been determined. therefo ... | 2010 | 19949093 |
| 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-substituted arylthio-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as novel classical and nonclassical antifolates as potential dual thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. | a novel classical antifolate n-{4-[(2,4-diamino-5-methyl-furo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-6-yl)thio]-benzoyl}-l-glutamic acid 5 and 11 nonclassical antifolates 6-16 were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and thymidylate synthase (ts). the nonclassical compounds 6-16 were synthesized from 20 via oxidative addition of substituted thiophenols using iodine. peptide coupling of the intermediate acid 21 followed by saponification gave the classical analog 5. comp ... | 2010 | 20056546 |
| pathology quiz case 2. pneumocystis carinii (also known as pneumocystis jiroveci) infection of the right temporal bone. | | 2010 | 20083790 |
| pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis wakefieldiae in wild rattus norvegicus trapped in thailand. | this work reports for the first time the presence of two pneumocystis species in wild rattus norvegicus specimens from thailand. pneumocystis dna was detected in 57.7% (15/26) wild rats without apparent association with typical pneumocystosis. pneumocystis carinii was found alone in five rats (19.2%), pneumocystis wakefieldiae was detected alone in six rats (23.1%), and two rats were infected by both species (7.7%). in addition, a new p. wakefieldiae variant sequence has been identified in three ... | 2010 | 20113380 |
| [aids and injecting drug use: survival determinants in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era]. | to estimate survival, after aids diagnosis, in people who got infected with hiv through injecting drug use (idus), to identify among variables collected at aids diagnosis those which were associated to prognosis and to assess the frequency of morbid conditions at death. | 2009 | 20124634 |
| generation of the pathogenic r5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus shivad8 by serial passaging in rhesus macaques. | a new pathogenic r5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus (shiv) was generated following serial passaging in rhesus macaques. all 13 animals inoculated with shiv(ad8) passaged lineages experienced marked depletions of cd4(+) t cells. ten of these infected monkeys became normal progressors (nps) and had gradual losses of both memory and naïve cd4(+) t lymphocytes, generated antiviral cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cell responses, and sustained chronic immune activation while maintaining variable levels ... | 2010 | 20147396 |
| measles mimicking hiv seroconversion syndrome: a case report. | abstract: | 2010 | 20181109 |
| mortality among hiv-infected patients in resource limited settings: a case controlled analysis of inpatients at a community care center. | problem statement: despite massive national efforts to scale up antiretroviral therapy (art) access in india since 2004, the aids death rate was 17.2 per 100,000 persons during 2003-2005. in the era of haart in resource poor settings, it is imperative to understand and address the causes of aids related mortality. this collaborative study aimed at defining the predictors of mortality among people living with hiv/aids (plha) admitted during 2003-2005 to the freedom foundation (ff) care and suppor ... | 2009 | 20204076 |
| [immunogenicity of p55 gene fragment from pneumocystis carinii]. | to evaluate immunogenicity of the recombinant protein gst-p55/570 of pneumocystis carinii. | 2009 | 20232632 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | | 1964 | 20327885 |
| design, synthesis, biological evaluation and computational investigation of novel inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase of opportunistic pathogens. | the present work deals with design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel, diverse compounds as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from opportunistic microorganisms; pneumocystis carinii (pc), toxoplasma gondii (tg) and mycobacterium avium (ma). a set of 14 structurally diverse compounds were designed with varying key pharmacophoric features of dhfr inhibitors, bulky distal substitutions and different bridges joining the distal part and 2,4-diaminopyrimidine nucleus. t ... | 2010 | 20363634 |
| microarray studies on effects of pneumocystis carinii infection on global gene expression in alveolar macrophages. | pneumocystis pneumonia is a common opportunistic disease in aids patients. the alveolar macrophage is an important effector cell in the clearance of pneumocystis organisms by phagocytosis. however, both the number and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages are decreased in pneumocystis infected hosts. to understand how pneumocystis inactivates alveolar macrophages, affymetrix genechip rg-u34a dna microarrays were used to study the difference in global gene expression in alveolar macrophages ... | 2010 | 20377877 |
| the vermont model for rural hiv care delivery: eleven years of outcome data comparing urban and rural clinics. | provision of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) care in rural areas has encountered unique barriers. | 2010 | 20446997 |
| a diagnostic method for pneumocystis carinii a causative agent of pneumonia in immunodeficient rats. | immunodeficient animals are in demand in current biomedical research, and they contribute to medical progress. in pneumocystis infections, a specific histological diagnostic tool may be immunochemistry (ic). however, it was recently reported that the antibody (3f6) was not suitable for detecting pneumocystis in rats. we purchased another antibody [pnc007] from a commercial source for ic. we could detect positive signals at identical locations with ic and toluidine blue o in lungs of infected rat ... | 2010 | 20484862 |
| role of cytology and polymerase chain reaction based detection of pneumocystis jirovecii infection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. | to study the role of cytology and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf). | 2010 | 20518414 |
| sterol biosynthesis and sterol uptake in the fungal pathogen pneumocystis carinii. | members of the fungal genus pneumocystis colonize healthy mammalian hosts without causing apparent disease, but colonization in immunocompromised hosts may result in a potentially fatal pneumonia known as pneumocystis pneumonia. although pneumocystis are fungi, this genus has characteristics that make it atypical among other fungi. pneumocystis do not appear to synthesize the major fungal sterol, ergosterol, and biochemical analyses have shown that they utilize cholesterol rather than ergosterol ... | 2010 | 20528942 |
| antifungal and cytotoxic activity of withanolides from acnistus arborescens. | three compounds were isolated from acnistus arborescens, a tree commonly used in south and central america in traditional medicine against several infectious diseases, some of which are caused by fungi. bioassay-guided fractionation of a meoh extract of leaves, based on its anti-pneumocystis carinii activity, led to the isolation of compounds 1-3. mono- and bidimensional nmr analyses enabled identification of two new withanolides, (20r,22r)-5beta,6beta-epoxy-4beta,12beta,20-trihydroxy-1-oxowith- ... | 2010 | 20590148 |
| pneumocystis cell wall beta-glucan stimulates calcium-dependent signaling of il-8 secretion by human airway epithelial cells. | respiratory failure secondary to alveolar inflammation during pneumocystis pneumonia is a major cause of death in immunocompromised patients. neutrophil infiltration in the lung of patients with pneumocystis infection predicts severity of the infection and death. several previous studies indicate that airway epithelial cells release the neutrophil chemoattractant proteins, mip-2 (rodents) and il-8 (humans), in response to pneumocystis and purified pneumocystis cell wall beta-glucans (pcbg) throu ... | 2010 | 20626862 |
| pneumocystis carinii expresses an active rtt109 histone acetyltransferase. | pneumocystis (pc) remains a severe cause of pneumonia in immune compromised hosts. identification of specific targets present in pc, but lacking in humans, is paramount to developing new means to treat this infection. one such potential protein is rtt109, a unique histone acetyltransferase (hat) that acetylates h3 lysine 56 (h3-k56) in yeast and is required for dna replication. sequence homologues of rtt109 are present in other fungi, but are absent in mammals, making it a potential pan-specific ... | 2010 | 20656950 |
| bisbenzamidines as antifungal agents. are both amidine functions required to observe an anti-pneumocystis carinii activity? | a library of 19 novel 4-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl)benzamidines has been synthesized and evaluated in vitro against pneumocystis carinii. among these compounds, n-ethyl- and n-hexyl-4-(4-phenylpiperazine-1-yl)benzamidines emerged as the most promising compounds, with inhibition percentages at 10.0 microg/ml of 87% and 96%, respectively. those compounds remained active at 0.1 microg/ml. | 2010 | 20657441 |
| simian immunodeficiency virus infection alters chemokine networks in lung tissues of cynomolgus macaques: association with pneumocystis carinii infection. | infection by hiv-1 frequently leads to pulmonary complications, including alterations to local immune environments. to better understand these alterations, we have examined in detail the patterns and levels of expression of chemokine, cytokine, and chemokine receptor mrnas in lung tissues from 16 uninfected or simian immunodeficiency virus (siv)/deltab670 infected cynomolgus macaques at different stages of infection. among the most up-regulated immune genes were interferon (ifn)-gamma, ifn-gamma ... | 2010 | 20671263 |