| twenty years of clinical human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in hong kong. | to elucidate the development of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) clinical care and research in hong kong. | 2006 | 16603781 |
| clinical features, etiology and short term outcomes of interstitial pneumonitis in hiv/aids patients. | a prospective study was conducted at bamrasnaradura hospital, nonthaburi province, thailand from november 11, 2002 to january 5, 2003. a total of 59 hiv/aids patients with interstitial infiltrates on chest radiographs were included in the study. the objectives of this study were to describe the clinical manifestations and determine the etiologies of interstitial pneumonitis, assess the short-term outcomes and determine the accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of the etiologies of interstitial pneu ... | 2005 | 16610649 |
| successful umbilical cord blood stem cell transplantation in a patient with rothmund-thomson syndrome and combined immunodeficiency. | the atp-dependent dna helicase q4 (recql4) belongs to a family of conserved recq helicases that are felt to be important in maintaining chromosomal integrity (kitao et al., 1998, genomics: 54 (3): 443-452). deletions in the recql4 gene located on chromosome 8 region q24.3 have been associated with rothmund-thomson syndrome (rts, omim 268400), a condition characterized by poikiloderma, sparse hair, small stature, skeletal abnormalities, cataracts and an increased risk of malignancy. we present a ... | 2006 | 16630167 |
| immunological recovery and antiretroviral therapy in hiv-1 infection. | potent antiretroviral therapy has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients infected with hiv-1. primary and secondary prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii, mycobacterium avium, cytomegalovirus, and other pathogens can be discontinued safely once cd4 cell counts have increased beyond pathogen-specific thresholds. approximately one-third of individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy will not reach cd4 cell counts above 500 cells per mul after 5 years despite continuous suppression of ... | 2006 | 16631548 |
| the sulfone syndrome secondary to dapsone prophylaxis in a patient undergoing unrelated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | dapsone is commonly used for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients. it has been used as an alternative therapy in the hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) setting in patients who can't tolerate trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. the sulfone syndrome is not a well-known sequela of dapsone therapy and occurs at various doses, ranging from 50-300 mg/d. in all cases the syndrome occurs within 2 months of initiating therapy. its clinical manifestations includ ... | 2006 | 16639690 |
| acute respiratory failure associated with cryptococcal pneumonia and disseminated cryptococcosis in an aids patient. | a 36-year-old homosexual mexican man was admitted to our hospital, with a 30-day history of fever and headache. upon cerebrospinal fluid examination, the patient's white blood cell count was 1,580/l, total protein was 26 mg/dl, sugar was 17 mg/dl, and his intracranial pressure was 23 cmh2o. the patient was diagnosed with hiv (human immunodeficiency virus) infection by serum western blotting. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated in cultures of the patient's blood and cerebrospinal fluids. chest c ... | 2006 | 16646563 |
| b cells are required for generation of protective effector and memory cd4 cells in response to pneumocystis lung infection. | b cell-deficient mice are susceptible to infection by pneumocystis carinii f. sp. muris (pc). to determine whether this susceptibility is due to a requirement for b cells to prime t cells, we compared cd4 t cell responses to pc in bone marrow chimeric mice that express mhc class ii (mhcii) on all apcs (wild-type (wt) chimeras) and in bone marrow chimeric mice that express mhcii on all apcs except b cells (mhcii(-/-) chimeras). although pc was rapidly cleared by wt chimeric mice, pc levels remain ... | 2006 | 16670323 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with pleural effusion in a non-hiv host. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection that occurs in immunocompromised hosts, especially patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). however, this infection is increasing in frequency in other immunosuppressed patients, including organ transplant recipients and those with malignancy who are treated with chemotherapeutic regimens. it carries a relatively high mortality in the non-human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) population. pleural i ... | 2006 | 16676494 |
| functional complementation of the yeast p-type h-atpase, pma1, by the pneumocystis carinii p-type h-atpase, pca1. | the opportunistic fungus pneumocystis is the etiologic agent of an interstitial plasma cell pneumonia that primarily afflicts immunocompromised individuals. like other fungi pneumocystis maintains a h(+) plasma membrane gradient to drive nutrient uptake and regulates intracellular ph by atp-dependent proton efflux. previously, we identified a pneumocystis gene, pca1, whose predicted protein product was homologous to fungal proton pumps. in this study, we show by functional complementation in a s ... | 2006 | 16677337 |
| [advances in the study of new methods for the prevention and therapy of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | | 2006 | 16677456 |
| sensitivity and specificity of nested and real-time pcr for the detection of pneumocystis jiroveci in clinical specimens. | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based test for pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis) might be an alternative to histologic diagnoses of p. jiroveci pneumonia (pcp). however, previously developed nested pcr methods tend to have low specificities (high false-positive rates). in this study, nested and quantitative real-time pcr methods for the amplification of the p. jiroveci dhps (dihydropteroate synthase) gene were evaluated in a variety of stored clinical samples ... | 2006 | 16678378 |
| respiratory distress, pneumonic changes on chest x-ray, hypoxaemia, oral candidiasis in a homosexual male: not always pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | a young homosexual male presented to the emergency department with respiratory distress, oropharyngeal candidiasis, hypoxaemia, and renal failure. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was considered to be the likely diagnosis - until 24 h later when the patient divulged the true history of paraquat ingestion some 5 days previously. ingestion of corrosives should be considered in patients with oropharyngeal candidiasis and pneumonic symptoms, especially in the presence of renal failure as an alternativ ... | 2006 | 16679884 |
| detection of pneumocystis carinii in induced sputum samples of hiv positive patients. | | 2006 | 16687875 |
| the role of a nested polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | aim-to compare the techniques and results of a nested pcr and an immunofluorescence assay (ifa) for the detection of pneumocystis carinii infection; to consider the role of the nested pcr in the diagnosis of p carinii pneumonia (pcp).methods-serial dilutions of two known p carinii positive samples were tested by ifa and pcr to determine their relative sensitivities. seventy eight respiratory samples (15 from 11 patients with hiv infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) and 63 from 42 ... | 1995 | 16696036 |
| disseminated cytomegalovirus infection associated with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a previously normal infant. | we reported a rare case of dual opportunistic infections of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and disseminated cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in a previously normal female infant. transient t-cell dysfunction was demonstrated and returned to normal after treatment of cmv infection. | 2006 | 16709532 |
| successful unrelated mismatched cord blood transplantation in an infant with severe combined immunodeficiency and mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guèrin disease. | the case reported here of an infant who presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cd4+ lymphopenia, and hypogammaglobulinemia attributable to severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). this report discussed treatment of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guèrin disease with unrelated cord blood transplantation in addition to antituberculous therapy, by adoptively transferring donor immunity with induction of mixed chimerism. because of the unique nature of umbilical cord blood hematopoieti ... | 2006 | 16712611 |
| breakthrough fusarium sp probable pneumonia during fluconazole therapy in an aids patient with diabetes, candidemia, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and cytomegalovirus disseminated infection. | | 2006 | 16736895 |
| twenty-five years of hiv/aids--united states, 1981-2006. | on june 5, 1981, mmwr published a report of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five previously healthy young men in los angeles, california. these cases were later recognized as the first reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states. since that time, this disease has become one of the greatest public health challenges both nationally and globally. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and aids have claimed the lives of more than 22 million persons worldwide, inclu ... | 2006 | 16741493 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue disease. | although the association of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) with connective tissue disease (ctd) has been noted for a long time, there are few series reported. | 2006 | 16755237 |
| pneumocystis melanins confer enhanced organism viability. | pneumocystis continues to represent an important opportunistic fungal pathogen of those with compromised immunity. thus, it is crucial to identify factors that affect its viability and pathogenicity. we previously reported the first identification of melanins in pneumocystis. in the present study, we sought to further characterize these components and define the function for these melanins. melanins extracted from pneumocystis and melanized pneumocystis cells were analyzed by electron spin reson ... | 2006 | 16757739 |
| [antibodies to the infective agents of opportunistic infections in blood of patients with hemoblastosis complicated with pneumonia]. | the examination of 112 hematological patients with diagnosed acute and chronic leucosis, lymphoma, myeloma, anemia, melanoma and other diseases revealed not a single subject among these examinees in whom no markers of opportunistic infections were detected. low titers of antibodies to pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus (cmv), epstein-barr virus (ebv) were noted in 42%, 46.4% and 40.2% of examinees, respectively. markers of acute diseases, such as class igm, igg antibodies in high titers, as w ... | 2006 | 16758900 |
| hiv/aids care and treatment in three provinces in northern thailand before the national scale-up of highly-active antiretroviral therapy. | in 2003, thailand launched a program to place 50,000 persons on highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) by the end of 2004, following a series of efforts since the early 1990s to develop comprehensive hiv/aids care services. to evaluate existing services and needs in advance of the national haart scale-up, in 2002 we surveyed 31 hospitals and 389 community health centers in three northern thai provinces, and interviewed 1,015 hiv-infected patients attending outpatient clinics. all hospitals ... | 2006 | 16771217 |
| simple and effective method for generating single-stranded dna targets and probes. | a simple and efficient pcr method was developed for generating dye- or radiolabeled single-stranded dna targets or probes used for hybridization studies. the method involved the use of a pair of long primers with high annealing temperatures and a short, labeled primer with a low annealing temperature in a pcr consisting of two cycles at different temperatures. we used this method to generate dye cy 5-labeled and [32p]-radiolabeled single-stranded dna targets and probes. these labeled probes were ... | 2006 | 16774119 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole associated rhabdomyolysis in a patient with aids: case report and review of the literature. | we report a case of rhabdomyolysis associated with the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) in a newly diagnosed aids patient with presumed pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly named pneumocystis carinii) pneumonia. the present case is significant because of the paucity of similar cases in the literature and the relative frequency with which tmp-smx is used today. | 2006 | 16775445 |
| pneumocystis cell wall beta-glucans induce dendritic cell costimulatory molecule expression and inflammatory activation through a fas-fas ligand mechanism. | respiratory failure during pneumocystis pneumonia is mainly a consequence of exaggerated inflammatory responses to the organism. dendritic cells (dcs) are the most potent apcs in the lung and are key to the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses. however, their participation in the inflammatory response directed against pneumocystis infection has not been fully elucidated. therefore, we studied the role of pneumocystis carinii, as well as saccharomyces cerevisiae, cell wall-derived b ... | 2006 | 16785543 |
| methemoglobinemia associated with dapsone therapy in a child with pneumonia and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. | this report describes a case of methemoglobinemia in association with dapsone therapy. the patient, an immunocompromised child with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura, presented with fever, cough, perioral cyanosis, bilateral lower lobe rales, and low o2 saturation by pulse oximetry (89%). his medications included prednisone and rituximab for chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and dapsone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis. because of his lack of dyspnea and tachypnea, and ... | 2006 | 16794511 |
| in vitro selection and in vivo efficacy of piperazine- and alkanediamide-linked bisbenzamidines against pneumocystis pneumonia in mice. | bisbenzamidines, such as pentamidine isethionate, are aromatic dicationic compounds that are active against pneumocystis and other microbes but are oftentimes toxic to the host. to identify potential anti-pneumocystis agents, we synthesized bisbenzamidine derivatives in which the parent compound pentamidine was modified by a 1,4-piperazinediyl, alkanediamide, or 1,3-phenylenediamide moiety as the central linker. several of the compounds were more active against p. carinii and less toxic than pen ... | 2006 | 16801410 |
| trends in hiv-related morbidity among patients admitted to a south indian tertiary hospital between 1997 and 2003. | this paper describes trends in hiv-related morbidity among people living with hiv/aids (plwha) admitted to a tertiary hospital in chennai, south india, between 1997 and 2003. patients comprised hiv-infected men, women and children who had been admitted at least once to yr gaitonde centre for aids research and education (yrgcare). a non-parametric trends analysis was conducted to observe trends in clinical and demographic parameters and diagnoses at admission over the seven-year period. among cli ... | 2006 | 16809114 |
| increased expression of interferon-inducible genes in macaque lung tissues during simian immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary infections and dysfunction are frequent outcomes during the development of immunodeficiency associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection, and obtaining a better understanding of the immunologic changes that occur in lungs following hiv-1 infection will provide a foundation for the development of further intervention strategies. we sought here to identify changes in the pulmonary immune environment that arise during simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) infection ... | 2006 | 16822691 |
| immunopathogenesis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a life-threatening infection that occurs in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. interestingly, morbidity and mortality is related to the underlying cause of immunosuppression, with aids patients faring better than oncology patients for example. in addition, the prognosis of pcp has been correlated with markers of inflammation rather than with organism numbers. there is now increasing ... | 2005 | 16842636 |
| short-term effects of lipid-based parenteral nutrition in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) is surrounded by a rigid membrane rich in cholesterol. extraction of cholesterol from the virus envelope reduces its infectivity in vitro. large amounts of lipid emulsion phospholipids have the property of extracting cholesterol from cell membranes. the purpose of the present study was to observe the effects of high phospholipid loads on the lipid profile as well as hiv infectivity of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). fifty-nine patie ... | 1994 | 16843415 |
| [immunological regulation and treatment of brucea javanica and fructus psoraleae on rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | to study the immunological regulation and treatment of brucea javanica and fructus psoraleae, traditional chinese medicine, on rats with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). | 2006 | 16866148 |
| role of naso-gastric aspirate in hiv-positive children presenting with respiratory symptoms. | human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection predisposes to various opportunistic infections like tuberculosis, pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii) pneumonia, toxoplasmosis and fungal infections. naso-gastric aspirate (nga) is utilized to demonstrate acid-fast-bacilli (afb); similarly p. carinii was isolated with the help of naso-gastric aspirate in hiv positive children. | 2006 | 16870685 |
| increase in hospital mortality from non-communicable disease and hiv-related conditions in bulawayo, zimbabwe, between 1992 and 2000. | the hiv/aids pandemic is creating a strain on health care services in the developing world, with knock-on consequences for hiv negative patients. we looked for possible changes over time in the patterns of illness and outcomes of admission to an adult medical unit in zimbabwe. we performed a prospective descriptive study of discharge diagnoses and causes of in-hospital ;mortality for all medical patients under the care of one consultant at mpilo central hospital, bulawayo, zimbabwe. two similar ... | 2006 | 16884612 |
| [the molecular diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii in the light of a new biological and epidemiological data]. | a new data from investigations on pneumocystis carinii were presented as well as an application of molecular techniques to the diagnosis of p. carinii pneumonia. | 1999 | 16886385 |
| [an analysis of the course of experimental pneumocystosis in rats using some serological methods]. | since serological methods used in the diagnosis of pneumocystosis may be helpful to a various extent, depending on the stage of a diagnosed infection, it was decided to evaluate the usefulness of some the methods in the course of infection. wistar rats were used in the experiments. the animals were administered hydrocortisone injections for 12 weeks to induce immunosuppression and activate naturally occurring asymptomatic infections with pneumocystis carinii. blood samples and specimes of lung t ... | 2001 | 16886416 |
| [occurrence of pneumocystis carinii dna and anti-pneumocystis antibodies in the sera of infants during a period of of physiologic decreased immune response]. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and indirect immunofluorescent test (if) were used for examination of serum samples obtained from infants with respiratory tract infections. sixty (11.9%) out of the 503 examined infant samples were positive for anti-p. carinii igm and 354 (70.4%) contained anti-pneumocystis igg. p. carinii dna was found in 6 (6.7%) sera from 90 of infected infants. five out these 6 samples were for anti-pneumocystis antibodies positive; 4 contained both igg and igm classes an ... | 2002 | 16888974 |
| contribution of t cell subsets to the pathophysiology of pneumocystis-related immunorestitution disease. | immune-mediated lung injury is an important component of pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp)-related immunorestitution disease (ird). however, the individual contribution of cd4(+) and cd8(+) t cells to the pathophysiology of ird remains undetermined. therefore, ird was modeled in severe combined immunodeficient mice, and specific t cell depletion was used to determine how t cell subsets interact to affect the nature and severity of disease. cd4(+) cells were more abundant than cd8(+) cells during the ... | 2006 | 16891394 |
| [nested pcr in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients]. | the studies were undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of a nested pcr assay in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients. to achieve the end, 51 excretions samples from the respiratory tract were collected from hiv-infected patients with respiratory symptoms, and examined for the presence of specific dna. a portion of the mitochondrial large-subunit rrna gene of pneumocystis carinii was amplified with outer primers pair paz 102e, paz 102h and internal primers paz 10 ... | 2001 | 16894769 |
| [the estimation of pneumocystis carinii in hiv-infected patients occurrence based on three different methods]. | the frequency of pneumocystis carinii occurrence in bal of 38 hiv-infected patients was determined with three different method. bal sediments were stained with giemsa method, silvered according to gomori-grocott method and studied with indirect immunofluorescence assay. using giemsa method staining pneumocystis carinii was diagnosed in 81.6% of patients, in gomori-grocott method--in 31.6% of patients, but results of indirect immunofluorescence assay were positive only in 23.,7%. in our study sta ... | 2001 | 16894772 |
| [pulmonary infection of pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalo virus in the treatment of cholesterol crystal embolism]. | cholesterol crystal embolism (cce) is a multivisceral disease caused by occlusion of small arteries with cholesterol crystal emboli deriving from eroded atherosclerotic plaques of the aorta and/or large feeder arteries. the factors precipitating cce are manipulation of the aorta or other large arteries during arteriography or surgery, and anticoagulant or thrombolytic therapy. cce has been reported to be a life threatening condition involving multiple vital organ dysfunction, including renal fai ... | 2006 | 16913463 |
| opportunistic infections in adults with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a comparison of clinical and autopsy findings. | many opportunistic infections causing death in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients are often not diagnosed prior to death. the objective of this study was to compare the premortem and postmortem diagnoses of opportunistic infections and tumors among 15 aids patients treated in a hospital in southern taiwan. | 2006 | 16926977 |
| combined analysis of retrospective and prospective occurrences in cohort studies: hiv-1 serostatus and incident pneumonia. | the authors show how information collected on retrospective occurrence times may be combined with prospective occurrence times in the analysis of recurrent events from cohort studies. | 2006 | 16936292 |
| sensitized cd8+ t cells fail to control organism burden but accelerate the onset of lung injury during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | while cd8+ cells have been shown to contribute to lung injury during pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), there are conflicting reports concerning the ability of cd8+ cells to kill p. carinii. to address these two issues, we studied the effect of the presence of cd8+ cells in two mouse models of pcp. in the reconstituted scid mouse model, depletion of cd8+ cells in addition to cd4+ cells after reconstitution did not result in increased numbers of p. carinii cysts compared to the numbers of cyst ... | 2006 | 16940142 |
| pneumocystis jiroveci infection in patients with hyper-immunoglobulin e syndrome. | the hyper-immunoglobulin e syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent pyogenic skin and lung abscesses, dermatitis, and elevated serum immunoglobulin e levels. pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly pneumocystis carinii) is not typically associated with hyper-immunoglobulin e syndrome. we identified 7 patients with hyper-immunoglobulin e syndrome with p. jiroveci detected in respiratory or pulmonary pathology specimens. in 5 patients it was the sole pathogen, and in 2 other patie ... | 2006 | 16940164 |
| chemotherapy for malignant gliomas. | concomitant and adjuvant treatment with temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent, has significantly improved the survival of patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma multiforme (study eortc 26981/22981, ncic ce3). when given with the appropriate cautiousness including weekly clinical and laboratory controls during the concomitant phase, this therapy is generally well tolerated. the observed toxicity is mainly haematological. grade iii and iv toxicities mainly thrombocytopenia or lymphocytopenia ... | 2006 | 16944366 |
| [pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: an old disease with a new name]. | pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia has historically been one of the most common opportunistic pneumonias and life-threatening infectious complications in hiv-infected patients. after the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, the incidence of pneumocystis pneumonia and other opportunistic infections has decreased dramatically. nowadays pneumocystis pneumonia still occurs in patients unaware of their hiv status, in those not receiving combination antiretroviral therapy, or in those in ... | 2006 | 16963830 |
| antibody response to pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein. | we conducted a prospective pilot study of the serologic responses to overlapping recombinant fragments of the pneumocystis jirovecii major surface glycoprotein (msg) in hiv-infected patients with pneumonia due to p. jirovecii and other causes. similar baseline geometric mean antibody levels to the fragments measured by an elisa were found in both groups. serum antibodies to msgc in p. jirovecii patients rose to a peak level 3-4 weeks (p<0.001) after recovery from pneumocystosis; baseline cd4+ co ... | 2006 | 16965702 |
| immune parameters in multiple myeloma patients: influence of treatment and correlation with opportunistic infections. | the present study evaluated cellular and humoral immune parameters in myeloma patients, focusing on the effect of treatment and the risk of opportunistic infections. peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and serum levels of nonmyeloma immunoglobulins (ig) were analysed in 480 blood samples from 77 myeloma patients. untreated myeloma patients exhibited significantly reduced cd4+/45ro+, cd19+, cd3+/hla-dr+, and natural killer (nk) cells, as well as nonmyeloma iga, igg and igm. conventional-dose chem ... | 2006 | 16966269 |
| comparison of plain chest radiography and high-resolution ct in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a sub-saharan africa study. | the objective of the study was to determine the proportion of patients with missed lesions on plain chest radiographs compared with high-resolution computed tomography (hrct) in 49 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infected patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap). patients underwent plain chest radiography and hrct scans of the chest at admission. microbiological investigations for cap were performed. an experienced radiologist, without knowledge of clinical or pathological data, repor ... | 2007 | 17005518 |
| novel non-classical c9-methyl-5-substituted-2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase and as anti-opportunistic agents. | six novel c9-methyl-5-substituted-2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 18-23 were synthesized as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) and as anti-opportunistic agents. these compounds represent the only examples of 9-methyl substitution in the carbon-carbon bridge of 2,4-diaminopyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. the analogs 18-23 were synthesized in a concise eight-step procedure starting from the appropriate commercially available aromatic methyl ketones. the key step involved a micha ... | 2006 | 17010625 |
| new insights into dhfr interactions: analysis of pneumocystis carinii and mouse dhfr complexes with nadph and two highly potent 5-(omega-carboxy(alkyloxy) trimethoprim derivatives reveals conformational correlations with activity and novel parallel ring stacking interactions. | structural data are reported for two highly potent antifolates, 2,4-diamino-5-[3',4'-dimethoxy-5'-(5-carboxy-1-pentynyl)]benzylpyrimidine (py1011), with 5000-fold selectivity for pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcdhfr), relative to rat liver dhfr, and 2,4-diamino-5-[2-methoxy-5-(4-carboxybutyloxy)benzyl]pyrimidine (py957), that has 80-fold selectivity for pcdhfr. crystal structures are reported for nadph ternary complexes with py957 and pcdhfr, refined to 2.2 a resolution; with py1 ... | 2006 | 17019704 |
| design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new (2e,6e)-10-(dimethylamino)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-decadien-1-ol ethers as inhibitors of human and trypanosoma cruzi oxidosqualene cyclase. | new dimethylamino truncated squalene ether derivatives containing a different aromatic moiety (phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenyl) or a simple alkyl (n-hexylic) group were synthesized as inhibitors of the oxidosqualene cyclase (osc) and of the sterol biosynthetic pathway. the activity against human osc was compared with the activity against the oscs of pathogenic organisms such as pneumocystis carinii and trypanosoma cruzi. the phenyl derivative was the most potent inhibitor of t. cruzi osc. | 2007 | 17027267 |
| human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with prior pneumocystis pneumonia exhibit increased serologic reactivity to several major surface glycoprotein clones. | recombinant clones of the carboxyl terminus of the major surface glycoprotein (msgc) of pneumocystis jirovecii are useful for analyzing serologic responses in humans. however, there is no standardized set of antigens in general use, which could lead to conflicting results. we have previously shown that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected patients with prior pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp+) responded more frequently and more strongly to a clone of msgc than did hiv-1-infected patien ... | 2006 | 17028210 |
| leflunomide-related lung injury in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: imaging features. | imaging findings of 26 cases of leflunomide (arava)-related acute lung injury were analyzed. thirteen cases had pre-existing interstitial pulmonary disease on chest x-ray or computed tomography. the main features of clinically determined leflunomide-induced acute lung injury were similar to those caused by other drugs: diffuse or widespread patchy ground-glass opacities and/or consolidation, frequently accompanied by septal thickening and intralobular reticular opacities. we categorized these fi ... | 2005 | 17029058 |
| clinical characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases. | the characteristics of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in patients with connective tissue diseases (ctds) were examined retrospectively. nine patients were enrolled in this study. their mean age was 57.1 years. all the patients received a high-dose steroid or immunosuppressant. the onset (mean 6.6 days) of fever, cough, breathlessness, and geographical ground-glass opacities revealed by chest computed tomography was acute. the serum beta-d: -glucan level increased with a simultaneous increa ... | 2005 | 17029061 |
| alveolar proteinosis in a patient recovering from pneumocystis carinii infection: a case report with a review of literature. | pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare lung disorder, which was first reported as idiopathic condition in 1958. the prevalence of acquired pulmonary alveolar proteinosis has been estimated to be 0.37 per 100,000 population. the cause of this condition is not entirely clear. we present alveolar proteinosis in a case recently treated for pulmonary pneumocystis carinii infection. | 2006 | 17034646 |
| pneumocystis carinii infection in non-aids patients. | infection with the opportunist fungus pneumocystis carinii remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in non-hiv-infected individuals immunosuppressed by a wide range of malignancies, transplantation and inflammatory conditions. glucocorticoid use appears to be an independent risk factor for the development of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. transmission from infected to susceptible patients may occur, albeit infrequently. a diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia may be achieved ... | 1999 | 17035802 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia associated with leflunomide therapy for rheumatoid arthritis. | | 2002 | 17039208 |
| some opportunistic parasitic infections in aids: candidiasis, pneumocystosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis. | almost 80% of patients with aids die from infections other than human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these infections usually occur late in the course of disease when cd4(+) t-cell count has fallen below 200 permm(3) cells per milliliter. most of these infections are caused by organisms that do not normally afflict healthy individuals and are thus considered to be opportunistic. in this article, lloyd kasper and dominique buzoni-gatel review the host-parasite interaction for four important pathog ... | 1998 | 17040733 |
| utility of reflex gomori methenamine silver staining for pneumocystis jirovecii on bronchoalveolar lavage cytologic specimens: a review. | pneumocystis jiroveci (pj; formerly pneumocystis carinii) is an opportunistic pathogen causing life-threatening pneumonia (pneumocystis pneumonia) in immunosuppressed individuals. its diagnosis is dependent on identification in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens. gomori's methenamine silver nitrate (gms) stain has been advocated to highlight the organisms in bal specimens. this study was performed to determine the utility of reflex gms staining on all bal specimens for identifying pj.all bal ... | 2006 | 17041954 |
| [the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with caspofungin in elderly patients: a case report and literature review]. | to describe the treatment with caspofungin of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in elderly patients. | 2006 | 17045046 |
| regulatory t cells dampen pulmonary inflammation and lung injury in an animal model of pneumocystis pneumonia. | cd4+cd25+foxp3+ regulatory t cells are decreased in patients infected with hiv and have been shown to be critical in mediating ag tolerance in the lung. because a subset of pneumocystis-infected individuals develop substantial lung injury, which can be modeled in immune reconstituted scid mice, we used mouse models of pneumocystis carinii to investigate the role of regulatory t cells in opportunistic infection and immune reconstitution. in this study, we show that cd4+cd25+foxp3+ cells are part ... | 2006 | 17056551 |
| changes in the clinical spectrum of opportunistic illnesses in persons with hiv infection in taiwan in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. | we compared changes in the relative frequencies of opportunistic illnesses (ois) among 1,044 taiwanese persons with hiv infection who were enrolled in three study periods from june 1994 to june 2004: before the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart); early haart; and late haart. nearly two-thirds of those newly diagnosed with hiv infection had cd4 counts below 200/mm(3). among a total of 1,182 ois, candidiasis, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and tuberculosis were the most ... | 2006 | 17060697 |
| pneumocystis oryctolagi sp. nov., an uncultured fungus causing pneumonia in rabbits at weaning: review of current knowledge, and description of a new taxon on genotypic, phylogenetic and phenotypic bases. | the genus pneumocystis comprises noncultivable, highly diversified fungal pathogens dwelling in the lungs of mammals. the genus includes numerous host-species-specific species that are able to induce severe pneumonitis, especially in severely immunocompromised hosts. pneumocystis organisms attach specifically to type-1 epithelial alveolar cells, showing a high level of subtle and efficient adaptation to the alveolar microenvironment. pneumocystis species show little difference at the light micro ... | 2006 | 17064284 |
| an official ats workshop summary: recent advances and future directions in pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp). | pneumocystis pneumonia (pcp) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised persons, and it remains a leading acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids)-defining opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals throughout the world. pneumocystis has proven difficult to study, in part due to the lack of a reliable culture system for the organism. with the development of molecular techniques, significant advances in our understanding of the or ... | 2006 | 17065370 |
| regression analysis of failure time data with informative interval censoring. | interval censoring arises when a subject misses prescheduled visits at which the failure is to be assessed. most existing approaches for analysing interval-censored failure time data assume that the censoring mechanism is independent of the true failure time. however, there are situations where this assumption may not hold. in this paper, we consider such a situation in which the dependence structure between the censoring variables and the failure time can be modelled through some latent variabl ... | 2007 | 17072823 |
| pneumocystis carinii: a fungus resistant to antifungal therapies - mechanisms of action of antipneumocystis drugs. | pneumocystis carinii is a pathogen that causes a potentially lethal pneumonia in patients with aids and other immunodeficiency states. this review discusses the mechanisms of action of four classes of antipneumocystis agents: inhibitors of ergosterol synthesis and function, 1,3-beta-glucan synthase inhibitors, antifolates and dna binding agents. investigations of p. carinii's biologic pathways affected by the antipneumocystis actions of each of these classes of agents has generated important ins ... | 1998 | 17092792 |
| drug resistance in pneumocystis carinii: an emerging problem. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a frequent opportunistic infection in aids patients. large numbers of hiv-infected individuals take prophylactic medications to prevent this illness. the development of drug resistance, while expected, cannot be monitored by classical means, since the organism cannot be cultivated in vitro. two drug target genes, dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and cytochrome b, have been cloned and sequenced from human-derived p. carinii. mutations leading to amino acid s ... | 1998 | 17092806 |
| is toxoplasmosis prophylaxis necessary in cardiac transplantation? long-term follow-up at two transplant centers. | cardiac transplant recipients are often given prophylactic treatments to prevent opportunistic infections such as pneumocystis carinii. toxoplasmosis prophylaxis is commonly prescribed for transplant recipients who have not been exposed to this disease but receive a heart from an exposed donor. we reviewed the collective 28-year experience at two urban transplant programs with 596 patients, and found no cases of toxoplasmosis, but all patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to prevent pn ... | 2006 | 17097506 |
| hemophagocytic syndrome associated with extracerebral toxoplasmosis in an hiv-infected patient. | hemophagocytic syndrome (hps) is a clinical entity that combines non-specific clinical and biological features. the diagnosis is usually confirmed by a bone marrow examination. hps may be primary or secondary to a malignancy or to an infectious or autoimmune disease. since it was first described, various agents have been implicated, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. in hiv patients, many cases occur with lymphoma or with a variety of opportunistic infections due to cmv, hhv8, pneumocys ... | 2006 | 17098596 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia during dose-dense chemotherapy for breast cancer. | | 2006 | 17114668 |
| treatment of ulcerative colitis refractory to steroid therapy by oral microemulsion cyclosporine (neoral). | intravenous cyclosporine is active in 60% to 80% of patients with ulcerative colitis (uc) who failed to respond to intravenous corticosteroids. several studies have suggested that cyclosporine in microemulsion form (neoral) has some efficacy in this setting, but the optimal dose, blood level, time to response, and remission need to be better defined. the aim of this study was to evaluate the response to neoral and its toxicity in active corticosteroid-refractory uc. | 2006 | 17119387 |
| ubiquinone synthesis and its regulation in pneumocystis carinii. | the opportunistic pathogen pneumocystis causes a type of pneumonia in individuals with defective immune systems such as aids patients. atovaquone, an analog of ubiquinone (coenzyme q [coq]), is effective in clearing mild to moderate cases of the infection. rat-derived pneumocystis carinii was the first organism in which coq synthesis was clearly demonstrated to occur in both mitochondrial and microsomal subcellular fractions. atovaquone inhibits microsomal coq synthesis with no effect on mitocho ... | 2006 | 17123407 |
| necrotizing hepatitis and intrahepatic cholestasis associated to cryptococcus sp. and pneumocystis carinii. | | 2006 | 17151583 |
| inhibitory effect of umbelliferone aminoalkyl derivatives on oxidosqualene cyclases from s. cerevisiae, t. cruzi, p. carinii, h. sapiens, and a. thaliana: a structure-activity study. | eighteen coumarin derivatives were tested as inhibitors of oxidosqualene cyclases (oscs) from saccharomyces cerevisiae, trypanosoma cruzi, pneumocystis carinii, homo sapiens, and arabidopsis thaliana, all expressed in an osc-defective strain of s. cerevisiae.35 all the compounds have an aminoalkyl chain bound to an aromatic nucleus; unconventional synthetic procedures (microwave- and ultrasound-promoted reactions) were successfully used to prepare some of them. the most interesting structure-dep ... | 2007 | 17154325 |
| adult-onset still's disease in a patient over 80 years old successfully treated with low-dose methotrexate therapy. | we report on an 83-year-old japanese woman with adult-onset still's disease (aosd), with marked hypercytokinemia (serum levels of ferritin (fer) and interleukin (il)-18 were markedly high). on seeing older patients with fever of unknown origin (fuo), particularly asians, aosd should be considered. reduced doses of oral prednisolone following intravenous methylprednisolone (mpsl) therapy caused a flare-up of aosd and led to pneumocystis carinii (jeroveci) pneumonia. low-dose methotrexate (mtx) th ... | 2007 | 17158115 |
| dectin-1 is required for host defense against pneumocystis carinii but not against candida albicans. | dectin-1 is a c-type lectin involved in the recognition of beta-glucans found in the cell walls of fungi. we generated dectin-1-deficient mice to determine the importance of dectin-1 in the defense against pathogenic fungi. in vitro, beta-glucan-induced cytokine production from wild-type dendritic cells and macrophages was abolished in cells homozygous for dectin-1 deficiency ('dectin-1-knockout' cells). in vivo, dectin-1-knockout mice were more susceptible than wild-type mice to pneumocystis in ... | 2007 | 17159982 |
| unilateral pulmonary metastases from ewing's sarcoma shown in a technetium-99m-methylene-diphosphonate bone scan. | a 32-year-old man with a history of painful swelling of the right ankle underwent bone scintigraphy, which showed increased uptake in the right ankle and also unexpected diffuse uptake throughout the right hemithorax. a single photon emission tomography scan performed after the intravenous injection of 740 mbq of technetium-99m methylene-diphosphonate ((99m)tc-mdp) showed abnormal uptake throughout the right lung. computed tomography (ct) revealed a large mass in the right lower lobe. ct-guided ... | 2006 | 17160160 |
| [detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in clinical samples from children with respiratory diseases]. | method of pneumocystis carinii dna detection in clinical samples (sputum) is presented. primers to one fragment of 16s rrna gene were used for detection of dna. isolation and amplification of dna were performed in presence of internal dna control. analytical sensitivity of method was 200 copies of dna per 1 ml. analytical and diagnostic specificities were 100% and 95% accordingly. sputum from 176 children with frequent respiratory infections were sampled before start of antibacterial therapy and ... | 2006 | 17163138 |
| perioral numbness associated with intravenous pentamidine administration. | to report a case of perioral numbness associated with intravenous pentamidine. | 2007 | 17164393 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an infant with hypogammaglobulinemia. | | 2007 | 17165040 |
| science and social justice: the lessons of hiv/aids activism in the struggle to eradicate tuberculosis. | the global social, political and health emergency presented by the human immunodeficiency virus and the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (hiv/aids) has also once again propelled tuberculosis (tb) into a global public health emergency. the examples i will use to show how activism and social mobilisation can assist in overcoming tb are primarily from my home country, south africa. despite significant differences in health systems, culture, politics and history, there are lessons that could be u ... | 2006 | 17167946 |
| microaerophilic conditions increase viability and affect responses of pneumocystis carinii to drugs in vitro. | | 2006 | 17169023 |
| detection of a proteasome in pneumocystis carinii and its modulation by specific proteasome inhibitors. | | 2006 | 17169035 |
| the non-peptidic hiv protease inhibitor tipranavir and two synthetic peptidomimetics (ts98 and ts102) modulate pneumocystis carinii growth and proteasome activity of hel299 cell line. | | 2006 | 17169036 |
| the sequence of the erg11 gene in form 1 and form 6 of pneumocystis carinii are identical. | | 2006 | 17169037 |
| analysis of pneumocystis carinii gene function by complementation in yeast mutants. | | 2006 | 17169038 |
| large-scale characterization of introns in the pneumocystis carinii genome. | | 2006 | 17169040 |
| sequence of the mitochondrial genome of pneumocystis carinii: implications for biological function and identification of potential drug targets. | | 2006 | 17169041 |
| draft assembly and annotation of the pneumocystis carinii genome. | | 2006 | 17169080 |
| co-infection of pneumocystis carinii f. sp. suis and porcine circovirus-2 (pcv2) in pig lungs obtained from slaughterhouses in southern and midwestern regions of brazil. | | 2006 | 17169081 |
| responsibility in naming pathogens: the case of pneumocystis jirovecii, the causal agent of pneumocystis pneumonia. | | 2007 | 17182335 |
| interaction of pneumocystis carinii with dendritic cells and resulting host responses to p. carinii. | to assess the interaction of pneumocystis carinii with dendritic cells (dcs), and the consequences of the response of the host immune system to p. carinii antigens when dc are pulsed with p. carinii, murine dc were pulsed with p. carinii, and the resultant p. carinii host responses assessed in vitro and in vivo. p. carinii interacted with murine bone marrow-derived dc in vitro in part via mannose receptors. dc pulsed with p. carinii did not demonstrate increased expression of the cell surface ma ... | 2007 | 17198083 |
| interleukin 7 receptor alpha-chain-mutation severe combined immunodeficiency without lymphopenia: correction with haploidentical t-cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation. | severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) is a rare primary immunodeficiency characterized by abnormal lymphocyte development and lymphopenia. it often presents during the first year of life with recurrent, opportunistic infections, failure to thrive, and malabsorption. | 2006 | 17201233 |
| identification and characterization of rad51 of pneumocystis. | rad51, a eukaryotic homolog of reca, is an important protein involved in dna recombination and repair. we have characterized rad51 of pneumocystis carinii and pneumocystis murina. rad51 is a single copy gene that encodes a 1.2 kb mrna, which contains an open reading frame encoding 343 amino acids. rad51 from pneumocystis showed high homology to those from yeast. atp binding motifs gefrtgks and llivd, similar to those of saccharomyces cerevisiae and schizosaccharomyces pombe, are conserved in pne ... | 2007 | 17207588 |
| herpes simplex virus (hsv) pneumonia in a heart transplant: diagnosis and therapy. | organ transplants are frequently complicated by viral infections. the period of maximum immunosuppression, 1 to 6 months posttransplantation, predisposes one to intracellular pathogens. the most common intracellular viral pathogens in transplant recipients include cytomegalovirus (cmv), herpes simplex virus (hsv), and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). cytomegalovirus and hsv are common viral pathogens in the early transplant period (0-1 month posttransplant). although respiratory syncytial viru ... | 2007 | 17234480 |
| tuberculosis as a disease defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: ten years of surveillance in rio de janeiro, brazil. | to analyze the frequency of tuberculosis and of the other principal opportunistic infections defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome at the time such cases were reported in the city of rio de janeiro, brazil. | 2006 | 17268749 |
| oral and nasal enteral tube placement errors and complications in a pediatric intensive care unit. | to report five cases of errors in the placement of oral/nasal enteral tubes in a pediatric intensive care unit, and to review literature on placement techniques and complication rates. | 2007 | 17273117 |
| [detection of pneumocystis carinii dna in air and washes from medical equipment in hospitals]. | results of study of rooms' air and washes from medical equipment by pcr assay to detect pneumocystis carinii dna are presented. pcr assay sensivity was 200 copies/ml. method of taking of air samples by mc-2 sample-taking device was modified for p. carinii detection. sensivity of the method was 10 copies/m3. 27 air samples and 105 washes from medical equipment were studied and p. carinii dna was not detected. it has been shown during the study that dna of pneumocysts remains intact at room temper ... | 2006 | 17297893 |