| transgene stacking and marker elimination in transgenic rice by sequential agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation with the same selectable marker gene. | rice chitinase (chi11) and tobacco osmotin (ap24) genes, which cause disruption of fungal cell wall and cell membrane, respectively, were stacked in transgenic rice to develop resistance against the sheath blight disease. the homozygous marker-free transgenic rice line cot23 which harboured the rice chi11 transgene was sequentially re-transformed with a second transgene ap24 by co-transformation using an agrobacterium tumefaciens strain harbouring a single-copy cointegrate vector pgv2260::pssj1 ... | 2011 | 21327387 |
| engineering cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) for resistance to cotton leaf curl disease using viral truncated ac1 dna sequences. | several important biological processes are performed by distinct functional domains found on replication-associated protein (rep) encoded by ac1 of geminiviruses. two truncated forms of replicase (tac1) gene, capable of expressing only the n-terminal 669 bp (5'ac1) and c-terminal 783 bp (3'ac1) nucleotides cloned under transcriptional control of the camv35s were introduced into cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.) using lba4404 strain of agrobacterium tumefaciens to make use of an interference strateg ... | 2011 | 21327530 |
| complete genome sequencing of agrobacterium sp. h13-3, the former rhizobium lupini h13-3, reveals a tripartite genome consisting of a circular and a linear chromosome and an accessory plasmid but lacking a tumor-inducing ti-plasmid. | agrobacterium sp. h13-3, formerly known as rhizobium lupini h13-3, is a soil bacterium that was isolated from the rhizosphere of lupinus luteus. the isolate has been established as a model system for studying novel features of flagellum structure, motility and chemotaxis within the family rhizobiaceae. the complete genome sequence of agrobacterium sp. h13-3 has been established and the genome structure and phylogenetic assignment of the organism was analysed. for de novo sequencing of the agroba ... | 2011 | 21329740 |
| construction of a reference plasmid molecule containing eight targets for the detection of genetically modified crops. | a standard plasmid containing eight targets was developed for quantitative detection of genetically modified (gm) soybeans and cotton. these eight targets were joined in tandem to form the ptle8 plasmid with a length of 3,680 bp. this plasmid contains part of the endogenous soybean lec1 gene, the cauliflower mosaic virus (camv) 35s promoter, the agrobacterium tumefaciens nopaline synthase (nos) terminator, the pat gene of the soybean line a2704-12, the event-specific 5'-junction region of roundu ... | 2011 | 21336925 |
| effects of cell lysis treatments on the yield of coenzyme q10 following agrobacterium tumefaciens fermentation. | the yield of coq₁₀, an intracellular product extracted from agrobacterium tumefaciens cells is dependent on the effectiveness of cell lysis post fermentation. various cell lysis approaches are investigated, including ultrasound, repetitive freezing/thawing, grinding and acid-heat treatment. the acid-heat combination using hydrochloric acid is found the most effective in releasing coq₁₀, followed by lactic, sulfuric, phosphoric and oxalic acids. the most significant processing parameters, namely ... | 2010 | 21339135 |
| consequences of transforming narrow leafed lupin (lupinus angustifolius [l.]) with an ipt gene under control of a flower-specific promoter. | phenotypes of five transgenic lines of narrow-leafed lupin (lupinus angustifolius [l] cv merrit) stably transformed with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate transferase (ipt) gene from agrobacterium tumefaciens coupled to a flower-specific promoter (tp12) from nicotiana tabacum [l.] are described. expression of the transgene was detected in floral tissues and in shoot apical meristems on all orders of inflorescence. in each transgenic line there was significant axillary bud outgrowth at all nodes on t ... | 2011 | 21344295 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation as a tool for insertional mutagenesis in medicinal fungus cordyceps militaris. | cordyceps militaris is an insect-born fungus with various biological and pharmacological activities. the mutant library of c. militaris was constructed by improved agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt), for the ultimate identification of genes involved in isolate degeneration during fruiting body production. successful transformation of c. militaris jm4 by a. tumefaciens agl-1 carrying vector patmt1 was performed, with efficiency in the range of 30-600 transformants per 1×10(5 ... | 2010 | 21354533 |
| tomato transformation. | introductiontransformation is an essential technique to analyze the function of genes. tomato can be stably transformed using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transfer of t-dna. this protocol describes an agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for tomato. | 2008 | 21356724 |
| imaging fluorescently tagged phytophthora effector proteins inside infected plant tissue. | assays to determine the role of pathogen effectors within an infected plant cell are yielding valuable information about which host processes are targeted to allow successful pathogen colonization. however, this does not necessarily inform on the cellular location of these interactions, or if these effector-virulence target interactions occur only in the presence of the pathogen. here, we describe techniques to allow the subcellular localization of pathogen effectors inside infected plant cells ... | 2011 | 21359810 |
| [tobacco--a highly efficient producer of vaccines]. | along with the depreciation of tobacco as a source of nicotine-containing commercial products, the increase of its appreciation as a potential producer of recombinant therapeutical proteins can be observed. two species of tobacco--nicotiana tabacum l. and n. benthamiana are easily grown by well established methods of field or green-house cultivation or cell culture, yield high biomass and soluble protein content, can be easily transformed by several methods and are not food for humans or feed fo ... | 2010 | 21360963 |
| enzymes hydrolyzing structural components and ferrous ion cause rusty-root symptom on ginseng (panax ginseng). | microbial induction of rusty-root was proved in this study. the enzymes hydrolyzing plant structural materials, including pectinase, pectolyase, ligninase, and cellulase, caused the rusty-root in ginseng. pectinase and pectolyase produced the highest rusty-color formation. ferrous ion (fe+++) caused the synergistic effect on rusty-root formation in ginseng when it was used with pectinase. the effect of ferric ion (fe++) on rusty-root formation was slow, compared with fe+++, probably due to gradu ... | 2011 | 21364303 |
| a modular cloning system for standardized assembly of multigene constructs. | the field of synthetic biology promises to revolutionize biotechnology through the design of organisms with novel phenotypes useful for medicine, agriculture and industry. however, a limiting factor is the ability of current methods to assemble complex dna molecules encoding multiple genetic elements in various predefined arrangements. we present here a hierarchical modular cloning system that allows the creation at will and with high efficiency of any eukaryotic multigene construct, starting fr ... | 2011 | 21364738 |
| starch self-processing in transgenic sweet potato roots expressing a hyperthermophilic a-amylase. | sweet potato is a major crop in the southeastern united states, which requires few inputs and grows well on marginal land. it accumulates large quantities of starch in the storage roots and has been shown to give comparable or superior ethanol yields to corn per cultivated acre in the southeast. starch conversion to fermentable sugars (i.e., for ethanol production) is carried out at high temperatures and requires the action of thermostable and thermoactive amylolytic enzymes. these enzymes are a ... | 2011 | 21365786 |
| tomato 14-3-3 protein tft7 interacts with a map kinase kinase to regulate immunity-associated programmed cell death mediated by diverse disease resistance proteins. | programmed cell death (pcd) associated with immunity is triggered when a plant disease resistance (r) protein recognizes a corresponding pathogen virulence protein. in tomato, detection by the host pto kinase of the pseudomonas syringae proteins avrpto or avrptob causes localized pcd. previously, we reported that both mapkkka (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase) and the tomato 14-3-3 protein 7 (tft7) positively regulate pto-mediated pcd in tomato and nicotiana benthamiana. in additio ... | 2011 | 21378171 |
| transformation of rape with agrobacterium tumeficiens-based vectors. | agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium that causes crown gall disease on a wide range of dicotyledonous plants, has been used most widely as a vehicle for gene transfer into plants (1,2). the transferred genes are stably integrated into the genomes of the transgenic plants and are transmitted to progeny as dominant mendelian traits (3,4). since the production of auxins and cytokinins coded by oncogenes on t-dna is often incompatible with normal plant development, it is often desirable to "d ... | 1990 | 21390616 |
| heterologous expression of transaldolase gene tal from saccharomyces cerevisiae in fusarium oxysporum for enhanced bioethanol production. | the filamentous fungus fusarium oxysporum is known for its ability to ferment xylose-producing ethanol. however, efficiency of xylose utilization and ethanol yield was low. in this study, the transaldolase gene from saccharomyces cerevisiae has been successfully expressed in f. oxysporum by an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method. the enzymatic activity of the recombinant fungus (cs28pcam-sctal4) was 0.195 times higher than that of the wild-type strain (cs28). the recombinant ... | 2011 | 21394668 |
| detection of quorum sensing signal molecules in the family vibrionaceae. | the aim of this study was to detect the production of three kinds of quorum sensing (qs) signal molecules, i.e. the n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl), the autoinducer-2 (ai-2) and the cholerae autoinducer-1-like (cai-1-like) molecules in 25 vibrionaceae strains. | 2011 | 21395950 |
| agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus blastocladiella emersonii. | agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant dna transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells. using this technique, we developed the first transformation protocol for the saprobic aquatic fungus blastocladiella emersonii, a blastocladiomycete localized at the base of fungal phylogenetic tree, which has been shown as a promising and interesting model of study of cellular function and differentiation. we constructed binary t ... | 2011 | 21396477 |
| multilocus sequence-based analysis delineates a clonal population of agrobacterium (rhizobium) radiobacter (agrobacterium tumefaciens) of human origin. | the genus agrobacterium includes plant-associated bacteria and opportunistic human pathogens. taxonomy and nomenclature within the genus remain controversial. in particular, isolates of human origin were all affiliated with the species agrobacterium (rhizobium) radiobacter, while phytopathogenic strains were designated under the synonym denomination agrobacterium tumefaciens. in order to study the relative distribution of agrobacterium strains according to their origins, we performed a multilocu ... | 2011 | 21398532 |
| the dimer interface of agrobacterium tumefaciens virb8 is important for type iv secretion system function, stability, and association of virb2 with the core complex. | type iv secretion systems are virulence factors used by many gram-negative bacteria to translocate macromolecules across the cell envelope. virb8 is an essential inner membrane component of type iv secretion systems, and it is believed to form a homodimer. in the absence of virb8, the levels of several other virb proteins were reduced (virb1, virb3, virb4, virb5, virb6, virb7, and virb11) in agrobacterium tumefaciens, underlining its importance for complex stability. to assess the importance of ... | 2011 | 21398549 |
| controlling myzus persicae with recombinant endophytic fungi chaetomium globosum expressing pinellia ternata agglutinin: using recombinant endophytic fungi to control aphids. | sap-sucking insect pests have become the major threats to many crops in recent years; however, only a few biopesticides have been developed for controlling those pests. here, we developed a novel pest management strategy, which uses endophytes to express anti-pest plant lectins. | 2011 | 21414115 |
| rhizobium radiobacter wound infection in a patient with diabetes--fact, factitious or just plain unlucky? | | 2011 | 21421546 |
| agrobacterium-mediated transient expression in citrus leaves: a rapid tool for gene expression and functional gene assay. | in this study, we present a method for transient expression of the type iii effector avrgf1 from xanthomonas citri subsp. citri strain a(w) in grapefruit leaves (citrus paradisi) via agrobacterium tumefaciens. the coding sequence of avrgf1 was placed under the control of the constitutive camv 35s promoter in the binary vectors pgwb2 and pgwb5. infiltration of grapefruit leaves with a. tumefaciens carrying these constructs triggered a hypersensitive response (hr) in grapefruit 4 days after inocul ... | 2011 | 21424250 |
| identification of pathogenicity-related genes in the vascular wilt fungus verticillium dahliae by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated t-dna insertional mutagenesis. | verticillium dahliae is the causal agent of vascular wilt in many economically important crops worldwide. identification of genes that control pathogenicity or virulence may suggest targets for alternative control methods for this fungus. in this study, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) was applied for insertional mutagenesis of v. dahliae conidia. southern blot analysis indicated that t-dnas were inserted randomly into the v. dahliae genome and that 69% of the transforman ... | 2011 | 21424547 |
| large-scale isolation of ti plasmid dna. | use of the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmids to introduce foreign genes into many plant species is now firmly established (1). ti plasmids, which are of tern single copy molecules, typically of 180-220 kilobases (kb), are divided into three main groups: nopaline, octopine, and agropine types. this classification (2) is based on the synthesis of these unusual amino acids in plant cells transformed by these plasmids. their synthesis is governed by the expression of t-dna encoded genes that bec ... | 1988 | 21424658 |
| transformation and regeneration of dicotyledonous plants. | the formation of crown galls on many dicotyledonous plants, as a result of agrobacterium tumefaciens infection, has been well documented (1). the transfer of a small t-dna region of the ti plasmid to the nuclear genome of the plant host (2) and expression of the t-dna growth hormone genes are responsible for the unorganized habit characteristic of crown gall tumors (3). originally, it was thought that only dicotyledonous species could be infected, but a number of reports have recently suggested ... | 1988 | 21424659 |
| direct gene transfer into plant protoplasts. | the techniques of plant molecular biology have advanced rapidly in the last 5 yr, and, for a number of plant species, including some crops, it is now possible to bypass traditional plant breeding techniques and introduce specific genes directly. the earliest reports of the transformation of plants with foreign genes exploited the fact that the soil bacterium agrobacterium tumefaciens, which induces the formation of crown galls, transfers part of a plasmid (the tumor-inducing, ti, plasmid) into i ... | 1988 | 21424662 |
| rice root-associated bacteria: insights into community structures across 10 cultivars. | in this study, the effects of plant genotype, soil type and nutrient use efficiency on the composition of different bacterial communities associated with rice roots were investigated. thus, total bacteria, alpha- and betaproteobacteria, pseudomonas and actinobacteria were studied using pcr, followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (pcr-dgge). rice genotype determined, to a large extent, the composition of the different bacterial communities across cultivars. several cultivars belongin ... | 2011 | 21426364 |
| marr homologs with urate-binding signature. | bacteria that associate with living hosts require intricate mechanisms to detect and respond to host defenses. part of the early host defense against invading bacteria is the production of reactive oxygen species, and xanthine oxidase is one of the main producers of such agents. the end-product of the enzymatic activity of xanthine oxidase, urate, was previously shown to be the natural ligand for deinococcus radiodurans-encoded hucr and it was shown to attenuate dna binding by agrobacterium tume ... | 2011 | 21432936 |
| [transgenic belarussian-bred potato plants expressing genes for antimicrobial peptides of the cecropin-melittin type]. | binary vectors for agrobacterium-mediated transformation were constructed to express the genes for antimicrobial peptides (aps) of the cectropin-melittin type under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35s rna promoter in plants. it was shown with escherichia coli and agrobacterium tumefaciens cells that the cassettes could be cloned in pb1121-based vectors with deletion of the 3-d-glycuronidase gene only in the orientation opposite to that of the original vector. transgenic potato plants ... | 2010 | 21434415 |
| the serratia luxr family regulator carr 39006 activates transcription independently of cognate quorum sensing signals. | in gram-negative bacteria, quorum sensing control of gene expression is mediated by transcription factors of the luxr family, whose dna-binding affinity is modulated by diffusible n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) signalling molecules. in serratia sp. atcc 39006 and the plant pathogen erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (ecc), the biosynthesis of the +¦-lactam antibiotic 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid (car) is under quorum sensing control. this study has revealed that, uniquely, the luxr family ... | 2011 | 21435033 |
| enhanced expression of atnhx1, in transgenic groundnut (arachis hypogaea l.) improves salt and drought tolerence. | salinity and drought are main threat to agriculture productivity, to avoid further losses it is necessary to improve the genetic material of crops against these stresses in this present study, atnhx1, a vacuolar type na(+)/h(+) antiporter gene driven by 35s promoter was introduced into groundnut using agrobacterium tumefaciens transformation system. the stable integration of the atnhx1 gene was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and southern blot analysis. it was found that transgenic ... | 2011 | 21455815 |
| overexpression of the phytochrome b gene from arabidopsis thaliana increases plant growth and yield of cotton (gossypium hirsutum). | the phytochrome b (phyb) gene of arabidopsis thaliana was introduced into cotton through agrobacterium tumefaciens. integration and expression of phyb gene in cotton plants were confirmed by molecular evidence. messenger rna (mrna) expression in one of the transgenic lines, qcc11, was much higher than those of control and other transgenic lines. transgenic cotton plants showed more than a two-fold increase in photosynthetic rate and more than a four-fold increase in transpiration rate and stomat ... | 2011 | 21462389 |
| [transformation system of aspergillus japonicus mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens]. | in to order to select aspergillus japonicus mutant strains that express high-yield of glycerol oxidase, we constructed a mutant library of aspergillus japonicus that mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. | 2011 | 21465797 |
| the agrobacterium tumefaciens transcription factor blcr is regulated via oligomerization. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens blcr is a member of the emerging isocitrate lyase transcription regulators that negatively regulates metabolism of ?-butyrolactone, and its repressing function is relieved by succinate semialdehyde (ssa). our crystal structure showed that blcr folded into the dna- and ssa-binding domains and dimerized via the dna-binding domains. mutational analysis identified residues, including phe(147), that are important for ssa association; blcr(f147a) existed as tetramer. two ... | 2011 | 21467043 |
| phytobacterial type iii effectors hopx1, hopab1 and hopf2 enhance sense-post transcriptional gene silencing independently of plant r gene-effector recognition. | plant and animal pathogenic bacteria deploy a variable arsenal of type iii effector proteins (t3eps) to manipulate host defense. specific biochemical functions and molecular/sub-cellular targets have been demonstrated or proposed for a growing number of t3eps, but remain unknown for the majority of them. here we show that transient expression of genes coding certain bacterial t3eps (hopab1, hopx1 and hopf2), which did not elicit hypersensitive response (hr) in transgenic gfp nicotiana benthamian ... | 2011 | 21469938 |
| rapid concentration of bacteria using submicron magnetic anion exchangers for improving pcr-based multiplex pathogen detection. | rapid concentration of bacterial targets from dilute solutions to improve subsequent pcr detection is investigated in this study. submicron (average size 500nm) superparamagnetic anion-exchangers (simag-deae) were used successfully to concentrate target bacteria from very dilute solutions. a mass-balance model predicted that for escherichia coli, the extent of cell concentrating increases almost linearly with increasing sample/simag volume ratio up to about 2000, accompanied by only a slight dec ... | 2011 | 21473888 |
| over-expression of snakin-2 and extensin-like protein genes restricts pathogen invasiveness and enhances tolerance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in transgenic tomato (solanum lycopersicum). | two tomato proteins were evaluated by over-expression in transgenic tomato for their ability to confer resistance to clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (cmm). snakin-2 (sn2) is a cysteine-rich peptide with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity in vitro while extensin-like protein (elp) is a major cell-wall hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein linked with plant response to pathogen attack and wounding. tomato plants, cultivar mountain fresh, were transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens ... | 2011 | 21479554 |
| functions of the water soluble chlorophyll-binding protein in plants. | functional aspects of water soluble chlorophyll-binding protein (wscp) in plants were investigated during the courses of leaf senescence, chlorophyll biogenesis, stress response and photoprotection. the cdna sequence encoding wscp from cauliflower was cloned into a binary vector to facilitate agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of nicotiana tabacum. the resultant transgenic tobacco plants overexpressed the cauwscp gene under the control of a 35s-promoter. analyses of protein and pi ... | 2011 | 21481489 |
| purification and characterization of a new bacillus thuringiensis bacteriocin active against listeria monocytogenes, bacillus cereus and agrobacterium tumefaciens. | this study reports on the identification, characterization and purification of a new bacteriocin, named bacthuricin f103, from a bacillus thuringiensis strain bupm103. bacthuricin f103 production began in the early exponential phase and reached a maximum in the middle of the same phase. two chromatographic methods based on high performance liquid chromatography and fast protein liquid chromatography systems were used to purify bacthuricin f103. sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrop ... | 2011 | 21487734 |
| electronic and geometric structures of the organophosphate-degrading enzyme from agrobacterium radiobacter (opda). | the organophosphate-degrading enzyme from agrobacterium radiobacter (opda) is a highly efficient catalyst for the degradation of pesticides and some nerve agents such as sarin. opda requires two metal ions for catalytic activity, and hydrolysis is initiated by a nucleophilic hydroxide that is bound to one of these metal ions. the precise location of this nucleophile has been contentious, with both a terminal and a metal-ion-bridging hydroxide as likely candidates. here, we employed magnetic circ ... | 2011 | 21487938 |
| acc deaminase activity in avirulent agrobacterium tumefaciens d3. | some plant-growth-promoting bacteria encode the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (acc) deaminase, which breaks down acc, the direct precursor of ethylene biosynthesis in all higher plants, into ammonia and α-ketobutyrate and, as a result, reduces stress ethylene levels in plants caused by a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses. it was previously shown that acc deaminase can inhibit crown gall development induced by agrobacterium tumefaciens and can partially protect plants from ... | 2011 | 21491979 |
| improved agrobacterium-mediated co-transformation and selectable marker elimination in transgenic rice by using a high copy number pbin19-derived binary vector. | a high copy number, selectable marker gene (smg)-free agrobacterium binary vector pbin19δnptii was constructed by deleting the nptii gene from pbin19. the binary vectors with the rk2 and pvs replication origins exist in 12 and 3 copies, respectively, in agrobacterium. the tobacco osmotin gene (ap24) was cloned in pbin19δnptii and the resultant plasmid pbin19δnptii-ap24 was mobilized into the agrobacterium tumefaciens strain c58c1 rif(r) harbouring the single-copy cointegrate vector pgv2260::pssj ... | 2011 | 21497712 |
| improvement of resistance to maize dwarf mosaic virus mediated by transgenic rna interference. | to overcome the low efficiency of agronomic protection from maize dwarf mosaic disease, susceptible maize inbred line was transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring hprna expression vectors containing inverted-repeat sequences of different lengths targeting coat protein gene (cp) of maize dwarf mosaic virus (mdmv). after pcr screening and southern blotting, the flanking sequences of the integration sites were amplified by thermal asymmetric interlaced pcr (tail-pcr) and used for analysis ... | 2011 | 21504770 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the plant pathogenic fungus rosellinia necatrix. | rosellinia necatrix is a soil-borne root pathogen affecting a wide range of commercially important plant species. the mycelium of r. necatrix was transformed to hygromycin b resistance by an agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system using a binary plasmid vector containing the hygromycin b phosphotransferase (hph) gene controlled by the heterologous fungal aspergillus nidulans p-gpd (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase) promoter and the trpc terminator. co-cultivation of r. n ... | 2011 | 21513216 |
| n-carbamoyl-β-alanine amidohydrolase from agrobacterium tumefaciens c58: a promiscuous enzyme for the production of amino acids. | the availability of enzymes with a high promiscuity/specificity relationship permits the hydrolysis of several substrates with a view to obtaining a certain product or using one enzyme for several productive lines. n-carbamoyl-β-alanine amidohydrolase from agrobacterium tumefaciens (atβcar) has shown high versatility to hydrolyze different n-carbamoyl-, n-acetyl- and n-formyl-amino acids to produce different α, β, γ and δ amino acids. we have calculated the promiscuity index for the enzyme, obta ... | 2011 | 21515096 |
| the status of the species beijerinckia fluminensis dobereiner and ruschel 1958. request for an opinion. | in a previous article (oggerin et al., 2009) it has been shown that strain [beijerinckia fluminensis] uqm 1685t, and its derived equivalent [b. fluminensis] cip 106281t, do not conform to the description of the type strain of beijerinckia fluminensis döbereiner and ruschel 1958. indeed, both were identified as species rhizobium radiobacter strains and exhibited marked phenotypic and genotypic differences with beijerinckia spp. for which it can be concluded that both strains, and any other equiva ... | 2011 | 21515702 |
| high-efficiency agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.) and regeneration of insect-resistant transgenic plants. | to develop an efficient genetic transformation system of chickpea (cicer arietinum l.), callus derived from mature embryonic axes of variety p-362 was transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 harboring p35sgus-int plasmid containing the uida gene encoding β-glucuronidase (gus) and the nptii gene for kanamycin selection. various factors affecting transformation efficiency were optimized; as agrobacterium suspension at od(600) 0.3 with 48 h of co-cultivation period at 20°c was fou ... | 2011 | 21516347 |
| starts - a stable root transformation system for rapid functional analyses of proteins of the monocot model plant barley. | large data sets are generated from plants by the various 'omics platforms. currently, a limiting step in data analysis is the assessment of protein function and its translation into a biological context. the lack of robust high-throughput transformation systems for monocotyledonous plants, to which the vast majority of crop plants belong, is a major restriction and impedes exploitation of novel traits in agriculture. here we present a stable root transformation system for barley, termed starts, ... | 2011 | 21518054 |
| characterization of quorum sensing signals in coral-associated bacteria. | marine environment habitats, such as the coral mucus layer, are abundant in nutrients and rich with diverse populations of microorganisms. since interactions among microorganisms found in coral mucus can be either mutualistic or competitive, understanding quorum sensing-based acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) language may shed light on the interaction between coral-associated microbial communities in the native host. more than 100 bacterial isolates obtained from different coral species were screene ... | 2011 | 21523464 |
| solution structure of rnase p rna. | the ribonucleoprotein enzyme ribonuclease p (rnase p) processes trnas by cleavage of precursor-trnas. rnase p is a ribozyme: the rna component catalyzes trna maturation in vitro without proteins. remarkable features of rnase p include multiple turnovers in vivo and ability to process diverse substrates. structures of the bacterial rnase p, including full-length rnas and a ternary complex with substrate, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. however, crystal structures of free rna are si ... | 2011 | 21531920 |
| production of ascochyta rabiei lacking solanapyrone a toxin production. | ascochyta rabiei, agent of ascochyta blight of chickpea produces three toxins, solanapyrones a, b and c of which solanapyrone a is the most toxic. all isolates of the fungus so far examined produce at least one of the solanapyrone toxins, usually solanapyrone a. the universality of solanapyrone production argues strongly for the importance of the toxins in virulence or pathogenicity. however, further evidence for this awaits the development of mutants lacking toxin production. generation and iso ... | 2010 | 21534467 |
| inactivation of snt2, a bah/phd-containing transcription factor, impairs pathogenicity and increases autophagosome abundance in fusarium oxysporum. | the soil-borne, asexual fungus fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis (fom) is a causal agent of muskmelon wilt disease. the current study focused on the most virulent race of fom-race 1,2. the tagged mutant d122, generated by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, caused the delayed appearance of initial wilt disease symptoms, as well as a 75% reduction in pathogenicity. d122 was impaired in the gene product homologous to the snt2-like transcription factor of schizosaccharomyces pombe. in ... | 2011 | 21535351 |
| ghhmgb3 deficiency deregulates proliferation and differentiation of cells during somatic embryogenesis in cotton. | the proteins of high-mobility group box (hmgb) family were involved in the regulation of transcription and other dna-dependent processes. to investigate the function of hmgb proteins during cotton somatic embryogenesis (se), four gossypium hirsutum hmgb genes were characterized. the gene ghhmgb3 preferentially expressed in embryonic tissues and was studied in detail. rna interference and over-expression was used to regulate the expression of ghhmgb3 during cotton se by transforming both hypocoty ... | 2011 | 21554528 |
| transgenic tetraploid isatis indigotica expressing bt cry1ac and pinellia ternata agglutinin showed enhanced resistance to moths and aphids. | co-expression of multiple genes encoding different kinds of insect resistant proteins has been developed to confer a broader spectrum of pest control. tetraploid isatis indigotica fort was transformed with a plasmid, p3300bp, containing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac gene (bt) and pinellia ternata agglutinin gene (pta) and the selectable marker herbicide resistance gene (bar) driven by the camv35s promoter via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. the integration and expression of in ... | 2011 | 21559837 |
| transformation of a dwarf arabidopsis mutant illustrates gibberellin hormone physiology and the function of a green revolution gene. | the introduction of dwarfing traits into crops was a major factor in increased grain yields during the "green revolution." in most cases those traits were the consequence of altered synthesis or response to the gibberellin (ga) plant hormones. our current understanding of ga synthesis and physiology has been facilitated by the characterization of mutants. to introduce concepts about ga hormone physiology and plant transformation in an undergraduate laboratory course we have used ga5, a semi-dwar ... | 2009 | 21567727 |
| obtaining of transgenic french bean plants (phaseolus vulgaris l.) resistant to the herbicide pursuit by agrobacterium-mediated transformation. | the transgenic plants of french bean (phaseolus vulgaris) resistant herbicide pursuit and kanamycin have been obtained. the genetic transformation was carried out with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba4404 containing binary vector carrying mutant ahas/als and selective nptii genes. integration of the transgenes into plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. | 2011 | 21568221 |
| identification of hammerhead ribozymes in all domains of life reveals novel structural variations. | hammerhead ribozymes are small self-cleaving rnas that promote strand scission by internal phosphoester transfer. comparative sequence analysis was used to identify numerous additional representatives of this ribozyme class than were previously known, including the first representatives in fungi and archaea. moreover, we have uncovered the first natural examples of "type ii" hammerheads, and our findings reveal that this permuted form occurs in bacteria as frequently as type i and iii architectu ... | 2011 | 21573207 |
| [agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of aspergillus niger conidiospores and sequence analysis of t-dna insertion site in conidiation-defective mutant]. | development of a method of transforming aspergillus niger conidiospores with agrobacterium tumefaciens t-dna system and using it as a tool for genome annotation via construction a t-dna insertion mutant library of a. niger. | 2011 | 21574390 |
| an enzyme-coupled continuous spectrophotometric assay for glycogen synthases. | the metabolic pathways leading to the synthesis of bacterial glycogen involve the action of several enzymes, among which glycogen synthase (gs) catalyzes the elongation of the α-1,4-glucan. gs from agrobacterium tumefaciens uses preferentially adpglc, although udpglc can also be used as glycosyl donor with less efficiency. we present here a continuous spectrophotometric assay for the determination of gs activity using adp- or udpglc. when adpglc was used as the substrate, the production of adp i ... | 2011 | 21584701 |
| mungbean plants expressing bjnpr1 exhibit enhanced resistance against the seedling rot pathogen, rhizoctonia solani. | mungbean, vigna radiata (l.) wilczek is an important pulse crop that is widely cultivated in semi- arid tropics. the crop is attacked by various soil-borne pathogens like rhizoctonia solani, which causes dry rot disease and seriously affects its productivity. earlier we characterized the non-expressor of pathogenesis related gene-1(bjnpr1) of mustard, brassica juncea, the counterpart of atnpr1 of arabidopsis thaliana. here, we transformed mungbean with bjnpr1 via agrobacterium tumefaciens. becau ... | 2011 | 21584838 |
| [instantaneous expression afgf-gfp fusion gene in safflower]. | to study the instantaneous expression afgf-gfp fusion gene in carthamus tinctorius. | 2011 | 21585026 |
| [description and evaluation of transformation approaches used in wheat]. | genetic transformation is a valuable tool for direct crop improvement and functional genomics study. unfortunately, wheat is considered as a recalcitrant plant to genetic transformation due to its low efficiency and genotype dependency. to overcome these problems, various transformation methods such as biolistic bombardment, agrobacterium tumefaciens, pollen-tube pathway, ion implantation, laser microbeams puncture, treatment with polyethylene glycol and ultrasonic wave, and electroporation have ... | 2011 | 21586388 |
| large-scale insertional mutagenesis in magnaporthe oryzae by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. | with genome sequences of more and more fungi become available, high-throughput systematic -mutagenesis is desirable for functional genomics studies. while a number of random insertional mutagenesis and targeted gene disruption approaches have been used in filamentous fungi, agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (atmt) remains one of the most effective methods for identifying genes required for specific fungal developmental or infection processes. because of its simplicity, atmt is su ... | 2011 | 21590424 |
| expression and production of therapeutic recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-bb in pleurotus eryngii. | recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-bb (rhpdgf-bb) is widely used in many therapeutic applications. until now, there has been no report on rhpdgf-bb expressed in fungi. in this study, we tested whether pleurotus eryngii could support the expression of human therapeutic rhpdgf-bb protein. a binary vector pcambia1304 containing the hpdgf-bb gene was constructed and introduced into p. eryngii via agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. the transformation of hpdgf-bb gene was ... | 2011 | 21594593 |
| agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of coffea arabica (l.) is greatly enhanced by using established embryogenic callus cultures. | abstract: background: following genome sequencing of crop plants, one of the main challenges today is determining the function of all the predicted genes. when gene validation approaches are used for woody species, the main obstacle is the low recovery rate of transgenic plants from elite or commercial cultivars. embryogenic calli have frequently been the target tissue for transformation, but the difficulty in producing or maintaining embryogenic tissues is one of the main problems encountered i ... | 2011 | 21595964 |
| s-adenosylmethionine-binding properties of a bacterial phospholipid n-methyltransferase. | the presence of the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (pc) in the bacterial membrane is critically important for many host-microbe interactions. the phospholipid n-methyltransferase pmta from the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens catalyzes the formation of pc by a three-step methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine via monomethyl-phosphatidylethanolamine and dimethylphosphatidylethanolamine. the methyl group is provided by s-adenosylmethionine (sam), which is converted to s-adenosylhomocy ... | 2011 | 21602340 |
| anti-parallel and interlinked control of cellular iron levels by the irr and rira regulators of agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes predicted iron-responsive regulators, irr and rira, that function in several other bacteria to control the response to environmental iron levels. deletion mutations of irr and rira, alone and in combination, were evaluated for their impact on cellular iron response. growth was severely diminished in the δirr mutant under iron limiting conditions, but reversed to wild type levels in an δirrδrira mutant. the level of uncomplexed iron in the δirr ... | 2011 | 21602352 |
| diversity of nodule-endophytic agrobacteria-like strains associated with different grain legumes in tunisia. | this study represents the first report describing the genetic diversity of nodule-endophytic agrobacteria isolated from diverse legumes and their phylogenetic relationships with the valid species of agrobacteria, as well as the non-recognized genomospecies of the former agrobacterium tumefaciens (rhizobium radiobacter). the genetic diversity of a collection of 18 non-nodulating agrobacteria-like strains, previously isolated from root nodules of vicia faba, cicer arietinum and phaseolus vulgaris ... | 2011 | 21621936 |
| the celc gene, a new phylogenetic marker useful for taxonomic studies in rhizobium. | the celc gene codifies for a cellulase that fulfils a very significant role in the infection process of clover by rhizobium leguminosarum. this gene is located in the celabc operon present in the chromosome of strains representing r. leguminosarum, rhizobium etli and rhizobium radiobacter whose genomes have been completely sequenced. nevertheless, the existence of this gene in other species of the genus rhizobium had not been investigated to date. in this study, the celc gene was analysed for th ... | 2011 | 21621937 |
| an open-flower mutant of melilotus alba: potential for floral-dip transformation of a papilionoid legume with a short life cycle? | this paper describes an open-flower mutant, designated opf, that we discovered in a genetic screen of fast neutron bombardment mutants in an attempt at floral-dip transformation of melilotus alba (fabaceae; white sweetclover), an alternative papilionoid legume host for sinorhizobium meliloti. the opf mutant developed flowers with reflexed sepals and petals, thereby exposing the stamens and carpel, whereas wild-type sweetclover inflorescences developed closed flowers where the young stamens and c ... | 2010 | 21622403 |
| enhanced iron and zinc accumulation in genetically engineered pineapple plants using soybean ferritin gene. | pineapple (ananas comosus l. merr., cv. "queen") leaf bases were transformed with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain eha 105 harboring the psf and pefesf plasmids with soybean ferritin cdna. four to eight percent of the co-cultivated leaf bases produced multiple shoots 6 weeks after transfer to murashige and skoog's medium supplemented with α-naphthalene acetic acid 1.8 mg/l, indole-3-butyric acid 2.0 mg/l, kinetin 2.0 mg/l, cefotaxime 400 mg/l, and kanamycin 50 mg/l. putatively transformed shoots ... | 2011 | 21625916 |
| plant pathogenic bacteria utilizes bigr, a novel winged-helix redox switch, to control hydrogen sulfide detoxification under hypoxia. | winged-helix transcriptional factors play important roles in the control of gene expression in many organisms. in the plant pathogens xylella fastidiosa and agrobacterium tumefaciens, the winged-helix protein bigr, a member of the arsr/smtb family of metal sensors, regulates transcription of the bigr operon involved in bacterial biofilm growth. previous studies showed that bigr repress transcription of its own operon through the occupation of the rna polymerase binding site; however, the signals ... | 2011 | 21632538 |
| transformation of the mycorrhizal fungus laccaria bicolor using agrobacterium tumefaciens. | most boreal and temperate forest trees form a mutualistic symbiosis with soil borne fungi called ectomycorrhiza (ecm). in this association both partners benefit due to nutrient exchange at the symbiotic interface. laccaria bicolor is the first mycorrhizal fungus with its genome sequenced thus making possible for the first time to analyze genome scale gene expression profiles of a mutualistic fungus. however, in order to be able to take full advantage of the genome sequence, reverse genetic tools ... | 2011 | 21636986 |
| participation of the cowpea mosaic virus protease in eliciting extreme resistance. | extreme resistance of arlington line cowpea (vigna unguiculata) to cowpea mosaic virus (cpmv) is under control of a dominant locus designated cpa. we transiently expressed, using tomato bushy stunt virus (tbsv) vectors and agrobacterium tumefaciens, in nearly isogenic cpa/cpa and cpa/cpa cowpea lines, sequences from rna1, the larger of two cpmv genomic rnas. activation of a cpa-specific response mapped to the cpmv 24k protease (24kpro). mutational analysis of the 24kpro gene implicated protease ... | 2011 | 21640367 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of marine microalgae schizochytrium. | schizochytrium was a known docosahexaenoic acid producing marine microalgae. in this study, we have developed a novel transformation approach of schizochytrium using the agrobacterium tumefaciens (a. tumefaciens) binary vector system. after co-cultivation of schizochytrium protoplasts with a. tumefaciens harboring pcambia2301 containing the neomycin phosphotransferase ii (npt ii) gene as the selectable marker which confers resistance to g418, the schizochytrium transformants were successfully ob ... | 2011 | 21641193 |
| multiple loci are involved in quorum quenching of autoinducer i molecules in the nitrogen-fixing symbiont (sino-) rhizobium sp. ngr234. | rhizobium sp. ngr234 is a unique α-proteobacterium (order - rhizobiales) that forms nitrogen-fixing nodules with more legumes than any other micro-symbiont. since we have previously described the complete genome sequence of ngr234, we now report on a genome wide functional analysis of the genes and enzymes involved in autoinducer i hydrolysis in this microbe. altogether we identified five cosmid clones that repeatedly gave a positive result in our function-based approach for the detection of aut ... | 2011 | 21642401 |
| rhizobium skierniewicense sp. nov. isolated from tumors on chrysanthemum and prunus in poland. | three gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were isolated from galls on chrysanthemum (ch11(t), ch12) and on prunus cerasifera var. divaricata (al 9.3). all three isolates are able to cause crown gall on different plant species. on the basis of 16s rrna gene sequence similarity, the strains belong to the genus rhizobium and their closest relatives are rhizobium rubi (99.6%), rhizobium radiobacter (98.7%) and rhizobium larrymoorei (98.1%). phylogenetic analysis of the novel strain ... | 2011 | 21642489 |
| induction of karyopherin α1 expression by indole-3-acetic acid in auxin-treated or overproducing tobacco plants. | macromolecules may transfer between the cytoplasm and the nucleus only through specific gates - the nuclear pore complexes (npcs). translocation of nucleic acids and large proteins requires the presence of a nuclear localization signal (nls) within the transported molecule. this nls is recognized by a class of soluble transport receptors termed karyopherins α and beta. we previously characterized the expression pattern of the tomato karyopherin α 1 (lekapα1) promoter in transformed tobacco plant ... | 2011 | 21646869 |
| development of a green fluorescent tagged strain of aspergillus carbonarius to monitor fungal colonization in grapes. | an enhanced green fluorescent protein has been used to tag an ota-producing strain of aspergillus carbonarius (w04-40) isolated from naturally infected grape berries. transformation of the fungus was mediated by agrobacterium tumefaciens. the most efficient transformation occurred when the co-cultivation was done with 10(4) conidia due to higher frequency of resistance colonies (894 per 10(4) conidia) and lower background obtained. to confirm the presence of the hph gene in hygromycin resistant ... | 2011 | 21663991 |
| an affinity-based genome walking method to find transgene integration loci in transgenic genome. | identifying a good transgenic event from the pool of putative transgenics is crucial for further characterization. in transgenic plants, the transgene can integrate in either single or multiple locations by disrupting the endogenes and/or in heterochromatin regions causing the positional effect. apart from this, to protect the unauthorized use of transgenic plants, the signature of transgene integration for every commercial transgenic event needs to be characterized. here we show an affinity-bas ... | 2011 | 21669178 |
| most mutant occr proteins that are defective in positive control hold operator dna in a locked high angle bend. | occr is a lysr-type transcriptional regulator of agrobacterium tumefaciens that positively regulates the octopine catabolism operon of the ti plasmid. positive control of the occ genes occurs in response to octopine, a nutrient released from crown gall tumors. occr also functions as an autorepressor in the presence or absence of octopine. occr binds to a site between occq and occr in the presence or absence of octopine, although octopine triggers a conformational change that shortens the dna foo ... | 2011 | 21804007 |
| choline uptake in agrobacterium tumefaciens by the high-affinity choxwv transporter. | agrobacterium tumefaciens is a facultative phytopathogen that causes crown gall disease. for successful plant transformation a. tumefaciens requires the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine (pc), which is produced via the methylation and the pc synthase (pcs) pathways. the latter route is dependent on choline. although choline uptake has been demonstrated in a. tumefaciens, the responsible transporter(s) remained elusive. in this study, we identified the first choline-transport system in a. tumefa ... | 2011 | 21803998 |
| thiolactone modulators of quorum sensing revealed through library design and screening. | quorum sensing (qs) is a process by which bacteria use small molecules or peptidic signals to assess their local population densities. at sufficiently high density, bacteria can alter gene expression levels to regulate group behaviors involved in a range of important and diverse phenotypes, including virulence factor production, biofilm formation, root nodulation, and bioluminescence. gram-negative bacteria most commonly use n-acylated l-homoserine lactones (ahls) as their qs signals. the ahl la ... | 2011 | 21798746 |
| rna2 of trv sym breaks the rules for tobravirus genome structure. | currently, all of the rna2 molecules described for all of the more than thirty sequenced isolates of the three tobraviruses, tobacco rattle virus (trv), pea early-browning virus (pebv) and pepper ringspot virus (peprsv), have the virus coat protein (cp) gene located in the 5' proximal position. however, sequencing of the rna2 of the sym isolate of trv revealed that this isolate has a unique genome structure in which the virus cp gene is located in the central region of rna2 downstream of three c ... | 2011 | 21798296 |
| genomic species are ecological species as revealed by comparative genomics in agrobacterium tumefaciens. | the definition of bacterial species is based on genomic similarities, giving rise to the operational concept of genomic species, but the reasons of the occurrence of differentiated genomic species remains largely unknown. we used the agrobacterium tumefaciens species complex, and particularly the genomic species presently called genomovar g8, which includes the sequenced strain c58, to test the hypothesis of genomic species having specific ecological adaptations possibly involved in the speciati ... | 2011 | 21795751 |
| a single amino acid change in the transmembrane domain of the virb8 protein affects dimerization, interaction with virb10 and brucella suis virulence. | virb8 is a critical component of the brucella suis type iv secretion system (t4ss). we previously showed that the transmembrane (tm) domain plays an essential role in interactions of this protein with itself and the other proteins of the t4ss. we report that a point mutation in this tm domain stabilizes homodimers of virb8 and heterodimers with virb10. a similar variant of agrobacterium tumefaciens virb8 showed the same phenotype. the b. suis virb8 variant was unable to complement a virb8 mutant ... | 2011 | 21763312 |
| physical association of arabidopsis hypersensitive induced reaction proteins (hirs) with the immune receptor rps2. | arabidopsis rps2 is a typical nb-lrr resistance (r) protein, which indirectly recognizes the bacterial effector protein avrrpt2 and thereby activates effector-triggered immunity (eti). previously, we identified two hypersensitive induced reaction (athir) proteins, athir1 (at1g09840) and athir2 (at3g01290) as potential rps2 complex components. athir proteins contain the stomatin/prohibitin/flotillin/hflk/c (spfh) domain (also known as the prohibitin (phb) domain or band 7 domain). in this study, ... | 2011 | 21757708 |
| type ivb secretion systems of legionella and other gram-negative bacteria. | type iv secretion systems (t4sss) play a central role in the pathogenicity of many important pathogens, including agrobacterium tumefaciens, helicobacter pylori, and legionella pneumophila. the t4sss are related to bacterial conjugation systems, and are classified into two subgroups, type iva (t4ass) and type ivb (t4bss). the t4bss, which is closely related to conjugation systems of inci plasmids, was originally found in human pathogen l. pneumophila; pathogenesis by l. pneumophila infection req ... | 2011 | 21743810 |
| identification of a host 14-3-3 protein that interacts with xanthomonas effector avrrxv. | avrrxv is a member of a family of pathogen effectors present in pathogens of both plant and mammalian species. xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria strains carrying avrrxv induce a hypersensitive response (hr) in the tomato cultivar hawaii 7998. using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified a 14-3-3 protein from tomato that interacts with avrrxv called avrrxv interactor 1 (ari1). the interaction was confirmed in vitro with affinity chromatography. using mutagenesis, we identified a 14-3-3-bin ... | 2008 | 21796232 |
| development of a simple and effective protocol for agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated leaf disc transformation of commercial tomato cultivars. | the transformation of tomato (solanum lycopersicum) through agrobacterium tumefaciens is still far from being routine, particularly when it comes to commercial varieties. in the present paper, we present an efficient and simple protocol for leaf disc transformation of three vietnamese tomato cultivars (dm8, mts, fm372c) by comparing shoot regeneration media for expanding leaves and examining different parameters of inoculation, co-culture and selection conditions. the present transformation meth ... | 2010 | 21844688 |
| co-expression of pennisetum glaucum vacuolar na+/h+ antiporter and arabidopsis h+-pyrophosphatase enhances salt tolerance in transgenic tomato. | salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant productivity. tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.), an important and widespread crop in the world, is sensitive to moderate levels of salt in the soil. to generate tomato plants that can adapt to saline soil, avp1, a vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase gene from arabidopsis thaliana, and pgnhx1, a vacuolar na(+)/h(+) antiporter gene from pennisetum glaucum, were co-expressed by agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. a sample of tran ... | 2011 | 21841179 |
| quorum sensing: regulating the regulators. | many bacteria use 'quorum sensing' (qs) as a mechanism to regulate gene induction in a population-dependent manner. in its simplest sense this involves the accumulation of a signaling metabolite during growth; the binding of this metabolite to a regulator or multiple regulators activates induction or repression of gene expression. however qs regulation is seldom this simple, because other inputs are usually involved. in this review we have focussed on how those other inputs influence qs regulati ... | 2011 | 21722791 |
| histological study of organogenesis in cucumis melo l. after genetic transformation: why is it difficult to obtain transgenic plants? | melon (cucumis melo l.) is widely considered as a recalcitrant species for genetic transformation. in this study, we developed different regeneration and transformation protocols and we examined the regeneration process at different steps by histological studies. the highest regeneration rate (1.13-á-¦-á0.02 plants per explant) was obtained using cotyledon explants of the 'v+®drantais' genotype on murashige and skoog (ms) medium supplemented with 0.2-ámg/l 6-benzylaminopurine (bap) and 0.2-ámg/l ... | 2011 | 21706229 |
| genetic diversity and phylogeny of antagonistic bacteria against phytophthora nicotianae isolated from tobacco rhizosphere. | the genetic diversity of antagonistic bacteria from the tobacco rhizosphere was examined by boxair-pcr, 16s-rflp, 16s rrna sequence homology and phylogenetic analysis methods. these studies revealed that 4.01% of the 6652 tested had some inhibitory activity against phytophthora nicotianae. boxair-pcr analysis revealed 35 distinct amplimers aligning at a 91% similarity level, reflecting a high degree of genotypic diversity among the antagonistic bacteria. a total of 25 16s-rflp patterns were iden ... | 2011 | 21686169 |
| exploitation of host polyubiquitination machinery through molecular mimicry by eukaryotic-like bacterial f-box effectors. | microbial pathogens have evolved exquisite mechanisms to interfere and intercept host biological processes, often through molecular mimicry of specific host proteins. ubiquitination is a highly conserved eukaryotic post-translational modification essential in determining protein fate, and is often hijacked by pathogenic bacteria. the conserved skp1/cul1/f-box (scf) e3 ubiquitin ligase complex plays a key role in ubiquitination of proteins in eukaryotic cells. the f-box protein component of the s ... | 2010 | 21687758 |
| conjugative dna transfer into human cells by the virb/vird4 type iv secretion system of the bacterial pathogen bartonella henselae. | bacterial type iv secretion systems (t4ss) mediate interbacterial conjugative dna transfer and transkingdom protein transfer into eukaryotic host cells in bacterial pathogenesis. the sole bacterium known to naturally transfer dna into eukaryotic host cells via a t4ss is the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens. here we demonstrate t4ss-mediated dna transfer from a human bacterial pathogen into human cells. we show that the zoonotic pathogen bartonella henselae can transfer a cryptic plasmid ... | 2011 | 21844337 |
| inhibition of microbial arsenate reduction by phosphate. | the ratio of arsenite (as(iii)) to arsenate (as(v)) in soils and natural waters is often controlled by the activity of as-transforming microorganisms. phosphate is a chemical analog to as(v) and, consequently, may competitively inhibit microbial uptake and enzymatic binding of as(v), thus preventing its reduction to the more toxic, mobile, and bioavailable form - as(iii). five as-transforming bacteria isolated either from as-treated soil columns or from as-impacted soils were used to evaluate th ... | 2011 | 21741807 |
| engineering broad-spectrum resistance against rna viruses in potato. | rna silencing technology has become the tool of choice for inducing resistance against viruses in plants. a significant discovery of this technology is that double-stranded rna (dsrna), which is diced into small interfering rnas (sirnas), is a potent trigger for rna silencing. by exploiting this phenomenon in transgenic plants, it is possible to confer high level of virus resistance by specific targeting of cognate viral rna. in order to maximize the efficiency and versatility of the vector-base ... | 2011 | 21701953 |
| the replication origin of a repabc plasmid. | abstract: | 2011 | 21718544 |