| coiled coil structures and transcription: an analysis of the s. cerevisiae coilome. | the alpha-helical coiled coil is a simple but widespread motif that is an integral feature of many cellular structures. coiled coils allow monomeric building blocks to form complex assemblages that can serve as molecular motors and springs. previous parametrically delimited analyses of the distribution of coiled coils in the genomes of diverse organisms, including escherichia coli, saccharomyces cerevisiae, arabidopsis thaliana, caenorhabditis elegans and homo sapiens, have identified conserved ... | 2007 | 17476531 |
| a search engine to identify pathway genes from expression data on multiple organisms. | the completion of several genome projects showed that most genes have not yet been characterized, especially in multicellular organisms. although most genes have unknown functions, a large collection of data is available describing their transcriptional activities under many different experimental conditions. in many cases, the coregulatation of a set of genes across a set of conditions can be used to infer roles for genes of unknown function. | 2007 | 17477880 |
| foxg1, a member of the forkhead family, is a corepressor of the androgen receptor. | the androgen receptor (ar) is a ligand-dependent transcriptional regulator which belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily. the basal transcriptional activity of the androgen receptor is regulated by interaction with coactivator or corepressor proteins. the exact mechanism whereby comodulators influence target gene transcription is only partially understood, especially for corepressors. whereas several coactivators are described for the ar, only a few corepressors are known. here, we describe ... | 2007 | 17482455 |
| human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin: involvement of a putative non-catalytic phosphate-binding subsite in its catalysis. | human eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (edn) or rnase 2, found in the non-core matrix of eosinophils is a ribonuclease belonging to the ribonuclease a superfamily. edn manifests a number of bioactions including neurotoxic and antiviral activities, which are dependent on its ribonuclease activity. the core of the catalytic site of edn contains various base and phosphate-binding subsites. unlike many members of the rnase a superfamily, edn contains an additional non-catalytic phosphate-binding subsit ... | 2007 | 17483910 |
| geminin organizes the molecular platform to balance cellular proliferation and differentiation. | geminin was originally identified as an inhibitor of replication initiation, but is now known to play multiple roles in several fundamental cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, development and transcriptional regulation. recently, the functional properties of geminin have been further characterized by identifying geminin binding partners. to gain a broader molecular view of geminin's role in the control of cellular functions, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening. in th ... | 2007 | 17485275 |
| energy depletion protects candida albicans against antimicrobial peptides by rigidifying its cell membrane. | inhibitors of the energy metabolism, such as sodium azide and valinomycin, render yeast cells completely resistant against the killing action of a number of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including the salivary antimicrobial peptide histatin 5. in this study the histatin 5-mediated killing of the opportunistic yeast candida albicans was used as a model system to comprehensively investigate the molecular basis underlying this phenomenon. using confocal and electron microscopy it was demonstrate ... | 2007 | 17485465 |
| characterization of candida albicans infection of an in vitro oral epithelial model using confocal laser scanning microscopy. | oral candidosis presents as several distinct forms and one of these, chronic hyperplastic candidosis, is distinguished by penetration of the epithelium by candida. the aim of this study was to use confocal laser scanning microscopy to examine invasion of the oral epithelium by candida albicans from different oral conditions and to determine whether inherent strain differences exist that could relate to infection type. reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was also used to detect produc ... | 2007 | 17488445 |
| identification of a ligand for igg-fc derived from a soluble peptide library based on fusion proteins secreted by s. cerevisiae. | biological libraries are important tools in the development of new peptide-based compounds. here, we describe the use of a soluble peptide library system as a complementary tool in the field of ligand development. random peptides were expressed in s. cerevisiae as carboxy-terminal extensions of the eukaryotic initiation factor 5a (eif5a) and secreted into the culture supernatant. expression and screening of this library were performed in a microwell format. as an example of this versatile approa ... | 2007 | 17492714 |
| tri-cistronic cloning, overexpression and purification of human rad9, rad1, hus1 protein complex. | the least understood components of the dna damage checkpoint are the dna damage sensors. genetic studies of schizosaccharomyces pombe identified six yeast genes, rad3, rad17, rad9, rad1, hus1, and rad26, which encode proteins thought to sense dna damage and activate the checkpoint-signaling cascade. it has been suggested that rad9, rad1 and hus1 make a heterotrimeric complex forming a pcna-like structure. in order to carry out structural and biophysical studies of the complex and its associated ... | 2007 | 17493829 |
| differences in atp7a gene expression underlie intrafamilial variability in menkes disease/occipital horn syndrome. | pronounced intrafamilial variability is unusual in menkes disease and its variants. we report two unrelated families featuring affected members with unusually disparate clinical and biochemical phenotypes and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. | 2007 | 17496194 |
| conserved c-terminal domains of mcenp-f (lek1) regulate subcellular localization and mitotic checkpoint delay. | centromeric protein-f (cenp-f) family members have been identified in organisms from yeast to human. cenp-f proteins are a component of kinetochores during mitosis, bind to the rb family of tumor suppressors, and have regulatory effects on the cell cycle and differentiation; however, their role in these processes has not been resolved. here, we provide evidence that the role of murine cenp-f (mcenp-f, also known as lek1) remains largely conserved and that the domains within the c-terminus collec ... | 2007 | 17498689 |
| the structure of the c-terminal domain of the protein kinase atsos2 bound to the calcium sensor atsos3. | the plant sos2 family of protein kinases and their interacting activators, the sos3 family of calcium-binding proteins, function together in decoding calcium signals elicited by different environmental stimuli. sos2 is activated by ca-sos3 and subsequently phosphorylates the ion transporter sos1 to bring about cellular ion homeostasis under salt stress. in addition to possessing the kinase activity, members of the sos2 family of protein kinases can bind to protein phosphatase 2cs. the crystal st ... | 2007 | 17499048 |
| characterization of the fam110 gene family. | we have previously characterized the centrosome/spindle pole-associated protein (cspp) involved in cell cycle progression. the open reading frame c20orf55 was identified in a yeast two-hybrid screen in a search for cspp-interacting proteins. a homology search revealed that c20orf55 belongs to a gene family consisting of three members that have not yet been described. the hugo nomenclature committee has assigned these genes the names fam110a-fam110c. studies of transfectants showed that the fam11 ... | 2007 | 17499476 |
| biochemical and mass spectrometric characterization of the human cb2 cannabinoid receptor expressed in pichia pastoris--importance of correct processing of the n-terminus. | this study was conducted to optimize the expression of human cb2 cannabinoid receptors in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris (p. pastoris). two major species of expressed cb2 proteins were seen on western blot, i.e., a 42 kda band which matches the calculated molecular weight for tagged cb2, and a 52/55 kda doublet. treatment of membranes with n-glycosidase f or inclusion of tunicamycin in the culture medium during induction resulted in the disappearance of the 55 kda, but not the 52 kda band, ... | 2007 | 17500008 |
| crystal structures of the bar-ph and ptb domains of human appl1. | appl1 interacts with adiponectin receptors and other important signaling molecules. it contains a bar and a ph domain near its n terminus, and the two domains may function as a unit (bar-ph domain). we report here the crystal structures of the bar-ph and ptb domains of human appl1. the structures reveal novel features for bar domain dimerization and for the interactions between the bar and ph domains. the bar domain dimer of appl1 contains two four-helical bundles, whereas other bar domain dimer ... | 2007 | 17502098 |
| the acetyltransferase activity of san stabilizes the mitotic cohesin at the centromeres in a shugoshin-independent manner. | proper sister chromatid cohesion is critical for maintaining genetic stability. san is a putative acetyltransferase that is important for sister chromatid cohesion in drosophila melanogaster, but not in budding yeast. we showed that san is critical for sister chromatid cohesion in hela cells, suggesting that this mechanism may be conserved in metazoans. furthermore, although a small fraction of san interacts with the nata complex, san appears to mediate cohesion independently. san exhibits acety ... | 2007 | 17502424 |
| high-efficiency recovery of target cells using improved yeast display system for detection of protein-protein interactions. | we constructed a high-throughput screening (hts) system for target cells based on the detection of protein-protein interactions by flow cytometric sorting due to the improvement in the yeast cell surface display system. interaction model proteins, which are the zz domain derived from staphylococcus aureus and the fc part of human immunoglobulin g (igg), were displayed on the yeast cell surface. we achieved a rapid and enhanced expression of these proteins as a result of adopting an appropriate y ... | 2007 | 17503034 |
| an n-terminal nucleotide-binding site in vdac1: involvement in regulating mitochondrial function. | in a previous study, we presented evidence for the existence of a nucleotide-binding site (nbs) in the n-terminal region of the voltage-dependent anion channel (vdac1). in this study, further localization and possible roles of the proposed vdac1-nbs were investigated using site-directed mutagenesis. the predicated nbs of murine vdac1 (mvdac1) was mutated by replacing two glycine residues with alanines or a conserved lysine residue with a serine. expression of the g21a,g23a- and k20s-mvdac1s in h ... | 2007 | 17503466 |
| human maf1 negatively regulates rna polymerase iii transcription via the tfiib family members brf1 and brf2. | rna polymerase iii (rna pol iii) transcribes many of the small structural rna molecules involved in processing and translation, thereby regulating the growth rate of a cell. initiation of pol iii transcription requires the evolutionarily conserved pol iii initiation factor tfiiib. tfiiib is the molecular target of regulation by tumor suppressors, including p53, rb and the rb-related pocket proteins. however, our understanding of negative regulation of human tfiiib-mediated transcription by other ... | 2007 | 17505538 |
| the interaction of pp1 with brca1 and analysis of their expression in breast tumors. | the breast cancer susceptibility gene, brca1, is implicated in multiple cellular processes including dna repair, the transactivation of genes, and the ubiquitination of proteins; however its precise functions remain to be fully understood. identification and characterization of brca1 protein interactions may help to further elucidate the function and regulation of brca1. additionally, detection of changes in the expression levels of brca1 and its interacting proteins in primary human breast tumo ... | 2007 | 17511879 |
| gene essentiality, gene duplicability and protein connectivity in human and mouse. | it has previously been found that, in yeast, gene essentiality is positively correlated with protein connectivity (number of interaction partners) but negatively correlated with the existence of gene duplicates and that highly connected proteins tend to have a low gene duplicability. using data from human and mouse, we show here that, in mammals, the first of these relationships holds true, but unlike the second relationship in yeast, highly connected mammalian proteins tend to have a high gene ... | 2007 | 17512629 |
| split-ubiquitin two-hybrid assay to analyze protein-protein interactions at the endosome: application to saccharomyces cerevisiae bro1 interacting with escrt complexes, the doa4 ubiquitin hydrolase, and the rsp5 ubiquitin ligase. | targeting of membrane proteins into the lysosomal/vacuolar lumen for degradation requires their prior sorting into multivesicular bodies (mvb). the mvb sorting pathway depends on escrt-0, -i, -ii, and -iii protein complexes functioning on the endosomal membrane and on additional factors, such as bro1/alix and the ubiquitin ligase rsp5/nedd4. we used the split-ubiquitin two-hybrid assay to analyze the interaction partners of yeast bro1 at its natural cellular location. we show that bro1 interacts ... | 2007 | 17513562 |
| [neurodegenerative amyloidoses: the yeast model]. | more than 20 human diseases are related to protein misfolding which causes formation of amyloids, fibrillar aggregates of normally soluble proteins. such diseases are called amyloid diseases or amyloidoses. of them only prion diseases are transmissible. amyloids of the prion type are described in lower eukaryotes. however, in contrast to mammalian prions, which cause incurable neurodegenerative diseases, prions of lower eukaryotes are related to some non-chromosomally inherited phenotypic traits ... | 2007 | 17514901 |
| indelscan: a web server for comparative identification of species-specific and non-species-specific insertion/deletion events. | insertion and deletion (indel) events usually have dramatic effects on genome structure and gene function. species-specific indels have been demonstrated to be associated with species-unique traits. currently, indel identifications mainly rely on pair-wise sequence alignments (the 'pair-wise indels'), which suffer lack of discrimination of species specificity and insertion versus deletion. also, there is no freely accessible web server for genome-wide identification of indels. therefore, we deve ... | 2007 | 17517762 |
| secretion expression and activity assay of a novel fusion protein of thrombopoietin and interleukin-6 in pichia pastoris. | thrombopoietin (tpo) is an important haematopoietic factor in megakaryocytic activities as well as in platelet production. interleukin 6 (il-6) can co-stimulate tpo-dependent formation of colony forming unit of megakaryocyte (cfu-meg) growth which could be responsible for residual platelet formation in tpo-deficient or c-mpl-deficient animals. in this report, we demonstrated the development of a high-level expression system to produce a 78-kda human fusion protein il-6/tpo (named zh646). this wa ... | 2007 | 17517790 |
| exogenous farnesol interferes with the normal progression of cytokine expression during candidiasis in a mouse model. | candida albicans, a dimorphic fungus composed of yeast and mycelial forms, is the most common human fungal pathogen. th1 cytokines such as interleukin-2 (il-2), gamma interferon (ifn-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha), which are induced by macrophage il-12, are critical to resistance against systemic candidiasis, while th2 cytokines such as il-4 and il-5 are less critical. farnesol is a quorum-sensing molecule produced by c. albicans that controls the formation of mycelia but is ... | 2007 | 17517874 |
| human gcip interacts with ct847, a novel chlamydia trachomatis type iii secretion substrate, and is degraded in a tissue-culture infection model. | the obligate intracellular bacterium chlamydia trachomatis occupies a parasitophorous vacuole and employs a type iii secretion mechanism to translocate host-interactive proteins. these proteins most likely contribute to pathogenesis through modulation of host cell mechanisms crucial for the establishment and maintenance of a permissive intracellular environment. using a surrogate yersinia type iii secretion system (t3ss), we have identified the conserved gene product ct847 as a chlamydial t3ss s ... | 2007 | 17532760 |
| human nuf2 interacts with centromere-associated protein e and is essential for a stable spindle microtubule-kinetochore attachment. | chromosome segregation in mitosis is orchestrated by dynamic interaction between spindle microtubules and the kinetochore, a multiprotein complex assembled onto centromeric dna of the chromosome. here, we show that homo sapiens (hs) nuf2 is required for stable kinetochore localization of centromere-associated protein e (cenp-e) in hela cells. hsnuf2 specifies the kinetochore association of cenp-e by interacting with its c-terminal domain. the region of hsnuf2 binding to cenp-e was mapped to its ... | 2007 | 17535814 |
| a unique and specific interaction between alphat-catenin and plakophilin-2 in the area composita, the mixed-type junctional structure of cardiac intercalated discs. | alpha-catenins play key functional roles in cadherin-catenin cell-cell adhesion complexes. we previously reported on alphat-catenin, a novel member of the alpha-catenin protein family. alphat-catenin is expressed predominantly in cardiomyocytes, where it colocalizes with alphae-catenin at the intercalated discs. whether alphat- and alphae-catenin have specific or synergistic functions remains unknown. in this study we used the yeast two-hybrid approach to identify specific functions of alphat-ca ... | 2007 | 17535849 |
| real-time fluorescence detection of erad substrate retrotranslocation in a mammalian in vitro system. | secretory proteins unable to assemble into their native states in the endoplasmic reticulum (er) are transported back or "retrotranslocated" into the cytosol for er-associated degradation (erad). to examine the roles of different components in erad, one fluorescence-labeled erad substrate was encapsulated with selected lumenal factors inside mammalian microsomes. after mixing microsomes with fluorescence-quenching agents and selected cytosolic proteins, the rate of substrate efflux was monitored ... | 2007 | 17540174 |
| molecular identification and characterization of tcmago and tcy14 in taiwania (taiwania cryptomerioides). | mago nashi (mago) and y14 proteins are highly conserved among eukaryotes, and not only play important roles in oogenesis, embryogenesis and germ-line determination during animal development, but also participate in mrna localization and splicing in cell growth. we identified mago (tcmago) and y14 (tcy14) homologues derived from expressed sequence tags of taiwania cryptomerioides hayata seedlings. tcmago and tcy14 contain coding regions encoding 149 and 216 amino acids, respectively. multiple ami ... | 2007 | 17545126 |
| expression of human protein phosphatase-1 in saccharomyces cerevisiae highlights the role of phosphatase isoforms in regulating eukaryotic functions. | human (pp1) isoforms, pp1alpha, pp1beta, pp1gamma1, and pp1gamma2, differ in primary sequences at n and c termini that potentially bind cellular regulators and define their physiological functions. the glc7 gene encodes the pp1 catalytic subunit with >80% sequence identity to human pp1 and is essential for viability of saccharomyces cerevisiae. in yeast, glc7p regulates glycogen and protein synthesis, actin cytoskeleton, gene expression, and cell division. we substituted human pp1 for glc7p in y ... | 2007 | 17545157 |
| identification and characterization of cps1 as a hyaluronic acid synthase contributing to the pathogenesis of cryptococcus neoformans infection. | cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic yeast that often causes devastating meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised individuals. we have previously identified the c. neoformans cps1 gene, which is required for a capsular layer on the outer cell wall. in this report, we investigate the function of the cps1 gene and its pathogenesis. we demonstrated that treatment of yeast with either 4-methylumbelliferone or hyaluronidase resulted in a reduction of the level of c. neoformans binding to human bra ... | 2007 | 17545316 |
| hs1-associated protein x-1 regulates carcinoma cell migration and invasion via clathrin-mediated endocytosis of integrin alphavbeta6. | enhanced expression levels of integrin alphavbeta6 have been linked to more aggressive invasive carcinoma cell behavior and poorer clinical prognosis. however, how alphavbeta6 determines invasion and the dynamics of integrin alphavbeta6 regulation in tumor cells are poorly understood. we have identified the 35-kda hs1-associated protein x-1 (hax-1) protein as a novel binding partner of the beta6 cytoplasmic tail using a yeast two-hybrid screen. we show that alphavbeta6-dependent migration is blo ... | 2007 | 17545607 |
| huntingtin facilitates dynein/dynactin-mediated vesicle transport. | cytoplasmic dynein is a multisubunit microtubule motor complex that, together with its activator, dynactin, drives vesicular cargo toward the minus ends of microtubules. huntingtin (htt) is a vesicle-associated protein found in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells that is thought to be involved in vesicular transport. in this study, we demonstrate through yeast two-hybrid and affinity chromatography assays that htt and dynein intermediate chain interact directly; endogenous htt and dynein co-immu ... | 2007 | 17548833 |
| evidence that a recq helicase slows senescence by resolving recombining telomeres. | recq helicases, including saccharomyces cerevisiae sgs1p and the human werner syndrome protein, are important for telomere maintenance in cells lacking telomerase activity. how maintenance is accomplished is only partly understood, although there is evidence that recq helicases function in telomere replication and recombination. here we use two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2dge) and telomere sequence analysis to explore why cells lacking telomerase and sgs1p (tlc1 sgs1 mutants) senesce more ... | 2007 | 17550308 |
| resveratrol is a class ia phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. | resveratrol, a polyphenol found in fruits, possesses chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic properties and has been shown to increase lifespan in yeast and metazoans, including mice. genetic evidence and in vitro enzymatic measurements indicate that the deacetylase sir2/sirt1, an enzyme promoting stress resistance and aging, is the target of resveratrol. similarly, down-regulation of insulin-like pathways, of which pi3k (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key mediator, promotes longevity and is an at ... | 2007 | 17550345 |
| the fission yeast jmj2 reverses histone h3 lysine 4 trimethylation. | histone methylation regulates transcription, chromatin structure, and the epigenetic state of the cell. recent studies identified the jmjc domain as a catalytic module for histone demethylation. schizosaccharomyces pombe contains seven jmjc proteins, but it was unclear whether any of them functioned as histone demethylases. in this report, we show that the jmjc protein jmj2, which is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to human, reversed trimethylated h3-lys-4 to di- and mono-but not unmethylate ... | 2007 | 17550896 |
| werner helicase-interacting protein 1 binds polyubiquitin via its zinc finger domain. | dna repair is regulated on many levels by ubiquitination. in order to identify novel connections between dna repair pathways and ubiquitin signaling, we used mass spectrometry to identify proteins that interact with lysine 6-linked polyubiquitin chains. from this proteomic screen, we identified the dna repair protein wrnip1 (werner helicase-interacting protein 1), along with nucleosome assembly protein 1, as novel ubiquitin-interacting proteins. we found that a small zinc finger domain at the n ... | 2007 | 17550899 |
| proteomic analysis of peripheral t-lymphocytes in patients with asthma. | asthma is chronic airway inflammation that occurs together with reversible airway obstruction. t-lymphocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of asthma. proteomic technology has rapidly developed in the postgenomic era, and it is now widely accepted as a complementary technology to genetic profiling. we investigated the changes of proteins in t-lymphocytes of asthma patients by using standard proteome technology: two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2d-page), matrix-assi ... | 2007 | 17550934 |
| [construction of a double functional recombinant strain of pichia pastoris co-expressing phytase and mannanase and the enzymatic analyses]. | co-expression of phytase and mannanase in pichia pastoris is a useful way to reduce the production cost in feedstuff industry. based on the published dna sequences of phytase gene and mannanase gene, primers were designed and genes phya and man were cloned by pcr from aspergillus terreus and the plasmid phbm1201, respectively. then the two fragments were treated and inserted into the same expression vector phbm907c, which contains both the methanol-inducible promoter and the transcription termin ... | 2007 | 17552235 |
| [expression and characterization of human stnfr ii-igg fc fusion protein in pichia pastoris]. | to find if human soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor ii (p75) fused igg fc protein (stnfr ii-igg fc) could be expressed in pichia pastoris with an active dimmer form and characterize its n-linked oligosaccharides. | 2007 | 17553346 |
| crystal structure of glutathione reductase glr1 from the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae. | yeast glutathione (gsh) reductase glr1 is a dimeric flavo-oxidoreductase involved in cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox regulatory systems. it reduces the oxidized gsh gssg to the reduced form, gsh with nadph as electron donor and fad as coenzyme. crystal structures and enzymatic mechanisms of gsh reductases from escherichia coli and homo sapiens have been well investigated, whereas the structural properties of yeast glr1 remain unknown. herein, we overexpressed saccharomyces cerevisiae glr1 in ... | 2007 | 17554778 |
| crystal structure of the pin domain of human telomerase-associated protein est1a. | saccharomyces cerevisiae est1p is a telomerase-associated protein essential for telomere length homeostasis. hest1a is one of the three human est1p homologues and is considered to be involved not only in regulation of telomere elongation or capping but also in nonsense-mediated degradation of rna. hest1a is composed of two conserved regions, est1p homology and pin (pilt n-terminus) domains. the present study shows the crystal structure of the pin domain at 1.8 a resolution. the overall structure ... | 2007 | 17557331 |
| help3 subunit of the elongator complex regulates the transcription of hsp70 gene in human cells. | the human elongator complex is remarkably similar to its yeast counterpart in several aspects. in a previous study, we analyzed the functions of the human elongation protein 3 (help3) subunit of the human elongator by using an in vivo yeast complementation system. however, direct evidence for help3 functions in regulating gene expression in human cells was not obtained. in this study, we used help3 antisense oligonucleotide inhibitors to knock down help3 gene expression to investigate its functi ... | 2007 | 17558451 |
| structure-based epitope and pegylation sites mapping of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase for enzyme substitution treatment of phenylketonuria. | protein and peptide therapeutics are of growing importance as medical treatments but can frequently induce an immune response. this work describes the combination of complementary approaches to map the potential immunogenic regions of the yeast rhodosporidium toruloides phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal, ec 4.3.1.5) and to engineer the protein as a human therapeutic agent for the treatment of phenylketonuria (pku), an inherited metabolic disorder. the identification of b and t cell epitopes on th ... | 2007 | 17560821 |
| line-1 orf1 protein localizes in stress granules with other rna-binding proteins, including components of rna interference rna-induced silencing complex. | line-1 retrotransposons constitute one-fifth of human dna and have helped shape our genome. a full-length l1 encodes a 40-kda rna-binding protein (orf1p) and a 150-kda protein (orf2p) with endonuclease and reverse transcriptase activities. orf1p is distinctive in forming large cytoplasmic foci, which we identified as cytoplasmic stress granules. a phylogenetically conserved central region of the protein is critical for wild-type localization and retrotransposition. yeast two-hybrid screens revea ... | 2007 | 17562864 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction studies of hexokinase klhxk1 from kluyveromyces lactis. | glucose acts as both a carbon source and a hormone-like regulator of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms from yeast to man. phosphorylation of glucose is executed by hexokinases, which represent a class of multifunctional enzymes that, in addition to their contribution to the uptake and initiation of metabolism of glucose, fructose and mannose, are involved in glucose signalling. the genome of the budding yeast kluyveromyces lactis encodes a single hexokinase (klhxk1) and a single glucokinas ... | 2007 | 17565189 |
| pias3 interacts with atf1 and regulates the human ferritin h gene through an antioxidant-responsive element. | gene transcription is coordinately regulated by the balance between activation and repression mechanisms in response to various external stimuli. ferritin, composed of h and l subunits, is the major intracellular iron storage protein involved in iron homeostasis. we previously identified an enhancer, termed antioxidant-responsive element (are), in the human ferritin h gene and its respective transcriptional activators including nrf2 and jund. here we found that atf1 (activating transcription fac ... | 2007 | 17565989 |
| the carboxyl-terminal extension of yeast trna m5c methyltransferase enhances the catalytic efficiency of the amino-terminal domain. | the human trna m(5)c methyltransferase is a potential target for anticancer drugs because it is a novel downstream target of the proto-oncogene myc, mediating myc-induced cell proliferation. sequence comparisons of rna m(5)c methyltransferases indicate that the eukaryotic enzymes possess, in addition to a conserved catalytic domain, a large characteristic carboxyl-terminal extension. to gain insight into the function of this additional domain, the modular architecture of the yeast trna m(5)c met ... | 2007 | 17567576 |
| finding plk3. | polo-like kinases (plks) are a highly conserved family of kinases found in flies, yeast and vertebrates. plks derive their name from homology to the gene product of polo, a protein kinase first identified in drosophila. three polo-like kinases have been identified in vertebrates: plk1, plk2 and plk3. studies on plk1 have revealed a great deal of information on its multiple functions, however plk2 and plk3 functions have not been fully explored. in this perspective we discuss recent work on plk3 ... | 2007 | 17568195 |
| biological characterization of a clinical and an environmental isolate of acanthamoeba polyphaga: analysis of relevant parameters to decode pathogenicity. | acanthamoeba spp. consists of free-living amoebae, widespread in nature, which occasionally can cause human infections including granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and amoebic keratitis. acanthamoeba pathogenesis is not entirely known and correlations between pathogenic potential and taxonomy are complex issues. in order to decipher the definition of a pathogenic amoeba, the objective of this work was to decipher the definition of pathogenic amoeba by characterizing two isolates of acanthamoeba ... | 2007 | 17569030 |
| expression of 25 human abc transporters in the yeast pichia pastoris and characterization of the purified abcc3 atpase activity. | human atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters comprise a family of 48 membrane-spanning transport proteins, many of which are associated with genetic diseases or multidrug resistance of cancers. in this study, we present a comprehensive approach for the cloning, expression, and purification of human abc transporters in the yeast pichia pastoris. we analyzed the expression of 25 proteins and demonstrate that 11 transporters, including abcc3, abcb6, abcd1, abcg1, abcg4, abcg5, abcg8, abce1, abcf1, ... | 2007 | 17569508 |
| using indirect protein interactions for the prediction of gene ontology functions. | protein-protein interaction has been used to complement traditional sequence homology to elucidate protein function. most existing approaches only make use of direct interactions to infer function, and some have studied the application of indirect interactions for functional inference but are unable to improve prediction performance. we have previously proposed an approach, fs-weighted averaging, which uses topological weighting and level-2 indirect interactions (protein pairs connected via two ... | 2007 | 17570151 |
| crystal structure of saccharomyces cerevisiae 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase gnd1. | as the third enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6pgdh) is the main generator of cellular nadph. both thioredoxin reductase and glutathione reductase require nadph as the electron donor to reduce oxidized thioredoxin or glutathione (gssg). since thioredoxin and gsh are important antioxidants, it is not surprising that 6pgdh plays a critical role in protecting cells from oxidative stress. furthermore the activity of 6pgdh is associated with several human dis ... | 2007 | 17570834 |
| biotechnological synthesis of drug metabolites using human cytochrome p450 2d6 heterologously expressed in fission yeast exemplified for the designer drug metabolite 4'-hydroxymethyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone. | the aim of this study was evaluating the principle feasibility of biotechnological synthesis of drug metabolites using heterologously expressed human cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes. human cyp2d6 expressed in fission yeast (schizosaccharomyces pombe) strain cad58 was used as model enzyme and the designer drug 4'-methyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (mpbp) as model drug. for synthesis of 4'-hydroxmethyl-alpha-pyrrolidinobutyrophenone (ho-mpbp), 250 micromol of mpbp.hno(3) were incubated with one l ... | 2007 | 17572388 |
| frataxin, a conserved mitochondrial protein, in the hydrogenosome of trichomonas vaginalis. | recent data suggest that frataxin plays a key role in eukaryote cellular iron metabolism, particularly in mitochondrial heme and iron-sulfur (fes) cluster biosynthesis. we have now identified a frataxin homologue (t. vaginalis frataxin) from the human parasite trichomonas vaginalis. instead of mitochondria, this unicellular eukaryote possesses hydrogenosomes, peculiar organelles that produce hydrogen but nevertheless share common ancestry with mitochondria. t. vaginalis frataxin contains conserv ... | 2007 | 17573543 |
| the candida albicans gene hgt12 (orf19.7094) encodes a hexose transporter. | yeast cells of the human pathogen candida albicans that enter the bloodstream can be engulfed by macrophage cells but survive in, and can escape from, the phagolysosome. the c. albicans gene hgt12, which is specifically expressed during macrophage infection, encodes a protein that transports fructose, glucose and mannose. expression of this hexose transporter along with the shift from glycolysis to gluconeogenesis that occurs in these phagocytosed cells suggests a requirement for glucose that ca ... | 2007 | 17573928 |
| cooperative activation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase gene expression by activator protein-2beta in proximal promoter and upstream stimulatory factor 1 within intron 4 in human brain-derived te671 cells. | we investigated the activation mechanism of gene expression of lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase (l-pgds) in human brain-derived te671 cells. reporter analyses of constructs carrying various lengths of the promoter region and intron 1 to 6, or 3'-untranslated region of the human l-pgds gene demonstrated that one atypical e-box (ae-box) at +2569 in intron 4 was critical for transactivation of the gene. the ae-box inside the intron 4 functioned as an enhancer element in both directions and i ... | 2007 | 17574780 |
| regulation of plant innate immunity by three proteins in a complex conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms. | innate immunity against pathogen infection is an evolutionarily conserved process among multicellular organisms. arabidopsis snc1 encodes a resistance protein that combines attributes of multiple mammalian pattern recognition receptors. utilizing snc1 as an autoimmune model, we identified a discrete protein complex containing at least three members--mos4 (modifier of snc1, 4), atcdc5, and prl1 (pleiotropic regulatory locus 1)--that are all essential for plant innate immunity. atcdc5 has dna-bind ... | 2007 | 17575050 |
| generation of a transgenic model to address regulation and function of the human neurokinin 1 receptor (nk1r). | we have generated mouse transgenic lines using yeast artificial chromosome (yac) technology which demonstrate expression from the human nk1 receptor (nk1r) locus. we introduced a 380 kb fragment encompassing the human nk1r gene and flanking regions which we hoped would recapitulate the expected endogenous expression of the human gene. to visualise this expression the nk1 locus co-expresses the green fluorescence protein gene (gfp) under the control of an internal ribosome entry site (ires) seque ... | 2007 | 17576012 |
| [studies on antigencity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) external glycoprotein as well as its expression in pichia pastoris]. | based on the computer simulation, we analyzed hydrophobicity, potential epitope of recombined subtypes hiv-1 env protein (851 amino acids) from guangxi in china. compared with conservative peptides of other subtypes in env protein, three sequences (469-511aa, 538-674aa, 700-734aa) were selected to recombine into a chimeric gene that codes three conservative epitope peptides with stronger antigencity, and was constructed in the yeast expression plasmid ppiczb. chimeric proteins were expressed in ... | 2007 | 17577993 |
| a proteomic view of candida albicans yeast cell metabolism in exponential and stationary growth phases. | the facultative pathogenic fungus candida albicans has to come up with dynamic metabolic adaptation programs in order to be able to survive within a variety of niches in the human host, each of which has its different nutrient availability. using a large-scale two-dimensional (2-d) protein gel electrophoresis approach, we analyzed the adaptation mechanisms to nutrient limitation in a batch culture in complex medium with glucose as carbon source. to this end, we constructed a 2-d reference map of ... | 2008 | 17588813 |
| antitumour drugs impede dna uncoiling by topoisomerase i. | increasing the ability of chemotherapeutic drugs to kill cancer cells is often hampered by a limited understanding of their mechanism of action. camptothecins, such as topotecan, induce cell death by poisoning dna topoisomerase i, an enzyme capable of removing dna supercoils. topotecan is thought to stabilize a covalent topoisomerase-dna complex, rendering it an obstacle to dna replication forks. here we use single-molecule nanomanipulation to monitor the dynamics of human topoisomerase i in the ... | 2007 | 17589503 |
| cloning and characterization of dppl1 and dppl2, representatives of a novel type of mammalian phosphatidate phosphatase. | phosphatidate phosphatase (pap) enzymes are classified as either mg(2+)-dependent (pap1) or mg(2+)-independent (pap2) with respect to their mg(2+) cofactor requirement for catalytic activity. sensitivity to the thioreactive compound n-ethylmaleimide (nem) has also been used to differentiate pap1 (nem-sensitive) from pap2 (nem-insensitive) activity in mammalian cells. we report here the cloning and initial characterization of dppl1 and dppl2, representatives of a novel type of mammalian phosphati ... | 2007 | 17590538 |
| high-level expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae enables isolation and spectroscopic characterization of functional human adenosine a2a receptor. | the g-protein coupled receptors (gpcrs) are a class of membrane proteins that trigger cellular responses to external stimuli, and are believed to be targets for nearly half of all pharmaceutical drugs on the market. however, little is known regarding their folding and cellular interactions, as well as what factors are crucial for their activity. further structural characterization of gpcrs has largely been complicated by problems with expression, purification, and preservation of activity in vit ... | 2007 | 17591446 |
| [the nucleolus as a regulator of cellular senescence]. | the nucleolus has been considered originally only as the site for the ribosome synthesis, but now it is well known that it represents a dynamic nuclear structure involved in important cellular processes. several evidences have demonstrated that the nucleolus regulates the cellular senescence. specific mutations on the dnas codifying for nucleolar proteins induced premature senescence from yeast to human. the failure to repress the genes transcription codifying for damaged rrna, and the mutations ... | 2007 | 17593607 |
| h2o2 accelerates cellular senescence by accumulation of acetylated p53 via decrease in the function of sirt1 by nad+ depletion. | it has been reported that p53 acetylation, which promotes cellular senescence, can be regulated by the nad(+)-dependent deacetylase sirt1, the human homolog of yeast sir2, a protein that modulates lifespan. to clarify the role of sirt1 in cellular senescence induced by oxidative stress, we treated normal human diploid fibroblast tig-3 cells with h(2)o(2) and examined dna cleavage, depletion of intracellular nad(+), expression of p21, sirt1, and acetylated p53, cell cycle arrest, and senescence-a ... | 2007 | 17595514 |
| dual e1 activation systems for ubiquitin differentially regulate e2 enzyme charging. | modification of proteins with ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (ubls) by means of an e1-e2-e3 cascade controls many signalling networks. ubiquitin conjugation involves adenylation and thioesterification of the carboxy-terminal carboxylate of ubiquitin by the e1-activating enzyme ube1 (uba1 in yeast), followed by ubiquitin transfer to an e2-conjugating enzyme through a transthiolation reaction. charged e2s function with e3s to ubiquitinate substrates. it is currently thought that ube1/uba1 is ... | 2007 | 17597759 |
| cgmp-dependent protein kinase i interacts with trim39r, a novel rpp21 domain-containing trim protein. | nitric oxide modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (smc) cytoskeletal kinetics and phenotype, in part, by stimulating cgmp-dependent protein kinase i (pkgi). to identify molecular targets of pkgi, an interaction trap screen in yeast was performed using a cdna encoding the catalytic region of pkgi and a human lung cdna library. we identified a cdna that encodes a putative pkgi-interactor that is a novel variant of trim39, a member of the really interesting new gene (ring) finger family of protein ... | 2007 | 17601797 |
| reconstructing the evolution of the mitochondrial ribosomal proteome. | for production of proteins that are encoded by the mitochondrial genome, mitochondria rely on their own mitochondrial translation system, with the mitoribosome as its central component. using extensive homology searches, we have reconstructed the evolutionary history of the mitoribosomal proteome that is encoded by a diverse subset of eukaryotic genomes, revealing an ancestral ribosome of alpha-proteobacterial descent that more than doubled its protein content in most eukaryotic lineages. we obs ... | 2007 | 17604309 |
| cornichon regulates transport and secretion of tgfalpha-related proteins in metazoan cells. | cornichon proteins are structurally related transmembrane proteins that have been studied in and drosophila and yeast. in drosophila, cornichon (cni) is involved in embryo polarization by the tgfalpha-related gurken. in yeast, the cni-related erv14 is required for axial budding. a cargo receptor function has been proposed for erv14 and cni. four mammalian cni-like sequences have been identified. we carried out parallel functional analyses of the human cni ortholog cnih and drosophila cni in the ... | 2007 | 17607000 |
| live cell fret microscopy: homo- and heterodimerization of two human peroxisomal abc transporters, the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (aldp, abcd1) and pmp70 (abcd3). | the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (aldp) and the 70-kda peroxisomal membrane protein (pmp70) are half-atp-binding cassette (abc) transporters in the mammalian peroxisome membrane. mutations in the gene encoding aldp result in a devastating neurodegenerative disorder, x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (x-ald) that is associated with elevated levels of very long chain fatty acids because of impaired peroxisomal beta-oxidation. the interactions of peroxisomal abc transporters, their role in the peroxiso ... | 2007 | 17609205 |
| deletion of the high-affinity camp phosphodiesterase encoded by pde2 affects stress responses and virulence in candida albicans. | previously, we have shown that pde2 is required for hyphal development and cell wall integrity in candida albicans. in the present study, we have investigated the effects of its deletion by genome-wide transcriptome profiling. changes in expression levels of genes involved in metabolism, transcription, protein and nucleic acids synthesis, as well as stress responses, cell wall and membrane biogenesis, adherence and virulence have been observed. by comparing these changes with previously reported ... | 2007 | 17614954 |
| multiple conserved domains of the nucleoporin nup124p and its orthologs nup1p and nup153 are critical for nuclear import and activity of the fission yeast tf1 retrotransposon. | the nucleoporin nup124p is a host protein required for the nuclear import of both, retrotransposon tf1-gag as well as the retroviral hiv-1 vpr in fission yeast. the human nucleoporin nup153 and the saccharomyces cerevisiae nup1p were identified as orthologs of nup124p. in this study, we show that all three nucleoporins share a large fg/fxfg-repeat domain and a c-terminal peptide sequence, grkixxxxxrrkx, that are absolutely essential for tf1 retrotransposition. though the fxfg domain was essentia ... | 2007 | 17615301 |
| increase of calnexin gene dosage boosts the secretion of heterologous proteins by hansenula polymorpha. | the type i membrane protein calnexin is a conserved key component of the quality control mechanism in the endoplasmic reticulum. it functions as a molecular chaperone that monitors the folding state of nascent polypeptides entering the endoplasmic reticulum. calnexin also behaves as a lectin, as its chaperoning activity involves binding of oligosaccharide moieties present on newly imported glycoproteins. we isolated the calnexin gene (hpcne1) from the methylotrophic yeast hansenula polymorpha, a ... | 2007 | 17617219 |
| the cora family: structure and function revisited. | the cora family is a group of ion transporters that mediate transport of divalent metal ions across biological membranes. metal ions are essential elements in most cellular processes and hence the concentrations of ions in cells and organelles must be kept at appropriate levels. impairment of these systems is implied in a number of pathological conditions. cora proteins are abundant among the prokaryotic organisms but homologues are present in both human and yeast. the activity of cora proteins ... | 2007 | 17619822 |
| eclipsed distribution: a phenomenon of dual targeting of protein and its significance. | one of the surprises from genome sequencing projects is the apparently small number of predicted genes in different eukaryotic cells, particularly human. one possible reason for this 'shortage' of genes is multiple distribution of proteins; a single protein is targeted to more than one subcellular compartment and consequently participates in different biochemical pathways and might have completely different functions. indeed, in recent years, there have been reports on proteins that were found t ... | 2007 | 17621655 |
| molecular and structural transactions at human dna replication origins. | the dna replication origins of metazoan genomes are the sites of complex sequence-specific protein-dna interactions determining their precise cycle of activation and deactivation, once only along each cell cycle. some of the involved proteins have been identified (and particularly the essential six-protein origin recognition complex, orc) thanks to their homology with the proteins identified in yeast. whereas in the latter organism orc has a specific affinity for an origin consensus, metazoan (a ... | 2007 | 17622799 |
| the association between rad18 arg302gln polymorphism and the risk of human non-small-cell lung cancer. | the repair enzyme rad18 plays a key role in the post-replication repair process in various organisms from yeast to human, and the molecular function of the rad18 protein has been elucidated. single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) of arginine (arg, cga) or glutamine (gln, caa) at codon 302 is known on rad18; however, the association between the snp and the risk of any human cancers including non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) has not been reported. we therefore investigated the relationship between ... | 2008 | 17624554 |
| chromatin remodeling proteins interact with pericentrin to regulate centrosome integrity. | pericentrin is an integral centrosomal component that anchors regulatory and structural molecules to centrosomes. in a yeast two-hybrid screen with pericentrin we identified chromodomain helicase dna-binding protein 4 (chd4/mi2beta). chd4 is part of the multiprotein nucleosome remodeling deacetylase (nurd) complex. we show that many nurd components interacted with pericentrin by coimmunoprecipitation and that they localized to centrosomes and midbodies. overexpression of the pericentrin-binding ... | 2007 | 17626165 |
| recognition of polyadenosine rna by zinc finger proteins. | messenger rna transcripts are coated from cap to tail with a dynamic combination of rna binding proteins that process, package, and ultimately regulate the fate of mature transcripts. one class of rna binding proteins essential for multiple aspects of mrna metabolism consists of the poly(a) binding proteins. previous studies have concentrated on the canonical rna recognition motif-containing poly(a) binding proteins as the sole family of poly(a)-specific rna binding proteins. in this study, we p ... | 2007 | 17630287 |
| [identification of binding proteins to the pdz domain of erbin]. | to identify the binding proteins to pdz domain of erbin. | 2007 | 17633453 |
| genomic signal processing: from matrix algebra to genetic networks. | dna microarrays make it possible, for the first time, to record the complete genomic signals that guide the progression of cellular processes. future discovery in biology and medicine will come from the mathematical modeling of these data, which hold the key to fundamental understanding of life on the molecular level, as well as answers to questions regarding diagnosis, treatment, and drug development. this chapter reviews the first data-driven models that were created from these genome-scale da ... | 2007 | 17634608 |
| clinical, structural and functional implications of mutations and polymorphisms in human nadph p450 oxidoreductase. | cytochrome p450 proteins are involved in metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics. in the endoplasmic reticulum a single nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (nadph) p450 oxidoreductase (por) supplies electrons to all microsomal p450s for catalytic activity. por is a flavoprotein that contains both flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide as cofactors and uses nadph as the source of electrons. we have recently reported a number of por mutations in the patients with disordered ster ... | 2007 | 17635179 |
| the camp pathway is important for controlling the morphological switch to the pathogenic yeast form of paracoccidioides brasiliensis. | paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a human pathogenic fungus that switches from a saprobic mycelium to a pathogenic yeast. consistent with the morphological transition being regulated by the camp-signalling pathway, there is an increase in cellular camp levels both transiently at the onset (< 24 h) and progressively in the later stages (> 120 h) of the transition to the yeast form, and this transition can be modulated by exogenous camp. we have cloned the cyr1 gene encoding adenylate cyclase (ac) ... | 2007 | 17635191 |
| uxt interacts with the transcriptional repressor protein evi1 and suppresses cell transformation. | the evi1 transcriptional repressor is critical to the normal development of a variety of tissues and participates in the progression of acute myeloid leukaemias. the repressor domain (rp) was used to screen an adult human kidney yeast two-hybrid library and a novel binding partner designated ubiquitously expressed transcript (uxt) was isolated. enforced expression of uxt in evi1-expressing rat1 fibroblasts suppresses cell transformation and uxt may therefore be a negative regulator of evi1 biolo ... | 2007 | 17635584 |
| monoubiquitylation of h2a.z distinguishes its association with euchromatin or facultative heterochromatin. | h2a.z is a histone h2a variant that is essential for viability in organisms such as tetrahymena thermophila, drosophila melanogaster, and mice. in saccharomyces cerevisiae, loss of h2a.z is tolerated, but proper regulation of gene expression is affected. genetics and genome-wide localization studies show that yeast h2a.z physically localizes to the promoters of genes and functions in part to protect active genes in euchromatin from being silenced by heterochromatin spreading. to date, the functi ... | 2007 | 17636032 |
| heat shock protein 70 interacts with aquaporin-2 and regulates its trafficking. | the trafficking of aquaporin-2 (aqp2) involves multiple complex pathways, including regulated, camp-, and cgmp-mediated pathways, as well as a constitutive recycling pathway. although several accessory proteins have been indirectly implicated in aqp2 recycling, the direct protein-protein interactions that regulate this process remain largely unknown. using yeast two-hybrid screening of a human kidney cdna library, we have identified the 70-kda heat shock proteins as aqp2-interacting proteins. in ... | 2007 | 17636261 |
| interactions between conserved domains within homodimers in the big1, big2, and gbf1 arf guanine nucleotide exchange factors. | guanine nucleotide exchange factors carrying a sec7 domain (arfgefs) activate the small gtp-binding protein arf, a major regulator of membrane remodeling and protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells. only two of the seven subfamilies of arfgefs (gbf and big) are found in all eukaryotes. in addition to the sec7 domain, which catalyzes gdp/gtp exchange on arf, the gbf and big arfgefs have five common homology domains. very little is known about the functions of these noncatalytic domains, but it is ... | 2007 | 17640864 |
| bcl3 acts as a negative regulator of transcription from the human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 long terminal repeat through interactions with torc3. | by associating with cyclic amp-responsive element-binding protein (creb), the human t-cell leukemia virus type 1 (htlv-1) tax protein activates transcription from the htlv-1 long terminal repeat (ltr), which contains multiple cyclic amp-responsive elements. the transducers of regulated creb activity (torcs) were a recently identified family of creb co-activators that bind to creb to enhance cre-mediated transcription. torc3, a torc family protein, dramatically enhances tax-mediated transcription ... | 2007 | 17644518 |
| computational analysis of human protein interaction networks. | large amounts of human protein interaction data have been produced by experiments and prediction methods. however, the experimental coverage of the human interactome is still low in contrast to predicted data. to gain insight into the value of publicly available human protein network data, we compared predicted datasets, high-throughput results from yeast two-hybrid screens, and literature-curated protein-protein interactions. this evaluation is not only important for further methodological impr ... | 2007 | 17647236 |
| pttg is a secretory protein in human pituitary adenomas and in mouse pituitary tumor cell lines. | the pituitary tumor-transforming gene (pttg) is a homolog of yeast securin, which arrests the activation of separin to induce sister chromatid separation in the transition from metaphase to anaphase. pituitary tumor-transforming gene is also known to induce angiogenesis during pituitary tumorigenesis. it has not been clarified whether pttg functions as a cytoplasmic or a nuclear protein. our immunohistochemical study indicated that pttg is localized in the cytoplasm of pituitary tumor cells. in ... | 2007 | 17652795 |
| [microbiological identification and in vitro sensitivity of candida isolates from the oral cavity of hiv-positive individuals]. | oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common fungal infection among patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. it can be treated with either systemic or topical antifungal agents, which are indicated empirically on the basis of clinical data. the objective of this study was to determine the frequency of yeast in mouthwashes from hiv-positive patients, compare the results between patients presenting different states of immunodeficiency, and investigate the susceptibility profile of ... | 2007 | 17653459 |
| the copper, zinc superoxide dismutase gene of penicillium marneffei: cloning, characterization, and differential expression during phase transition and macrophage infection. | superoxide dismutase (sod) is an enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen molecules. sod has been shown to contribute to the virulence of many human-pathogenic fungi through its ability to neutralize toxic levels of reactive oxygen species generated by the host. sod has also been speculated to be important in the pathogenesis of fungal infections, but the role of this enzyme has not been rigorously investigated. in this report, we isolated and characterized the ... | 2007 | 17654267 |
| identification and characterization of a novel protein isoc2 that interacts with p16ink4a. | p16(ink4a) is a multiple tumor suppressor, playing an important role in proliferation and tumorigenesis. to screen the p16(ink4a)-associated proteins, we performed a yeast two-hybrid assay and identified a novel protein isochorismatase domain containing 2 (isoc2). isoc2 conserves in different species, and encodes 205 and 210 amino acids in human and mouse, respectively. the expression of isoc2 in mouse is universal but predominantly in uterus, stomach, and urinary tract system. interaction betwe ... | 2007 | 17658461 |
| circular dichroism studies of extracellular domains of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors provide an insight into their structure. | the extracellular domains (ecds) of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nachrs) are of major pharmacological interest as drug targets in the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis and in various neurological disorders. we have previously expressed and purified the human muscle alpha1-, beta1-, gamma- and epsilon-nachr-ecds, as well as the wild type and a mutant of neuronal alpha7-ecd, in yeast pichia pastoris. the far-uv circular dichroism (cd) studies of these ecds, presented here, revealed ... | 2007 | 17659334 |
| interrogating yeast surface-displayed human proteome to identify small molecule-binding proteins. | identifying proteins that interact with small molecules is often a challenging step in understanding cellular signaling pathways or molecular mechanisms of drug action. in this report, we describe the construction of libraries displaying human protein fragments on the surface of yeast cells and demonstrate the utility of these libraries for the study of small molecule/protein interactions. the libraries were used to select protein fragments with affinity for the phosphatidylinositides phosphatid ... | 2007 | 17660511 |
| [na+/h+ antiporters from bacteria to human: ion transport mechanism and reguratory factors]. | | 2007 | 17663161 |
| evaluating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons using a yeast bioassay. | sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) were evaluated for the ability to activate aryl hydrocarbon (ah) receptor signaling in a yeast-based bioassay. individual pahs were classified as inactive or as weakly, moderately, or strongly active based on induction of human ah receptor signaling. indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, chrysene, benzo[a]anthracene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, and benzo[k]fluoranthene were the most potent activators of human ah receptor signaling. various mixtures of ... | 2007 | 17665671 |