| [detection of borrelia dna in the borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex in the blood of patients with ixodes tick-borne borrelios]. | borrelia dna was detected by polymerase chain reaction in the blood of patients who had suffered from tick suction. dna was revealed in 28.7 of the blood samples from patients with the erythematous form of ixodes tick-born borrelioses (itbb) and in 14.3% of those diagnosed as having tick-borne encephalitis. blood borrelia dna was not detected in patients with end-stage and chronic itbb. comparing the results of detection of dna with those borrelia protein antibodies has shown that the antibody t ... | 2006 | 17087247 |
| migratory songbirds disperse ticks across canada, and first isolation of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, from the avian tick, ixodes auritulus. | during a 3-yr comprehensive study, 196 ixodid ticks (9 species) were collected from 89 passerine birds (32 species) from 25 localities across canada to determine the distribution of avian-associated tick species and endogenous lyme disease spirochetes, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner. we report the following first records of tick parasitism on avian hosts: the rabbit-associated tick, ixodes dentatus marx, from manitoba and ontario; the mouse tick, ixodes muri ... | 2005 | 17089744 |
| atomic structures of peptide self-assembly mimics. | although the beta-rich self-assemblies are a major structural class for polypeptides and the focus of intense research, little is known about their atomic structures and dynamics due to their insoluble and noncrystalline nature. we developed a protein engineering strategy that captures a self-assembly segment in a water-soluble molecule. a predefined number of self-assembling peptide units are linked, and the beta-sheet ends are capped to prevent aggregation, which yields a mono-dispersed solubl ... | 2006 | 17093048 |
| borrelia burgdorferi alters its gene expression and antigenic profile in response to co2 levels. | the etiologic agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, must adapt to the distinct environments of its arthropod vector and mammalian host during its complex life cycle. b. burgdorferi alters gene expression and protein synthesis in response to temperature, ph, and other uncharacterized environmental factors. the hypothesis tested in this study is that dissolved gases, including co(2), serve as a signal for b. burgdorferi to alter protein production and gene expression. in this study we focus ... | 2007 | 17098904 |
| [a patient with fever following a visit to the tropics: tick-borne relapsing fever discovered in a thick blood smear preparation]. | a 26-year-old woman presented with a 2-day history of fever peaking to 39 degrees c and cold shivers that developed after a 2-weeks trip to guatemala and belize. prior to the fever the patient had felt symptoms of a common cold and general malaise. moreover, she complained of generalised myalgia and nausea. she had taken paludrine as a prophylactic against malaria. borrelia spirochaetes, the pathogen of relapsing fever, were detected in a thick blood smear preparation. on the basis of the anamne ... | 2006 | 17100131 |
| canine borreliosis: a laboratory diagnostic trial. | the aim of this study was to investigate samples from dogs suggestive of active canine borreliosis (group a) by culture and pcr and the detection of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in order to confirm a presumptive clinical diagnosis of canine borreliosis by laboratory results. criteria for such a diagnosis were: history of tick exposure, lameness, neurological signs, nephropathy, lethargy, anorexia, and fever. a total of 302 samples comprising edta blood, urine, synovial flui ... | 2007 | 17101241 |
| recruitment of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in l:yme carditis. | lyme arthritis, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, can be recurrent or prolonged, whereas lyme carditis is mostly nonrecurring. a prominent difference between arthritis and carditis is the differential representation of phagocytes in these lesions: polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) are more prevalent in the joint, and macrophages predominate in the heart lesion. we have previously shown differential efficiency of b. burgdorferi clearance by pmn and macrophages, and we now investigat ... | 2007 | 17101663 |
| pathogen escape from host immunity by a genome program for antigenic variation. | the vector-borne bacterium borrelia hermsii, a relapsing fever agent, switches gene expression of a surface protein between different antigenic variants, thereby causing sequential waves of immune escape within hosts and increasing the likelihood of transmission. analogous programmed systems of antigenic variation occur in african trypanosomes and plasmodium falciparum. in these examples, switch rates to individual variants differ over a wide range. we studied how b. hermsii determines switch ra ... | 2006 | 17101971 |
| [sensorineural loss of hearing in lower registers as the main symptom of lyme disease]. | in a 9-year-old boy with sudden sensorineural loss of hearing in the lower registers in both ears, serology showed elevated levels of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi and examination of the csf revealed a positive antibody index against borrelia burgdorferi. the boy was treated with antibiotics for 2 weeks. audiometry performed 4 weeks after treatment was completely normal. inner ear involvement in lyme disease has often been discussed. treating these patients with antibiotics may lead to ... | 2007 | 17103202 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of leptospira spp. and borrelia burgdorferi isolates to amoxicillin, tilmicosin, and enrofloxacin. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted with 6 different spirochetal strains (4 strains of leptospira spp. and 2 strains of borrelia burgdorferi) against 3 antimicrobial agents, commonly used in equine and bovine practice. the ranges of mic and mbc of amoxicillin against leptospira spp. were 0.05 - 6.25 microgram/ml and 6.25 - 25.0 microgram/ml, respectively. and the ranges of minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc) of amoxicillin against b. ... | 2006 | 17106227 |
| borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes that harbor only a portion of the lp28-1 plasmid elicit antibody responses detectable with the c6 test for lyme disease. | detection of antibody to c6, a peptide that reproduces the sequence of the sixth invariable region within the central domain of the vlse protein of borrelia burgdorferi, is used currently for the serologic diagnosis of lyme disease in humans. b. burgdorferi isolates taken from infected humans can be categorized into specific genetic subtypes (designated rst1, -2, and -3) by restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the 16s to 23s rrna spacer sequence. many of these, usually categorized as rst ... | 2007 | 17108288 |
| spirochaetemia in a hiv positive patient. | borreliosis, caused by borrelia recurrentis and several other borrelia species is not a commonly reported case in our environment, but the search for the cause of recurrent pyrexia in this patient made it possible to discover the spirochete as the cause of the disease. | 2006 | 17111740 |
| alzheimer's disease braak stage progressions: reexamined and redefined as borrelia infection transmission through neural circuits. | brain structure in health is a dynamic energized equation incorporating chemistry, neuronal structure, and circuitry components. the chemistry "piece" is represented by multiple neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and dopamine. the neuronal structure "piece" incorporates synapses and their connections. and finally circuits of neurons establish "architectural blueprints" of anatomic wiring diagrams of the higher order of brain neuron organizations. in alzheimer's disease, there ar ... | 2007 | 17113237 |
| diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of erythema migrans and lyme arthritis. | most patients with erythema migrans, the pathognomonic rash of lyme disease, do not recall a deer tick bite. the rash is classically 5 to 68 cm of annular homogenous erythema (59%), central erythema (30%), central clearing (9%), or central purpura (2%). serologic testing is not indicated for patients with erythema migrans, because initially, the result is usually negative. successful treatment of a patient with erythema migrans can be accomplished with 20 days of oral doxycycline, amoxicillin, o ... | 2006 | 17113969 |
| gene expression profiling reveals unique pathways associated with differential severity of lyme arthritis. | the murine model of lyme disease provides a unique opportunity to study the localized host response to similar stimulus, borrelia burgdorferi, in the joints of mice destined to develop severe arthritis (c3h) or mild disease (c57bl/6). pathways associated with the response to infection and the development of lyme arthritis were identified by global gene expression patterns using oligonucleotide microarrays. a robust induction of ifn-responsive genes was observed in severely arthritic c3h mice at ... | 2006 | 17114465 |
| arthropod-borne diseases in homeless. | homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasite. the living conditions and the crowded shelters provide ideal conditions for the spread of lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. body lice have long been recognized as human parasites and although typically prevalent in rural communities in upland areas of countries close to the equator, it is now increasingly encountered in developed countries especially in homeless people or inner city economically deprived population. fleas are widespread but ... | 2006 | 17114713 |
| clinical diagnosis and treatment of human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis. | tick-borne rickettsiae in the genera ehrlichia and anaplasma are intracellular bacteria that infect wild and domestic mammals and, more recently, man. the increased desire of humans for recreational activities outdoors has increased the exposure to potential human pathogens that previously cycled almost exclusively within natural, nonhuman enzootic hosts. anaplasma phagocytophilum causes an acute, nonspecific febrile illness of humans previously known as human granulocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hge ... | 2006 | 17114714 |
| prevalence of bacterial agents in ixodes persulcatus ticks from the vologda province of russia. | the prevalence of rickettsiae, ehrlichiae, and the rickettsia-like endosymbiont called montezuma relative to that of borrelia was determined in questing ixodes persulcatus (i. persulcatus) ticks collected in 2002-2003 from vologda province, russia. ehrlichia muris, anaplasma phagocytophilum, montezuma, and new spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the first time in this area. the rickettsiae were all candidatus rickettsia tarasevichiae, the furthest ... | 2006 | 17114724 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia spp., and borrelia burgdorferi s. l. in ticks, and wild-living animals in western and middle slovakia. | in this study, three tick species (ixodes ricinus, dermacentor marginatus, and d. reticulatus), small terrestrial mammals, and game were examined by pcr for the presence of tick-borne pathogens anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, rickettsia spp., and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | 2006 | 17114728 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum, rickettsia sp. and borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato dna in questing ixodes ricinus ticks from france. | a total of 4701 ixodes ricinus, collected during the summer of 2003, were analyzed for three pathogens. dna was detected from the three pathogens. co-detection of more than one pathogen was observed. | 2006 | 17114729 |
| the occurrence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsiae in ixodes ricinus ticks (acari: ixodidae) in northern poland. | ixodes ricinus, the most commonly observed tick species in poland, is known vector of microorganisms pathogenic for humans as tbe virus, borrelia burgdorferi s.1., anaplasma phagocytophilum and babesia sp. in this country. our study aimed to find out whether this tick can also transmit also rickettsiae of the spotted fever group (sfg). dna extracts from 560 ticks (28 females, 34 males, and 488 nymphs) collected in different wooded areas in northern poland were examined by pcr for the detection o ... | 2006 | 17114767 |
| comparison of direct fluorescent antibody staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes scapularis ticks. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent responsible for causing lyme disease in humans and animals, is transmitted via the bite of infected ixodes spp. ticks. ticks removed from humans and animals are routinely tested by diagnostic laboratories to determine if they are infected with these bacteria. the objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of 2 commonly used methods, direct fluorescent antibody staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr), for the detection of b. burgdorferi in i ... | 2006 | 17121087 |
| short report: association of macrophage inflammatory response and cell death after in vitro borrelia burgdorferi infection with arthritis resistance. | susceptibility to borrelia burgdorferi infection and subsequent arthritis is genetically determined in mice and determined by innate immunity. accordingly, macrophage responses to b. burgdorferi challenge may differ between mouse strains. bone marrow-derived macrophages were infected ex vivo with clonal b. burgdorferi strain n40. interleukin-12 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) production were higher in macrophages from resistant c57bl/6 mice than in macrophages from susceptible c3h/he ... | 2006 | 17123997 |
| infection and musculoskeletal conditions: lyme borreliosis. | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by the spirochaetes borrelia burgdorferi, b. garinii and b. afzelii. it comprises a wide spectrum of symptoms affecting skin, musculoskeletal system, heart, eyes, central and peripheral nervous system. the diagnosis is based on clinical findings in combination with detection of specific igm and/or igg antibodies. diagnostic problems arise from patients with non-specific symptoms and positive igg antibody detection. adequate antibiotic th ... | 2006 | 17127199 |
| laboratory diagnosis of lyme borreliosis at the portuguese national institute of health (1990-2004). | lyme borreliosis is considered to be an emerging infection in some regions of the world, including portugal. the first portuguese human case of lyme borreliosis was identified in 1989. since 1999, this disease is considered a notifiable disease (ddo) in portugal, but only a few cases are reported each year, which does not allow consistent analysis of risk factors and the impact on public health. in this study the authors analyse the data available at the centre for vectors and infectious disease ... | 2006 | 17130658 |
| lyme carditis: complete atrioventricular dissociation with need for temporary pacing. | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne disease. cardiac manifestations of the disease are extremely rare. we report a case of lyme carditis in an otherwise healthy male, who presented to the accident & emergency department with chest pain, dizziness and generally symptoms indicating ischaemic heart disease. this patient, without documented history of lyme disease, acutely developed third-degree atrioventricular block, which required placement of a transvenous pacemaker and resolved when the patient wa ... | 2006 | 17134068 |
| efficient synthesis of a c-analogue of the immunogenic bacterial glycolipid bbgl2. | synthesis of a c-analogue of bacterial glycolipid bbgl2 is reported using grignard reaction of in situ generated beta-galactosyl iodide and subsequent olefin cross metathesis reaction of c-vinyl galactoside as key steps. [reaction: see text] | 2006 | 17134267 |
| genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks from the autonomous province of trento, italy. | sequences of the variable intergenic spacer region 5s (rrfa) 23s (rrlb) rrna were used to identify borrelia genospecies present in ixodes ricinus nymphs collected from the lamar lakes area of the province of trento, italy (overall prevalence=6.3%). four genospecies were identified, one for the first time in this province (b. valaisiana), and three which have been noted previously (b. afzelii, b. garinii, and b. burgdorferi s.s.). in order to compare the genetic variability of these genospecies i ... | 2007 | 17137840 |
| [papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome--a case report]. | papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome is a rare manifestation associated with acute seronegative arthritis and skin lesions. it is triggered by a viral infection, most commonly by human parvovirus b19 or coxsackie group of viruses, but precise viral diagnosis is not obtained in all cases. | 2006 | 17140041 |
| epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis in croatia. | the goal was to show the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis in croatia. | 2006 | 17153550 |
| evidence that rpos (sigmas) in borrelia burgdorferi is controlled directly by rpon (sigma54/sigman). | the alternative sigma factor (rpon-rpos) pathway controls the expression of key virulence factors in borrelia burgdorferi. however, evidence to support whether rpon controls rpos directly or, perhaps, indirectly via a transactivator has been lacking. herein we provide biochemical and genetic evidence that rpon directly controls rpos in b. burgdorferi. | 2007 | 17158681 |
| rapid clearance of lyme disease spirochetes lacking ospc from skin. | we previously demonstrated that borrelia burgdorferi requires ospc to colonize a mammalian host. to delineate this requirement, we analyzed the clearance of ospc mutant spirochetes and found that they were eliminated within 48 h. we conclude that b. burgdorferi uses ospc to resist innate host defenses immediately after transmission. | 2007 | 17158906 |
| [therapy-resistant depression with fatigue. a case of presumed streptococcal-associated autoimmune disorder]. | after a tick bite and erythema chronicum migrans, a 31-year-old patient developed headaches, fatigue, multilocular pain and therapy-resistant depression with cognitive disturbances. antibodies against borrelia and borna disease virus, high antibody titers against streptococci at the point of most severe depression and blood-csf barrier dysfunction were found. streptococcal antibody titers were normal 2 years before and 4 years after. with penicillin treatment and tonsillectomy, therapy-resistant ... | 2007 | 17160540 |
| lyme borreliosis in 2005, 30 years after initial observations in lyme connecticut. | nearly 100 years ago, afzelius described a patient with an expanding skin lesion, called erythema migrans, which is now known to be the initial skin manifestation of lyme borreliosis. approximately 70 years later, in 1976, epidemiologic evaluation of a cluster of children with arthritis in lyme, connecticut led to a complete description of the infection. during the subsequent years, investigators in a number of countries have made remarkable strides in the elucidation of this tick-borne spiroche ... | 2006 | 17160599 |
| hematogenous dissemination in early lyme disease. | hematogenous dissemination has long been considered an important pathogenetic event in lyme borreliosis but has been hard to document and characterize due to insensitive blood culture methods. in a series of recent investigations involving adult patients from the united states with erythema migrans, it was concluded that plasma was a better source of culture material than serum or whole blood, and yield correlated directly with the volume of material cultured. the rate of recovery of borrelia bu ... | 2006 | 17160600 |
| what we have learned about lyme borreliosis from studies in children. | although pediatric lyme borreliosis (lb) need not be a separate nosological entity, there are clinically important differences in presentation, antibiotic regimens and outcomes in children, which provide lessons that can be extrapolated to the disease as it affects adults. a large proportion of the worldwide data is obtained from children. the aim of this presentation is not to present an exhaustive review of the pediatric literature, but to review a selection of pediatric studies that have made ... | 2006 | 17160601 |
| evolving models of lyme disease spirochete gene regulation. | the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease (lyme borreliosis), is well-adapted to maintain a natural cycle of alternately infecting vertebrates and blood-sucking ticks. during this cycle, b. burgdorferi interacts with a broad spectrum of vertebrate and arthropod tissues, acquires nutrients in diverse environments and evades killing by vertebrate and tick immune systems. the bacterium also senses when situations occur that necessitate transmission between hosts, such ... | 2006 | 17160602 |
| the mammalian host response to borrelia infection. | tick-borne relapsing fever (rf) and lyme disease (ld) are spirochetal infections of humans caused by different borrelia species in endemic areas throughout the world. our laboratory is studying the response of mammalian hosts to borrelia infection in rf and ld. for this, we use mice and non-human primates infected with b. burgdorferi sensu stricto strain n40 (n40) and the oz1 strain of borrelia turicatae (bt), agents of ld and rf in north america, respectively. our results have revealed that out ... | 2006 | 17160603 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: what we know, what we don't know, and what we need to know. | human lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder that can progress in stages and is transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus complex infected with the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. today, lyme borreliosis is regarded as the most important human tickborne illness in the northern hemisphere. soon after the causative agent was correctly identified and successfully isolated in 1982, antibiotic treatment was shown to be effective and since then a variety of in vitro and in vivo studie ... | 2006 | 17160604 |
| binding of human complement regulators fhl-1 and factor h to crasp-1 orthologs of borrelia burgdorferi. | the complement regulator-acquiring surface protein (crasp)-1 is a member of the paralogous gene family gbb54 and the dominant fhl-1 and factor h binding protein of borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.). it was shown recently that expression of bbcrasp-1 directly correlates with serum resistance of b. burgdorferi s.s. isolates. in the present study we have elucidated the putative potential of other members of the gbb54 paralogous family, including orthologs zsa66, zsa69, zsa70, zsa71, zsa72 a ... | 2006 | 17160605 |
| paradigm burgenland: risk of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection indicated by variable seroprevalence rates in hunters. | this study concerns the prevalence of antibodies against b. burgdorferi sensu lato as an indicator of previous borrelial infection among hunters, a group of occupationally exposed persons. in order to define associated risk factors and preparing data for future comparisons, a study was performed in the eight districts of burgenland, the most eastern state of austria. | 2006 | 17160606 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in the tick ixodes ricinus in the styrian mountains of austria. | a total of 691 ixodes ricinus (22 male, 39 female, 501 nymphs and 129 larvae), the tick vector of lyme borreliosis, were collected by flagging from vegetation in 11 areas at altitudes between 789 m and 1350 m above sea level in mixed woodland with pasture land (cattle) in the province of styria in austria. the ticks were individually examined for presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato by dark-field microscopy and 107 of them by real-time pcr. attempts to cultivate borreliae were made in bsk ... | 2006 | 17160607 |
| comparison of immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and liaison in patients with different clinical manifestations of lyme borreliosis. | serological tests for detection of borrelial antibodies are frequently used in laboratory diagnostics of lyme borreliosis. unfortunately these tests are not standardized and the results obtained with different assays may not be concordant. the aim of the present study was to compare two different serological tests, ifa and liaison, for detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato igm and igg antibody. we analyzed the serological immune response in 383 patients with different clinical manifestati ... | 2006 | 17160608 |
| electrocardiographic findings in children with erythema migrans. | to assess electrocardiographic findings in children with erythema migrans and to compare them with findings obtained in a healthy control group of comparable age and with a similar proportion of boys and girls. | 2006 | 17160609 |
| doxycycline versus ceftriaxone for the treatment of patients with chronic lyme borreliosis. | therapeutic guidelines for treatment of late manifestations of lyme borreliosis have not yet become well established. patients with symptoms suggesting central nervous system involvement are often treated with courses of intravenous ceftriaxone. this is an expensive treatment approach with potentially severe side effects. we compared the efficacy, side effects and costs of doxycycline and ceftriaxone in the treatment of such patients. | 2006 | 17160610 |
| effect of tick saliva on mechanisms of innate immune response against borrelia afzelii. | the effect of salivary gland extract (sge) and saliva from the tick ixodes ricinus (l.) on the interaction of borrelia afzelii spirochetes with mouse macrophages as well as on the borreli-acidal effect of calf serum was studied. sge reduced both the number of phagocytosing cells and phagocytosed bacteria. an inhibitory effect of sge on the killing of spirochetes by the alternative pathway of complement activation also was observed. both sge and saliva down-regulated production of proinflammatory ... | 2006 | 17162955 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia, borrelia, and rickettsial agents in amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) collected from nine states. | ambyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) is an aggressive tick that feeds on humans during all postembryonic life stages. in many regions of the united states, it is the tick most commonly found attached to humans. public health interest has grown recently, due to the recognition of new human pathogens transmitted by a. americanum and the expanding distribution of the tick. a. americanum is a vector of several bacteria pathogenic to humans. ehrlichia chaffeensis and ehrlichia ewingii cause mod ... | 2006 | 17162962 |
| relative abundance and prevalence of selected borrelia infections in ixodes scapularis and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) from publicly owned lands in monmouth county, new jersey. | to evaluate their potential importance in the transmission of ixodid tick-borne borrelioses in monmouth county, nj, we collected host-seeking ixodes scapularis say and amblyomma americanum (l.) (acari: ixodidae) adults and nymphs to determine relative encounter frequencies and the infection prevalence of selected borrelia spp. in their respective tick vectors. we also reviewed records of all ticks submitted for identification by the public in monmouth county during 2001-2005. relative abundance ... | 2006 | 17162963 |
| [investigation on borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents collected in da xing-an mountains forest areas of china]. | to detect and study the types of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ticks and rodents from da xing-an mountains forest areas of china. | 2006 | 17172108 |
| identification of specific chemoattractants and genetic complementation of a borrelia burgdorferi chemotaxis mutant: flow cytometry-based capillary tube chemotaxis assay. | measuring the chemotactic response of borrelia burgdorferi, the bacterial species that causes lyme disease, is relatively more difficult than measuring that of other bacteria. because these spirochetes have long generation times, enumerating cells that swim up a capillary tube containing an attractant by using colony counts is impractical. furthermore, direct counts with a petroff-hausser chamber is problematic, as this method has a low throughput and necessitates a high cell density; the latter ... | 2007 | 17172459 |
| the use of local isolates in western blots improves serological diagnosis of lyme disease in scotland. | nine scottish borrelia burgdorferi isolates were investigated in igg western blot tests. sera previously found to be positive and negative when tested by routine western blots prepared from reference strain b. burgdorferi sensu stricto antigen had different outcomes with these isolates. two isolates, e5 (borrelia afzelii) and g4 (b. burgdorferi sensu stricto) performed well, reproducing western blot-positive results in 90 and 95% of tests, respectively. when antigens from both isolates were inco ... | 2007 | 17172516 |
| [juvenile idiopathic arthritis and lyme disease: a case report]. | lyme disease is a systemic infection due to borrelia burgdorferi. joint involvement in children, when primary phase is unknown, can be confounded with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. we report a case of a 16 years old girl, who developed at the age of 14 a bilateral and symetrical polyarthritis of big and small joints with fever and cutaneous eruption of trunk. no clinical improvement was seen under disease modified treatment. more biological investigations were performed, leading to the diagnosi ... | 2006 | 17175692 |
| decreased up-regulation of the interleukin-12rbeta2-chain and interferon-gamma secretion and increased number of forkhead box p3-expressing cells in patients with a history of chronic lyme borreliosis compared with asymptomatic borrelia-exposed individuals. | lyme borreliosis (lb) can, despite adequate antibiotic treatment, develop into a chronic condition with persisting symptoms such as musculoskeletal pain, subjective alteration of cognition and fatigue. the mechanism behind this is unclear, but it has been postulated that an aberrant immunological response might be the cause. in this study we investigated the expression of the t helper 1 (th1) marker interleukin (il)-12rbeta2, the marker for t regulatory cells, forkhead box p3 (foxp3) and the cyt ... | 2007 | 17177959 |
| cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia presenting as a solitary facial nodule: clinical, histopathological, immunophenotypical, and molecular studies. | to elucidate the clinicopathological, immunophenotypical, and molecular characteristics of cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia presenting as a solitary facial nodule. | 2006 | 17178981 |
| c6 peptide elisa test in the serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis in sweden. | the aim of this study was to evaluate the synthetic c6 peptide test as a first-line test in a two-tiered scheme for borrelia serology in a clinically well-characterized population of patients with lyme borreliosis in kalmar county, sweden. the study population consisted of a prospective group (n = 200), a control group (n = 255), and a retrospective group (n = 29). the test panel consisted of the immunetics quick elisa c6 borrelia assay kit (immunetics, cambridge, ma, usa), the virotech borrelia ... | 2007 | 17180348 |
| the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi requires bb0690, a dps homologue, to persist within ticks. | borrelia burgdorferi survives in an enzootic cycle, and dps proteins protect dna against damage during starvation or oxidative stress. the role of a dps homologue encoded by borrelia in spirochaete survival was assessed. dps-deficient spirochaetes were infectious in mice via needle-inoculation at the dose of 10(5) spirochaetes. larval ticks successfully acquired dps-deficient spirochaetes via a blood meal on mice. however, after extended periods within unfed nymphs, the dps-deficient spirochaete ... | 2007 | 17181780 |
| synthesis of an experimental glycolipoprotein vaccine against lyme disease. | a novel glycolipid was synthesized that corresponds to cholesteryl palmitoyl-galactopyranoside 1 found in the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. in order to fashion 1 in a conjugatable form, the palmitoyl residue was modified to include a terminal aldehydo moiety that anchored the glycolipid to aminooxypropylated serum albumin using oxime chemistry. the glycolipoprotein so obtained incorporates an average of 18 glycolipid moieties per albumin molecule. the nove ... | 2007 | 17182019 |
| in situ immune response in brain and kidney during early relapsing fever borreliosis. | characterization of the host immune response during initial pathogenesis of relapsing fever neuroborreliosis would be a key to understanding borrelia persistence and factors driving the inflammatory process. we analyzed immune cells in brain and kidney with the highly invasive b. crocidurae during the first two weeks of murine infection. in both organs, microglia and/or macrophages predominated while t-cell changes were minimal. compared to kidney, brain neutrophils infiltrated more rapidly and ... | 2007 | 17184846 |
| seasonal variations in detecting borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in rodents from north eastern austria. | austria is well known as an endemic area of lyme borreliosis. to assess the annual variation of rodent populations that may host agents of lyme borreliosis we collected rodents in northeastern austria. life traps were set out every six weeks during a year consecutively in one each of the three different zones (hohenau, ernstbrunn, vienna woods) that cover the main habitat characteristics of small mammals in northeastern austria. rodents were collected and identified. samples of heart, urine blad ... | 2006 | 17186171 |
| ticks (ixodidae) from passerine birds in the carpathian region. | birds have been found to be a reservoir host of borrelia. in order to assess the situation in slovakia ticks were collected from a total of 3057 mist-netted, ringed and released passerine birds in two locations at 500 m (in 2001) and 1000 m (in 2003) above sea level in the bukovské vrchy hills, part of the carpathian region in the north-east of slovakia. a total of 75 birds of 16 species were infested with subadult ticks of ixodes ricinus species (prevalence of parasitization 5%). sixty-two larv ... | 2006 | 17186172 |
| pathogens and host dna in ixodes ricinus nymphal ticks from a german forest. | unfed nymphs of ixodes ricinus were collected from vegetation in a forest on the outskirts of berlin, germany and were analyzed for host and pathogen dna. pathogens were detected in 47% of the ticks. borrelia afzelii was the commonest pathogen detected, followed by rickettsia helvetica. other pathogens included b. valaisiana, b. garinii, b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and a relapsing fever-like borrelia. most of the host dna detected was of rodent origin and was associa ... | 2006 | 17187573 |
| mammal diversity and infection prevalence in the maintenance of enzootic borrelia burgdorferi along the western coastal plains of maryland. | the primary vector of borrelia burgdorferi in north america, ixodes scapularis, feeds on various mammalian, avian, and reptilian hosts. several small mammal hosts; peromyscus leucopus, tamias striatus, microtus pennsylvanicus, and blarina spp. can serve as reservoirs in an enzootic cycle of lyme disease. the primary reservoir in the northeast united states is the white-footed mouse, p. leucopus. the infection prevalence of this reservoir as well as the roles of potential secondary reservoirs has ... | 2006 | 17187577 |
| borrelia burgdorferi bba74, a periplasmic protein associated with the outer membrane, lacks porin-like properties. | the outer membrane of borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, contains very few integral membrane proteins, in contrast to other gram-negative bacteria. bba74, a borrelia burgdorferi plasmid-encoded protein, was proposed to be an integral outer membrane protein with putative porin function and designated as a 28-kda outer membrane-spanning porin (oms28). in this study, the biophysical properties of bba74 and its subcellular localization were investigated. bba74 is posttranslat ... | 2007 | 17189354 |
| enzymatic degradation of beta- and mixed alpha,beta-oligopeptides. | one of the main and most astonishing characteristics of peptides comprised of beta-amino acids with proteinogenic side chains is their extraordinarily high stability towards enzymatic degradation. so far, only certain microbial enzymes have been shown to cleave n-terminal beta(3)-homoamino acid residues from peptides. in this work, the l-aminopeptidase-d-amidase/esterase (dmpa) from ochrobactrum anthropi lmg7991 is compared to two closely related beta-peptidyl aminopeptidases (bapa), which origi ... | 2006 | 17193247 |
| abundance of wild rodents, ticks and environmental risk of lyme borreliosis: a longitudinal study in an area of mazury lakes district of poland. | the results of a longitudinal epidemiological survey in two contrasting habitats in an area of the mazury lakes district of poland indicate that both host and vector (ixodes ricinus) densities, may be the most important risk factors for the tick-transmitted spirochetes of borrelia burgdirferi s.l. however, the results also highlight that even related host species, such as the wild rodents apodemus flavicollis and clethrionomys glareolus that share the same habitat, can show quite different dynam ... | 2006 | 17196004 |
| prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi genospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks from lublin region (eastern poland). | the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence rate of 3 borrelia burgdorferi genospecies in ixodes ricinus ticks collected from wooded areas of the lublin region (eastern poland). a group of 1,813 i. ricinus ticks from 6 districts were examined for the presence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b.b.s.l.) by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). another group of 438 i. ricinus ticks collected from 4 districts were examined for the presence of b.b.s.l. by culture on bskh liquid medium co ... | 2006 | 17196005 |
| correlation of tests for detection of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato infection in patients with diagnosed borreliosis. | a group of 180 patients with diagnosed lyme borreliosis were examined for the presence of infection with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (b. burgdorferi s.l.) by serologic tests with b. burgdorferi s.l. antigens (igm-elisa, igg-elisa, igm-immunoblot, igg-immunoblot) and by polymerase chain reaction (pcr, nested-pcr) for detection of b. burgdorferi s.l. dna in peripheral blood. a total of 61.7 %, 53.9 %, 62.2 %, and 59.4 % of the examined patients' sera showed positive or borderline results in th ... | 2006 | 17196006 |
| lyme borreliosis and multiple sclerosis are associated with primary effusion lymphoma. | multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation and demyelination. studies suggested that the viral, especially epstein-barr virus infection, and bacterial infections, especially borrelia burgdorferi infection, play a role in etiology of ms. ms prevalence parallels the distribution of the lyme disease pathogen b. burgdorferi. criteria used for diagnosis of ms can also be fulfilled in other conditions such as lyme disease, a multisy ... | 2007 | 17197115 |
| isolation of borrelia afzelii from overwintering culex pipiens biotype molestus mosquitoes. | a total of 662 samples (winter period: 469; summer period: 193 specimens) of female mosquitoes of the genus culex, aedes and anopheles were collected during the period march 2000-april 2001 from the locality of vysoke myto (eastern bohemia, czech republic). they were examined by dark field microscopy for the presence of spirochetes. the motile spirochetes were observed in 4.2 % of all species of investigated mosquitoes. one spirochetal strain out of the 8 isolation attempts (brz14) was obtained ... | 2006 | 17199258 |
| complete heart block: henoch-schönlein purpura or lyme carditis? | | 2007 | 17199851 |
| role of interleukin 10 during persistent infection with the relapsing fever spirochete borrelia turicatae. | relapsing fever is an infection characterized by peaks of spirochetemia attributable to antibody selection against variable serotypes. in the absence of b cells, serotypes cannot be cleared, resulting in persistent infection. we previously identified differences in spirochetemia and disease severity during persistent infection of severe combined immunodeficiency mice with isogenic serotypes 1 (bt1) or 2 (bt2) of borrelia turicatae. to investigate this further, we studied pathogen load, clinical ... | 2007 | 17200198 |
| predictive model for lyme meningitis: a reply. | | 2007 | 17200294 |
| ifn-gamma alters the response of borrelia burgdorferi-activated endothelium to favor chronic inflammation. | borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme disease, promotes proinflammatory changes in the endothelium that lead to the recruitment of leukocytes. the host immune response to infection results in increased levels of ifn-gamma in the serum and lesions of lyme disease patients that correlate with greater severity of disease. therefore, the effect of ifn-gamma on the gene expression profile of primary human endothelial cells exposed to b. burgdorferi was determined. b. burgdorferi and ifn-gamma syner ... | 2007 | 17202382 |
| increased incidence of lyme borreliosis following mild winters and during warm, humid summers. | | 2007 | 17203287 |
| [tick bites and borreliosis in children attending forest kindergarten: a challenge for prevention]. | the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of preventive measures on the risk of being bitten by a tick and of suffering from borreliosis in children attending so-called 'forest kindergartens' (nurseries located in forested areas where children spend all-season full-time outdoors), compared to children attending regular kindergartens. in addition, we aimed to analyse sources of information and the risk of being bitten more than once. | 2006 | 17203452 |
| the first crystal structure of phosphofructokinase from a eukaryote: trypanosoma brucei. | the crystal structure of the atp-dependent phosphofructokinase (pfk) from trypanosoma brucei provides the first detailed description of a eukaryotic pfk, and enables comparisons to be made with the crystal structures of bacterial atp-dependent and ppi-dependent pfks. the structure reveals that two insertions (the 17-20 and 329-348 loops) that are characteristic of trypanosomatid pfks, but absent from bacterial and mammalian atp-dependent pfks, are located within and adjacent to the active site, ... | 2007 | 17207816 |
| focus floating microscopy: "gold standard" for cutaneous borreliosis? | borrelia burgdorferi is difficult to detect in routine biopsy material from patients with skin lesions of borreliosis. in this study, a new immunohistochemical method, focus floating microscopy (ffm), was developed to detect b burgdorferi in tissue sections and was compared with polymerase chain reaction (pcr). by using standard histologic equipment, tissue sections stained with a polyclonal b burgdorferi antibody were simultaneously scanned through 2 planes: horizontally in serpentines and vert ... | 2007 | 17210530 |
| motor neuron disease recovery associated with iv ceftriaxone and anti-babesia therapy. | this report summarizes what we believe to be the first verifiable case of a significant and progressive motor neuron disease (mnd) consistent with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis that resolved during treatment with i.v. ceftriaxone plus oral atovaquone and mefloquine. the rationale for use of these antibiotics was (i) positive testing for borrelia burgdorferi and (ii) red blood cell ring forms consistent with babesia species infection. the patient has continued to be free of mnd signs and symptoms ... | 2007 | 17212618 |
| lack of microbial dna in tissue specimens of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms and positive chlamydiales serology. | in a case-control study that included a total of 98 patients and 83 controls, the possible link between various pathogens and abdominal aortic aneurysms was investigated. for 68 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and age-matched controls, no differences were detected in the levels of immunoglobulin (ig)a and igg chlamydiaceae and chlamydophila pneumoniae antibodies. patients with iga titers positive for chlamydophila pneumoniae showed progressive disease (defined as an annual increase of th ... | 2007 | 17216421 |
| the low seroprevalence of tick-transmitted agents of disease in dogs from southern ontario and quebec. | infectious diseases caused by pathogens transmitted by ticks and other insect vectors are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both dogs and humans throughout north america. the purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of selected vector-transmitted pathogens in southern ontario and quebec. samples submitted to the vector borne disease diagnostic laboratory (vbddl) at the north carolina state university college of veterinary medicine were evaluated for antibodies to ... | 2006 | 17217089 |
| [human anaplasmosis (ehrlichiosis)]. | the north part of croatia, especially the koprivnica-krizevci county is a well known endemic area of several tick-transmitted diseases including tick-borne encephalitis, lyme borreliosis and tularemia. each summer numerous patients develop a nonspecific febrile illness after tick bite, etiology of which is sometimes never established. purpose of work: the aim of this prospective study was to determine whether the infection with anaplasma phagocytophilum was associated with febrile illnesses occu ... | 2006 | 17217096 |
| adaptation of a luciferase gene reporter and lac expression system to borrelia burgdorferi. | the development of new genetic systems for studying the complex regulatory events that occur within borrelia burgdorferi is an important goal of contemporary lyme disease research. although recent advancements have been made in the genetic manipulation of b. burgdorferi, there still remains a paucity of basic molecular systems for assessing differential gene expression in this pathogen. herein, we describe the adaptation of two powerful genetic tools for use in b. burgdorferi. the first is a pho ... | 2007 | 17220265 |
| phagocytosis of borrelia burgdorferi and treponema pallidum potentiates innate immune activation and induces gamma interferon production. | we examined the interactions of live and lysed spirochetes with innate immune cells. thp-1 monocytoid cells were activated to comparable extents by live borrelia burgdorferi and by b. burgdorferi and treponema pallidum lysates but were poorly activated by live t. pallidum. because thp-1 cells poorly internalized live spirochetes, we turned to an ex vivo peripheral blood mononuclear cell system that would more closely reflect spirochete-mononuclear phagocyte interactions that occur during actual ... | 2007 | 17220323 |
| avellis syndrome due to borreliosis. | avellis syndrome is a rare form of alternating hemiparesis that is usually because of atherosclerosis. we report a 67-year-old man who developed paresthesiae of the left arm, dysphagia and dysphonia. the clinical picture, magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid findings were consistent with avellis syndrome caused by brain stem arteritis because of late stage borrelia burgdorferi infection, an extremely unusual aetiology for avellis syndrome; this may well be the first such instance. ... | 2007 | 17222124 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of a brazilian strain of borrelia anserina, the agent of fowl spirochaetosis. | borrelia anserina the agent of fowl spirochaetosis, has a worldwide distribution, where it is transmitted by argas spp. ticks. the present study reports the first molecular characterization and in vitro isolation of an avian spirochaete strain from brazil, presumably identified as b. anserina originated from naturally infected argas miniatus ticks. dna fragments of the rrs and flab genes were amplified by pcr and sequenced to determine phylogenetic similarities. the resulting sequences were 99.8 ... | 2007 | 17222877 |
| course of borrelia burgdorferi dna shedding in urine after treatment. | diagnosis of lyme borreliosis by urine polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been recognized as having better diagnostic sensitivity in patients with erythema migrans than serological methods. we made serial tests with 192 urine specimens from 70 patients with erythema migrans and 60 urine specimens from 21 patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans to evaluate the course of positive urine pcr after antibiotic treatment. before treatment, urine samples from patients with erythema migrans sh ... | 2007 | 17225014 |
| [fever of unknown origin caused by anaplasmosis]. | a 74-year-old man in good clinical condition presented with complaints of recurrent fever up to 38 degrees c and diffuse thoracic pain, both present for several weeks. antibiotic therapy did not result in disappearance of the symptoms. except for a picture of chronic inflammation and a positive anaplasma igm antibody titre, serology yielded no indication ofthe diagnosis. further investigation, including imaging, showed no convincing cause. 'anaplasma infection' remained the working diagnosis. on ... | 2006 | 17225790 |
| elimination of channel-forming activity by insertional inactivation of the p66 gene in borrelia burgdorferi. | p66 is a chromosomally encoded 66-kda integral outer membrane protein of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi exhibiting channel-forming activity. herein, we inactivated and subsequently complemented the p66 gene in the b31-a (wt) strain. the p66 protein was also inactivated in two other channel-forming protein mutant strains, p13-18 (deltap13) and deltabba01, and then compared with the channel-forming activities of wild-type and various p66 mutant strains. we further investigated the ion ... | 2007 | 17233736 |
| immune responses to borrelial vlse ir6 peptide variants. | laboratory confirmation of lyme borreliosis (lb) relies mainly on the demonstration of anti-borrelial antibodies. in recent studies, a novel vlse protein ir(6) peptide-based assay has been introduced. our aim was to evaluate the ir(6) peptides from three borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato genospecies in the serodiagnosis of european and north american patients. five vlse protein ir(6) peptide variants representing sequences from b. burgdorferi sensu stricto, b. garinii, and b. afzelii were used as ... | 2007 | 17234451 |
| regulators of expression of the oligopeptide permease a proteins of borrelia burgdorferi. | borrelia burgdorferi undergoes an infectious cycle that requires adaptation to different hosts and marked differences in environment. b. burgdorferi copes with its different environments by regulating the expression of proteins required for survival in specific settings. the b. burgdorferi oligopeptide permease (opp) is one of only a few transporters encoded by the b. burgdorferi genome. opp proteins in other bacteria serve multiple environmental adaptation functions. b. burgdorferi appears to b ... | 2007 | 17237172 |
| construction and analysis of variants of a polyvalent lyme disease vaccine: approaches for improving the immune response to chimeric vaccinogens. | there is currently no lyme disease vaccine commercially available for use in humans. outer surface protein c (ospc) of the borrelia has been widely investigated as a potential vaccinogen. at least 38 ospc types have been defined. while the antibody response to ospc is protective, the range of protection is narrow due to the localization of protective epitopes within ospc type-specific domains. to develop a broadly protective vaccine, we previously constructed a tetravalent chimeric vaccinogen co ... | 2007 | 17239505 |
| topology-dependent transcription in linear and circular plasmids of the segmented genome of borrelia burgdorferi. | the segmented genome of borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of lyme disease, contains a mixture of over 20 linear and circular plasmids. genes encoding five paralogous families of plasmid replication proteins are located on both circular and linear dna molecules. the effect of dna topology on the transcription of replication proteins from two b. burgdorferi plasmids, cp9 and lp17, was examined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. circular to linear conversion o ... | 2007 | 17241200 |
| shaping the borrelia burgdorferi genome: crystal structure and binding properties of the dna-bending protein hbb. | the genome of the lyme disease-causing spirochete borrelia burgdorferi encodes only a single polypeptide from the integration host factor (ihf)/hu or 'dnabii' family of nucleoid-associated proteins - hbb. dnabii proteins induce large bends in dna and serve as architectural factors in a variety of prokaryotic cellular processes. we have solved the crystal structure of an hbb-dna complex in which the dna is bent by over 180 degrees . we find that like ihf, hbb relies exclusively on indirect readou ... | 2007 | 17244195 |
| [presence of spirochetes of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in ixodes ricinus ticks in the recreational area of tarnowskie gory and zabrze districts in 2001-2003]. | borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato is an aethiological factor of borreliosis. borrelia spirochete is transmitted to humans by ticks. the aim of the study was to estimate the spirochetes b. burgdorferi s.1. infection in ixodes ricinus ticks by using pcr analysis of the flagellin gene fragment. the study was carried out in 2001-2003 in recreational areas of the silesian region in poland (tarnowskie g6ry and zabrze administrative districts). in the 233 ticks analysed the dna of b. burgdorferi s.l. was ... | 2006 | 17249184 |
| assessing peridomestic entomological factors as predictors for lyme disease. | the roles of entomologic risk factors, including density of nymphal blacklegged ticks (ixodes scapularis), prevalence of nymphal infection with the etiologic agent (borrelia burgdorferi), and density of infected nymphs, in determining the risk of human lyme disease were assessed at residences in the endemic community of south kingstown, ri. nymphs were sampled between may and july from the wooded edge around 51 and 47 residential properties in 2002 and 2003, respectively. nymphs were collected f ... | 2006 | 17249354 |
| serologic survey of eptesicus fuscus from georgia, u.s.a. for rickettsia and borrelia and laboratory transmission of a rickettsia by bat ticks. | bats and their ectoparasites are associated with bacterial agents of unknown pathogenicity. we tested sera from 56 eptesicus fuscus from georgia against borrelia hermsii, orientia tsutsugamushi, rickettsia conorii, and rickettsia rickettsii. we detected antibodies reactive against a relapsing fever borrelia and spotted fever group rickettsia in 3/56 and 1/56 bats, respectively. we attempted to culture bartonella from the blood of these bats but were unsuccessful. in addition, we fed bat ticks, c ... | 2006 | 17249357 |
| antibodies to whole-cell or recombinant antigens of borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and babesia microti in white-footed mice. | serum samples were obtained from white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) in tick-infested areas of connecticut during the period 2001 through 2003 and analyzed for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, and babesia microti. emphasis was placed on the evaluations of highly specific recombinant vlse or protein (p) 44 antigens of b. burgdorferi and a. phagocytophilum, respectively, in a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) as well as testing sera with wh ... | 2006 | 17255439 |
| wild turkey (meleagris gallopavo) as a host of ixodid ticks, lice, and lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) in california state parks. | rio grande wild turkeys (meleagris gallopavo intermedia) were evaluated as potential hosts of ixodid ticks, lice, and lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato [s.l.]) in three state parks in sonoma county, california, usa, during 2003 and 2004. in total, 113 birds were collected, 50 (44.2%) of which were found to be infested by 361 ixodid ticks representing three species: the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus, n=248), the rabbit tick (haemaphysalis leporispalustris, n= ... | 2006 | 17255442 |
| artificial regulation of ospc expression in borrelia burgdorferi. | outer surface lipoprotein (osp) c is a virulence factor required for transmission of the lyme disease agent, borrelia burgdorferi. we have constructed an inducible promoter system to study the function and regulation of ospc by integrating regulatory elements from the escherichia coli lac operon into the b. burgdorferi genome. an inducible promoter (flacp) was constructed by inserting a synthetic lac operator sequence between the transcriptional start site and the ribosomal binding site of the b ... | 2007 | 17257307 |
| [back pain without radiculitis as an initial manifestation of lyme disease: two cases]. | the most frequent neurological expression of lyme disease (borreliosis) during its secondary phase is meningoradiculitis, but atypical presentations occur. lyme disease must be considered especially in endemic areas and during the summer (may-october). | 2007 | 17261450 |